CN114632809B - Risk control method for polluted site and in-situ risk control domain of polluted site - Google Patents
Risk control method for polluted site and in-situ risk control domain of polluted site Download PDFInfo
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- CN114632809B CN114632809B CN202210269818.8A CN202210269818A CN114632809B CN 114632809 B CN114632809 B CN 114632809B CN 202210269818 A CN202210269818 A CN 202210269818A CN 114632809 B CN114632809 B CN 114632809B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/005—Extraction of vapours or gases using vacuum or venting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a risk control method for a polluted site and an in-situ risk control domain of the polluted site. The invention provides an in-situ risk control domain of a pollution site, which comprises a defined in-situ reaction domain and an injection site and/or an extraction well arranged in the in-situ reaction domain; the injection site is an injection site or a direct push type injection; the method for determining the number of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells comprises the following steps: and obtaining the number of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells according to the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction domain, the design length of the in-situ reaction domain, the influence radius of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells and the point distribution mode. According to the in-situ risk control domain of the pollution site, provided by the invention, the pollutants in the groundwater flowing through the in-situ reaction domain are effectively treated, so that the way of flowing and diffusing the pollutants through the groundwater is blocked, meanwhile, pollution reduction and groundwater remediation are realized, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a risk control method for a polluted site and an in-situ risk control area of the polluted site.
Background
The high speed progress of industrialization and urbanization has led to an increasingly prominent industrial site pollution problem. If the polluted sites are not repaired or risk controlled, the polluted sites cannot be developed and utilized again to cause waste, and meanwhile, the polluted sites can seriously harm the environmental quality, the human health and the social and economic values of surrounding areas. Therefore, the development of contaminated site remediation and risk management and control and the guarantee of ecological environment become important practical requirements at present.
Typically, contaminated sites are formed by the contaminants entering the soil by leakage, sedimentation or other means to form a source of contamination, migrating downward into the groundwater under the influence of gravity or surface water infiltration, and gradually diffusing downstream or peripherally as the groundwater flows. Based on the formation and pollution diffusion characteristics of the polluted site and the future planning of the land parcel where the site is located, the treatment of the polluted site mainly comprises two modes of repair and risk management and control. The polluted site is repaired by removing and treating a pollution source and a pollution medium, so that the total amount and concentration of pollutants in soil and underground water are reduced, and an acceptable health risk level is reached, thereby restoring the functionality of the site. In contrast, risk management and control is implemented by installing and implementing barrier measures on pollution diffusion paths (such as groundwater flow, soil gas volatilization and the like), blocking the pollution diffusion paths, namely the propagation paths of pollutants between a pollution source and a receptor, and protecting the health and safety of the receptor (human body or ecological environment) under the condition that the pollution source cannot be removed. Although risk management does not remove the source of pollution, under site-specific conditions, risk management can also achieve the goal of protecting the health and safety of the recipient.
At present, the pollution site risk management and control is mainly implemented through measures such as blocking, permeable reactive barrier and hydraulic control. The risk control measures can block and control pollution diffusion paths to different degrees, but the risk control measures also have the defects. For example, blocking of groundwater flow by blocking may cause "overflow" or bypass of contaminated groundwater at the periphery of the blocking wall body, resulting in incomplete blocking and low blocking efficiency; the activity and the service life of an active medium in the permeable reactive barrier can be greatly weakened and shortened under the influence of the geological and chemical characteristics of underground water, so that the 'short circuit' occurs in the barrier and the barrier efficiency is low; and the filler in the permeable reactive barrier needs to be replaced, and the later construction needs to be carried out. The expense cost is high; the hydraulic control needs to pump out and treat the polluted underground water for a long time, and the overall cost of risk management and control is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a risk control method for a polluted site and an in-situ risk control domain for the polluted site.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an in-situ risk control domain of a polluted site, which comprises a defined in-situ reaction domain and an injection site and/or an extraction well arranged in the in-situ reaction domain; the injection site is an injection well or a direct push type injection;
the method for determining the number of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells comprises the following steps: obtaining the number of injection sites and/or extraction wells according to the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction domain, the design length of the in-situ reaction domain, the influence radius and the point distribution mode of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells;
the design length of the in-situ reaction zone is the length of the in-situ reaction zone which can realize the complete treatment of the underground water pollutants in the pollution diffusion direction of the underground water of the pollution site;
the influence radius of the injection site is the average distance which can be reached by the diffusion of the injected medicament to the periphery of the injection site, and is obtained through field pilot test or determined according to engineering experience;
the influence radius of the extraction well is the average distance between the area which reaches the height drop of a specific underground water level at the periphery of the extraction well and the extraction well, and the influence radius of the extraction well is obtained through field pilot test or determined according to engineering experience;
the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction zone comprise the width and the thickness of the in-situ reaction zone, the total porosity of soil, the hydraulic permeability coefficient, the hydraulic gradient of underground water and the flow rate of the underground water;
the width of the in-situ reaction zone is the width of risk control required to be carried out in the underground water flowing vertical direction of the pollution site, and the thickness of the in-situ reaction zone is the thickness of risk control required to be carried out in the underground water flowing direction of the pollution site.
Preferably, when only injection sites are arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the number of the injection sites is calculated by adopting a formula (1) as the number of lines of the injection sites, a formula (2) as the number of the injection sites in a single line, and a formula (3) as the total number of the injection sites;
x＝d design /(2r inj (1-p)) formula (1);
in formula (1): x is the number of lines of the injection site, and the calculation result of the number of lines of the injection site is rounded upwards; d design Is the design length of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; r is inj The injection impact radius of the agent injected at the injection site, in m; p is the influence radius overlap ratio in units of%;
y＝w/(2r inj (1-p)) formula (2);
in equation (2): y is the single-row number of the injection site, and the calculation result of the single-row number is rounded upwards; w is the width of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; r is inj The injection impact radius of the agent injected at the injection site, in m; p is the influence radius overlap ratio in%;
n inj = x · y formula (3);
in equation (3): n is inj Total number of injection sites to form in situ reaction domains.
Preferably, when the injection sites and the extraction wells are simultaneously arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of underground water in the in-situ reaction region is calculated by adopting a formula (4), the number of the extraction wells is calculated by adopting a formula (5), and the number of the injection sites is calculated by adopting a formula (6);
V＝d design ·w·H·θ t formula (4);
in equation (4): v is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ reaction region and is m 3 ；d design Designing the length of the in-situ reaction domain, wherein the unit is m; w is the in-situ reaction domain width in m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; theta t Is the total porosity of the soil;
n e meter ＝V ext /(π·r e x t 2 ·H)＝V/(π·r ext 2 H) equation (5);
in equation (5): n is ext The total number of extraction wells; v ext Total amount of groundwater to be pumped out of the extraction well in m 3 (ii) a V is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ reaction region and is m 3 Said V and V ext Equal; r is ext The radius of influence of groundwater extraction is m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m;
n inj ＝V inj /q inj ＝V ext /q inj ＝n ext ·q ext /q inj equation (6);
in equation (6): n is inj The number of injection sites; n is ext Total number of extraction wells to form in situ reaction zones; v ext And V inj The total amount of underground water to be pumped out of the extraction well and the total amount of injection solution to be injected into the injection site are respectively, and the unit is m 3 Said V is ext And V inj Then, etc.; q. q.s ext And q is inj The stable extraction flow rate and the stable injection flow rate are respectively expressed in m 3 /hr。
Preferably, when only extraction wells are arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of the groundwater in the in-situ reaction region is calculated by adopting a formula (4) according to the number of the extraction wells, and the number of the extraction wells for extracting the groundwater in the in-situ reaction region is calculated by adopting a formula (5);
V＝d design ·w·H·θ t formula (4);
in equation (4): v is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ remediation reaction area and is m 3 ；d design Designing the length of the in-situ repair reaction domain, wherein the unit is m; w is the width of the in-situ repair reaction domain, and the unit is m; h is the thickness of the in-situ repair reaction domain, and the unit is m; theta.theta. t Is the total porosity of the soil;
n ext ＝V ext /(π·r ext 2 ·H)＝V/(π·r ext 2 h) equation (5);
in equation (5): n is ext The total number of extraction wells; v ext Total amount of groundwater to be pumped for in situ remediation of the reaction zone in m 3 Said V is ext Is equal to V; v is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ remediation reaction area and is m 3 ；r ext The radius of influence of groundwater extraction is m; h is the thickness of the in-situ repair reaction domain, and the unit is m.
Preferably, the system further comprises underground water monitoring wells which are respectively arranged at the upstream and the downstream of the in-situ reaction zone.
The invention provides a risk control method of a polluted site, which adopts the technical scheme that an in-situ risk control domain of the polluted site is adopted to carry out risk control on the polluted site;
the method comprises the following steps:
according to hydrogeological conditions, pollutant distribution and underground water flow field characteristics of the polluted site, defining an implementation place of the in-situ reaction region, and determining basic parameters and design length of the in-situ reaction region;
determining an injection site and/or an extraction well arranged in the in-situ reaction region according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site, and determining the type of a medicament injected by the injection site according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site when the injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction region;
and carrying out in-situ remediation on the underground water entering the in-situ reaction area from the polluted site by adopting an injection site and/or an extraction well.
Preferably, when an injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of the pharmaceutical preparation in the injection solution is as follows:
calculating the volume of the injection solution in the injection site according to the injection influence radius of the medicament and the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction domain;
calculating the total amount of the medicament according to the characteristic parameters of the medicament, the volume of the injection solution and the mass percentage of the medicament in the injection solution; the mass percentage of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation in the injection solution is 0.5-5%; the agent characteristic parameters include in situ initial concentration, in situ minimum effective concentration, and first order reaction kinetic rate of agent consumption process.
Preferably, when an injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of the medicament is calculated by adopting a formula (7) during each injection;
m＝V inj ·ρ water z equation (7);
in equation (7): m is the total amount of the medicament in each injection, and the unit is ton; v inj Is the total amount of the injection solution, and has the unit of m 3 ；ρ water Is the density of water, in tons/m 3 (ii) a z is the mass percentage content of the medicament in the injection solution, and the unit is percent.
Preferably, when an injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction region, calculating the flow rate of the groundwater by adopting a formula (8), and calculating the time for reducing the in-situ initial concentration of the medicament in the injection solution to the in-situ minimum effective concentration by adopting a formula (9), wherein the time for reducing the in-situ initial concentration of the medicament to the in-situ minimum effective concentration is the time interval for adding the injection solution;
v＝K h ·h/(l·θ t ) Formula (8);
in equation (8): v is the groundwater flow velocity in m/d; k h Is permeated by water powerThe transmission coefficient is in m/d; h is the height difference of the underground water between two points with the horizontal distance of l, and the unit is m; theta t Is the total porosity of the soil.
T＝ln(R min /R inj )/(-k-v/d design ) Formula (9);
in equation (9): t is the time for the in-situ initial concentration of the medicament to be reduced to the in-situ lowest effective concentration, and the unit is d; r is min The lowest effective concentration in situ of the traditional Chinese medicine in underground water is in mg/L; r inj The in-situ initial concentration of the added medicament is in mg/L; k is the first order reaction kinetic rate of the agent in d -1 (ii) a v is the groundwater flow velocity in m/d; d design The length is designed for the in situ reaction domain in m.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of respectively arranging an upstream underground water monitoring well and a downstream underground water monitoring well at the upstream and the downstream of the in-situ reaction area and carrying out sampling analysis, wherein the sampling analysis comprises the following steps:
calculating the pollutant removal rate of the in-situ reaction domain by adopting a formula (10), and calculating the pollutant reduction total amount by adopting a formula (11);
in equation (10): mu is the in-situ reaction domain pollutant removal rate, and the unit is%; c upgradient The concentration of pollutants in an upstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; c downgradient The concentration of pollutants in a downstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L;
M＝(C upgradient -C downgradient ) W · H · v formula (11);
in equation (11): m is the total pollutant reduction amount of the in-situ reaction zone, and the unit is g/d; c upgradient The concentration of pollutants in an upstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; c downgradient The concentration of pollutants in a downstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; w is the in-situ reaction domain width m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; v isThe groundwater flow velocity is given in m/d.
The invention provides an in-situ risk control domain of a pollution site, which comprises a defined in-situ reaction domain and an injection site and/or an extraction well arranged in the in-situ reaction domain; the injection site is an injection site or a direct push type injection; the determination method of the number of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells comprises the following steps: and obtaining the number of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells according to the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction domain, the design length of the in-situ reaction domain, the influence radius of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells and the point distribution mode. The in-situ risk management and control domain of the polluted site comprises the injection sites and/or the extraction wells which are arranged in the in-situ reaction domain, and the determination method of the number of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells is limited, so that pollutants in underground water in the in-situ reaction domain can be effectively treated, the concentration of the pollutants in the underground water after passing through the in-situ reaction domain is effectively reduced, and the diffusion path of the pollutants flowing through the underground water is blocked.
According to the in-situ risk management and control domain of the polluted site, groundwater in the in-situ reaction domain is repaired in situ by adopting the injection sites and/or the extraction wells, the injection sites and/or the extraction wells can be reused, agents injected from the injection sites can be injected at intervals as required, the utilization rate of the agents is high, and the implementation is convenient. Compared with permeable reactive barrier and similar risk management and control technologies, the conditions of surface modification, activity reduction and the like which may occur in a short time of the active reactive filler do not exist, and the management and control efficiency is high; and the active reaction filler of the wall does not need to be replaced, the later construction is not needed, and the economy is high.
Compared with the blocking and similar risk control technologies, the in-situ risk control domain of the polluted site provided by the invention does not change the flow direction and pollution diffusion path of underground water, and the condition that the polluted underground water possibly overflows at the top of the blocking wall body or flows around at two ends due to the blocking of the flow of the underground water can not occur, so that the risk control is complete, and the control efficiency is high.
The in-situ risk control area for the polluted site provided by the invention can carry out risk control on the polluted site and simultaneously carry out in-situ remediation on underground water, and compared with pure hydraulic control and similar risk control technologies, the in-situ risk control area for the polluted site has the advantages that long-term underground water pumping and treatment are avoided, the economic benefit is good, and the cost is low.
The invention provides a risk control method of a polluted site, which adopts the technical scheme that an in-situ risk control domain of the polluted site is adopted to carry out risk control on the polluted site; the method comprises the following steps: according to hydrogeological conditions, pollutant distribution and underground water flow field characteristics of the polluted site, defining an implementation place of the in-situ reaction region, and determining basic parameters and design length of the in-situ reaction region; determining an implementation well arranged in the in-situ reaction area according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site; and carrying out in-situ remediation on the underground water entering the in-situ reaction area from the polluted site by using the implementation well. According to the risk control method for the polluted site, the risk control is carried out on the polluted site by adopting the in-situ risk control area of the polluted site in the technical scheme, underground water entering the in-situ reaction area is subjected to in-situ treatment by the implementation well, pollutants entering the area and passing through the area along with the flow of the underground water are removed, the way of pollution diffusion through the flow of the underground water is blocked, the environment quality of soil and the underground water at the downstream or peripheral area of the polluted site is protected, the risk control on the polluted site is realized, the control efficiency is high, and the control cost is low.
According to the method for managing and controlling the risk of the polluted site, the risk management and control is performed on the polluted site by adopting the in-situ risk management and control area of the polluted site, disturbance of a peripheral underground water flow field is avoided while pollution diffusion is blocked, pollution reduction is realized, the use efficiency of a medicament is improved, the problems of low efficiency, high cost and the like of the traditional risk management and control method are solved, and a more efficient technical means is provided for successful implementation of the risk management and control of the polluted site and acceleration of planning and utilization of the site.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process of a pollution site risk management and control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation site of an in-situ reaction zone of ground water of a polluted site provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of injection sites and extraction wells of an in-situ reaction zone of the polluted site groundwater provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the injection sites and extraction well layout of the in-situ reaction zone of contaminated site groundwater provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an in-situ risk control domain of a pollution site, which comprises a defined in-situ reaction domain and an injection site and/or an extraction well arranged in the in-situ reaction domain; the injection site is an injection site or a direct push type injection;
the method for determining the number of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells comprises the following steps: obtaining the number of injection sites and/or extraction wells according to the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction domain, the design length of the in-situ reaction domain, the influence radius and the point distribution mode of the injection sites and/or the extraction wells;
the design length of the in-situ reaction zone is the length of the in-situ reaction zone which can realize the complete treatment of the underground water pollutants in the pollution diffusion direction of the underground water of the pollution site;
the influence radius of the injection site is the average distance which can be reached by the diffusion of the injected medicament to the periphery of the injection site, and is obtained through field pilot test or determined according to engineering experience;
the influence radius of the extraction well is the average distance from the area, which reaches the height drop of a specific underground water level, around the extraction well to the extraction well, and the influence radius of the extraction well is obtained through field pilot test or determined according to engineering experience;
the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction zone comprise the width and the thickness of the in-situ reaction zone, the total porosity of soil, the hydraulic permeability coefficient, the hydraulic gradient of underground water and the flow rate of the underground water;
the width of the in-situ reaction area is the width of the polluted site underground water flow vertical direction needing risk control, and the thickness of the in-situ reaction area is the thickness of the polluted site underground water flow direction needing risk control.
In the present invention, the injection site and/or extraction well is preferably selected according to the reaction method determined by the kind and concentration of the contaminant at the contaminated site.
In the present invention, the injection site is an injection well or a direct push injection.
In the invention, the direct push type injection does not need well drilling and is flexible in injection.
In the invention, the injection well has the same function as the direct-pushing injection and is used for injecting medicaments into underground water flowing through the in-situ reaction area to carry out in-situ reaction.
In the invention, the width and thickness of the in-situ reaction domain are the width and thickness of a region needing risk control in the vertical direction of groundwater flow, and preferably the width and thickness of pollution plume in groundwater.
In the present invention, the total porosity of the soil is preferably the percentage of the total volume of pores in the soil to the total volume of the soil.
In the invention, the hydraulic permeability coefficient and the groundwater hydraulic gradient are basic parameters of groundwater hydraulics.
In the present invention, there is no particular requirement for the method of determining the designed length of the in situ reaction domain.
In the present invention, the kind of the agent injected at the injection site is preferably determined according to an in situ remediation method performed in the in situ reaction domain.
In the present invention, when the in situ remediation process performed in the in situ reaction domain is preferably an in situ microbial remediation process, the agent is preferably an organic carbon source, air/oxygen, or other microbial reactive electron donor/acceptor.
In the present invention, when the in-situ remediation method performed in the in-situ reaction domain is preferably an in-situ chemical oxidation/reduction remediation method, the agent is preferably a chemical oxidation or chemical reduction agent.
In the present invention, when the in-situ remediation method performed in the in-situ reaction domain is preferably a thermal desorption remediation method, the in-situ reaction domain does not include a pharmaceutical agent.
In the present invention, when the in-situ remediation method performed in the in-situ reaction domain is preferably a groundwater extraction method or a gas phase/multiphase extraction method, the in-situ reaction domain does not include a chemical agent.
In the present invention, the agents preferably include microbial carbon sources and trophic factors, redox agents and non-redox agents.
In the present invention, the microbial carbon source preferably includes one or more of ethanol, syrup, vegetable oil and organic acid.
In the present invention, the redox agent preferably includes one or more of hydrogen peroxide, sodium persulfate, potassium permanganate, calcium oxide, zero-valent iron, nano-zero-valent iron, ferrous compound, and sulfide.
In the present invention, the non-redox agent preferably comprises a nitrate and/or a sulfate.
In the present invention, the agent preferably further comprises air or oxygen.
In the present invention, the injection influence radius of the pharmaceutical agent in the injection site is preferably obtained by trial at a contaminated site.
In the present invention, the radius of influence of the extraction of groundwater in the extraction well is preferably obtained by pilot plant on site at a contaminated site.
In the present invention, when the execution well is preferably an injection site, the injection site is preferably installed in a row and column arrangement, as shown in fig. 3 (a).
In the present invention, the injection site distribution as shown in fig. 3 (a) is applicable to various repair methods and agents.
In the invention, when only injection sites are arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the number of the injection sites is calculated by adopting a formula (1) to calculate the number of lines of the injection sites, a formula (2) to calculate the number of the injection sites in a single line, and a formula (3) to calculate the total number of the injection sites.
The present invention preferably calculates the number of rows using equation (1). In order to avoid possible gaps between the injection site influence ranges, the injection site influence radii are preferably overlapped to a certain degree in the injection site layout design process of the invention. The preferred injection site spacing of the present invention is 2 times the radius of influence minus the overlap.
In the present invention, the formula (1) is preferably:
x＝d design /(2r inj (1-p)) formula (1);
in equation (1): x is the number of lines of the injection site, and the calculation result of the number of lines is rounded up; d design Is the design length of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; r is inj Is the injection impact radius of the agent in m; p is the influence radius overlap ratio in%.
In the present invention, the formula (2) is preferably:
y＝w/(2r inj (1-p)) formula (2);
in equation (2): y is the single-row number of the injection site, and the calculation result of the single-row number is rounded upwards; w is the width of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; r is inj Is the injection impact radius of the agent in m; p is the influence radius overlap ratio in%.
In the present invention, the formula (3) is preferably:
n inj = x · y formula (3);
in equation (3): n is inj Total number of injection sites to form in situ reaction domains.
In the present invention, when the injection site is preferably an injection well, the length of the screen of the injection well is not less than the thickness of the in-situ reaction zone, and the depths of the screen of the injection well and the in-situ reaction zone are preferably consistent.
In the present invention, when the injection sites and the extraction wells are simultaneously disposed in the in-situ reaction region, the present invention preferably adopts a layout form in which the extraction wells are disposed in the middle of the region and the injection sites are disposed in the periphery of the region, as shown in fig. 3 (b).
In the present invention, the injection site and the extraction well layout are performed as described in (b) of fig. 3, and it is suitable for the application of the remediation method and agent involving the groundwater extraction treatment.
In the invention, when the injection sites and the extraction wells are simultaneously arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of underground water in the in-situ reaction region is calculated by adopting a formula (4), the number of the extraction wells is calculated by adopting a formula (5), and the number of the injection sites is calculated by adopting a formula (6).
The method preferably adopts the formula (4) to calculate the total amount of the groundwater in the in-situ reaction area. In the implementation process of the in-situ reaction area, the invention preferably injects the medicament solution/preparation solution into the whole in-situ reaction area, and the volume of the injected solution is the total volume of the groundwater in the area. In order to maintain the balance of the total amount of groundwater, the present invention preferably pumps the same volume of groundwater.
In the present invention, the formula (4) is preferably:
V＝d design ·w·H·θ t formula (4);
in equation (4): v is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ reaction region and is m 3 ；d design Designing the length of the in-situ reaction domain, wherein the unit is m; w is the width of the in-situ reaction domain and has the unit of m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; theta.theta. t Is the total porosity of the soil.
In the present invention, the formula (5) is preferably:
n ext ＝V ext /(π·r ext 2 ·H)＝V/(π·r ext 2 h) equation (5);
in equation (5): n is a radical of an alkyl radical ext The total number of extraction wells; v ext Total amount of groundwater to be pumped out of the extraction well in m 3 (ii) a V is the total amount of underground water in the in-situ reaction area, and the unit is m 3 Said V and V ext Equal; r is ext The radius of influence of groundwater extraction is given in m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain and has the unit of m.
In the present invention, the formula (6) is preferably:
n inj ＝V inj /q inj ＝V ext /q inj ＝n ext ·q ext /q inj equation (6);
formula (6)The method comprises the following steps: n is inj The number of injection sites; n is ext Total number of extraction wells to form in situ reaction zones; v ext And V inj The total amount of underground water to be pumped out of the extraction well and the total amount of injection solution to be injected into the injection site are respectively, and the unit is m 3 Said V is ext And V inj Equal; q. q of ext And q is inj The stable extraction flow rate and the stable injection flow rate are respectively expressed in m 3 /hr。
In the invention, the length of the extraction well screen pipe is not less than the thickness of the in-situ reaction zone, and the depths of the extraction well screen pipe and the in-situ reaction zone are preferably kept consistent.
In the present invention, the length and installation depth of the injection site screen is preferably consistent with the screen length and installation depth of the extraction well.
In the invention, when only the extraction well is arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the extraction well is preferably arranged in the middle of the in-situ reaction region.
In the invention, when only the extraction well is arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the arrangement mode of the extraction well is preferably the same as the arrangement mode of the extraction well in the arrangement when the extraction well and the injection site are used together.
In the present invention, when only extraction wells are provided in the in-situ reaction region, the number of the extraction wells is preferably calculated by using formula (4) to calculate the total amount of the in-situ reaction region groundwater, and preferably calculated by using formula (5) to extract the in-situ reaction region groundwater.
In the invention, the length of the extraction well screen pipe is not less than the thickness of the in-situ reaction zone, and the depths of the extraction well screen pipe and the in-situ reaction zone are preferably kept consistent.
In the present invention, the in-situ risk management and control area for the contaminated site according to the above technical scheme preferably further includes groundwater monitoring wells respectively disposed upstream and downstream of the in-situ reaction area.
The invention provides a risk control method of a polluted site, which adopts the technical scheme that an in-situ risk control domain of the polluted site is adopted to carry out risk control on the polluted site;
the method comprises the following steps:
according to hydrogeological conditions, pollutant distribution and underground water flow field characteristics of the polluted site, defining an implementation place of the in-situ reaction region, and determining basic parameters and design length of the in-situ reaction region; the design length of the in-situ reaction zone is the length of an implementation interval which can realize complete treatment of underground water pollutants in the underground water pollution diffusion direction of the polluted site;
determining an injection site and/or an extraction well arranged in the in-situ reaction region according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site, and determining the type of a medicament injected by the injection site according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site when the injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction region;
and carrying out in-situ remediation on the underground water entering the in-situ reaction area from the polluted site by adopting an injection site and/or an extraction well.
The method comprises the steps of defining an implementation place of the in-situ reaction region, and determining basic parameters and design length of the in-situ reaction region according to hydrogeological conditions, pollutant distribution and underground water flow field characteristics of the polluted site.
In the invention, the implementation site of the in-situ reaction domain is preferably an area where a pollution site needs risk control.
In the present invention, the implementation site of the in-situ reaction region is preferably at the boundary of the polluted site or at the tail end of the polluted site groundwater pollution plume in the flow direction of the polluted site groundwater, as shown in fig. 2.
The method for managing and controlling the polluted site provided by the invention is that an in-situ reaction area is established at the downstream of the pollution diffusion direction of the underground water of the polluted site, pollutants entering the area and passing through the area along with the flow of the underground water are treated and removed in the in-situ reaction area, the way of the flow diffusion of the polluted water through the underground water is blocked, the environmental quality of the soil and the underground water at the downstream or the peripheral area of the polluted site is protected, and the risk management and control of the polluted site are realized.
According to the method, the injection site and/or the extraction well arranged in the in-situ reaction area are determined according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site, and when the injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction area, the type of the medicament injected from the injection site is determined according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site.
The present invention preferably provides for in situ remediation of the groundwater by implementing a well.
In the invention, the groundwater in-situ remediation method preferably comprises a microorganism remediation method, a chemical oxidation/reduction remediation method, a thermal desorption and multiphase/gas phase extraction combined remediation method, a groundwater extraction treatment remediation method or an air injection remediation method.
In the present invention, when an injection site is provided in the in situ reaction region, the total amount of the pharmaceutical agents in the injection solution is:
calculating the volume of the injection solution in the injection site according to the injection influence radius of the medicament and the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction domain;
calculating the total amount of the medicament according to the characteristic parameters of the medicament, the volume of the injection solution and the mass percentage of the medicament in the injection solution; the mass percentage of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation in the injection solution is 0.5-5%; the agent characteristic parameters include in situ initial concentration, in situ minimum effective concentration, and first order reaction kinetic rate of agent consumption process.
In the present invention, the characteristic parameters of the medicament are preferably obtained through laboratory bench tests, field pilot tests, groundwater sampling analysis, literature research and according to related engineering experience.
In the invention, the in-situ initial concentration is an engineering empirical value and is a target concentration to be achieved in underground water after the injection of the medicament is finished; the minimum effective concentration in situ is an engineering empirical value and is the minimum concentration of the medicament in the underground water capable of maintaining the repair process and effect, and when the concentration of the medicament in the underground water is lower than the minimum effective concentration in situ, the method preferably performs medicament supplement addition to ensure the risk control effect of an in situ reaction region.
In the present invention, when an injection site is provided in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of the drug is calculated by formula (7) for each injection.
In the present invention, the formula (7) is preferably:
m＝V inj ·ρ water z equation (7);
in equation (7): m is the total amount of the medicament in each injection, and the unit is ton; v inj Is the total amount of the injection solution, and has the unit of m 3 ；ρ water Is the density of water, in tons/m 3 (ii) a z is the mass percentage content of the medicament in the injection solution, and the unit is percent.
In the present invention, when an injection site is set in the in-situ reaction domain, the time interval for adding the injection solution is preferably obtained according to the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction domain, the design length of the in-situ reaction domain, and the characteristic parameters of the pharmaceutical agent, and the time interval for adding the injection solution is preferably a pharmaceutical agent supplement adding frequency, and is an effective period of the in-situ reaction domain.
In the invention, when the injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the flow rate of the underground water is preferably calculated by adopting a formula (8), the time for reducing the in-situ initial concentration of the medicament in the injection solution to the in-situ lowest effective concentration is preferably calculated by adopting a formula (9), and the time for reducing the in-situ initial concentration of the medicament to the in-situ lowest effective concentration is the time interval for adding the injection solution.
In the present invention, the formula (8) is preferably:
v＝K h ·h/(l·θ t ) Formula (8);
in equation (8): v is the groundwater flow velocity in m/d; k h Is the hydraulic permeability coefficient with the unit of m/d; h is the height difference of the underground water between two points with the horizontal distance of l, and the unit is m; theta.theta. t Is the total porosity of the soil.
In the present invention, the formula (9) is preferably:
T＝ln(R min /R inj )/(-k-v/d design ) Formula (9);
in equation (9): t is the reduction of the in-situ initial concentration of the medicament to the in-situ minimum effective concentrationTime in units of d; r min Is the in-situ minimum effective concentration of the traditional Chinese medicine in underground water, and the unit is mg/L; r inj The in-situ initial concentration of the added medicament is in mg/L; k is the first order reaction kinetic rate of the agent in d -1 (ii) a v is the groundwater flow velocity in m/d; d design The length is designed for the in situ reaction domain in m.
In the invention, the method preferably further comprises the steps of respectively arranging an upstream underground water monitoring well and a downstream underground water monitoring and sampling analysis at the upstream and the downstream of the in-situ reaction area, and monitoring and evaluating the risk control effect of the in-situ reaction area.
In the present invention, the sampling analysis preferably includes:
calculating the pollutant removal rate of the in-situ reaction domain by adopting a formula (10), and calculating the pollutant reduction total amount by adopting a formula (11);
in equation (10): mu is the in-situ reaction domain pollutant removal rate, and the unit is%; c upgradient The concentration of pollutants in an upstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; c downgradient The concentration of pollutants in a downstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L;
M＝(C upgradient -C downgradient ) W · H · v formula (11);
in equation (11): m is the total pollutant reduction amount of the in-situ reaction zone, and the unit is g/d; c upgradient The concentration of pollutants in an upstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; c downgradient The concentration of pollutants in a downstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; w is the in-situ reaction domain width m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; v is the groundwater flow velocity in m/d.
In the invention, the groundwater quality parameters preferably include ferrous ions, manganese ions, sulfur ions, sulfate ions, nitrate ions and other metal and nonmetal ions, total Organic Carbon (TOC), dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, pH value, conductivity, temperature, turbidity and groundwater level elevation.
In the invention, the groundwater quality parameters are preferably sampled by an upstream groundwater monitoring well and a downstream groundwater monitoring well and sent to a professional laboratory for analysis or read on site.
The method for managing and controlling the risk of the polluted site provided by the invention is used for treating the pollution diffused through the area, and does not repair or treat the pollution source or the main body of the polluted soil and the polluted groundwater.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a representative chromium pollution site is selected to carry out implementation, operation and monitoring of the pollution site risk control system of the in-situ reaction region, and the effectiveness of the method is evaluated. The chromium in the underground water of the chromium pollution site mainly exists in the form of hexavalent chromium, the concentration is high, the maximum concentration exceeds 500mg/L, and the longitudinal pollution range of the underground water is 7-13 m.
The whole underground water flow direction and the pollution diffusion direction of the site are from west to east, so that the risk management and control area based on the in-situ reaction area is arranged on the east side boundary of the polluted underground water flow downstream site.
The restoration technology for forming the in-situ reaction region in the site risk control region is implemented by combining in-situ microorganism reduction and underground water pumping treatment, the hexavalent chromium is treated effectively by the in-situ microorganism reduction in other similar sites, the total amount balance and the flow field stability of the underground water are ensured by combining medicament injection and the underground water pumping treatment, and the total amount reduction of chromium pollution is accelerated.
The arrangement is carried out by adopting the arrangement mode that the extraction wells are arranged in the middle of the area and the injection wells are arranged on the periphery of the area, and the figure 4 is specifically shown.
The width w of the in-situ reaction zone of the field is 28m, the depth is 7-13 m underground, and the thickness H is6m, in situ reaction Domain design Length d design Is 36m. And calculating the flow velocity v of the underground water passing through the in-situ reaction area to be about 1m/d according to the data such as the total porosity of the soil, the hydraulic permeability coefficient, the hydraulic gradient of the underground water and the like.
The site adopts in-situ microbial reduction as a repair technology for forming an in-situ reaction domain, adopts ethanol as an organic carbon source to be added in the repair implementation, and the adding degree is to achieve the highest TOC (as a detection index of organic carbon) in-situ initial concentration R (without causing biological blockage or fermentation gas blockage) in underground water inj The experimental value of (2) was 2000mg/L, and the operation of adding ethanol and the convenience and safety of storage were taken into consideration, and the operation was carried out by intermittently automatically adding a diluted ethanol solution into an injection solution. The specific adding mode is that the ethanol is automatically added into the injection water for 4 hours every day according to the volume ratio of 0.5 percent, the ethanol is not added into the injection water for the rest 20 hours, and only the continuous injection operation of treating the groundwater (backwater), tap water or the mixed water of the groundwater and the tap water after reaching the standard is carried out. The injection by using the injection water without adding ethanol can greatly reduce the possibility of biological blockage and gas blockage of soil pores caused by organic carbon fermentation.
According to site basic parameters and the stable pumping flow q of the single well determined by the pumping test and the water injection test ext (3m 3 Hr) and single well stable injection flow rate q inj (2m 3 And/hr), 5 extraction wells for pumping water, 8 injection wells, 7 monitoring wells inside the area, 2 underground water upstream monitoring wells and 1 underground water downstream monitoring well are installed in the site in-situ reaction area through design calculation. Except that one well is respectively arranged on the upstream underground water monitoring well and the downstream underground water monitoring well, the extraction well, the injection well and the detection well in the area within the range reaction area are all provided with 2 deep and shallow wells.
According to the site foundation parameters, calculating the total amount V of underground water in the in-situ reaction area to be about 2700m 3 Ethanol was added at 0.5% by volume (0.4% by mass), and about 10 tons of ethanol were consumed.
Engineering empirical value R according to target in-situ initial concentration of TOC inj 2000mg/L, minimum effective concentration in situEmpirical value R min An engineering empirical value k of the first order reaction kinetics rate of drug consumption of about 0.05s at 100mg/L -1 The flow velocity v of the water in the region is about 1m/d and the design length d of the in-situ reaction region design At 36m, the TOC concentration in the in situ reaction zone was calculated to decrease below the in situ minimum effective concentration after approximately T3-4 months. Therefore, in order to maintain the risk control effect of the in situ reaction domain, the organic carbon source needs to be added every 3 to 4 months at the early stage of the risk control implementation. The adding frequency of the organic carbon source can be optimized after the upstream pollution source is treated and removed.
According to the sampling detection analysis results of the upstream underground water monitoring wells (CW 013-3 and CW 036-3) and the downstream underground water monitoring wells (CW 060-3) of the in-situ reaction region, the average concentration C of the hexavalent chromium in the upstream underground water upgradient 416.3mg/L, the average concentration C of hexavalent chromium in the downstream groundwater downgradient Is 0.29mg/L, and the removal rate mu of the hexavalent chromium after the polluted underground water passes through the in-situ reaction zone is calculated to be more than 99 percent.
According to the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction area, the flow rate of underground water and the concentration difference of hexavalent chromium in upstream underground water and downstream underground water, the reduction amount M of hexavalent chromium after the polluted underground water passes through the in-situ reaction area is about 21kg/d.
The risk control method based on the in-situ reaction domain is implemented in the polluted site, is simple to operate, low in cost, obvious in effect and free of secondary pollution to underground water, is applied to risk control of the polluted site, and has higher feasibility and more obvious advantages in effect, economy, technology and site implementation compared with other risk control technologies.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and all of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The in-situ risk control domain of the polluted site is characterized by comprising a defined in-situ reaction domain and an injection site and/or an extraction well which are/is arranged in the in-situ reaction domain; the injection site is an injection well or a direct push type injection;
when only injection sites are arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the number of the injection sites is calculated by adopting a formula (1), the number of the injection sites in a single row is calculated by adopting a formula (2), and the total number of the injection sites is calculated by adopting a formula (3);
x＝d design /(2r inj (1-p)) formula (1);
in equation (1): x is the number of lines of the injection site, and the calculation result of the number of lines of the injection site is rounded upwards; d design Is the design length of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; r is inj The injection impact radius of the agent injected at the injection site, in m; p is the influence radius overlap ratio in%;
y＝w/(2r inj (1-p)) formula (2);
in equation (2): y is the single-row number of the injection site, and the calculation result of the single-row number is rounded upwards; w is the width of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; r is inj The injection impact radius of the agent injected at the injection site, in m; p is the influence radius overlap ratio in%;
n inj = x · y formula (3);
in equation (3): n is a radical of an alkyl radical inj Total number of injection sites to form in situ reaction domains;
when injection sites and extraction wells are simultaneously arranged in the in-situ reaction region, calculating by adopting a formula (4) to obtain the total amount of underground water in the in-situ reaction region, calculating by adopting a formula (5) to obtain the number of the extraction wells, and calculating by adopting a formula (6) to obtain the number of the injection sites;
V＝d design ·w·H·θ t formula (4);
in equation (4): v is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ reaction region and is m 3 ；d design Designing the length of the in-situ reaction domain, wherein the unit is m; w is the in-situ reaction domain width in m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; theta t Is the total porosity of the soil;
n ext ＝V ext /(π·r ext 2 ·H)＝V/(π·r ext 2 h) equation (5);
in equation (5): n is ext The total number of extraction wells; v ext Total amount of groundwater to be pumped out of the extraction well in m 3 (ii) a V is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ reaction region and is m 3 Said V and V ext Equal; r is ext The radius of influence of groundwater extraction is m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m;
n inj ＝V inj /q inj ＝V ext /q inj ＝n ext ·q ext /q inj equation (6);
in equation (6): n is inj The number of injection sites; n is ext Total number of extraction wells to form in situ reaction zones; v ext And V inj The total amount of underground water to be pumped out of the extraction well and the total amount of injection solution to be injected into the injection site are respectively expressed in m 3 Said V is ext And V inj Equal; q. q of ext And q is inj Respectively, the stable extraction flow rate and the stable injection flow rate are measured in m 3 /hr；
When only extraction wells are arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of the underground water in the in-situ reaction region is calculated by adopting a formula (4) according to the number of the extraction wells, and the number of the extraction wells for pumping the underground water in the in-situ reaction region is calculated by adopting a formula (5);
V＝d design ·w·H·θ t formula (4);
in equation (4): v is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ remediation reaction area and is m 3 ；d design Designing the length of the in-situ repair reaction domain, wherein the unit is m; w is the width of the in-situ repair reaction domain, and the unit is m; h is the thickness of the in-situ repair reaction domain, and the unit is m; theta.theta. t Is the total porosity of the soil;
n ext ＝V ext /(π·r ext 2 ·H)＝V/(π·r ext 2 h) equation (5);
in equation (5): n is ext Is the assembly of extraction wellsCounting; v ext The total amount of underground water required to be pumped out for in-situ remediation of the reaction area is m 3 Said V is ext Is equal to V; v is the total amount of groundwater in the in-situ remediation reaction area, and the unit is m 3 ；r ext The radius of influence of groundwater extraction is m; h is the thickness of the in-situ repair reaction domain and has the unit of m.
2. The in-situ risk management and control area for the polluted site as claimed in claim 1, further comprising underground water monitoring wells respectively disposed upstream and downstream of the in-situ reaction area.
3. A risk control method for a polluted site, which adopts the in-situ risk control domain of the polluted site of claim 1 or 2 to carry out risk control on the polluted site;
the method comprises the following steps:
according to hydrogeological conditions, pollutant distribution and underground water flow field characteristics of the polluted site, defining an implementation place of the in-situ reaction region, and determining basic parameters and design length of the in-situ reaction region;
determining an injection site and/or an extraction well arranged in the in-situ reaction region according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site, and determining the type of a medicament injected by the injection site according to the pollutant type and the pollutant concentration of the polluted site when the injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction region;
and carrying out in-situ remediation on the underground water entering the in-situ reaction area from the polluted site by adopting an injection site and/or an extraction well.
4. The risk management and control method for the contaminated site according to claim 3, wherein when an injection site is set in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of the pharmaceutical agents in the injection solution is:
calculating the volume of the injection solution in the injection site according to the injection influence radius of the medicament and the basic parameters of the in-situ reaction domain;
calculating the total amount of the medicament according to the characteristic parameters of the medicament, the volume of the injection solution and the mass percentage of the medicament in the injection solution; the mass percentage of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation in the injection solution is 0.5-5%; the agent characteristic parameters include in situ initial concentration, in situ minimum effective concentration, and first order reaction kinetic rate of the agent consumption process.
5. The risk management and control method for the contaminated site according to claim 3, wherein when an injection site is set in the in-situ reaction region, the total amount of the drug is calculated by formula (7) for each injection;
m＝V inj ·ρ water z formula (7);
in equation (7): m is the total amount of the medicament in each injection, and the unit is ton; v inj Is the total amount of the injection solution, and has the unit of m 3 ；ρ water Is the density of water, in tons/m 3 (ii) a z is the mass percentage content of the medicament in the injection solution, and the unit is percent.
6. The method for managing and controlling the risk of the polluted site according to claim 4 or 5, wherein when an injection site is arranged in the in-situ reaction region, the flow rate of groundwater is calculated by adopting a formula (8), the time for reducing the in-situ initial concentration of the medicament in the injection solution to the in-situ minimum effective concentration in the injection solution is calculated by adopting a formula (9), and the time for reducing the in-situ initial concentration of the medicament to the in-situ minimum effective concentration is the time interval for adding the injection solution;
v＝K h ·h/(l·θ t ) Formula (8);
in equation (8): v is the groundwater flow velocity in m/d; k is h Is hydraulic permeability coefficient with the unit of m/d; h is the height difference of the underground water between two points with the horizontal distance of l, and the unit is m; theta t Is the total porosity of the soil;
T＝ln(R min /R inj )/(-k-v/d design ) Formula (9);
in equation (9): t is the time, unit, for the in situ initial concentration of the agent to decrease to the in situ lowest effective concentrationIs d; r is min Is the in-situ minimum effective concentration of the traditional Chinese medicine in underground water, and the unit is mg/L; r is inj Is the in-situ initial concentration of the added medicament, and the unit is mg/L; k is the first order reaction kinetic rate of the agent in d -1 (ii) a v is the groundwater flow velocity in m/d; d is a radical of design The length is designed for the in situ reaction domain in m.
7. The risk management and control method for the polluted site according to claim 3, further comprising the steps of respectively arranging an upstream underground water monitoring well and a downstream underground water monitoring well at the upstream and the downstream of the in-situ reaction area, and performing sampling analysis, wherein the sampling analysis comprises the following steps:
calculating the pollutant removal rate of the in-situ reaction domain by adopting a formula (10), and calculating the pollutant reduction total amount by adopting a formula (11);
in equation (10): mu is the in-situ reaction domain pollutant removal rate, and the unit is%; c upgradient The concentration of pollutants in an upstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; c downgradient The concentration of pollutants in a downstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L;
M＝(C upgradient -C downgradient ) W · H · v formula (11);
in equation (11): m is the total pollutant reduction amount of the in-situ reaction zone, and the unit is g/d; c upgradient The concentration of pollutants in an upstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; c downgradient The concentration of pollutants in a downstream monitoring well of the in-situ reaction domain is in mg/L; w is the in-situ reaction domain width m; h is the thickness of the in-situ reaction domain, and the unit is m; v is the groundwater flow velocity in m/d.
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