CN114642185A - Semi-circulating industrial culture method for Babylonia - Google Patents
Semi-circulating industrial culture method for Babylonia Download PDFInfo
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- CN114642185A CN114642185A CN202210294654.4A CN202210294654A CN114642185A CN 114642185 A CN114642185 A CN 114642185A CN 202210294654 A CN202210294654 A CN 202210294654A CN 114642185 A CN114642185 A CN 114642185A
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- 241000606434 Babylonia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000003913 Coccoloba uvifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 240000009212 Coccoloba uvifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000920062 Babylonia areolata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 12
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 12
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241001290352 Caulerpa racemosa Species 0.000 description 4
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000606431 Babylonia lutosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255783 Bombycidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001018563 Nekemias grossedentata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238003 Neogastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000605159 Nitrobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000108664 Nitrobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010047400 Vibrio infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a semi-circulating industrial culture method of Babylonia, which is characterized in that natural seawater is extracted to a sand filter tank through a sand filter well for treatment, and then enters a culture tank for culturing Babylonia after being subjected to ultraviolet disinfection, biological ball treatment tank treatment and sea grape treatment tank treatment; nitrifying bacteria and bacillus are inoculated in the biological ball treatment tank; inoculating vibrio bacteria grams in the sea grape treatment tank; when water is changed, part of the culture water in the culture pond is discharged as tail water, and the rest culture water is reused after being treated. The semi-circulating water culture mode can be used for culturing two Babylonia areolata and Babylonia mudata, and can effectively improve water quality and reduce pollution discharge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to culture of Babylonia.
Background
Babylonia areolata and Babylonia lutosa (Lamark) belong to the phylum Mollusca (Mollusca), Gastropoda (Gastropoda), Progilomyia (Prosobrachia), Neogastropoda (Neobranchia), and Bombycidae (Bucciidae). The two have the advantages of short culture period, simple facility, strong disease resistance, capability of high-density culture and the like, and become shellfish varieties with higher economic value for southern culture. However, in recent years, with the increase of the culture scale and the increase of the culture density, the culture diseases become more serious. Meanwhile, the environment protection requires reduction of the breeding discharge capacity. Therefore, improvement of the current Babylonia culture method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a semi-circulating industrial culture method for Babylonia. The semi-circulating water culture mode can be used for culturing two Babylonia, effectively improves water quality and reduces pollution discharge.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a semi-circulating industrial culture method for Babylonia includes: extracting natural seawater to a sand layer filtering tank through a sand filtering well for treatment, and then, after ultraviolet disinfection, biological ball treatment and sea grape treatment, allowing the natural seawater to enter a culture pond for culturing Babylonia; nitrifying bacteria and bacillus are inoculated in the biological ball treatment tank; inoculating vibrio bacteria grams in the sea grape treatment tank; when water is changed, part of the aquaculture water in the aquaculture pond is discharged as tail water, the rest part of the aquaculture water is treated by the protein separator, enters the sand layer filtering pond again to be mixed with the natural seawater, and enters the aquaculture pond after being subjected to ultraviolet disinfection, biological ball treatment and sea grape treatment, so that semi-circulation aquaculture jointly performed by the natural seawater and the rest aquaculture water is realized.
In one embodiment, the Babylonia comprises Babylonia squarrosa or Babylonia mudagrica.
Furthermore, the young Babylonia is juvenile mollusk with shell length of 3.5-4.5 mm.
Preferably, the culture density of the Babylonia in the culture pond is 780-820 grains per square meter.
Furthermore, the culture mode of Babylonia is running water culture, and the flow rate is controlled to be 3-5 flows (circulation) every day.
Furthermore, the feeding amount of the bait of the Babylonia is 6-8% of the weight of the Babylonia, and the bait is white squid for example.
Preferably, the water changing time is carried out after bait feeding every morning, and the water changing amount is only needed to be free of exposing a sand layer.
Preferably, when water is changed, half of the culture water in the culture pond is discharged as tail water, and the rest half of the culture water is treated by the protein separator, enters the sand layer filter pond again to be mixed with natural seawater, is subjected to ultraviolet disinfection, is treated by the biological ball treatment pond, and enters the culture pond after being treated by the sea grape treatment pond.
The equipment, reagents, processes, parameters and the like related to the invention are conventional equipment, reagents, processes, parameters and the like except for special description, and no embodiment is needed.
All ranges recited herein include all point values within the range.
As used herein, "about" or "about" and the like refer to a range or value within 10% of the stated range or value.
Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
(1) except sand filtration and ultraviolet disinfection, the invention uses microorganisms and sea grapes to treat seawater entering a culture pond, maintains the healthy microbial environment of culture water, kills pathogenic vibrios harmful to shellfish culture and prevents the outbreak of culture diseases;
(2) part of the aquaculture water enters the aquaculture water body again for circulation after being treated by the protein separator, the microorganisms and the sea grapes, so that on one hand, the pollution emission of the aquaculture tail water is reduced, on the other hand, the stability of the flora in the aquaculture water body is maintained, and the influence of the change of the open sea water on the aquaculture system is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a test pond water treatment method in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The experiment of this example was conducted at the research base of oceanic and fishery academy of sciences in Hainan province. The test time ranged from 2021, 7 months, 20 days to 10 months, 28 days. The cultivated species is Babylonia.
Materials and methods
1. Test facility
1.1 cultivation facility
8 indoor cement ponds of 5 meters multiplied by 1 meter are adopted as culture ponds in the test. No. 1-6 is used as a test pool, and No. 7-8 is used as a reference pool.
1.2 Water treatment facilities:
1.2.1 control group seawater treatment method:
extracting natural seawater to a sand layer filtering tank through a sand filtering well, then feeding the seawater to a culture pond, enabling the seawater to flow in the whole process of culture, controlling the depth of the water level of the culture pond to be about 0.4-0.5 m, feeding baits in the morning every day, changing water, discharging all culture water in the pond as tail water, and supplementing new water to the control water level.
1.2.2 test group Water treatment methods:
as shown in fig. 1: the open sea natural seawater is extracted to a sand filter tank through a sand filter well, enters a biological ball treatment tank after being disinfected by ultraviolet rays, and then enters a culture tank after being treated by a sea grape treatment tank. Wherein nitrifying bacteria and bacillus are inoculated in the biological ball treatment tank, and vibrio bacteria are inoculated in the ampelopsis grossedentata treatment tank. The test pond is changed after bait feeding every morning, and half of the culture water is used as tail water for treatment and then discharged; and after the water is clear, supplementing the water to the culture pond to control the water level, and realizing that the natural seawater and the residual culture water jointly carry out partial circulating water culture.
2. Mud Babylonia
The offspring seeds are from parent snails cultivated in the base, and are subjected to spawning, larva cultivation and rough marking to obtain juvenile mollusks with the shell length of 4 mm.
3. Cultivation management of mud Babylonia
3.1 Density of cultivation
The culture density of each pond is 800 grains per square meter.
3.2 feeding
And small white squids are fed in the whole course of the test period, the feeding amount of the small white squids accounts for about 7% of the weight of the Babylonia areolata, and no bait is left within 20 minutes after feeding.
3.3 Water flow control
And changing water 30 minutes after bait casting until the sand layer is not exposed. Then, running water culture is carried out, and the flow water amount is controlled to be about 4 processes every day.
4. Vibrio content and total bacteria amount detection
Mainly detects the content of vibrio and bacteria in water near the sand layer at the drainage port of the culture pond. The determination of vibrio amount is carried out by TCBS culture method, taking water sample on site, and diluting to 1, 10 by aseptic seawater-1、10-2100 μ L of each gradient was plated on TCBS agar plates in 3 replicates per gradient. And (3) culturing the inoculated flat plate at the constant temperature of 28 ℃ for 48h, selecting the average colony number within 30-300 as an effective colony, and counting the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU). The total number of bacteria is determined according to the 7 th part of national standard GB 17378.7-2007 ocean monitoring Specification, a plate counting method is adopted, a 2216E agar culture medium is used, and a water sample is taken on site to be diluted to 1 and 10 in a gradient manner-1、10-2Each gradient was applied to a 100. mu.L coated plate, with 3 replicates per gradient. And (3) culturing the inoculated plate at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 7d, taking the average colony number of 30-300 as an effective colony, and counting the number of CFU.
5. Birth rate measurement
And (4) releasing seedlings at 7-month and 15-day 2021, measuring two groups of the test group and the control group respectively, randomly measuring 30 babylonia during each group, and averaging.
Second, test results
1. Growth rate
TABLE 1 growth rates of test group and control group
The growth speed of the Babylonia is not obviously different between the semi-circulating water culture and the conventional culture method from the culture of 7-20 days in 2021 to the culture of three months in 10-20 days.
2. Vibrio detection
TABLE 2 bacteria content of test group and control group
The content of vibrio and total bacteria in the test group is obviously lower than that in the control group, and the total amount of vibrio and bacteria in the control group is continuously improved and the culture risk is continuously increased along with the extension of culture time.
Third, discussion and analysis
1. Inoculation of beneficial bacteria by biological filter ball
In the embodiment, the test group is mainly inoculated with bacillus and nitrobacter to play roles in reducing ammonia nitrogen in water and increasing beneficial bacteria for breeding water. The biological filter ball (also called biological ball, biochemical ball, bacteria culture ball, etc.) is a hollow ball made of plastic, etc., and has large surface area, and can be attached with a large amount of nitrobacteria, bacillus, etc. To prevent the beneficial bacteria from aging and dying, the test group was supplemented with the bacteria once in 3 days.
2. Culture of sea grape in sea grape culture pond and selection of inoculated bacteria
The culture area and the amount of the sea grapes are related to the amount of ammonia nitrogen, weather and water temperature generated in the culture, the weather with higher water temperature is good in illumination, the growth speed of the sea grapes is high, and the effect of decomposing the ammonia nitrogen is good. In addition, the strains inoculated in the sea grape treatment tank of the experimental group in the embodiment are beneficial bacterial strains of vibrio, namely vibrio bacteria gram, aiming at the main breeding diseases of Babylonia, and the vibrio can be effectively killed. The test group of the embodiment uses the sea grape as a carrier of main bacteria, on one hand, the sea grape has strong capability of treating ammonia nitrogen, and meanwhile, the sea grape contains higher polysaccharide and larger surface area, so that the fast growth of beneficial bacteria is guaranteed.
3. The growth of disease bacteria is effectively inhibited by the utilization of ultraviolet disinfection equipment and the mass propagation of beneficial bacteria. The recycling of part of the culture water not only improves the utilization rate of the water, but also reduces external sources of diseases to a certain extent.
4. The control group of babylonia areolata cultured for 3 months all died. The cultivation result is basically consistent with that of the national research base in 2020, 20 ponds are cultivated for 7-month mud Babylonia during seedling setting, 40 ten thousand seedlings are cultivated in one month, and all the seedlings die in 8 months and 12 hours. At present, the experimental group of the embodiment utilizes the ultraviolet disinfection equipment and the semi-circulating water culture mode to culture the Babylonia in the 3 months of 2022, and the healthy growth is still realized, so that the culture method of the experimental group of the embodiment is verified to be practical.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and all equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the present invention and the content of the description should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A semi-circulating industrial culture method for Babylonia is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: extracting natural seawater to a sand layer filtering tank through a sand filtering well for treatment, and then, after ultraviolet disinfection, biological ball treatment and sea grape treatment, allowing the natural seawater to enter a culture pond for culturing Babylonia; nitrifying bacteria and bacillus are inoculated in the biological ball treatment tank; inoculating vibrio bacteria grams in the sea grape treatment tank; when water is changed, part of the culture water in the culture pond is discharged as tail water, and the rest of the culture water is treated by the protein separator, enters the sand layer filter pond again to be mixed with natural seawater, is subjected to ultraviolet disinfection, is treated by the biological ball treatment pond, and enters the culture pond after being treated by the sea grape treatment pond.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the Babylonia comprises Babylonia areolata or Babylonia mud.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the young Babylonia areolata is juvenile mollusk with shell length of 3.5-4.5 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the culture density of the Babylonia in the culture pond is 780-820 grains per square meter.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the culture mode of Babylonia is running water culture, and the running water quantity is controlled to be 3-5 processes every day.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the bait feeding amount of Babylonia is 6-8% of the weight of Babylonia.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the bait of Babylonia is white squid.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the water changing time is carried out after baits are fed every morning, and the water changing amount is only needed without exposing a sand layer.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: and when water is changed, half of the culture water in the culture pond is discharged as tail water.
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