CN114631417A - Air-blowing type precision seeding device and seeding method - Google Patents
Air-blowing type precision seeding device and seeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114631417A CN114631417A CN202011483624.5A CN202011483624A CN114631417A CN 114631417 A CN114631417 A CN 114631417A CN 202011483624 A CN202011483624 A CN 202011483624A CN 114631417 A CN114631417 A CN 114631417A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
- A01C7/081—Seeders depositing seeds in rows using pneumatic means
- A01C7/082—Ducts, distribution pipes or details thereof for pneumatic seeders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/18—Machines for depositing quantities of seed at intervals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06M1/00—Design features of general application
- G06M1/27—Design features of general application for representing the result of count in the form of electric signals, e.g. by sensing markings on the counter drum
- G06M1/272—Design features of general application for representing the result of count in the form of electric signals, e.g. by sensing markings on the counter drum using photoelectric means
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air-blowing type precision seeding device, which comprises a seeding box, a seed outlet and at least one group of seeding mechanisms, wherein each seeding mechanism comprises a seed sequencing pipeline and a seeding pipe, one end of each seed sequencing pipeline is connected with the seeding box through a seeding hole, and the other end of each seed sequencing pipeline is connected with the seeding pipe; one end of the seed discharging pipe can be connected with the air pump, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the seed discharging pipe at one end which can be connected with the air pump, and the other end of the seed discharging pipe can be connected with the seed outlet; the joint of the seed sorting pipeline and the seed discharging pipe is a detection area, the detection area is detected by a sensor, and the sensor can detect whether the seed is filled in the detection area; the air-blowing precision seeding device also comprises a controller. Compared with the prior art, the seeding device has the advantages of simple structure, low production cost, no damage to seeds, capability of preventing pipeline blockage, high seeding precision and low void rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an air-blowing type precision seeding device and a seeding method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, agricultural science and technology of China continuously progress, productivity development is faster and faster, the demand on agricultural machinery is more and more urgent, and particularly, the agricultural machinery is high in precision and wide in universality.
In the process of large-scale planting of crops, the primary link influencing the yield of the crops is seeding, and the quality of seeding directly influences the emergence rate of the crops, so that the yield is influenced. At present, crop seeding devices mainly comprise a mechanical precision seeding device and an air-blowing precision seeding device. The traditional mechanical precision seeding device mainly utilizes a hill-drop seeding apparatus to seed, but the hill-drop seeding apparatus has certain damage to crop seeds in the rotating process. The existing air-blowing precision seeding device has high requirements on the shape of seeds, is easy to block pipelines, has low seeding precision, causes higher hole rate, wastes the seeds and reduces the utilization rate of land, and has complex structure and high production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air-blowing type precision seeding device and a seeding method, which can not damage seeds in the working process, have low requirements on the shapes of the seeds, are not easy to block pipelines in seeding, have high seeding precision and lower void ratio, thereby saving the seeds and improving the utilization rate of land.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
an air-blowing type precision seeding device comprises a seed discharging box (1) and a seed outlet (9), wherein the bottom of the seed discharging box (1) is provided with seed discharging holes (2), and at least one group of seed discharging mechanisms are arranged below the seed discharging box (1), each seed discharging mechanism comprises a seed sequencing pipeline (3) and a seed discharging pipe (8), one end of each seed sequencing pipeline (3) is connected with the seed discharging box (1) through the seed discharging holes (2), and the other end of each seed sequencing pipeline (3) is connected with the seed discharging pipe (8); one end of the seed discharging pipe (8) can be connected with the air pump (6), an electromagnetic valve (5) is arranged on the seed discharging pipe (8) which can be connected with the air pump (6), and the other end of the seed discharging pipe (8) can be connected with the seed outlet (9); the joint of the seed sorting pipeline (3) and the seed sowing pipe (8) is a detection area (12), the detection area (12) is detected by a sensor, and the sensor can detect whether the detection area (12) is filled with seeds or not; the air-blowing type precision seeding device further comprises a controller, the controller comprises a signal input end and a signal output end, the sensor is provided with a signal output end, the signal output end of the sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve (5).
Further, the sensor is a photoelectric sensor, a capacitive position sensor, an inductive position sensor, an ultrasonic position sensor or a hall position sensor.
Furthermore, the photoelectric sensor comprises a photoelectric emitter (10) and a photoelectric receiver (11), and the photoelectric emitter (10) and the photoelectric receiver (11) are oppositely arranged at the position of the intersection line of the seed sequencing pipeline (3) and the seed sowing pipe (8).
Further, the controller is also provided with a counter.
Further, the controller is a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a single chip microcomputer or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
Furthermore, two ends of the detection area (12) along the direction of the seed sowing pipe (8) are provided with sealing rings (4).
Furthermore, the sealing ring (4) is made of rubber.
The invention also provides an air-blowing type precision seeding method, which adopts the air-blowing type precision seeding device and comprises the following steps:
a. seed sowing: the seeds are put into the seeding box (1), and the seeds can enter a detection area (12) where the seed sorting pipeline (3) and the seeding pipe (8) intersect through the seeding holes (2);
b. and (3) whether seed filling is detected: the detection area (12) is provided with a sensor, the sensor can detect whether seeds fall into the detection area (12), when the seeds are detected, the sensor transmits an electric signal to the controller, otherwise, no electric signal exists;
c. selecting a seed metering mechanism: one of the seed metering mechanisms which is filled with seeds is randomly selected through an electric signal received by the controller;
d. seed blowing: an electric signal is sent to the electromagnetic valve (5) arranged on the selected seed metering mechanism, namely, the electromagnetic valve (5) is opened to enable the gas in the air pump (6) to blow the seeds in the detection area (12) to the seed outlet (9).
Furthermore, the counter can count the switching times of each electromagnetic valve, accurately measure the seed metering number, and accurately control the seeding process by controlling the switching of the electromagnetic valves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has simple structure and low production cost, can not damage the seeds in the working process, and has low requirement on the shape of the seeds. The air flow generated by the air pump can play a role in disturbing the air flow, thereby preventing the pipeline from being blocked. The counter inside the controller counts the switching times of each electromagnetic valve, the seed metering number is accurately measured, and the controller accurately controls the seeding by controlling the switching of the electromagnetic valves, so that the seeding precision is high, the hole rate is low, the seeds are saved, and the land utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a photosensor of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow direction diagram of the air flow generated by the air pump in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the seed metering mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a control system in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a control flowchart of the controller of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Shown in the figure: the device comprises a seed box 1, a seed discharging hole 2, a seed sorting pipeline 3, a sealing ring 4, an electromagnetic valve 5, an air pump 6, seeds 7, a seed discharging pipe 8, a seed outlet 9, a photoelectric emitter 10, a photoelectric receiver 11 and a detection area 12.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1-6, which are schematic structural views of embodiment 1 of the present invention, an air-blowing precision seeding device includes a seeding box 1 and a seed outlet 9, a seeding hole 2 is provided at the bottom of the seeding box 1, and at least one group of seeding mechanisms are further provided, the seeding mechanisms are provided below the seeding box 1, the seeding mechanisms include a seed sorting pipeline 3 and a seeding pipe 8, one end of the seed sorting pipeline 3 is connected with the seeding box 1 through the seeding hole 2, and the other end of the seed sorting pipeline 3 is connected with the seeding pipe 8; one end of the seed discharging pipe 8 can be connected with the air pump 6, an electromagnetic valve 5 is arranged on the seed discharging pipe 8 which can be connected with the air pump 6, and the other end of the seed discharging pipe 8 can be connected with the seed outlet 9; the joint of the seed sorting pipeline 3 and the seed sowing pipe 8 is a detection area 12, the detection area 12 is detected by a sensor, and the sensor can detect whether the detection area 12 is filled with seeds or not; the air-blowing type precision seeding device further comprises a controller, the controller comprises a signal input end and a signal output end, the sensor is provided with a signal output end, the signal output end of the sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve 5.
The sensor can be one or more of a photoelectric sensor, a capacitance position sensor, an inductance position sensor, an ultrasonic position sensor or a Hall position sensor. For ease of detection, the sensor is preferably a photosensor. The photoelectric sensor comprises a photoelectric emitter 10 and a photoelectric receiver 11, and the photoelectric emitter 10 and the photoelectric receiver 11 are oppositely arranged at the position of the intersection line of the seed sorting pipeline 3 and the seed discharging pipe 8.
A photosensor is a device that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal. The basic principle is based on the photoelectric effect, which converts the measured change into a change of an optical signal, and then further converts the non-electrical signal into an electrical signal by means of a photoelectric element. The photoelectric sensor has the advantages of high precision, quick response, non-contact and the like, and has the advantages of multiple measurable parameters, simple structure and flexible and various forms, so the photoelectric sensor is widely applied to detection and control. The position sensor may also be a capacitive position sensor that can determine where the seeds in the detection zone 12 are located, the seeds being located in the sensing zone of the capacitive position sensor and changing the capacitance of the capacitor, so that it can be determined whether any seeds fall into the detection zone 12.
The controller is also provided with a counter. At present, counters are integrated in mainstream controllers, and the counting function is realized through software programming. The counter counts the switching times of each electromagnetic valve, the seed metering number is accurately metered, and the controller accurately controls the seeding by controlling the switching of the electromagnetic valves. The controller is preferably a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a single chip microcomputer or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and can conveniently control the whole system.
When the air-blowing type precision seeding device works, seeds firstly enter the seed sorting pipeline 3 from the bottom of the seed box 1 through the seed discharging holes 2, and the seeds are sequentially sorted in the seed sorting pipeline 3 under the action of gravity. The inner diameter of the seed sorting pipeline 3 takes the short diameter of the seeds as a reference, when the seeds fall into the detection area 12 positioned at the bottom end of the sorting pipeline, the photoelectric sensor arranged on the seed sowing pipe 8 can send out an electric signal, and the existence of the seeds in the detection area 12 can be judged according to the existence of the electric signal. When the seeds are detected to be positioned in the detection area 12, the electromagnetic valve 5 is opened for a period of time and then closed, high-pressure gas instantly enters the seed discharging pipe 8 from the air pump 6, and the seeds positioned in the detection area 12 are blown out of the seed discharging pipe 8 under the action of high-pressure air flow. As shown in fig. 3, the air flow generated by the air pump 6 not only can blow out the seeds in the seed tube 8, but also can play a role of disturbing the air flow, and if the seeds falling from the seed box 1 are blocked in the seed sequencing pipe 3, the air flow generated by the air pump 6 can reorder the seeds in the seed sequencing pipe, thereby preventing the pipe from being blocked.
In order to ensure the seeding reliability, a plurality of seeding mechanisms can be arranged at the bottom of the seeding box 1, each time seeding is carried out, whether the detection area 12 of each seeding mechanism is filled with seeds is detected by the controller, and then the controller randomly selects the seeding mechanisms filled with seeds for seeding. When the seed metering mechanism or mechanisms in operation are not charged any more, the controller can control other charged seed metering mechanisms to work.
The button switch and the position sensor are respectively connected with a digital quantity input interface of the controller, and the contactor for controlling the air pump 6 and the electromagnetic valve 5 are respectively connected with a digital quantity output interface of the controller. The button switch is used for controlling the start and stop of the whole device, the position sensors and the electromagnetic valves 5 are respectively provided with a plurality of sensors, and each group of seed metering mechanism is provided with one sensor and one electromagnetic valve. When the device starts to work, the controller receives an electric signal sent by the position sensor, and if the electric signal is received, the interface number of the received electric signal is recorded through an internal program, and the fact that the seed metering mechanism connected with the terminal is filled with seeds is determined. The controller randomly determines at least 1 seed metering mechanism which is filled with seeds through an internal program, sends a switching signal to an electromagnetic valve where the corresponding seed metering mechanism is located, and opens the valve for a period of time and then closes the valve. The counter counts the switching times of each electromagnetic valve, the seed metering number is accurately metered, and the controller accurately controls the seeding by controlling the switching of the electromagnetic valves.
The device has simple structure and low production cost, does not damage the seeds in the working process, and has low requirement on the shape of the seeds. The air flow generated by the air pump can play a role in disturbing the air flow, thereby preventing the pipeline from being blocked. The counter inside the controller counts the switching times of each electromagnetic valve, the seed metering number is accurately measured, and the controller accurately controls the seeding by controlling the switching of the electromagnetic valves, so that the seeding precision is high, the hole rate is low, the seeds are saved, and the land utilization rate is improved. The invention is especially suitable for precision seeding of crops such as cotton, corn and the like.
Example 2: the embodiment provides an air-blowing precision seeding method, which adopts the air-blowing precision seeding device described in embodiment 1 and comprises the following steps:
a. seed sowing: seeds are put into the seed box 1 and can enter a detection area 12 where the seed sorting pipeline 3 and the seed discharging pipe 8 are intersected through the seed discharging hole 2;
b. and (3) whether seed filling is detected: the detection area 12 is provided with a sensor which can detect whether seeds fall into the detection area 12 or not, when the seeds are detected, the sensor transmits an electric signal to the controller, otherwise, the electric signal is not generated;
c. selecting a seed metering mechanism: one of the seed metering mechanisms which is filled with seeds is randomly selected through an electric signal received by the controller;
d. seed blowing: an electric signal is sent to the electromagnetic valve 5 arranged on the selected seed metering mechanism, namely, the electromagnetic valve 5 is opened to ensure that the gas in the air pump 6 can blow the seeds in the detection area 12 to the seed outlet 9.
The air flow generated by the air pump 6 can not only blow out the seeds in the seed sowing pipe 8, but also play a role of disturbing the air flow, if the seeds falling from the seed sowing box 1 are blocked in the seed sorting pipeline 3, the seeds in the seed sorting pipeline can be blown upwards by the air flow generated by the air pump 6, and can be reordered when falling again, so that the pipeline blockage is prevented.
Furthermore, the counter can count the switching times of each electromagnetic valve, accurately measure the seed metering number, and accurately control the seeding process by controlling the switching of the electromagnetic valves.
The method can count the switching times of each electromagnetic valve in real time, so that the seed metering number is accurately metered, and the seeding is accurately controlled by controlling the switching of the electromagnetic valves, so that the seeding precision is high, the hole rate is low, the seeds are saved, and the land utilization rate is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an air-blowing precision drilling device, includes seed metering case (1) and seed outlet (9), seed metering case (1) bottom is equipped with seed metering hole (2), its characterized in that: the seed metering device is characterized by also comprising at least one group of seed metering mechanisms, wherein the seed metering mechanisms are arranged below the seed metering box (1) and comprise seed sequencing pipelines (3) and seed metering pipes (8), one ends of the seed sequencing pipelines (3) are connected with the seed metering box (1) through seed metering holes (2), and the other ends of the seed sequencing pipelines (3) are connected with the seed metering pipes (8); one end of the seed discharging pipe (8) can be connected with the air pump (6), an electromagnetic valve (5) is arranged on the seed discharging pipe (8) which can be connected with the air pump (6), and the other end of the seed discharging pipe (8) can be connected with the seed outlet (9); the joint of the seed sorting pipeline (3) and the seed sowing pipe (8) is a detection area (12), the detection area (12) is detected by a sensor, and the sensor can detect whether the detection area (12) is filled with seeds or not; the air-blowing type precision seeding device further comprises a controller, the controller comprises a signal input end and a signal output end, the sensor is provided with a signal output end, the signal output end of the sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve (5).
2. An air-blowing precision seed-metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sensor is a photoelectric sensor, a capacitance position sensor, an inductance position sensor, an ultrasonic position sensor or a Hall position sensor.
3. An air-blowing precision seed-metering device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the photoelectric sensor comprises a photoelectric emitter (10) and a photoelectric receiver (11), and the photoelectric emitter (10) and the photoelectric receiver (11) are oppositely arranged at the position of the intersection line of the seed sorting pipeline (3) and the seed discharging pipe (8).
4. An air-blowing precision seed-metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller is also provided with a counter.
5. An air-blowing precision seed-metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller is a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a single chip microcomputer or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
6. An air-blowing precision seed-metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and sealing rings (4) are arranged at two ends of the detection area (12) along the direction of the seed sowing pipe (8).
7. An air-blowing precision seed-metering device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the sealing ring (4) is made of rubber.
8. A method of air-blown precision drilling, characterized in that a device according to any one of claims 1-7 is used, and in that it comprises the following steps:
a. seed sowing: seeds are put into a seed box (1) and can enter a detection area (12) where a seed sorting pipeline (3) and a seed discharging pipe (8) are intersected through a seed discharging hole (2);
b. and (3) whether seed filling is detected: the detection area (12) is provided with a sensor, the sensor can detect whether seeds fall into the detection area (12), when the seeds are detected, the sensor transmits an electric signal to the controller, otherwise, no electric signal exists;
c. selecting a seed metering mechanism: one of the seed metering mechanisms which is filled with seeds is randomly selected through an electric signal received by the controller;
d. seed blowing: an electric signal is sent to the electromagnetic valve (5) arranged on the selected seed metering mechanism, namely, the electromagnetic valve (5) is opened to enable the gas in the air pump (6) to blow the seeds in the detection area (12) to the seed outlet (9).
9. The air-blowing precision seeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the counter can count the switching frequency of each electromagnetic valve, accurately measure the seed metering number, and accurately control the seeding process by controlling the switching of the electromagnetic valves.
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| CN202011483624.5A CN114631417B (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Air-blowing type precision seeding device and seeding method |
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2020
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| EP0254218A1 (en) * | 1986-07-25 | 1988-01-27 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer GmbH & Co. KG | Agricultural distributor |
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| CN106576528A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 湖南农业大学 | Seed spray device and sowing method |
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