CN114642159B - Facility crop irrigation quota calculation method and system - Google Patents
Facility crop irrigation quota calculation method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for calculating irrigation quota of facility crops, belonging to the field of water-saving irrigation, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting crop planting schemes and data in the facility greenhouse through on-site investigation and analysis; dividing the planting time period into a facility uncovering ventilation time period, a facility covering setting heat preservation time period and a facility shading time period according to the collected data; determining the duration of each time period and the variation coefficient of the related parameters under the monthly scale; determining crop transpiration amount ET under influence of greenhouse according to meteorological data 0,mi (ii) a Calculating monthly water demand ET of facility crops c (ii) a And calculating the irrigation water quota of the facility crops. The method makes up the blank in the aspect of the quota calculation of the irrigation water for facility planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water-saving irrigation, and particularly relates to a method and a system for calculating irrigation quota of facility crops.
Background
The greenhouse can be used for heat preservation and overwintering cultivation of vegetables and flowers in winter and spring, has the effects of shading and cooling, preventing rain, wind and hail, and the like in summer and autumn, and has the advantage that the yield is remarkably improved compared with outdoor planting. The meteorological data change in the facility greenhouse is different from the open air, and the corresponding planting mode and water consumption mode are provided, so that the calculation method of the crop irrigation quota is changed, the calculation is complex compared with the open air planting mode, related research reports are lacked at present, and how to calculate the facility planting irrigation water quota becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
The facility greenhouse vegetable production specifically comprises the steps of taking a steel structure or a bamboo structure as a framework, covering a heat-insulating film on the framework to form a basic framework, and simultaneously matching various corresponding technologies, such as a temperature control technology, a vegetable fertilization technology, a ridging cultivation technology, a vegetable planting technology, a pest control technology, a humidity control technology and the like. The greenhouse can be used for heat preservation and overwintering cultivation of vegetables and flowers in winter and spring, has the effects of shading and cooling, preventing rain, wind and hail, and the like in summer and autumn, and has the advantage that the yield is remarkably improved compared with outdoor planting.
The current agricultural facility research is mainly focused on the structural frame design and field management, field irrigation is generally empirical, systematic management is lacked, and related research reports are lacked for determining and applying irrigation water quota of facility crops.
By calculating the irrigation water quota of the facility crops, the method has more pertinence in the cultivation of the facility crops, can relatively simply and conveniently set an irrigation scheme, can avoid the traditional irrigation methods such as flood irrigation and the like to save water resources, and can ensure proper water quantity to improve the crop yield. The irrigation quota can be determined by a formula method in a simpler and more convenient method for open-air planting, the calculation method of facility crops is changed, the calculation is complex compared with the calculation of the open-air planting method, and the problem of how to calculate the irrigation water quota for facility planting is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for calculating the irrigation quota of facility crops, and aims to solve the problem of how to calculate the irrigation water quota for facility planting.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a method for calculating a irrigation quota of a facility crop, comprising the steps of:
the crop planting time period is divided into three time periods which are respectively as follows: uncovering a facility ventilation time interval, a facility covering heat preservation time interval and a facility shading time interval;
calculating the time length of each time period and the related parameter change coefficient under the monthly scale according to the meteorological data; wherein, each time quantum duration includes: uncovering a facility ventilation time interval, a facility covering heat preservation time interval and a facility shading time interval; the relevant parameter variation coefficients include: covering the wind speed change coefficient, the temperature change coefficient, the net radiation change coefficient and the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility in the heat preservation period, and covering the wind speed change coefficient, the temperature change coefficient, the net radiation change coefficient and the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility in the shading period; the system comprises a temperature change coefficient, a wind speed change coefficient, an effective rainfall utilization coefficient and a net radiation change coefficient, wherein the temperature change coefficient, the wind speed change coefficient, the effective rainfall utilization coefficient and the net radiation change coefficient are respectively obtained according to the ratio of actual data of temperature, wind speed, effective rainfall utilization rate and net radiation in a facility to corresponding data of a meteorological station;
after the temperature change coefficient of the facility shading time interval and the temperature change coefficient of the facility covering heat preservation time interval are adopted to respectively correct the average air temperature of the corresponding time interval, the average air temperature of each time interval is summed up and averaged, and the daily average air temperature of the facility in the crop planting period is calculated;
after the wind speed change coefficient of the facility shading time period and the wind speed change coefficient of the facility heat preservation time period are adopted to respectively correct the average wind speed of the corresponding time period, the average wind speed of each time period is summed and averaged, and the daily average wind speed of the facility in the crop planting period is calculated;
after the net radiation change coefficient of the facility shading time interval and the net radiation change coefficient of the facility heat preservation time interval are adopted to correct the net radiation in the corresponding time interval, the net radiation in each time interval is summed and averaged, and the daily average surface net radiation of the crops in the facility is calculated;
respectively correcting rainfall capacity of corresponding time intervals by adopting the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility shading time interval and the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility heat preservation time interval, and adding the rainfall capacity of each time interval to obtain the effective rainfall utilization capacity in the facility;
calculating the transpiration amount of facility crops by adopting a Peneman formula based on the daily average air temperature in the facility in the crop planting period, the daily average wind speed in the facility in the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of the crops in the facility;
multiplying the transpiration amount of facility crops in each month by the crop coefficient, and then adding the multiplied values to calculate the water demand of the facility crops;
subtracting the effective rainfall utilization amount, the underground water utilization amount and the soil utilization amount in the growth period of the crops from the water demand of the facility crops to obtain the irrigation water quota of the facility crops;
wherein, the facility is used for keeping warm and keeping cold or cooling and preventing rain when the crops are planted.
Further preferably, the amount of transpiration of the facility crop is:
wherein, ET 0,mi The amount of the fertilizer is released for the facility crops; r is n The daily average surface net radiation for crops in the facility; g is soil heat flux; t is mean The daily average air temperature in the facility; u. u 2 The daily average wind speed at 2m in the facility; gamma is a humidity constant; e.g. of a cylinder s And e a Respectively representing saturated vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure; Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-air temperature curve;
wherein R is n, uncovering 、R n, cover And R n, screening The net radiation in the meteorological data at the corresponding time interval; u. of Uncovering device 、u Cover And u Shade The average wind speed at 2m below the facility uncovering ventilation time interval, the facility covering heat preservation time interval and the facility shading time interval respectively; t is Uncovering device 、T Cover And T Shade The average temperature at the corresponding time interval in the meteorological data in the facility; eta Cover 、μ Cover And delta Cover Respectively covering the wind speed variation coefficient, the temperature variation coefficient and the net radiation variation coefficient of the facility in the heat preservation period; eta Shade 、μ Shade And delta Shade Respectively the wind speed variation coefficient, the temperature variation coefficient and the net radiation variation coefficient in the facility shading time period; t is t Uncovering device 、t Cover And t Shade The time length of the facility ventilation time interval, the facility covering heat preservation time interval and the facility shading time interval are respectively uncovered in the planting period.
Further preferably, the water demand of the facility crop is:
wherein, ET 0,mi The evapotranspiration amount of the reference crops obtained by the Peneman formula calculation; k c Is the crop coefficient; ET c The water requirement of the facility crop period.
Further preferably, the facility is a greenhouse.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a facility crop irrigation quota calculating system, comprising:
the time interval division module is used for dividing the crop planting time interval into a facility uncovering ventilation time interval, a facility covering heat preservation time interval and a facility shading time interval;
the parameter processing module is used for respectively correcting the average air temperature, the average wind speed and the net radiation of corresponding time intervals by adopting a temperature change coefficient, a wind speed change coefficient and a net radiation change coefficient of a facility shading time interval and a facility covering heat preservation time interval under a monthly scale, and then respectively summing and averaging the average air temperature, the average wind speed and the net radiation of each time interval to obtain the daily average air temperature of the facility in the crop planting period, the daily average wind speed of the facility in the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of the crops in the facility; respectively correcting rainfall capacity of corresponding time periods by adopting the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility shading time period and the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility covering the facility heat preservation time period, and adding the rainfall capacity of each time period to obtain the effective rainfall utilization capacity in the facility; the system comprises a temperature change coefficient, a wind speed change coefficient, an effective rainfall utilization coefficient and a net radiation change coefficient, wherein the temperature change coefficient, the wind speed change coefficient, the effective rainfall utilization coefficient and the net radiation change coefficient are respectively obtained according to the ratio of actual data of temperature, wind speed, effective rainfall utilization rate and net radiation in a facility to corresponding data of a meteorological station;
the transpiration amount calculation module is used for calculating the transpiration amount of the facility crops by adopting a Peneman formula based on the daily average air temperature in the facility during the crop planting period, the daily average wind speed in the facility during the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of the crops in the facility;
the water demand calculation module is used for multiplying the evapotranspiration amount of facility crops in each month by the crop coefficient and then adding the multiplied evapotranspiration amount and the crop coefficient to calculate the water demand of the facility crops;
the irrigation water quota calculation module is used for subtracting the effective rainfall utilization amount, the underground water utilization amount and the soil utilization amount in the growth period of the crops from the water demand of the facility crops to obtain the irrigation water quota of the facility crops;
wherein, the facility is used for keeping warm and keeping cold or cooling and preventing rain when the crops are planted.
Further preferably, the amount of transpiration of the facility crop is:
wherein, ET 0,mi The amount of the fertilizer is saved for facility crops; r n The daily average surface net radiation for crops in the facility; g is soil heat flux; t is mean The daily average air temperature in the facility; u. of 2 The daily average wind speed at 2m in the facility; gamma is a humidity constant; e.g. of the type s And e a Respectively representing saturated vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure; Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-air temperature curve;
wherein R is n, uncovering 、R n, cover And R n, shade The net radiation in the meteorological data at the corresponding time interval; u. u Uncovering device 、u Cover And u Shade Respectively the average wind speed at 2m below the facility ventilation period, the facility covering heat preservation period and the facility shading period; t is Uncovering device 、T Cover And T Shade For meteorology within a facilityAverage temperature at corresponding time interval in the data; eta Cover 、μ Cover And delta Cover Respectively covering the wind speed variation coefficient, the temperature variation coefficient and the net radiation variation coefficient of the facility in the heat preservation period; eta Shade 、μ Shade And delta Shade Respectively the wind speed variation coefficient, the temperature variation coefficient and the net radiation variation coefficient in the facility shading time period; t is t Uncovering device 、t Cover And t Shade The time length of the facility ventilation time interval, the facility covering heat preservation time interval and the facility shading time interval are respectively uncovered in the planting period.
Further preferably, the water demand of the facility crop is:
wherein, ET 0,mi The evapotranspiration amount of the reference crops obtained by the Peneman formula calculation; k c Is the crop coefficient; ET c The water requirement in the crop period of the facility.
Further preferably, the facility is a greenhouse.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method divides the crop planting time period into three time periods, corrects the average air temperature, the average wind speed and the net radiation by adopting the related parameter variation coefficients covering the facility heat preservation time period and the facility shading time period, corrects the outdoor average air temperature, the average wind speed and the net radiation, represents the related data of facility areas when facility crops are irrigated, and further calculates the soakage of the facility crops by combining the effective rainfall utilization amount in the facility; and further, the irrigation water quota of the facility crops is obtained, and the blank in the aspect of calculating the irrigation water quota for facility planting is made up.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for calculating irrigation quota of facility crops according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for calculating irrigation quota of facility crops, comprising the following steps:
step 1: searching relevant data of a research facility area through field survey and data research; wherein the facility region-related data comprises: weather data of the place of the facility, weather data in the facility, facility styles, crop coefficients, crop planting methods and crop planting time periods;
step 2: according to the research result, the crop planting time period is divided into three time periods including: uncovering a facility ventilation time interval, a facility heat preservation time interval and a facility shading time interval, and determining related data of the same time interval in meteorological data of the location of the facility;
and 3, step 3: determining the time duration of each time period and the variation coefficient of related parameters under the monthly scale, including the ventilation time t of the uncovered facilities Uncovering device And the heat preservation time period t of the covering facility Cover And coefficient of variation of wind speed eta Cover Coefficient of temperature change [ mu ] Cover Net coefficient of variation of radiation delta Cover Effective rainfall utilization coefficient epsilon Cover Facility shade period t Shade And coefficient of variation of wind speed eta Shade Temperature coefficient of variation μ Shade Net coefficient of variation of radiation delta Shade And effective rainfall utilization coefficient epsilon Shade ；
And 4, step 4: calculating the average air temperature in the facility, the average wind speed at the position of 2m in the facility and the net radiation in the facility;
wherein, T mean The daily average air temperature in the facility is taken into consideration; t is Uncovering device 、T Cover And T Shade The average temperature in the meteorological data at the corresponding time period is the unit; t is t Uncovering device 、t Cover And t Shade For each facility in the planting periodThe time period duration is in units of: day (d);
wherein u is 2 The unit is m/s for the daily average wind speed of 2m positions in the facility after considering the influence of the facility; u. u Uncovering device 、u Cover And u Shade Respectively is the average wind speed at 2m under the corresponding time period in the meteorological data, and the unit is m/s; t is t Uncovering device 、t Cover And t Shade The unit of each working time of the facility in the planting period is as follows: day (d);
wherein R is n To account for the daily average surface net radiation of crops within a facility after facility impact, the unit is: MJ/(m) 2 .d)；R n, uncovering 、R n, cover And R n, shade The net radiation in the meteorological data at the corresponding time interval is as follows: MJ/(m) 2 .d)；t Uncovering device 、t Cover And t Shade The duration of each working state of the facility in the planting period is as follows: day (d);
and 5: determining an effective rainfall utilization P within a facility e (ii) a The utilization efficiency of rainfall is different under each working state of the facility, the high utilization efficiency coefficient is regarded as 1 when the facility is uncovered for ventilation, and corresponding coefficients are taken according to the facility conditions during the period of shading and covering the facility;
P e ＝P e, uncovering +P e, cover ε Cover +P e, shielding ε Shade
Wherein, P e The unit is the effective rainfall utilization amount in the facility: m is 3 Per mu; p is e, uncovering 、P e, cover And P e, shielding The rainfall at the corresponding time interval in the meteorological data is respectively as follows: m is 3 Per mu;
step 6: determining the potential lift ET in a facility 0 (ii) a According to the meteorological data and the parameter variation coefficient in the facility, the Penman formula is used for calculationThe amount of applied crop is increased;
wherein, ET 0,mi The soaring amount of the reference crops is calculated by a Peneman formula, and the unit is mm/month; r n To account for the daily average surface net radiation of crops in a facility after facility impact, the unit is: MJ/(m) 2 D), can be calculated from empirical formulas; g is the soil heat flux with the unit MJ/(m) 2 .d)；T mean The unit of the daily average temperature in the facility for considering the facility influence is; u. of 2 The unit is m/s for the daily average wind speed of 2m positions in the facility after considering the influence of the facility; gamma is the humidity constant in kPa/DEG C; e.g. of a cylinder s And e a Respectively representing saturated vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure, and the unit is kPa; Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-air temperature curve in units of: kPa/DEG C;
and 7: calculating the water demand of facility crops; according to reference crop evapotranspiration amount ET 0,mi The water demand is obtained by utilizing a crop coefficient method;
wherein, ET 0,mi The unit of the reference crop evapotranspiration obtained by Peneman formula calculation is as follows: mm/month; k is c Is the crop coefficient, is a constant; ET c The unit is the water demand in the facility crop period: m is a unit of 3 Each mu is month;
and 8: calculating the irrigation water quota of the facility crops;
I medicine for treating rheumatism ＝ET c -P e -G e -r e
Wherein, I Medicine for treating rheumatism Is the net irrigation water requirement of the crops, and the unit is as follows: m is 3 Per mu; ET c The unit is the water demand of crops: m is 3 Per mu; p is e The effective rainfall utilization amount in the growth period of the crops is as follows: m is 3 Per mu; g e And r e Are respectively crop plantsThe unit of the underground water utilization amount and the soil utilization amount in the breeding period is as follows: m is 3 Per mu.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a facility crop irrigation quota calculating system, comprising:
the time interval division module is used for dividing the crop planting time interval into a facility uncovering ventilation time interval, a facility covering heat preservation time interval and a facility shading time interval;
the parameter processing module is used for respectively correcting the average air temperature, the average wind speed and the net radiation in corresponding time intervals by adopting the temperature change coefficient, the wind speed change coefficient and the net radiation change coefficient in the facility shading time interval and the facility covering heat preservation time interval, and respectively summing and averaging the average air temperature, the average wind speed and the net radiation in each time interval to obtain the daily average air temperature in the facility in the crop planting period, the daily average wind speed in the facility in the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of crops in the facility; respectively correcting rainfall capacity of corresponding time intervals by adopting the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility shading time interval and the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility heat preservation time interval, and adding the rainfall capacity of each time interval to obtain the effective rainfall utilization capacity in the facility;
the transpiration amount calculation module is used for calculating the transpiration amount of facility crops by adopting a Peneman formula based on the daily average air temperature in the facility in the crop planting period, the daily average wind speed in the facility in the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of the crops in the facility;
the water demand calculation module is used for multiplying the evapotranspiration amount of facility crops in each month by the crop coefficient and then adding the multiplied evapotranspiration amount and the crop coefficient to calculate the water demand of the facility crops;
the irrigation water quota calculation module is used for subtracting the effective rainfall utilization amount in the facility, the underground water utilization amount in the crop growth period and the soil utilization amount from the water demand of the facility crops to obtain the irrigation water quota of the facility crops;
wherein, the facility is used for heat preservation, cold protection or temperature reduction and rain prevention when crops are planted; the system comprises a temperature change coefficient, a wind speed change coefficient, an effective rainfall utilization coefficient and a net radiation change coefficient, wherein the temperature change coefficient, the wind speed change coefficient, the effective rainfall utilization coefficient and the net radiation change coefficient are respectively obtained according to the ratio of actual data of temperature, wind speed, effective rainfall utilization rate and net radiation in a facility to corresponding data of a meteorological station;
further preferably, the amount of transpiration of the facility crop is:
wherein, ET 0,mi The amount of the fertilizer is saved for facility crops; r n The daily average surface net radiation for crops in the facility; g is soil heat flux; t is mean The average daily temperature in the facility; u. of 2 The daily average wind speed at 2m in the facility; gamma is a humidity constant; e.g. of the type s And e a Respectively representing saturated vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure; Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-air temperature curve.
Further preferably, the water demand of the facility crop is:
wherein, ET 0,mi The soaring amount of the reference crops is calculated by a Peneman formula; k c Is the crop coefficient; ET c The water requirement in the crop period of the facility.
Further preferably, the facility is a greenhouse.
Examples
In this embodiment, the specific steps are described in detail by taking the quota calculation of irrigation water for tomato cultivation in greenhouse planting base in wuhan city as an example:
step 1: through on-the-spot investigation and data investigation, collect research big-arch shelter regional relevant data, wherein, big-arch shelter regional relevant data includes: local meteorological data, internal structure of the greenhouse, crop planting scheme, and greenhouse uncovering and covering time period; the meteorological data adopts the data of the China ground climate data daily value data set station Wuhan station 1978-2007 thirty years, and the planting scheme, the greenhouse uncovering scheme and the greenhouse covering scheme are obtained through field investigation; the crop coefficient for planting the crop tomato is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
| Month of the year | Kc |
| March | 0.45 |
| April | 0.89 |
| May of May | 1.06 |
| June of june | 0.93 |
| October | 0.45 |
| October | 0.89 |
| December | 1.06 |
| One month | 0.93 |
And 2, step: according to the investigation result, the crop planting is divided into three time periods, the ventilation shed uncovering, shed covering heat preservation and shade covering method is mainly determined by the temperature of the day, shade covering and temperature reduction are carried out when the temperature is too high in the noon, and the shed covering is carried out when the temperature is too low at night;
and 3, step 3: determining the duration of each time period and related parameter change parameters under the monthly scale, comprising the following steps: ventilation time t for uncovering the shed Uncovering device And a heat preservation time period t of covering the shed Cover And coefficient of variation of wind speed eta Cover Coefficient of temperature change [ mu ] Cover Net coefficient of variation of radiation delta Cover Effective rainfall utilization coefficient epsilon Cover Shade period t Shade And coefficient of variation eta of wind speed Shade Temperature coefficient of variation μ Shade Net coefficient of variation of radiation delta Shade And the effective rainfall utilization coefficient epsilon Shade ；
The determination mode of the coefficient mainly comprises the steps of comparing actual measurement data in the greenhouse with data of a meteorological station, and estimating according to the greenhouse condition if no actual measurement data exists; for the wind speed variation coefficient, according to the setting condition of the local greenhouse, the influence on the wind speed is large, the effect of covering the greenhouse is similar to that of shading, and the value eta is taken Cover ＝η Shade =0.3; for the temperature variation coefficient, the main purpose of covering the greenhouse and shading is to make the temperature in the greenhouse closer to the proper temperature of the plants, and the value mu is taken according to the comparison between the temperature record in the greenhouse and the data of the meteorological station Cover ＝1.2，μ Shade =0.9; the determination mode of the net radiation change coefficient is similar to the wind speed change coefficient, and the value delta is obtained Cover ＝δ Shade =0.6; for effective rainfall utilization coefficient, the greenhouse in the research area is not provided with special rainfall utilization equipment, and rainfall is utilized in a small amount only through the underground runoff, so that a smaller value, epsilon, is taken Cover ＝ε Shade =0.1; the greenhouse uncovering time period is that the outside weather is suitable for crop growth, the influence of the greenhouse is slight, the coefficient is not considered in calculation, and the value is 1;
the covering and shading operations have large influence on the air flow, and the wind speed changes are the same, eta Cover ＝η Shade =0.3; the covering shed keeps warm by reducing heat loss to keep the proper temperature of crops, and the shading and cooling can reduce light radiation to avoid overhigh temperature mu in the greenhouse in the noon and afternoon Cover ＝1.2，μ Shade =0.9; the radiation quantity received by the greenhouse is greatly reduced during the period of covering the greenhouse for heat preservation and shading, delta Cover ＝δ Shade =0.6, the environment in the greenhouse is relatively isolated from the external environment during the period of greenhouse covering heat preservation and shading, no special rainfall utilization equipment is arranged in the greenhouse in the research area, the rainfall utilization amount is reduced, and epsilon Cover ＝ε Shade =0.1; during the uncovering period, the internal environment of the greenhouse is communicated with the outside, the meteorological data change is very small, and each correlation coefficient takes a value of 1;
and 4, step 4: determining the average temperature in the greenhouse, the average wind speed at 2m positions in the greenhouse and the net radiation in the greenhouse after considering the influence of the greenhouse;
wherein, T mean The unit of the daily average temperature in the greenhouse for considering the influence of the greenhouse is; t is a unit of Uncovering device 、T Cover And T Shade The average temperature in corresponding time intervals in meteorological data is expressed in units of ℃; t is t Uncovering device 、t Cover And t Shade The time length of each time interval of the greenhouse in the planting period is as follows: day (d);
wherein u is 2 The unit is m/s for considering the daily average wind speed at 2m in the greenhouse after the influence of the greenhouse; u. of Uncovering device 、u Cover And u Shade Respectively is the average wind speed at 2m under the corresponding time period in the meteorological data, and the unit is m/s; t is t Uncovering device 、t Cover And t Shade The unit of each working time of the greenhouse in the planting period is as follows: day (d);
wherein R is n For the daily average surface net radiation of crops in the big-arch shelter after considering the big-arch shelter influence, the unit is: MJ/(m) 2 .d)；R n, uncovering 、R n, cover And R n, shade The net radiation in the meteorological data at the corresponding time interval is as follows: MJ/(m) 2 .d)；t Uncovering device 、t Cover And t Shade For each operating condition duration of planting period big-arch shelter, the unit is: day (d);
and 5: determine greenhouseInternal effective rainfall utilization amount P e ；
P e ＝P e, uncovering +P e, cover ε Cover +P e, shielding ε Shade
Wherein, P e The unit of the effective rainfall utilization amount in the greenhouse is as follows: m is 3 Per mu; p e, uncovering 、P e, cover And P e, shielding The rainfall at the corresponding time interval in the meteorological data is respectively as follows: m is 3 Per mu;
step 6: determining potential transpiration amount ET in greenhouse 0 (ii) a Calculating the transpiration amount of the reference crops through a Peneman formula according to the meteorological data and the parameter change coefficient in the greenhouse;
wherein, ET 0,mi The soaring amount of the reference crops is calculated by a Peneman formula, and the unit is mm/month; r n In order to consider the daily average surface net radiation of crops in the greenhouse after the influence of the greenhouse, the unit is as follows: MJ/(m) 2 D), can be calculated from empirical formulas; g is the soil heat flux with the unit MJ/(m) 2 .d)；T mean The unit is the daily average temperature in the greenhouse for considering the influence of the greenhouse; u. u 2 The unit is m/s in order to consider the daily average wind speed at 2m positions in the greenhouse after the influence of the greenhouse; gamma is the humidity constant in kPa/DEG C; e.g. of a cylinder s And e a Respectively representing saturated vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure, and the unit is kPa; Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-air temperature curve in units of: kPa/DEG C; obtaining the monthly evapotranspiration ET in the greenhouse according to the result 0 (mm/month); in the embodiment, 30-year data with meteorological data are calculated, and the average evapotranspiration amount in a plurality of months is shown in a table 2;
TABLE 2
| Month of the year | ET 0 |
| One month | 28.6 |
| February | 32.8 |
| March | 54.2 |
| April | 80.5 |
| May | 107.2 |
| June of june | 110.9 |
| July | 134.9 |
| August | 130.9 |
| September | 97.8 |
| October | 70.8 |
| October | 44.9 |
| December | 34.3 |
And 7: calculating the water demand of greenhouse crops; according to reference crop evapotranspiration amount ET 0,mi The water demand is obtained by utilizing a crop coefficient method;
wherein, ET 0,mi The unit of the reference crop evapotranspiration obtained by Peneman formula calculation is as follows: mm/month; k c Is the crop coefficient, is a constant; ET c The unit is the water demand in the greenhouse crop period: m is 3 Each mu is a month;
and 8: calculating the quota of irrigation water for greenhouse crops; the underground water utilization amount and the soil water utilization amount of the local crops in the growth period are obtained from the research data, the amount is small, and the total fluctuation range is 40-60 m along with the month 3 Per mu;
I medicine for treating rheumatism ＝ET c -P e -G e -r e
Wherein, I Medicine for treating rheumatism Is the net irrigation water requirement of the crops, and the unit is as follows: m is 3 Per mu; ET c The water requirement of crops is as follows: m is 3 Per mu; p is e The effective rainfall utilization amount in the growth period of the crops is as follows: m is 3 Per mu; g e And r e The underground water utilization amount and the soil utilization amount in the crop growth period are respectively expressed in the unit: m is a unit of 3 Per mu;
finally, the irrigation water quota of the tomatoes in the local greenhouse is 472.1m through calculation 3 Per mu.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
dividing a crop planting period into three periods, correcting average air temperature, average wind speed and net radiation by adopting related parameter change coefficients covering a facility heat preservation period and a facility shading period, correcting the outdoor average air temperature, average wind speed and net radiation, representing related data of a facility area during facility crop irrigation, and further calculating the soaring amount of the facility crops by combining the effective rainfall utilization amount in the facility; and further, the irrigation water quota of the facility crops is obtained, and the blank in the aspect of calculating the irrigation water quota for facility planting is made up.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating irrigation quota of facility crops is disclosed, wherein the facility is used for heat preservation, cold prevention, temperature reduction and rain prevention during crop planting, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing the crop planting time period into a facility uncovering ventilation time period, a facility covering heat preservation time period and a facility shading time period;
after the average temperature, the average wind speed and the net radiation in corresponding time periods are respectively corrected by adopting the temperature change coefficient, the wind speed change coefficient and the net radiation change coefficient in the shading time period and the heat preservation time period of the facility under the monthly scale, the average temperature summation average, the average wind speed summation average and the net radiation summation average in each time period are respectively obtained, and the daily average temperature in the facility in the crop planting period, the daily average wind speed in the facility in the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of crops in the facility are obtained; respectively correcting rainfall capacity of corresponding time intervals by adopting the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility shading time interval and the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility heat preservation time interval, and adding the rainfall capacity of each time interval to obtain the effective rainfall utilization capacity in the facility;
calculating the transpiration amount of facility crops by adopting a Peneman formula based on the daily average air temperature in the facility in the crop planting period, the daily average wind speed in the facility in the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of the crops in the facility;
multiplying the transpiration amount of facility crops in each month by the crop coefficient, and then adding the multiplied transpiration amount and the crop coefficient to calculate the water demand of the facility crops;
subtracting the effective rainfall utilization amount, the underground water utilization amount and the soil utilization amount in the growth period of the crops from the water demand of the facility crops to obtain the irrigation water quota of the facility crops;
the system comprises a temperature change coefficient, a wind speed change coefficient, an effective rainfall utilization coefficient and a net radiation change coefficient, wherein the temperature change coefficient, the wind speed change coefficient, the effective rainfall utilization coefficient and the net radiation change coefficient are respectively obtained according to the ratio of actual data of temperature, wind speed, effective rainfall utilization rate and net radiation in a facility to corresponding data of a meteorological station;
the soaring amount of the facility crops is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the daily average surface net radiation for crops in the facility;Gis the soil heat flux;
the average daily temperature in the facility;
the daily average wind speed at 2m in the facility;
is a humidity constant;
and
respectively representing saturated vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure;
is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-air temperature curve;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
、
and
the net radiation in the meteorological data at the corresponding time interval;
、
and
the average wind speed at 2m below the facility uncovering ventilation time interval, the facility covering heat preservation time interval and the facility shading time interval respectively;
、
and
the average temperature at the corresponding time interval in the meteorological data in the facility; eta Cover 、μ Cover And delta Cover The wind speed variation coefficient, the temperature variation coefficient and the net speed of the covering facility in the heat preservation periodA coefficient of variation of radiation; eta Shade 、μ Shade And delta Shade Respectively the wind speed variation coefficient, the temperature variation coefficient and the net radiation variation coefficient in the facility shading time period;
、
and
respectively uncovering the duration of facility ventilation time, covering the duration of facility heat preservation time and the duration of facility shading time in the planting period;
the water requirement of the facility crops is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the evapotranspiration amount of the reference crops obtained by the Peneman formula calculation;
is the crop coefficient;
the water requirement in the crop period of the facility.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the facility is a greenhouse.
3. A facility crop irrigation quota calculating system based on the facility crop irrigation quota calculating method according to claim 1, wherein the facility is used for keeping warm, cold, or rain when crops are planted, and the method comprises the following steps:
the time interval division module is used for dividing the crop planting time interval into a facility uncovering ventilation time interval, a facility covering heat preservation time interval and a facility shading time interval;
the parameter processing module is used for respectively correcting the average air temperature, the average air speed and the net radiation in corresponding time periods by adopting the temperature change coefficient, the air speed change coefficient and the net radiation change coefficient in the shading time period and the heat preservation time period of the covering facility in the monthly scale, and then respectively summing and averaging the average air temperature, the average air speed and the net radiation in each time period to obtain the daily average air temperature in the facility in the crop planting period, the daily average air speed in the facility in the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of the crops in the facility; respectively correcting rainfall capacity of corresponding time periods by adopting the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility shading time period and the effective rainfall utilization coefficient of the facility covering the facility heat preservation time period, and adding the rainfall capacity of each time period to obtain the effective rainfall utilization capacity in the facility;
the transpiration amount calculation module is used for calculating the transpiration amount of facility crops by adopting a Peneman formula based on the daily average air temperature in the facility in the crop planting period, the daily average wind speed in the facility in the crop planting period and the daily average surface net radiation of the crops in the facility;
the water demand calculation module is used for multiplying the evapotranspiration amount of facility crops in each month by the crop coefficient and then adding the multiplied evapotranspiration amount and the crop coefficient to calculate the water demand of the facility crops;
the irrigation water quota calculation module is used for subtracting the effective rainfall utilization amount, the underground water utilization amount and the soil utilization amount in the growth period of the crops from the water demand of the facility crops to obtain the irrigation water quota of the facility crops;
the temperature change coefficient, the wind speed change coefficient, the effective rainfall utilization coefficient and the net radiation change coefficient are respectively obtained according to the ratio of the actual data of the temperature, the wind speed, the effective rainfall utilization rate and the net radiation in the facility to the corresponding data of the meteorological station.
4. A facility crop irrigation quota calculation system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the amount of vacation of the facility crop is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the evapotranspiration amount of the reference crops obtained by the Peneman formula calculation;
the daily average surface net radiation for crops in the facility;Gis the soil heat flux;
the average daily temperature in the facility;
the daily average wind speed at 2m in the facility;
is a humidity constant;
and
respectively representing saturated vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure;
is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-air temperature curve;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
、
and
the net radiation in the meteorological data at the corresponding time interval;
、
and
the average wind speed at 2m below the facility uncovering ventilation time interval, the facility covering heat preservation time interval and the facility shading time interval respectively;
、
and
the average temperature at the corresponding time interval in the meteorological data in the facility; eta Cover 、μ Cover And delta Cover Respectively covering the wind speed variation coefficient, the temperature variation coefficient and the net radiation variation coefficient of the facility in the heat preservation period; eta Shade 、μ Shade And delta Shade Wind speed coefficient of variation for shaded periods of facilityTemperature coefficient of change and net emissivity coefficient of change;
、
and
the time length of the facility ventilation time interval, the facility covering heat preservation time interval and the facility shading time interval are respectively uncovered in the planting period.
5. The facility crop irrigation quota calculating system of claim 3 or 4, wherein the water demand of the facility crop is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the evapotranspiration amount of the reference crops obtained by the Peneman formula calculation;
is the crop coefficient;
the water requirement in the crop period of the facility.
6. A facility crop irrigation quota calculation system as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the facility is a greenhouse.
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