CN114643907A - 用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统 - Google Patents

用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统 Download PDF

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CN114643907A
CN114643907A CN202110908913.3A CN202110908913A CN114643907A CN 114643907 A CN114643907 A CN 114643907A CN 202110908913 A CN202110908913 A CN 202110908913A CN 114643907 A CN114643907 A CN 114643907A
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fuel cell
ambient air
management system
thermal management
integrated thermal
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金贵泽
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Abstract

一种用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统，该集成热管理系统可以包括：氢气罐，被配置成存储供应给燃料电池堆的氢气；第一涡轮，通过从氢气罐排放的氢气的压力旋转；制冷剂循环管线，被配置成使制冷剂沿该制冷剂循环管线循环并且压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器安装自在该制冷剂循环管线上；第二涡轮，安装在制冷剂循环管线中并且通过由压缩机排放的高压制冷剂旋转；以及鼓风机，被配置成利用第一涡轮、第二涡轮或电动马达的旋转力来对环境空气加压，并且将加压后的环境空气供应到室内空气调节单元或燃料电池堆。

Description

用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种集成热管理系统，该集成热管理系统控制由燃料电池驱动的机动交通工具的内部环境，例如冷却燃料电池、冷却/加热乘客车厢等。
背景技术
机动设备或交通工具是指所有携带人或货物的运输工具，并且传统的机动设备或交通工具使用内燃机和化石燃料来驱动。在驾驶机动交通工具时，需要为机动交通工具驾驶员或机动交通工具乘客控制机动交通工具的内部环境，并且当使用内燃机时，排气的温度高，因此可以使用排气的余热来调节机动交通工具的内部的温度。
通过使用内燃机和化石燃料产生的温室气体正在升高地球的温度并引起环境破坏，因此对能够使用燃料电池和氢气驱动的机动交通工具的关注正在上升。
然而，使用燃料电池的机动交通工具与使用内燃机的机动交通工具在其驱动方法、从其放出的余热的量及其所需的系统方面不同，因此需要许多修改，以能够执行环境控制。
燃料电池加湿从其外部吸入的空气并通过氢与氧之间的反应发电，因此需要对流入燃料电池的空气加压。
这里，当独立地应用被配置成对空气加压的单独鼓风机时，机动交通工具的重量和体积以及由此消耗的功率量增加。
包括在本背景技术部分中的信息仅仅是为了增强对本发明的一般背景技术的理解，并且可以不被认为是承认或以任何形式暗示该信息形成了本领域技术人员已知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面旨在提供一种集成热管理系统，该集成热管理系统可以通过结合机动交通工具的特性和设置在机动交通工具内部的制冷剂压缩系统的特性来有效地控制使用燃料电池系统的机动交通工具的内部环境。
根据本发明的各个方面，上述和其他目的可以通过提供一种用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统来实现，该集成热管理系统包括：氢气罐，被配置成储存供应给燃料电池堆的氢气；第一涡轮，流体连接到氢气罐并且通过从氢气罐排放的氢气的压力而旋转；制冷剂循环管线，制冷剂沿该制冷剂循环管线循环，并且在该制冷剂循环管线中设置压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器；第二涡轮，安装在制冷剂循环管线中并且通过由压缩机排放的高压制冷剂而旋转；以及鼓风机，与第一涡轮、第二涡轮和电动马达接合，并且被配置成利用第一涡轮、第二涡轮和电动马达的旋转力来对环境空气加压，并且将加压后的环境空气供应至室内空气调节单元或燃料电池堆。
加压环境空气流经环境空气供应管线，环境空气供应管线可分支成燃料电池管线和空气调节管线，并且加压后的环境空气可通过燃料电池管线供应到燃料电池堆并且通过空气调节管线供应到室内空气调节单元。
由调节器控制从鼓风机排放并供应至室内空气调节单元和燃料电池堆的加压环境空气的相应流速。
当燃料电池堆发电时，鼓风机通过第一涡轮旋转以对环境空气加压并将加压环境空气供应到室内空气调节单元和燃料电池堆，并且当施加到环境空气的压力低于预定压力量时，电动马达可额外运行以增大施加到环境空气的压力。
当燃料电池机动交通工具的内部被冷却时，鼓风机可通过第二涡轮旋转来对环境空气加压并且将加压环境空气排放到燃料电池机动交通工具的内部。
蒸发器设置在室内空气调节单元内部，并且鼓风机可将加压环境空气供应到室内空气调节单元。
可在室内空气调节单元内部设置加热器芯，并且加热器芯可连接到燃料电池堆的冷却流体出口。
集成热管理系统还可包括冷却流体循环管线，该冷却流体循环管线被配置成使冷却流体通过水泵循环到燃料电池堆，冷却流体循环管线的冷却流体在经过燃料电池堆之后，可经由控制阀经过加热器芯和散热器，已经经过加热器芯的冷却流体的流可与已经经过散热器的冷却流体的流汇合，并且根据燃料电池堆的操作状态以及根据是否需要加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部来控制控制阀的打开。
在室内空气调节单元内部设置有电加热器，并且电加热器在加热器芯的温度低于预定温度时运行。
本发明的方法和装置具有其他特征和优点，这些特征和优点将从所包含的附图和下面的具体实施例中更清楚地描述，附图和具体实施例一起用于解释本发明的某些原理。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的各种示例性实施例的用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统的电路图；以及
图2是示例性地示出根据本发明各种示例性实施例的用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统的鼓风机的示意图。
可以理解，附图不必按比例绘制，呈现了示出本发明基本原理的各种特征的稍微简化的表示。在本文所包括的本发明的具体设计特征包括例如具体尺寸、定向、位置和形状将部分地由具体预期的应用和使用环境确定。
在附图中，附图标记在整个附图的若干图中指示本发明的相同或等效部分。
具体实施方案
现在将详细参考本发明的各种实施例，该各种实施例的示例在附图中示出并在下面描述。虽然将结合本发明的示例性实施例描述本发明，但是应当理解，本描述并非旨在将本发明限制于那些示例性实施例。另一方面，本发明旨在不仅涵盖本发明的示例性实施例，而且涵盖可包括在如所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内的各种替换、修改、等效物和其他实施例。
现在将详细参考本发明的示例性实施例，该实施例的示例在附图中示出。在所有附图中，尽可能使用相同的附图标记来表示相同或相似的部件。在本发明的以下描述中，当并入本文的已知功能和配置的详细描述可能使本发明的主题不清楚时，将省略对其的详细描述。
图1是根据本发明的各种示例性实施例的用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统的电路图，图2是示例性地示出根据本发明的各种示例性实施例的用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统的鼓风机的示意图。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的各种示例性实施例的用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统包括：氢气罐B，被配置成存储供应给燃料电池堆A的高压氢气；第一涡轮100，通过从氢气罐B排放的氢气的压力而旋转；制冷剂循环管线500，被配置成使得制冷剂沿该制冷剂循环管线500循环，并且在该制冷剂循环管线500上设置有压缩机510、冷凝器520、膨胀阀530和蒸发器540；第二涡轮200，通过由压缩机510排放的高压制冷剂而旋转；以及鼓风机400，被配置成利用第一涡轮100、第二涡轮200或电动马达300的旋转力来对环境空气加压，并且将加压后的环境空气供应到室内空气调节单元或燃料电池堆A。
具体地，需要在机动交通工具内部加压以将新鲜空气连续地提供到其中，并且为此目的，需要被配置成对环境空气加压的鼓风机400。在本发明的各种示例性实施例中，使用在燃料电池堆A中使用的高压氢气和由机动交通工具中的压缩机510排放的高压制冷剂对环境空气加压，并且通过电动马达300对该环境空气额外加压，并且加压后的环境空气被用于调节机动交通工具内部的空气或者被供应到燃料电池。
参照图1和图2，图2所示的鼓风机400具有这样的结构，在该结构中，鼓风机400的旋转轴连接到第一涡轮100、第二涡轮200或电动马达300的旋转轴并旋转以对环境空气加压。
第一涡轮100可以通过供应给燃料电池堆A的高压氢气而旋转，并且第二涡轮200可以通过由压缩机510排放的高温高压制冷剂而旋转。电动马达300可以辅助地用于操作鼓风机400。
由鼓风机400加压的环境空气可流过环境空气供应管线410，该环境空气供应管线410可分支成燃料电池管线411和空气调节管线412，并且加压后的环境空气可通过燃料电池管线411供应给燃料电池堆A，并通过空气调节管线412供应到室内空气调节单元。
因此，由于未另外设置用于向燃料电池堆A供应加压环境空气的单独的鼓风机，并且用于给对室内空气进行调节的环境空气进行加压的鼓风机400用于向燃料电池堆A供应环境空气，因此集成热管理系统可以具有紧凑的结构并且增加了机动交通工具的行驶范围。
被配置成当环境空气干燥时加湿环境空气的加湿器可进一步设置在燃料电池管线411上，并且因为环境空气可由鼓风机400充分加压，所以环境空气可流入燃料电池堆A并与氢气反应以产生电力。
此外，加压后的环境空气可通过空气调节管线412供应到室内空气调节单元以加热或冷却燃料电池机动交通工具的内部。
具体地，加压后的环境空气可以通过与制冷剂的热交换来进行冷却以冷却燃料电池机动交通工具的内部，并且当需要加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部时，加压环境空气可以通过与制冷剂的热交换来进行加热以加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部。
从鼓风机400排放的将被供应到室内空气调节单元和燃料电池堆A的加压后的环境空气的相应流速可以由调节器420控制。
即，调节器420可以适当地控制燃料电池堆A所需的环境空气的流速，并且可以使环境空气的剩余部分被供应到室内空气调节单元。
第一涡轮100可通过供应至燃料电池堆A的高压氢气而旋转，从而鼓风机400可旋转，以对环境空气加压并将加压后的环境空气供应至室内空气调节单元，并且当施加到环境空气的压力量不足时(例如低于预定压力量时)，电动马达300可额外运行以增大施加到环境空气的压力。
此外，当燃料电池机动交通工具的内部被冷却时，鼓风机400可通过第二涡轮200旋转以对环境空气加压并且将加压后的环境空气排放到燃料电池机动交通工具的内部。
具体地，制冷剂通过压缩机510、冷凝器520和膨胀阀530转换为低温状态，并与由蒸发器540加压的环境空气交换热量以冷却环境空气，该制冷剂被配置成用于冷却燃料电池机动交通工具的内部。
在本发明的示例性实施例中，冲压空气流入冷凝器520。在此，冲压空气是环境空气，其中，该冲压空气的动态空气压力通过交通工具运动产生，以允许环境空气的更大的质量流通过冷凝器520，从而增加发动机功率。
在此，蒸发器540可以设置在室内空气调节单元的内部，并且鼓风机400可以将加压后的环境空气供应到室内空气调节单元以冷却燃料电池机动交通工具的内部。
在本发明的示例性实施例中，蓄热器(Accum)安装在压缩机510与蒸发器540之间。
加热器芯610可以设置在室内空气调节单元的内部，并且加热器芯610可以连接到燃料电池堆A的冷却流体出口。
具体地，加热器芯610是被配置成加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部的部件，并且当加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部时，冷却流体可以通过接收由于燃料电池的发电而产生的余热被加热，并且加热器芯610可以通过加压后的环境空气与加热的冷却流体之间的热交换来加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部。
根据本发明的各种示例性实施例的集成热管理系统还可以包括冷却流体循环管线600，该冷却流体循环管线600被配置成使冷却流体通过水泵620循环到燃料电池堆A，冷却流体循环管线600的冷却流体在穿过燃料电池堆A之后经由控制阀630穿过加热器芯610和散热器640，已经通过加热器芯610的冷却流体的流可以与已经通过散热器640的流汇合，可以根据燃料电池堆A的操作状态和是否需要加热燃料电池交通工具的内部来控制控制阀630的打开，并且可以在室内空气调节单元内部设置电加热器650，当加热器芯610的温度不够高(例如低于预定温度时)，操作电加热器650。
具体地，当需要加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部时，使用来自燃料电池堆A的余热对燃料电池机动交通工具的内部进行加热，并且当加热器芯610的温度不够高(例如低于预定温度时)，可操作设置在室内空气调节单元内部的电加热器650以另外加热环境空气。
经由燃料电池堆A加热的冷却流体沿着冷却流体循环管线600流动，并且当需要加热燃料电池移动交通工具的内部时，可以通过经由分支管线635连接到加热器芯610的控制阀630将冷却流体排放到加热器芯610，或者当不需要加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部时，冷却流体可通过控制阀630供应到散热器640以被耗散。
可以根据是否需要加热燃料电池机动交通工具的内部来控制控制阀630的打开，并且也可以根据燃料电池堆A的操作来控制控制阀630的打开。
如从以上描述中可看出，根据本发明的各种示例性实施例的用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统可以减少对供应到燃料电池交通工具内部的乘客车厢的环境空气进行加压所需的鼓风机的数量和体积以及所消耗的功率量，从而该集成热管理系统被配置用于增加燃料电池机动交通工具的行驶范围。
在本发明的示例性实施例中，冷却剂储存器615安装在冷却流体循环管线600中、用于储存循环的冷却剂。
在本发明的示例性实施例中，冷却剂储存器615安装在冷却流体循环管线600中、位于加热器芯610和散热器640的下游。
在本发明的示例性实施例中，控制器连接到集成热管理系统的元件中的至少一个以控制其操作，该元件例如控制阀630、水泵620、电动马达300和调节器420。
此外，与例如“控制器”、“控制单元”、“控制装置”或“控制模块”等的控制装置相关的术语指的是包括存储器和处理器的硬件装置，该存储器和处理器被配置成执行解释为算法结构的一个或多个步骤。存储器存储算法步骤，并且处理器执行算该法步骤以执行根据本发明的各种示例性实施例的方法的一个或多个处理。根据本发明的示例性实施例的控制装置可以通过非易失性存储器和处理器来实现，非易失性存储器被配置成存储用于控制交通工具的各种部件的操作的算法或关于用于执行算法的软件命令的数据，并且处理器被配置成使用存储在存储器中的数据来执行上文描述的操作。存储器和处理器可以是单独的芯片。可替代地，存储器和处理器可集成在单个芯片中。处理器可以被实现为一个或多个处理器。处理器可以包括各种逻辑电路和操作电路，该处理器可以根据从存储器提供的程序处理数据，并且可以根据处理结果生成控制信号。
控制装置可以是由预定程序操作的至少一个微处理器，该预定程序可以包括用于执行在本发明的上述各种示例性实施例中公开的方法的一系列命令。
上述发明还可以实现为计算机可读记录介质上的计算机可读代码。计算机可读记录介质是能够存储随后可由计算机系统读取的数据的任何数据存储装置。计算机可读记录介质的示例包括硬盘驱动器(HDD)、固态盘(SSD)、硅磁盘驱动器(SDD)、只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、CD-ROM、磁带、软盘、光数据存储装置等、以及作为载波的实现方式(例如，通过互联网的传输)。
在本发明的示例性实施例中，上述每个操作可以由控制装置执行，并且控制装置可以被配置为多个控制装置或集成的单个控制装置。
在本发明的示例性实施例中，控制装置可以以硬件或软件的形式来实现、或者可以以硬件和软件的组合来实现。
为了便于所附权利要求中的解释和准确定义，术语“上部”、“下部”、“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”、“向上”、“向下”、“前”、“后”、“后部”、“内部”、“外部”、“向内”、“向外”，“里面”、“外面”、“内部的”、“外部的”、“向前”和“向后”用于参照附图中显示的示例性实施例的特征的位置来描述这些特征。应进一步理解，术语“连接”或其派生词指直接和间接连接。
已经出于说明和描述的目的呈现了本发明的特定示例性实施例的上述描述。它们不旨在是穷尽本发明或将本发明限于所公开的精确形式，并且显然根据以上教导，许多修改和变化是可能的。选择并描述了示例性实施例以解释本发明的某些原理及其实际应用，以使本领域的其他技术人员能够制造和利用本发明的各种示例性实施例及其各种替换和修改。本发明的范围旨在由所附权利要求及其等效物来限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于燃料电池机动交通工具的集成热管理系统，所述集成热管理系统包括：
氢气罐，被配置成储存供应给燃料电池堆的氢气；
第一涡轮，流体地连接到所述氢气罐并且通过从所述氢气罐排放的所述氢气的压力而旋转；
制冷剂循环管线，连接压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器，其中，制冷剂沿所述制冷剂循环管线循环；
第二涡轮，安装在所述制冷剂循环管线中并且通过由所述压缩机排放的所述制冷剂而旋转；以及
鼓风机，与所述第一涡轮、所述第二涡轮和电动马达中的至少一者接合，并且被配置成利用所述第一涡轮、所述第二涡轮和所述电动马达中的至少一者的旋转力来对环境空气加压，并且将加压后的所述环境空气供应至室内空气调节单元或所述燃料电池堆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的集成热管理系统，还包括连接到所述鼓风机的环境空气供应管线，
其中，加压后的所述环境空气流经所述环境空气供应管线，并且
其中，所述环境空气供应管线分支成燃料电池管线和空气调节管线，所述燃料电池管线连接到所述燃料电池堆，并且加压后的所述环境空气通过所述燃料电池管线供应到所述燃料电池堆并且通过所述空气调节管线供应到所述室内空气调节单元。
3.根据权利要求2所述的集成热管理系统，还包括：
调节器，连接到所述环境空气供应管线、所述燃料电池管线和所述空气调节管线，
其中，由所述调节器控制从所述鼓风机排放并供应至所述室内空气调节单元和所述燃料电池堆的加压后的所述环境空气的相应流速。
4.根据权利要求1所述的集成热管理系统，其中，当所述燃料电池堆发电时，所述鼓风机通过所述第一涡轮旋转，以对所述环境空气加压并且将加压后的所述环境空气供应到所述室内空气调节单元和所述燃料电池堆，并且当施加到所述环境空气的压力低于预定压力量时，所述电动马达额外运行以增大施加到所述环境空气的所述压力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的集成热管理系统，其中，当所述燃料电池机动交通工具的内部被冷却时，所述鼓风机通过所述第二涡轮旋转，以对所述环境空气加压并且将加压后的所述环境空气排放到所述燃料电池机动交通工具的所述内部。
6.根据权利要求1所述的集成热管理系统，其中，所述蒸发器设置在所述室内空气调节单元的内部，并且所述鼓风机被配置成将加压后的所述环境空气供应到所述室内空气调节单元。
7.根据权利要求6所述的集成热管理系统，其中，加热器芯设置在所述室内空气调节单元的所述内部，并且所述加热器芯连接到所述燃料电池堆的冷却流体出口。
8.根据权利要求7所述的集成热管理系统，还包括：
冷却流体循环管线，连接到所述燃料电池堆和泵，其中，冷却流体通过所述泵的操作经过所述冷却流体循环管线循环到所述燃料电池堆；
散热器和控制阀，连接到所述冷却流体循环管线；以及
分支管线，绕过所述散热器而连接所述控制阀、所述加热器芯和所述泵。
9.根据权利要求8所述的集成热管理系统，
其中，所述冷却流体循环管线的所述冷却流体在经过所述燃料电池堆之后，经由所述控制阀经过连接所述加热器芯与所述散热器的所述分支管线，并且
其中，绕过所述散热器而已经经过所述加热器芯的所述冷却流体的流与已经经过所述散热器的所述冷却流体的流汇合。
10.根据权利要求8所述的集成热管理系统，其中，根据所述燃料电池堆的操作状态以及根据是否需要加热所述燃料电池机动交通工具的内部来控制所述控制阀的打开。
11.根据权利要求7所述的集成热管理系统，其中，电加热器设置在所述室内空气调节单元的所述内部，并且所述电加热器在所述加热器芯的温度低于预定温度时运行。
12.根据权利要求8所述的集成热管理系统，其中，所述冷凝器和所述散热器彼此相邻地对准。
13.根据权利要求8所述的集成热管理系统，
其中，冷却剂储存器安装在所述冷却流体循环管线中、位于所述加热器芯和所述散热器的下游。
14.根据权利要求7所述的集成热管理系统，其中，空气调节管线连接到所述蒸发器、所述加热器芯和电加热器。
15.根据权利要求14所述的集成热管理系统，其中，所述电加热器在所述加热器芯的温度低于预定温度时运行。
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