CN114629105A - Power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method considering multi-party benefit balance - Google Patents
Power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method considering multi-party benefit balance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method considering multi-party benefit balance, which comprehensively considers multi-element main body voltage reactive power optimization control of a power distribution network source network storage, coordinates and optimizes a distributed photovoltaic power supply, a power distribution network (a capacitor bank, a static reactive power compensator and an on-load tap changer) and three-party benefit main body reactive power output of an energy storage system, reduces line network loss, relieves the problems of voltage out-of-limit and the like caused by photovoltaic and electric heating load access, and realizes safe and efficient operation of the power distribution network. In addition, the decisive role of the market on resource allocation is fully played, a policy system which takes low-carbon development as a general guide and is matched with the goals of energy conservation and efficiency improvement is promoted, the ordered development of new energy such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like is promoted, the new energy consumption capability is improved, the matching cooperation of a power supply and a power grid, and the matching cooperation of power generation and power utilization is realized, and the marketized development of electric power is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is suitable for operation scheduling work of urban distribution networks of public institutions of China, belongs to the field of urban network operation management, and particularly relates to a distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method considering multi-party interest balance.
Background
In order to deal with the increasingly severe energy crisis and the increasingly severe environmental problems, new channels and solutions are continuously sought and solved by countries in the world, renewable energy is widely concerned due to the unique advantages of the renewable energy, and the development of distributed energy such as photovoltaic energy, natural gas, wind power, biomass energy, geothermal energy and the like becomes important content for coping with climate change and guaranteeing energy safety in China. With the continuous improvement of the photovoltaic power generation technology, the photovoltaic power generation is continuously improved in the energy power generation proportion of China, and a photovoltaic system is connected to a terminal energy utilization link, so that the photovoltaic system can complement the load, the urban pollutant emission can be remarkably reduced, and the living environment quality is improved. In addition, to reduce environmental pollution, national grid companies propose electric energy replacement strategies.
In recent years, the proportion of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems connected to power distribution networks in China and electric heating loads of user terminals is continuously increased, so that the problem of partial power grid voltage out-of-limit is more and more serious. In order to relieve the uncertain influence on the power distribution network caused by the fact that the proportion of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system and the electric heating load of the user terminal is continuously increased, the fluctuation and the intermittence caused by photovoltaic grid connection are improved by adding the energy storage device, the demand side management is realized, peak regulation and valley filling are carried out, and the tide distribution is improved. However, after a large number of distributed photovoltaic power sources and power electronic equipment are connected, a reactive power optimization model of the power distribution network tends to be complex, and solving is further difficult. When the photovoltaic and energy storage system is continuously connected to the power distribution network, investment subjects present diversified trends, energy storage enterprises participating in power grid construction and management of distributed photovoltaic power generation operators and participating in demand response and the like also become newly added benefit subjects in the power distribution network, the traditional power grid administration mode and influence factors of each benefit subject are changed, and under the background, how to realize the voltage reactive power optimization operation of the power distribution network containing multiple benefit subjects under the new state background becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Currently, game theory methods are generally employed to coordinate benefits among multiple parties. The game theory is also called a strategy theory, a game office theory and the like, and mainly researches the mutual influence and mutual restriction among multi-party benefit agents, and each decision agent makes a theory of maximizing the benefit of the agent or a group according to the respectively allocable resources and capabilities. Under the market operation mechanism, the photovoltaic output and the energy storage system are influenced by the excitation measures and the peak-valley electricity price, and reactive power can be provided for a power grid through adjusting the inverter to match with the power grid to realize voltage reactive power balance, so that under the background of high-proportion renewable energy access and urban re-electrification, a photovoltaic power station and the energy storage system under the market mechanism need to be combined to research a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method with balanced interest in many aspects, the absorption capacity of the distributed photovoltaic power supply can be effectively improved, the voltage fluctuation is reduced, and an effective technical means is provided for the safe operation of the power distribution network.
Disclosure of Invention
Because distributed photovoltaic power generation operators and energy storage operators and the like participating in power grid construction become newly added benefit subjects in the power distribution network, the traditional power grid management mode is changed. In order to comprehensively consider multi-party interest balance and realize the maximum interest of each party, a multi-party interest balance distribution voltage reactive power optimization control strategy based on an auction game theory is provided, and a multi-party interest balance-based distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method considering multi-party interest balance, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a power distribution network voltage reactive power control framework considering multi-party benefit balance;
(2) establishing a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control main body model considering multi-party benefit balance;
(3) and solving the established power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control model with balanced multi-party benefits.
The invention discloses a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method considering multi-party interest balance, which comprehensively considers multi-party main body voltage reactive power optimization control of a power distribution network source network storage, coordinates and optimizes reactive power output of benefit main bodies of a distributed photovoltaic power supply, a power distribution network (a capacitor bank, a static reactive power compensator and an on-load tap changer) and an energy storage system, reduces line network loss, relieves the problems of voltage out-of-limit and the like caused by photovoltaic and electric heating load access, and realizes safe and efficient operation of the power distribution network. In addition, the decisive role of the market on resource allocation is fully played, a policy system which takes low-carbon development as a general guide and is matched with the goals of energy conservation and efficiency improvement is promoted, the ordered development of new energy such as wind power and photovoltaic is promoted, the new energy consumption capability is improved, the matching cooperation of a power supply and a power grid as well as power generation and power utilization is realized, and the marketized development of electric power is promoted.
Compared with the prior art, the method can effectively coordinate the reactive distribution of main voltages of all parties of source network storage in the power distribution network, reduce voltage fluctuation, promote new energy consumption and realize high-efficiency operation of the power distribution network.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interaction relationship of an active power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control model based on benefit balancing according to the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a solving process of a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control model for multi-party benefit balancing according to the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a typical power distribution grid structure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention relates to a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method considering multi-party benefit balance, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) building power distribution network voltage reactive power control framework considering multi-party benefit balance
The distribution network voltage reactive power optimization scheduling model with balanced multi-party benefits fully plays the autonomy of the distributed photovoltaic power supply and the energy storage participating reactive power mediation on the basis of ensuring the safe operation of the power grid, and considers the coordinated operation control of the distributed photovoltaic power supply, the distributed energy storage power station and the distribution network. Newly-increased benefit subjects such as distributed photovoltaic power sources and energy storage actively participate in the reactive power dispatching operation of the power grid, and corresponding economic benefits are obtained on the basis of providing certain reactive power support for the power grid. And taking all benefit principals participating in reactive power scheduling as basic optimization units, coordinating reactive power control of each principal according to respective power generation and utilization plans and operation constraints, and enabling the benefit of each principal to be maximum. Therefore, there is a need to develop methods to coordinate and control conflicting variables of various stakeholders, eventually to make them consistent. The interactive relation of the reactive power optimization control model of the voltage of the active power distribution network based on benefit balance is shown in figure 1.
According to the frame diagram shown in fig. 1, the invention establishes a power distribution network source network storage three-party main body optimization control model respectively, and provides a corresponding solving algorithm.
(2) Establishing a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control main body model considering multi-party benefit balance
At present, the main body participating in reactive power optimization of a power grid is mainly power distribution network reactive equipment, a distributed power supply and an energy storage system can provide reactive power output for the power grid through an inverter in actual operation, and in order to effectively utilize resources, the invention establishes a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control model considering the balance of interests of a distributed photovoltaic operator, a power distribution network operator and a distributed energy storage operator, wherein the three-party main body model comprises the following specific models:
1) distributed photovoltaic power operator model
In consideration of economy, a traditional distributed photovoltaic power supply operator mainly analyzes active power price, and different from a traditional analysis mode, the method mainly takes reactive power capacity provided by a distributed photovoltaic power supply to a power distribution network and economic benefit brought by the reactive power capacity as economic and technical indexes. Because the distributed photovoltaic power supply is merged into the power grid through the inverter, the reactive power can be sent to the power grid by adjusting the inverter, and the distributed photovoltaic power supply operator earnings C from the aspect of economyPVMaximum target, whose objective function is:
in the formula (1), CPVRepresenting distributed photovoltaic power operator revenue; n is a radical ofPVRepresenting the number of distributed photovoltaic power sources; cPVQ,iThe reactive power selling income of the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply is expressed by the mathematical expression of
Wherein C isselRepresenting the reactive power price, Q, sold by a distributed photovoltaic power operator to a distribution gridPVi,tThe reactive power quantity which can be sold to the power distribution network by the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply at the moment t is represented; cPVB,iRepresents a government subsidy for the ith distributed photovoltaic power source; cPVY,iRepresenting the operation and maintenance cost of the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply; cPVF,iRepresenting the cost of reactive power generated by the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply.
Distributed photovoltaic power supply constraints include distributed photovoltaic power supply operation constraints, reactive power constraints that can be provided to the grid, power factor constraints, and grid-tie point voltage constraints.
In the formula (2), PPVi,tAnd QPVi,tRespectively outputting active power and available reactive capacity at the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply t moment; sPVi,tThe operation capacity of the distributed photovoltaic power supply at the ith time t is obtained; qPVi,tmaxAnd QPVi,tminRespectively obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of reactive power output of the distributed photovoltaic power supply at the ith t moment; qPVi,minGrid-connected voltage is the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply; u shapePVi,maxAnd UPVi,minThe maximum value and the minimum value of the allowable fluctuation of the voltage of the grid-connected point of the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply are respectively; phi is the power factor.
2) Power distribution company model
The power distribution company is a builder and an operation manager of a power grid, and the economic model of the power distribution company mainly considers the reactive capacity input by reactive equipment configured in the power distribution network and the cost generated by the reactive capacity as well as the reactive cost purchased from a distributed photovoltaic power supply operator and a distributed energy storage operator according to the constraint condition of safe operation of the power grid company. The target function is the maximum target of the reactive income of the power distribution company:
maxCDNQ＝CGDQ-(CPVQ+CSTQ+CCQ+CSVCQ+CTQ) (3)
in the formula (3), CDNQReactive revenue for the distribution company; cGDQThe reactive cost of power purchasing is reduced for users; cPVQAnd CSTQRespectively purchasing cost of no work for the power distribution network to a distributed photovoltaic power supply operator and a distributed energy storage operator; cCQAnd CSVCQProviding reactive power switching cost for the capacitor bank and the static reactive compensator to the power distribution network respectively; cTQTo adjust the transformer tap cost.
Safe operation constraint of distribution network
In the power distribution network flow constraint, reactive power provided by a reactive capacitor bank, a static reactive compensator and an on-load tap changer for adjusting a tap joint of an on-load tap changer to a power grid is mainly considered in the reactive power constraint, and a constraint equation is as follows:
in the formula (4), Pi,tAnd Qi,tRespectively the active power and the reactive power of the i node at the moment t; pPVi,tAnd QPVi,tRespectively injecting active power and reactive power into the distributed power supply at a node i in a time period t; pLi,tAnd QLi,tRespectively the active power and the reactive power of the load at the moment t of the inode; qCi,tAnd QSVCi,tRespectively accessing reactive power capacity for a capacitor bank and a static reactive power compensator at a system node i in a time period t; qTi,tThe reactive capacity of the loaded regulating transformer is accessed to a node i of the system in the period t; gij,tAnd Bij,tRespectively a conductance value and a susceptance value between a system node i and a node j in the period t; u shapei，tThe voltage amplitude of the system node i is t time period; thetaijThe phase difference between the voltages of node i and node j.
② line safety operation restriction
The circuit needs to meet the branch current, voltage constraint and radial safe operation constraint conditions during operation.
In the formula (5), IiAnd Ii.maxThe current amplitude of the branch i and the maximum value of the current amplitude of the branch i are respectively, and n is the number of branches; u shapei.maxAnd Ui.minMaximum and minimum voltage values, g, respectively, allowed for node ipAnd GPRespectively, the current network architecture and the allowed radial network configuration.
Operation constraint of group switching capacitor and static var compensator
In actual operation, both the capacitor bank and the static var compensator can provide reactive power for a power grid, the operation times and switching time of the capacitor bank in one period are strictly limited, and the static var compensator is not limited by the switching times, so that the capacitor bank not only needs to meet compensation capacity constraint in operation, but also needs to meet switching time constraint and operation time constraint, and the static var compensator needs to meet capacity constraint in operation. The capacitor bank adopts a traditional constraint equation, namely, the switching times, time and reactive capacity are not over-limited; the static var compensator constraint mainly considers the capacity constraint.
Transformer operation restraint
For the control of the voltage of the power distribution network containing the distributed power supply, the voltage can be regulated by changing a tap of the transformer, and the constraint equation is as follows:
in the formula (6), 24 is the calculated time of day, GTi,minAnd GTi,maxRespectively the lowest and highest gear of the tap of the on-load tap-changing transformer i, NTThe number of on-load tap changers.
3) Distributed energy storage operator model
The traditional distributed energy storage operator considers the economy, and the traditional distributed energy storage operator mainly considers the active power price, and the economic technical indexes adopted by the invention mainly consider the reactive power capacity provided by the distributed energy storage system to the power distribution network and the economic benefit brought by the reactive power capacity. Because the distributed energy storage system also needs to be merged into the power grid through the inverter, the reactive power can be sent to the power grid by adjusting the parameters of the inverter, and the distributed energy storage operator earnings C are obtained from economySTMaximum target, whose objective function is:
in the formula (7), CSTRepresenting distributed energy storage operator revenue; n is a radical ofSTRepresenting the number of distributed energy storage power stations; cSTQ,iThe reactive power selling income of the ith distributed energy storage power station is expressed by the mathematical expression of
Wherein C isselRepresenting the reactive power price sold by the distributed energy storage operator to the power distribution network; qPVi，tThe reactive power quantity which can be sold to the power distribution network by the ith distributed energy storage power station at the moment t is represented; cSTY，iRepresenting the operation and maintenance cost of the ith distributed energy storage power station; cSTF，iAnd the cost of generating reactive power of the ith distributed energy storage power station is represented.
The constraints of the distributed energy storage power station mainly comprise the operation constraints of the distributed energy storage power station, the reactive power and power factor constraints which can be provided for a power grid, and the voltage constraints of a grid connection point.
In the formula (8), PSTi,tAnd QSTi,tRespectively the active power and the available reactive power output by the ith distributed energy storage power station at the moment t; sSTi,tThe operation capacity of the ith distributed energy storage power station at the moment t; qSTi,tmaxAnd QSTi,tminRespectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the reactive power output of the ith distributed energy storage power station at the moment t; qSTi，minGrid-connected voltage is the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply; u shapeSTi，maxAnd USTi，minRespectively determining the maximum value and the minimum value allowed by the voltage fluctuation of the grid-connected point of the ith distributed energy storage power station; phi is the power factor.
(3) Solving the established power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control model with balanced multi-party benefits
The method comprises the following steps of:
first, data is initialized. The method comprises the steps of enabling a distributed photovoltaic power supply, a capacitor bank, a static reactive compensator, a load tap changer and the capacity S, the active P, the reactive Q, the voltage V and the node number N of an energy storage system to be equivalent, meanwhile, setting iteration times, and calculating initial data according to the load flow of an actual power grid or a typical power grid network structure.
Determining the auction agent and the initial auction price. And the power distribution network combines the nodes which do not meet the safe operation requirement according to the operation constraint condition formula (4) and the operation constraint condition formula (5) to form an auction intelligent agent set A for auctioning a task set T and an agent task which need to be completed, and determines an initial auction price, wherein the initial price is obtained according to the clearing price of the current power market.
T＝{T1，T2，…，Tm} (9)
A＝{A1，A2，…，Am} (10)
And thirdly, calculating respective competitive bidding prices by the auction agents and bidding to the auction agents. The distributed photovoltaic operators, the on-load tap changers and the distributed energy storage operators bid according to self constraint condition formulas (2), (6) and (8) and the power distribution network reactive power equipment safe operation constraint condition according to the power market reactive power price, an auction intelligent body set B participating in the auction is formed, a profit set U and a paid price set C are obtained for completing tasks by the intelligent bodies, the sets U and C can be obtained through calculation according to the formulas (1), (3) and (7), and a bidding price set P of the auction intelligent bodies is formed.
In the formulae (11), (12) and (13),
representing agent BiCompletion of task TjThe benefit obtained;
represents an intellectual body BiCompletion of task TjThe cost to pay;
representing agent BiAuction task TjThe bid price of (1).
And fourthly, the auction agent continuously updates the auction price according to the result of the bid price set P obtained in the third step and the greedy principle.
Judging whether the objective function is met, if the objective function is not met, returning to the step 3, and adjusting the bidding price by the auction agent to bid again; if the requirements are met, the next step is carried out.
Sixthly, informing the auction agent and obtaining the distribution result to realize the transaction. The distribution company sends a reactive power size adjustment instruction to each operator participating in allocation and each reactive power device participating in allocation, and each operator, each reactive power device and each transformer respond to the instruction, so that reactive power optimized operation is realized.
The complete solving process of the power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control model with multi-benefit balance is shown in fig. 2.
Taking a typical power distribution network frame structure as an example, as shown in fig. 3, the maximum allowable range of voltage deviation of a 10kV power distribution network is-7% to + 7%, and photovoltaic with the capacity of 1.2MVA is respectively connected to nodes [5, 11, 14, 21, 28, 36, 43, 52, 59, 65 ]; energy storage batteries with the capacity of 1.5MVA are respectively connected to the nodes [4, 8, 13, 20, 29, 43, 51, 61 and 67 ]; the nodes [16, 23, 35, 38 and 54] are respectively connected with a capacitor bank with the capacity of 330 kVA; on-load tap changers with the capacity of 200kVA are respectively connected to the nodes [16, 23, 35, 39 and 54 ]; a static reactive compensator with the capacity of 3MVA is accessed to the node [2 ]; a typical distribution network total load is (3802.19+ j2694.6) kVA.
Because photovoltaic power generation is influenced by the environment, the problem of voltage out-of-limit is easy to occur in the actual operation; in addition, the problem of voltage out-of-limit also often appears at the end of the line, and therefore, a plurality of typical photovoltaic grid-connected points and line end nodes are selected as key nodes for detection. The partial key node voltage conditions before and after optimization are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 optimization of partial key node out-of-limit conditions of the pre-distribution network
As can be seen from Table 1, during the time period from 9:00 to 15:00, the nodes 7, 27, 41, 58 and 69 all have the over-limit condition, and the over-limit condition of the nodes 7 and 27 is more serious and is always at the upper voltage limit during the time period. At 21: 00-23:00, the lower the limit of the nodes 7, 21, 27, 41 and 65, especially the limit of the node 27 is very serious.
TABLE 2 optimized partial key node out-of-limit condition of power distribution network
As can be seen from Table 2, in the time period from 9:00 to 15:00, the nodes 7, 27, 41, 58 and 69 are all limited within a reasonable range, the upper limit situation of the whole network is not exceeded, and the out-of-limit situations of the node 7 and the node 27 are obviously improved. At 21: 00-23:00, the lower limit of the nodes 7, 21, 27, 41 and 65 is eliminated, and all nodes in the whole network are limited within a reasonable range.
According to the method, the distribution network operators, the photovoltaic operators and the energy storage operators are optimized by maximizing the benefits of the operators, corresponding strategies are made through auction game, reactive voltage control is carried out, and the out-of-limit node voltage is adjusted by adjusting the internal reactive output of each operator. The optimal scheme of the calculation example is obtained according to the algorithm, the reactive power price of the power distribution network, the compensation cost and cost of the photovoltaic reactive power output and the energy storage reactive power output at each moment, the reactive power benefits are shown in tables 3 and 4, and the main body gains are shown in table 5.
TABLE 3 photovoltaic reactive power take-off and distribution network reactive price compensation conditions
TABLE 4 energy storage reactive power take-off and reactive price compensation of distribution network
TABLE 5 cost/benefit comparison of various stakeholders before and after optimization
According to the table 3, the table 4 and the table 5, by means of the reactive power optimization control of each main body of the power distribution network, under the condition that no additional equipment is added, not only is the voltage of the power grid constrained within a safe and reasonable operation range, voltage fluctuation is reduced, but also the economic benefits of each main body are improved, and the maximum benefits of each main body are realized.
The technical means not described in detail in the present application are known techniques.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control method considering multi-party benefit balance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) building a power distribution network voltage reactive power control framework considering multi-party benefit balance;
(2) establishing a power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control main body model considering multi-party benefit balance;
(3) and solving the established power distribution network voltage reactive power optimization control model with balanced multi-party benefits.
2. The method for controlling the voltage reactive power optimization of the power distribution network considering the multi-party interest balance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) specifically comprises establishing a voltage reactive power optimization control model of the power distribution network considering the multi-party interest balance of a distributed photovoltaic operator, a power distribution network operator and a distributed energy storage operator.
3. The method for controlling the voltage and the reactive power of the power distribution network considering the multi-party interest balance in claim 2,
the distributed photovoltaic power supply operator model comprises the following steps:
because the distributed photovoltaic power supply is merged into the power grid through the inverter, the reactive power can be sent to the power grid by adjusting the inverter, and the distributed photovoltaic power supply operator earnings C from the aspect of economyPVMaximum target, whose objective function is:
in the formula (1), CPVRepresenting distributed photovoltaic power operator revenue; n is a radical ofPVRepresenting the number of distributed photovoltaic power sources; cPVQ,iThe reactive power selling income of the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply is expressed by the mathematical expression of
Wherein C isselRepresenting reactive power tariff, Q, of a distributed photovoltaic power operator's sale to a power distribution gridPVi,tThe reactive power quantity which can be sold to the power distribution network by the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply at the moment t is represented; cPVB，iRepresents a government subsidy for the ith distributed photovoltaic power source; cPVY，iRepresenting the operation and maintenance cost of the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply; cPVF，iRepresents the ith distributionThe cost of generating reactive power by the photovoltaic power supply,
the distributed photovoltaic power supply constraints comprise distributed photovoltaic power supply operation constraints, reactive power constraints which can be provided for a power grid, power factor constraints and grid-connected point voltage constraints;
in the formula (2), PPVi，tAnd QPVi，tRespectively outputting active power and available reactive capacity at the moment t of the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply; sPVi，tThe operation capacity of the distributed photovoltaic power supply at the ith time t is obtained; qPVi，tmaxAnd QPVi，tminRespectively being the maximum value and the minimum value of the reactive power output of the distributed photovoltaic power supply at the ith time t; qPVi，minGrid-connected voltage is the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply; u shapePVi，maxAnd UPVi,minThe maximum value and the minimum value of the allowable fluctuation of the voltage of the grid-connected point of the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply are respectively; phi is the power factor.
4. The method for controlling the voltage and the reactive power of the power distribution network considering the multi-party interest balance in claim 2,
the power distribution company model is as follows:
the objective function of the method is that the maximum reactive income of a power distribution company is as an objective:
maxCDNQ＝CGDQ-(CPVQ+CSTQ+CCQ+CSVCQ+CTQ) (3)
in the formula (3), CDNQReactive revenue for the distribution company; cGDQThe reactive cost of power purchasing is reduced for users; cPVQAnd CSTQRespectively purchasing reactive expenses for the power distribution network to a distributed photovoltaic power supply operator and a distributed energy storage operator; cCQAnd CSVCQReactive power switching cost is provided for the capacitor bank and the static reactive compensator to the power distribution network respectively; cTQTo adjust the cost of tapping the transformer;
safe operation constraint of distribution network
In the power distribution network flow constraint, reactive power provided by a reactive capacitor bank, a static reactive compensator and an on-load tap changer for adjusting a tap joint of an on-load tap changer to a power grid is mainly considered in the reactive power constraint, and a constraint equation is as follows:
in the formula (4), Pi，tAnd Qi,tRespectively the active power and the reactive power of the i node at the moment t; pPVi,tAnd QPVi,tRespectively injecting active power and reactive power into the distributed power supply at a node i in a time period t; pLi,tAnd QLi，tRespectively the active power and the reactive power of the load at the moment t of the inode; qCi，tAnd QSVCi，tReactive capacity is respectively accessed to a capacitor bank and a static reactive compensator at a system node i in the t period; qTi，tThe reactive capacity of an on-load tap changer at a system node i in the t period is accessed; gij,tAnd Bij,tRespectively a conductance value and a susceptance value between a system node i and a node j in the period t; u shapei,tThe voltage amplitude of the system node i is t time period; thetaijThe phase difference between the voltages of node i and node j;
② line safety operation restriction
The circuit needs to meet the constraint conditions of branch current, voltage and radial safe operation in operation.
In the formula (5), IiAnd Ii.maxThe maximum values of the current amplitude of the branch i and the current amplitude of the branch i are respectively obtained, and n is the number of the branches; u shapei.maxAnd Ui.minMaximum and minimum voltage values, g, respectively, allowed for node ipAnd GPRespectively representing the current network structure and the allowed radial network configuration;
operation constraint of group switching capacitor and static var compensator
In actual operation, both the capacitor bank and the static var compensator can provide reactive power for a power grid, the operation times and the switching time of the capacitor bank in one period are strictly limited, and the static var compensator is not limited by the switching times, so that the capacitor bank not only needs to meet compensation capacity constraint but also needs to meet switching time constraint and operation time constraint in operation, and the static var compensator needs to meet capacity constraint in operation. The capacitor bank adopts a traditional constraint equation, namely, the switching times, time and reactive capacity are not over-limited; the static reactive compensator constraint mainly considers the capacity constraint;
transformer operation restraint
For the control of the voltage of the power distribution network containing the distributed power supply, the voltage can be regulated by changing the tap joint of the transformer, and the constraint equation is as follows:
in the formula (6), 24 is the calculated time of day, GTi，minAnd GTi，maxRespectively the lowest and highest gear of the tap of the on-load tap-changing transformer i, NTThe number of on-load tap changers.
5. The method for controlling the voltage and the reactive power of the power distribution network considering the multi-party interest balance in claim 2,
the distributed energy storage operator model is as follows:
operator revenue C with distributed energy storageSTMaximum target, whose objective function is:
in the formula (7), CSTRepresenting distributed energy storage operator revenue; n is a radical ofSTRepresentThe number of distributed energy storage power stations; cSTQ，iThe reactive power selling income of the ith distributed energy storage power station is expressed by the mathematical expression of
Wherein CselRepresenting the reactive power price sold by the distributed energy storage operator to the power distribution network; qPVi，tThe reactive power quantity which can be sold to the power distribution network by the ith distributed energy storage power station at the moment t is represented; cSTY，iRepresenting the operation and maintenance cost of the ith distributed energy storage power station; cSTF，iRepresenting the cost of generating reactive power of the ith distributed energy storage power station;
the constraints of the distributed energy storage power station mainly comprise the operation constraints of the distributed energy storage power station, the reactive power and power factor constraints which can be provided for a power grid and the voltage constraints of a grid-connected point.
In the formula (8), PSTi,tAnd QSTi,tRespectively the active power and the available reactive power output by the ith distributed energy storage power station at the moment t; sSTi,tThe operation capacity of the ith distributed energy storage power station at the moment t; qSTi,tmaxAnd QSTi,tminRespectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the reactive power output of the ith distributed energy storage power station at the moment t; qSTi,minGrid-connected voltage is the ith distributed photovoltaic power supply; u shapeSTi,maxAnd USTi,minRespectively determining the maximum value and the minimum value allowed by the voltage fluctuation of the grid-connected point of the ith distributed energy storage power station; phi is the power factor.
6. The method for controlling the voltage and the reactive power of the power distribution network considering the multi-party interest balance is characterized in that in the step (2), the auction solving process of the multi-party interest balanced voltage and the reactive power of the power distribution network is as follows:
initializing data, wherein the data comprise the values of the capacity S, the active P, the reactive Q, the voltage V and the node number N of a distributed photovoltaic power supply, a capacitor bank, a static reactive power compensator, an on-load tap changer and an energy storage system, and the iteration times are set at the same time, and the initial data are obtained by calculation according to the load flow of an actual power grid or a typical power grid network structure;
determining auction intelligent bodies and initial auction prices, combining nodes which do not meet safe operation requirements by a power distribution network according to an operation constraint condition formula (4) and a formula (5), forming an auction intelligent body set A for auctioning a task set T and an agent task to be completed, determining the initial auction prices, and obtaining the initial prices according to the clearing prices of the power market on the same day;
T＝{T1，T2，…，Tm} (9)
A＝{A1，A2，…，Am} (10)
and thirdly, calculating respective auction prices by the auction agents and bidding to the auction agents. The distributed photovoltaic operators, the on-load tap changers and the distributed energy storage operators respectively bid according to self constraint condition formulas (2), (6) and (8) and the power distribution network reactive equipment safe operation constraint condition according to the power market idle discharge price to form an auction intelligent body set B participating in auction, a profit set U and a payment cost set C obtained by the intelligent bodies for completing tasks, wherein the sets U and C can be obtained by calculation according to the formulas (1), (3) and (7) and form a bid price set P of the auction intelligent bodies;
in the formulae (11), (12) and (13),
representing agent BiCompletion of task TjThe benefits obtained;
representing agent BiCompletion of task TjThe cost to pay;
representing agent BiAuction task TjThe bid price of (c);
fourthly, the auction agent continuously updates the auction price according to the result of the bid price set P obtained in the third step and the greedy principle;
judging whether the objective function is met, if the objective function is not met, returning to the step 3, and adjusting the bidding price by the auction agent to bid again; if the requirements are met, the next step is carried out;
sixthly, informing the auction agent and obtaining the distribution result to realize the transaction. The distribution company sends a reactive power size adjustment instruction to each operator participating in allocation and each reactive power device participating in adjustment, and each operator, each reactive power device and each transformer respond to realize reactive power optimized operation.
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| CN115693687B (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2024-01-23 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Autonomous regulation and control method for distribution network of transformer area in consideration of comprehensive regulation cost |
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