CN114642487A

CN114642487A - Multidirectional head traction device

Info

Publication number: CN114642487A
Application number: CN202210274021.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王顺有
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-03-20
Filing date: 2022-03-20
Publication date: 2022-06-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a multidirectional head traction device, wherein a support frame is fixedly connected with an operating table, a servo motor can realize traction on the head of a patient, a first lifting column can move up and down and be positioned, a direction-adjusting frame is arranged at the upper end of the first lifting column and forms a revolute pair, a direct-drive motor can realize rotation and positioning of the direction-adjusting frame so as to change the traction direction on the head of the patient, a traction cylinder is arranged at the upper end of the direction-adjusting frame and forms a revolute pair, a movable rod is coaxially arranged in the traction cylinder and can move back and forth and rotate, a first pressure sensor arranged in the traction cylinder can monitor the traction force in real time, a second lifting column can move up and down and be positioned, a retainer is arranged at the upper end of the second lifting column through a rotating frame and a chute frame, has five spatial degrees of freedom and is connected with the head of the patient through a plurality of skull nails, a steel wire rope connects the movable rod with the retainer, a torsion column can be coaxially nested with the skull nails, and the skull nail can not loosen and fall off.

Description

Multidirectional head traction device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a multidirectional head traction device.

Background

With the development of society and the progress of human, more and more cervical vertebra injury patients are caused by traffic accidents, high-altitude falling and other reasons, the cervical vertebra injury is a common acute, dangerous and serious disease, particularly cervical vertebra fracture accompanied by joint dislocation and spinal cord injury, and the possibility of life danger and high paraplegia at any time is provided; as is well known, the cervical vertebra surgery has high difficulty and high risk, requires very high quality for each surgery link, is careless, and is very likely to cause surgery failure, paralysis is disabled at a low rate, and patients die quickly at a high rate.

Head traction is the first choice treatment method for treating cervical vertebra fracture and dislocation in clinic, especially for patients with spinal cord injury, and is also an important means for traction reduction before and during operation; the head traction is that the skull nail is fixed on the skull of a patient, and the traction device is formed by connecting a traction rope and a pulley with a weight, so that the traction force resists the force of spasm or contraction of limb muscles, and the purpose of fracture reduction or fixation is achieved; the traction direction should be consistent with the axial direction of the cervical vertebrae in principle, but needs to be slightly adjusted according to different dislocation types, for example, the traction direction of the cervical vertebrae front dislocation (i.e. the upper cervical vertebrae moves to the front of the lower cervical vertebrae) should be slightly deviated to the rear of the axial line, so that the traction force in the axial direction is available, and the component force is drawn backwards; similarly, 29309Hv of the cervical vertebra dislocation person, the leading direction should be slightly deviated to the front of the axis; when a patient with long-term lateral curvature of spine and solidification carries out reduction of cervical vertebra fracture, the lateral traction angle of the head of the patient needs to be adjusted according to the lateral curvature of spine; even in the case of partial craniocervical junction area malformation surgery, the patient needs to be changed from the supine position to the prone position, but most of the existing head traction devices are in a fixed form and cannot well meet the surgery requirements; in addition, the traditional head traction device adopts the skull nail to be connected with the head of a patient, the traditional skull nail needs to be screwed up every day in the process of postoperative care, the phenomenon that the traction object falls and the scalp is torn due to loosening and loosening is prevented, the workload of medical staff is increased, and in case of neglect, the serious injury to the patient is possibly caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multidirectional head traction device which can realize traction on the head of a patient at multiple angles and can solve the problem that a traditional fixed traction frame cannot rotate when the patient changes from a supine position to a prone position.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: multidirectional head draw gear, its characterized in that: a hollow groove is longitudinally formed in the middle of the support frame, the front end of the support frame is fixedly arranged on the lower side of one end of the operating bed, two longitudinally parallel guide rails are arranged on the upper side of the support frame, and the rack is fixedly arranged on the right side of the support frame; the first guide cylinder is arranged in a hollow groove of the support frame and forms a moving pair, and the servo motor is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the first guide cylinder and can drive the first guide cylinder to move through a gear and rack transmission structure so as to realize traction on the head of a patient; the first lifting column is arranged in the first guide cylinder and can move up and down and be positioned, the direction adjusting frame is arranged on the front side of the upper end of the first lifting column and forms a revolute pair, and the direct drive motor is arranged on the rear side of the upper end of the first lifting column and can realize the rotation and the positioning of the direction adjusting frame so as to change the traction direction of the head of a patient; the traction cylinder is arranged at the upper end of the direction-adjusting frame and forms a revolute pair, the movable rod is coaxially arranged in the traction cylinder and can move back and forth and rotate, the movable rod is connected with the steel wire rope, the first pressure sensor, the first thrust bearing and the spring are sequentially arranged in the traction cylinder from front to back, the traction cylinder can apply traction force to the steel wire rope through the spring, and the first pressure sensor can monitor the traction force in real time; the second guide cylinder is arranged in a hollow groove of the support frame and forms a sliding pair, the second lifting column is arranged in the second guide cylinder and can move up and down and be positioned, the sliding groove frame is rotatably connected with the upper end of the second lifting column, a second thrust bearing and a second pressure sensor are sequentially arranged between the sliding groove frame and the second lifting column from top to bottom, the second pressure sensor can monitor the supporting force on the head of a patient in real time, and the rotating frame is arranged at the upper end of the sliding groove frame and forms a rotating pair; a plurality of circular concave platforms are uniformly distributed at the front end of the retainer in the circumferential direction, each circular concave platform is provided with a threaded hole and fourteen positioning holes, the retainer is rotatably connected with the rotating frame, the rear end of the retainer is connected with a steel wire rope, skull nails are arranged in the threaded holes in the circular concave platforms to form a thread pair, and the skull nails realize the connection of the retainer and the head of a patient; the torsion column can be coaxially nested with the skull nail, an elastic energy storage part is arranged in the torsion column and can perform rotation stopping positioning through a positioning hole on the circular concave platform, and the elastic energy storage part always has the tendency of driving the skull nail to be screwed clockwise, so that the skull nail can be prevented from loosening and falling off.

Preferably, fourteen positioning holes are distributed at equal intervals in a circle by taking the corresponding threaded holes as centers.

Preferably, a regular hexagon nut is arranged at the right end of the skull nail, an inserted link at the left end of the skull nail is smaller than the small diameter of the threaded section, and transition is carried out between the inserted link and the threaded section through an inclined plane.

Preferably, the number of cranial nails is no less than four.

Preferably, when the body position of the patient changes, the height position of the head of the patient can be fluctuated inevitably, and in the process, the first lifting column and the second lifting column can dynamically move up and down according to the pressure monitored by the second pressure sensor and provide stable support and traction for the head of the patient all the time.

Preferably, the absolute value encoder is fixedly installed at the right end of the second sliding plate through a screw, and can monitor the position of the second guide cylinder in real time and transmit data to the control system.

Preferably, the torsion column mainly comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, elastic pieces and a positioning rod, wherein the inner cylinder is coaxially arranged inside the outer cylinder to form a revolute pair, the elastic energy storage component is composed of three elastic pieces made of elastic rubber, and the three elastic pieces are uniformly arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder in the circumferential direction.

Preferably, the outer side of the outer barrel is provided with anti-slip stripes, the bottom side of the outer barrel is provided with two positioning rods, and the two positioning rods can be inserted into two opposite positioning holes to realize the rotation stopping positioning of the outer barrel.

Preferably, the center of the inner cylinder is a regular hexagon hole, and the regular hexagon hole can be embedded and sleeved outside the screw cap, so that the inner cylinder and the skull nail form a rotating whole.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the retainer has five spatial degrees of freedom, wherein the retainer is rotationally connected with the rotating frame to form a transverse axis rotational degree of freedom, the rotating frame is rotationally connected with the chute frame to form a longitudinal axis rotational degree of freedom, the chute frame is rotationally connected with the second lifting column to form a vertical axis rotational degree of freedom, the lifting action of the second lifting column forms a vertical axis moving degree of freedom, and the back and forth movement of the second guide cylinder forms a longitudinal axis moving degree of freedom; the rich freedom degree can lead the retainer to realize multidirectional traction on the head of the patient; the first thrust bearing can transmit the axial pressure of the movable rod and can avoid the damage to the first pressure sensor when the movable rod rotates, the first pressure sensor can monitor the traction force on the head of a patient in real time and transmit the pressure value to the control system, so that the operation data can be conveniently quantized, and meanwhile, the damage to the patient caused by overlarge traction force can be avoided; the second pressure sensor can monitor the supporting force on the head of the patient in real time, and the first lifting column and the second lifting column can move up and down dynamically according to the pressure monitored by the second pressure sensor and provide stable support and traction for the head of the patient; EXAMPLE V: when a patient needs to change between a supine position and a prone position, the head of the patient can rotate with the body, in the process, the holder drives the rotating frame to rotate along the longitudinal axis, and then the universal joint, the steel wire rope, the moving rod, the spring and the first thrust bearing rotate, and the first pressure sensor can be prevented from being damaged by torsion due to the action of the first thrust bearing; the traction cylinder applies tension to the steel wire rope through the spring, so that the compression amount of the spring can be changed by controlling the movement amount of the traction cylinder, and the traction force is adjusted, namely the traction force is controlled by controlling the movement amount, so that the traction force is easy to accurately control and maintain; sixthly, the small diameter of the thread section of the skull nail is larger than the diameter of the drilled hole, so that the inclined plane can be tightly pressed at the outer end of the drilled hole, and the four skull nails are circumferentially distributed and are connected with the skull of the patient together, thereby not only realizing the fixation of the head of the patient, but also preventing the skull nail from excessively rotating deeply to cause irreversible damage to the patient; and seventhly, after the skull nail is screwed, a regular hexagonal hole in the center of the inner cylinder of the torsion column can be sleeved outside the screw cap, the outer cylinder is pressed downwards after the rotary outer cylinder rotates clockwise for a certain angle, the two positioning rods are inserted into the positioning holes, and the three elastic sheets are stretched in the process, so that the inner cylinder always has the tendency of driving the skull nail to be screwed clockwise under the action of the tensile force of the three elastic sheets, and the skull nail can be prevented from loosening and falling off.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial sectional enlarged structure diagram of the position of the guide cylinder.

Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional enlarged structural diagram of the position of the chute frame.

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the position of the cage.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a cranial nail.

Fig. 6 is a partial sectional view of the torsion bar.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the torsion column.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a state when the vehicle is pulled downward to the right.

Reference numerals: the device comprises a support frame 1, a guide rail 1.1, a first guide cylinder 2, a first sliding plate 2.1, a first gear 3, a second guide cylinder 4, a second sliding plate 4.1, a second gear 5, an absolute value encoder 6, a rack 7, an operating table 8, a twisting column 9, an outer cylinder 9.1, an inner cylinder 9.2, an elastic sheet 9.3, a positioning rod 9.4, a retainer 10, a threaded hole 10.1, a positioning hole 10.2, a rotating shaft 10.3, a supporting rod 10.4, a circular table 10.5, a rotating frame 11, an annular guide rail 11.1, a universal joint 12, a steel wire rope 13, a traction cylinder 14, a direction adjusting frame 15, a direct-drive motor 16, a first lifting column 17, a servo motor 18, a second lifting column 19, a spring 20, a first thrust bearing 21, a first pressure sensor 22, a moving rod 23.1, a pressing plate 24, a sliding groove frame 25, a second thrust bearing 26, a second pressure sensor, a bone nail 27.1, a 27.2 insertion rod 27.2, a locking screw cap 27.3 and a skull-inclined plane 28.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

As shown in figure 1, the multi-directional head traction device mainly comprises a support frame 1, a first guide cylinder 2, a first gear 3, a second guide cylinder 4, a second gear 5, an absolute value encoder 6, a rack 7, a torsion column 9, a retainer 10, a rotating frame 11, a traction cylinder 14, a direction adjusting frame 15, a first lifting column 17, a second lifting column 19, a spring 20, a first thrust bearing 21, a first pressure sensor 22, a moving rod 23, a sliding groove frame 24, a second thrust bearing 25, a second pressure sensor 26 and a skull nail 27, wherein the front end of the support frame 1 is fixedly arranged at the lower side of one end of the operating bed 8 through screws, the rear end of the support frame 1 is of a horizontal structure, a hollow groove is longitudinally formed in the middle position of the support frame, two guide rails 1.1 are arranged on the upper side of the support frame 1, the two guide rails 1.1 are longitudinally arranged in parallel, a rack 7 is fixedly arranged on the right side of the support frame 1, and the rack 7 is arranged in parallel with the two guide rails 1.1; the first guide cylinder 2 is square, a square cavity is vertically arranged in the first guide cylinder, a first sliding plate 2.1 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the first guide cylinder 2, the first sliding plate 2.1 is of a transversely arranged plate-shaped structure, two sliding blocks are fixedly arranged at the lower side of the first sliding plate 2.1 through screws, and the two sliding blocks are respectively matched with the two guide rails 1.1 to form a moving pair; the servo motor 18 is internally integrated with an encoder and a brake, so that accurate angle rotation and locking positioning can be realized, the servo motor 18 is fixedly arranged at the right end of the first sliding plate 2.1 through a screw, the first gear 3 is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the servo motor 18, and the first gear 3 is meshed with the rack 7 to form a gear-rack transmission structure, so that the servo motor 18 can realize the front and back movement and positioning of the first guide cylinder 2 through the gear-rack transmission structure; the lower end of the first lifting column 17 is of a square structure, the cross section of the square structure is the same as that of a square cavity in the first guide cylinder 2, the first lifting column 17 is arranged in the square cavity in the first guide cylinder 2 to form a moving pair, an electric lifting structure is arranged in the first guide cylinder 2 and can realize the up-and-down movement and positioning of the first lifting column 17, the upper end of the first lifting column 17 is provided with a horizontal longitudinal disc structure, an encoder and a brake are integrated in the direct drive motor 16 to realize accurate angle rotation and locking positioning, the direct drive motor 16 is fixedly arranged at the rear side of the disc structure at the upper end of the first lifting column 17 through screws, the lower end of the direction adjusting frame 15 is provided with a circular shaft structure, and the circular shaft structure is arranged at the front side of the disc structure at the upper end of the first lifting column 17 to form a rotating pair, meanwhile, the circular shaft structure is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the direct drive motor 16, so that the direct drive motor 16 can realize the rotation and the positioning of the direction adjusting frame 15; the upper end of the direction adjusting frame 15 is provided with a Y-shaped structure, and the upper end of the Y-shaped structure is transversely provided with two coaxial round holes.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, two coaxial cylindrical short shafts are arranged on the outer side of the traction cylinder 14, the two cylindrical short shafts are coaxially mounted with two coaxial circular holes at the upper end of the Y-shaped structure on the direction-adjusting frame 15 respectively to form a revolute pair, a smooth cylindrical cavity is arranged in the traction cylinder 14, and a smooth circular hole is arranged at the center of the front end of the cylindrical cavity; the first pressure sensor 22 is a pressure sensor with a ring structure, the first pressure sensor 22 and the first thrust bearing 21 are coaxially arranged at the front end inside the traction cylinder 14, and the first thrust bearing 21 is positioned at the rear side of the first pressure sensor 22; the moving rod 23 is of a cylindrical structure, a circular pressing plate 23.1 is arranged at the rear end of the moving rod, the moving rod 23 is coaxially arranged in a smooth circular hole at the front end of the traction cylinder 14 and can move back and forth and rotate, meanwhile, the pressing plate 23.1 is positioned in a cylindrical cavity in the traction cylinder 14, and the front end of the moving rod 23 is fixedly connected with the rear end of the steel wire rope 13; the spring 20 is installed in the cylindrical cavity in the traction cylinder 14, and the front end of the spring 20 presses the rear side of the first thrust bearing 21, and the rear end of the spring 20 presses the front side of the pressure plate 23.1, so that the first pressure sensor 22 can monitor the axial pressure from the spring 20 in real time, namely the traction force during the traction process of the head of the patient.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the second guide cylinder 4 is square, a square cavity is vertically arranged in the second guide cylinder 4, a second sliding plate 4.1 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the second guide cylinder 4, the second sliding plate 4.1 is of a transversely arranged plate-shaped structure, two sliding blocks are fixedly arranged at the lower side of the second sliding plate 4.1 through screws, and the two sliding blocks are respectively matched with the two guide rails 1.1 to form a sliding pair; the absolute value encoder 6 is fixedly arranged at the right end of the second sliding plate 4.1 through a screw, the second gear 5 is coaxially and fixedly connected with an input shaft of the absolute value encoder 6, and the second gear 5 is meshed with the rack 7 to form a gear-rack transmission structure, so that the absolute value encoder 6 can monitor the position of the second guide cylinder 4 in real time and transmit position information to a control system; the lower end of the second lifting column 19 is of a square structure, the size of the cross section of the square structure is the same as that of the cross section of the square cavity in the second guide cylinder 4, the second lifting column 19 is installed in the square cavity in the second guide cylinder 4 and forms a moving pair, and an electric lifting structure is arranged in the second guide cylinder 4 and can realize the up-down movement and the positioning of the second lifting column 19; the upper end of the sliding chute frame 24 is of a transversely arranged arc surface structure, an arc groove is circumferentially arranged on the inner side of the arc surface structure, the cross section of the arc groove is of an inverted T-shaped structure, a locking screw hole is arranged at the right end of the sliding chute frame 24 and is communicated with the arc groove at the upper end of the sliding chute frame 24, the lower end of the locking wheel 28 is of a circular hand wheel structure, the upper end of the locking wheel 28 is of a thread structure, and the locking wheel 28 and the locking screw hole at the right end of the sliding chute frame 24 are coaxially arranged and form a thread pair; the lower end of the sliding groove frame 24 is mounted at the upper end of the second lifting column 19 and forms a rotating pair, the second pressure sensor 26 is a pressure sensor with a ring structure, the second thrust bearing 25 and the second pressure sensor 26 are coaxially mounted between the sliding groove frame 24 and the second lifting column 19, and the second thrust bearing 25 is positioned on the upper side of the second pressure sensor 26, so that the second pressure sensor 26 can monitor the axial pressure from the sliding groove frame 24 in real time.

As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the rotating frame 11 is a circular ring-shaped structure, two coaxial circular holes are transversely arranged at the front end of the rotating frame 11, an annular guide rail 11.1 is circumferentially arranged outside the rotating frame 11, the cross section of the annular guide rail 11.1 is a T-shaped structure, the cross section size of the T-shaped structure is the same as that of the circular arc groove at the upper end of the chute frame 24, the rotating frame 11 is mounted at the upper end of the chute frame 24, and the annular guide rail 11.1 and the circular arc groove at the upper end of the chute frame 24 are mounted in a matching manner, so that the rotating frame 11 can freely rotate relative to the chute frame 24; turning the locking wheel 28 clockwise causes its upper end to press against the endless guide track 11.1, thereby locking the turret 11 against rotation.

As shown in fig. 4, the holder 10 is of a circular ring structure, two support rods 10.4 are arranged at the rear end of the holder, the two support rods 10.4 converge at the rear end of the circular truncated cone 10.5, the central axis of the circular truncated cone 10.5 coincides with the central axis of the holder 10, two coaxial rotating shafts 10.3 are transversely arranged outside the two support rods 10.4, the two rotating shafts 10.3 are respectively and coaxially and rotatably connected with two round holes at the front end of the rotating frame 11, a plurality of threaded holes 10.1 are circumferentially arranged at equal intervals at the front end of the holder 10, the axis of each threaded hole 10.1 is the radial direction of the holder 10, a circular concave platform is arranged at the outer end of each threaded hole 10.1, fourteen positioning holes 10.2 are arranged on each concave platform, and the fourteen positioning holes 10.2 are circularly and equidistantly distributed by taking the corresponding threaded holes 10.1 as centers.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the front end of the universal joint 12 is fixedly mounted at the rear end of the circular truncated cone 10.5, and the rear end of the universal joint 12 is fixedly connected with the front end of the steel wire rope 13, so that when the servo motor 18 drives the first guide cylinder 2 to move backwards, the traction cylinder 14 moves backwards and compresses the spring 20 through the first thrust bearing 21 and the first pressure sensor 22, and therefore the first pressure sensor 22 can monitor the traction force on the head of a patient in real time and feed back the value to the control system in real time.

As shown in fig. 5, the skull nail 27 is provided with threads, the right end of the skull nail 27 is provided with a nut 27.1, the nut 27.1 is in a regular hexagon structure, the end surface of the nut 27.1 is provided with a cross-shaped groove structure capable of being connected with a screwdriver, the left end of the skull nail 27 is provided with an inserted link 27.2, the diameter of the inserted link 27.2 is smaller than the small diameter of the thread section of the skull nail 27, and the inserted link 27.2 is in transition with the thread section through an inclined plane 27.3.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the torsion column 9 is a cylindrical structure, the torsion column 9 mainly includes an outer cylinder 9.1, an inner cylinder 9.2, elastic pieces 9.3, and a positioning rod 9.4, wherein the inner cylinder 9.2 is coaxially installed inside the outer cylinder 9.1 and forms a revolute pair, the elastic pieces 9.3 are sheet-shaped structures made of elastic rubber, the three elastic pieces 9.3 are uniformly and circumferentially installed between the inner cylinder 9.2 and the outer cylinder 9.1, and one end of each elastic piece 9.3 is fixedly connected with the outer side surface of the inner cylinder 9.2, and the other end is fixedly connected with the inner side surface of the outer cylinder 9.1; the center of the inner cylinder 9.2 is a regular hexagonal hole, and the size of the regular hexagonal hole is slightly larger than that of the regular hexagonal structure of the screw cap 27.1; the outer side of the outer barrel 9.1 is provided with anti-skid stripes, the bottom side of the outer barrel 9.1 is provided with two positioning rods 9.4, the diameter of each positioning rod 9.4 is slightly smaller than that of each positioning hole 10.2, and the positions of the two positioning rods 9.4 are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the torsion column 9.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the skull nail 27 can be installed in the threaded hole 10.1 and form a thread pair, the insertion rod 27.2 can be inserted into a drilled hole on the skull by rotating the screw cap 27.1 clockwise, the small diameter of the thread section of the skull nail 27 is larger than the diameter of the drilled hole, so that the inclined surface 27.3 can be pressed on the outer end of the drilled hole, the four skull nails 27 are circumferentially distributed and are connected with the skull of a patient together, not only can the head of the patient be fixed, but also the skull nail 27 can be prevented from being excessively deeply screwed to cause irreversible damage to the patient; after the skull nail 27 is screwed, a regular hexagon hole in the center of an inner cylinder 9.2 of the torsion column 9 is sleeved outside a screw cap 27.1, the rotary outer cylinder 9.1 is rotated clockwise by a certain angle and then the outer cylinder 9.1 is pressed downwards, so that two positioning rods 9.4 are inserted into the positioning holes 10.2, and in the process, three elastic sheets 9.3 are stretched, and therefore, under the action of the tensile force of the three elastic sheets 9.3, the inner cylinder 9.2 always has the tendency of driving the skull nail 27 to be screwed clockwise, and the skull nail 27 can be prevented from loosening and falling off.

The first embodiment is as follows: a plurality of threaded holes 10.1 are circumferentially arranged on the retainer 10 at equal intervals, and the four skull nails 27 can be used for fixing the head of a patient by adopting proper positioning points according to the actual conditions of different patients.

Example two: the retainer 10 has five spatial degrees of freedom, wherein the retainer 10 is rotationally connected with the rotating frame 11 to form a transverse axis rotational degree of freedom, the rotating frame 11 is rotationally connected with the sliding groove frame 24 to form a longitudinal axis rotational degree of freedom, the sliding groove frame 24 is rotationally connected with the second lifting column 19 to form a vertical axis rotational degree of freedom, the lifting action of the second lifting column 19 forms a vertical axis moving degree of freedom, and the back and forth movement of the second guide cylinder 4 forms a longitudinal axis moving degree of freedom; the rich freedom allows the holder 10 to achieve multi-directional traction on the patient's head.

Example three: the servo motor 18 drives the first guide cylinder 2 to move backwards so as to enable the steel wire rope 13 to achieve traction on the retainer 10; when the direction-adjusting frame 15 is in a vertical state and the traction cylinder 14 and the rotating frame 11 are coaxial, the longitudinal axis traction can be realized on the head of the patient; when the direction-adjusting frame 15 is in a vertical state and the traction cylinder 14 is higher than the axis of the rotating frame 11, the retainer 10 can be deflected upwards, and the traction deflected upwards is further realized on the head of the patient; when the direction-adjusting frame 15 is in a vertical state and the traction cylinder 14 is lower than the axis of the rotating frame 11, the retainer 10 can be deflected downwards, and then the downward-deflected traction is realized on the head of the patient; when the direction-adjusting frame 15 rotates leftwards, the chute frame 24 and the retainer 10 can deflect leftwards, and the head of the patient is further dragged to deflect leftwards; when the direction-adjusting frame 15 rotates rightwards, the chute frame 24 and the retainer 10 can deflect rightwards, and then the head of the patient is dragged towards the right.

Example four: the second lifting column 19 can adjust the supporting height of the head of the patient, the second pressure sensor 26 can monitor the supporting force of the head of the patient in real time, and after stable support is formed, the control system can set the pressure value measured by the second pressure sensor 26 as a standard value A; when the pressure value detected by the second pressure sensor 26 is smaller than a, the second lifting column 19 can be lifted upwards until the pressure value detected by the second pressure sensor 26 is equal to a, and in the process, the first lifting column 17 and the second lifting column 19 always keep the same relative height position; when the pressure value detected by the second pressure sensor 26 is greater than a, the second lifting column 19 can be lowered downwards until the pressure value detected by the second pressure sensor 26 is equal to a, and in the process, the first lifting column 17 and the second lifting column 19 always keep the same relative height position; therefore, when the body position of the patient is changed in the operation, the height position of the head of the patient is inevitably fluctuated, and in the process, the first lifting column 17 and the second lifting column 19 can be dynamically moved up and down according to the pressure monitored by the second pressure sensor 26 all the time, and stable support and traction are provided for the head of the patient all the time.

Example five: when the patient needs to change between the supine position and the prone position, the head of the patient can rotate with the body, the locking wheel 27 is firstly unscrewed anticlockwise before the patient is turned over, the rotating frame 11 can rotate freely, in the process of turning the patient, the retainer 10 can drive the rotating frame 11 to rotate freely along the longitudinal axis, in the process, the universal joint 12, the steel wire rope 13, the moving rod 23, the spring 20 and the first thrust bearing 21 rotate, and the first pressure sensor 22 can be prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the first thrust bearing 21 acts on the first pressure sensor.

Example six: the absolute value encoder 6 can monitor the position of the second guide cylinder 4 in real time and transmit data to the control system, so that the servo motor 18 can move back and forth, the first guide cylinder 2 and the second guide cylinder 4 always have a certain distance, and equipment collision damage is avoided.

Claims

1. Multidirectional head draw gear, its characterized in that mainly includes:

the middle position of the support frame is longitudinally provided with a hollow groove, the front end of the support frame is fixedly arranged at the lower side of one end of the operating bed, the upper side of the support frame is provided with two longitudinally parallel guide rails, and the rack is fixedly arranged at the right side of the support frame;

the servo motor is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the first guide cylinder and can drive the first guide cylinder to move through a gear and rack transmission structure so as to realize traction on the head of a patient;

the first lifting column is arranged in the first guide cylinder and can move up and down and be positioned, the direction adjusting frame is arranged on the front side of the upper end of the first lifting column and forms a revolute pair, and the direct drive motor is arranged on the rear side of the upper end of the first lifting column and can realize the rotation and the positioning of the direction adjusting frame so as to change the traction direction of the head of a patient;

the traction cylinder is arranged at the upper end of the direction-adjusting frame and forms a revolute pair, the movable rod is coaxially arranged in the traction cylinder and can move back and forth and rotate, the movable rod is connected with the steel wire rope, the first pressure sensor, the first thrust bearing and the spring are sequentially arranged in the traction cylinder from front to back, the traction cylinder can apply traction force to the steel wire rope through the spring, and the first pressure sensor can monitor the traction force in real time;

the second guide cylinder is arranged in the empty groove of the support frame and forms a sliding pair, the second lifting column is arranged in the second guide cylinder and can move up and down and be positioned, the sliding groove frame is rotatably connected with the upper end of the second lifting column, a second thrust bearing and a second pressure sensor are sequentially arranged between the sliding groove frame and the second lifting column from top to bottom, the second pressure sensor can monitor the supporting force on the head of a patient in real time, and the rotating frame is arranged at the upper end of the sliding groove frame and forms a rotating pair;

the skull nail is arranged in the threaded hole on the circular concave platform to form a thread pair, and the skull nail realizes the connection of the holder and the head of a patient;

the torsion column can be coaxially nested with the skull nail, the elastic energy storage part is arranged in the torsion column and can perform rotation stopping positioning through the positioning hole on the circular concave platform, and the elastic energy storage part always has the tendency of driving the skull nail to be screwed clockwise, so that the skull nail can be prevented from loosening and falling off.

2. The multidirectional head traction device as in claim 1, wherein: the fourteen positioning holes are distributed in a circular equidistant mode by taking the corresponding threaded holes as centers.

3. The multidirectional head traction device as in claim 1, wherein: the right end of the skull nail is provided with a regular hexagon nut, an inserted link at the left end of the skull nail is smaller than the small diameter of the threaded section, and transition is carried out between the inserted link and the threaded section through an inclined plane.

4. The multidirectional head traction device as in claim 1, wherein: the number of the skull nails is not less than four.

5. The multidirectional head traction device as in claim 1, wherein: when the position of the patient changes, the height position of the head of the patient can fluctuate inevitably, and in the process, the first lifting column and the second lifting column can move up and down dynamically according to the pressure monitored by the second pressure sensor, and provide stable support and traction for the head of the patient all the time.

6. The multidirectional head traction device as in claim 1, wherein: the absolute value encoder is fixedly arranged at the right end of the second sliding plate through a screw, and can monitor the position of the second guide cylinder in real time and transmit data to the control system.

7. The multidirectional head traction device as in claim 1, wherein: the torsion column mainly comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, elastic pieces and a positioning rod, wherein the inner cylinder is coaxially arranged inside the outer cylinder to form a revolute pair, the elastic energy storage component is composed of three elastic pieces made of elastic rubber, and the three elastic pieces are uniformly distributed and arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder in the circumferential direction.

8. The multidirectional head traction device as in claim 7, wherein: the outer side of the outer barrel is provided with anti-slip stripes, the bottom side of the outer barrel is provided with two positioning rods, and the two positioning rods can be inserted into two opposite positioning holes to realize rotation stopping positioning of the outer barrel.

9. The multidirectional head traction device as in claim 7, wherein: the center of the inner cylinder is a regular hexagon hole, and the regular hexagon hole can be embedded and sleeved outside the screw cap, so that the inner cylinder and the skull nail form a rotating whole.