CN114628179B - 一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法 - Google Patents

一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法 Download PDF

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CN114628179B
CN114628179B CN202210380680.9A CN202210380680A CN114628179B CN 114628179 B CN114628179 B CN 114628179B CN 202210380680 A CN202210380680 A CN 202210380680A CN 114628179 B CN114628179 B CN 114628179B
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copper
tungsten
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layer
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马占峰
肖鹏
严旭
陈铮
朱凯
梁淑华
路媛婧
温斌斌
刘楠
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Xian University of Technology
Xian XD Switchgear Electric Co Ltd
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Xian XD Switchgear Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法,包括:将一定量的钨粉冷压成坯后烧结,在烧结好的钨块上方,放置一定量的铜合金块熔渗;再在熔渗好的铜钨合金待连接面抛光后电镀一定厚度的Ag层,然后将铜合金试样块放置于经表面切削的铜钨合金试样块上方,置于气氛加热炉中加热进行连接;最后通过固溶及时效处理得到铜钨合金‑铜合金复合材料触头。本发明通过将电镀Ag层作为中间连接层,既实现了CuW与Cu合金的高强度连接,又减小了过渡层对CuW/Cu合金整体触头导电率的影响。

Description

一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法,适用于制造高压电器开关和断路器的触头。
背景技术
在电接触领域,铜钨合金因其良好的导电导热性、耐压值高、分断电流能力强、耐电弧烧蚀、抗材料转移能力强、抗熔焊性能优良,以及接触电阻低等优良性能,从出现之后即用于高压开关电器的电触头材料。铜钨合金需要与铜合金连接制备成整体触头,以同时兼顾电触头零部件的界面结合强度与导电能力。
目前国内外高压触头连接主要有以下四种方法:
1.钎焊
焊接时变形小,所以尺寸精度容易控制,很容易实现异种材料的连接。但是受钎焊焊接工艺的制约,结合面形状在一定程度上受到限制。
2.热等静压扩散焊
扩散焊需使待焊表面相接触,通过使界面产生液相或微量塑性变形增大物理接触。其连接的触头接头质量好,连接强度高,变形小。然而由于接合面要求高,其应用受到限制,且成本较高。
3.电子束焊
电子束焊焊接时无需焊料,也无焊缝结构,连接速度快,热影响区小,焊接强度高,接头质量好。但是由于电子束焊仍然是热熔焊,在焊缝附近的铜同样会发生退火而软化,从而影响其性能。此外,电子束焊的结合面必须为平面,这一缺点也限制了其应用。
随着电网容量的增加,对触头导电能力和界面结合强度提出了更高的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法,解决了现有连接技术难以实现铜钨合金与铜合金高强度连接的问题。
本发明采用如下技术方案来实现的:
一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:熔渗
将一定量的钨粉冷压成坯,利用熔渗制备得到CuW合金;
步骤二:电镀
将步骤一得到的CuW合金待连接面抛光处理,然后在抛光面电镀一层Ag;
步骤三:连接
将步骤二中镀Ag后的CuW合金置于高纯石墨坩埚中,在Ag层顶部放置Cu合金,最后置于气氛烧结炉中加热并保温一定的时间,然后随炉冷却;
步骤四:热处理
将步骤三中连接好的合金块进行固溶及时效处理。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述步骤一中,CuW合金中Cu含量为15wt%~35wt%。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述步骤一中,熔渗温度为1150~1400℃,保温时间为1~4h。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述步骤二中,在CuW表面Ag电镀层的厚度为0.5~500μm。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述步骤三中,Cu合金成分中Cr为0.05wt%~1.0wt%,Zr为0~1.0wt%,其余为Cu。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述步骤三中,气氛烧结炉中加热的具体参数为:以8~15℃/min的速度升温到960℃,保温0.5~1h后以2~5℃/min升温到1200~1450℃,保温2~6h,然后随炉冷却。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述步骤四中,固溶温度为800~1100℃,时间1~3h。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述步骤四中,时效温度为200~600℃,时间10~100h。
本发明至少具有如下有益的技术效果:
本发明突出的特点体现在选择Ag作为中间过渡层,在高温下Ag可以与Cu发生互扩散,不仅实现CuW合金和Cu合金的高强度连接,Ag镀层还可通过扩散完成自消耗,进而完全消除过渡层界面,界面结合强度显著高于原有焊接界面;此外,室温下Ag与W不互溶,且在Cu中的溶解度极小,因此扩散到Cu中的Ag可以通过热处理工艺的调整,实现Ag的接近完全析出,减小对导电的影响,进而获得更高导电率的CuW/Cu合金整体触头。
具体实施方式
下面将更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然以下公开的示例性实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例一:
步骤一:熔渗
将一定量的钨粉冷压成坯,利用熔渗制备得到CuW70合金,熔渗温度为1290℃,保温时间为2h;
步骤二:电镀
将步骤一得到的CuW合金待连接面抛光处理后,在抛光面电镀50μm厚度的Ag层;
步骤三:连接
将步骤二中镀Ag后的CuW70合金置于高纯石墨坩埚中,在Ag层顶部放置Cu合金,Cu合金成分Cr为0.05wt%,Zr为0.2wt%。最后置于气氛烧结炉中加热并保温一定的时间,具体工艺为以8℃/min的速度升温到960℃,保温0.5h后以2℃/min升温到1200℃,保温2h,然后随炉冷却;
步骤四:热处理
将步骤三中连接好的合金块进行固溶及时效处理,具体参数为固溶温度800℃,时间1h。时效温度为200℃,时间20h。经后续机械加工即可得到铜钨/铜合金触头,检测表明Ag元素均匀分布在CuW和Cu合金基体中,界面处不存在金属间化合物,界面结合强度为334MPa,远高于GB/T 8320-2017要求的226MPa。
实施例二:
步骤一:熔渗
将一定量的钨粉冷压成坯,利用熔渗制备得到CuW75合金,熔渗温度为1310℃,保温时间为1.5h;
步骤二:电镀
将步骤一得到的CuW合金待连接面抛光处理后,在抛光面电镀100μm厚度的Ag层;
步骤三:连接
将步骤二中镀Ag后的CuW75合金置于高纯石墨坩埚中,在Ag层顶部放置Cu合金,Cu合金成分Cr为0.1wt%,Zr为0.4wt%。最后置于气氛烧结炉中加热并保温一定的时间,具体工艺为以10℃/min的速度升温到960℃,保温1h后以3℃/min升温到1250℃,保温3h,然后随炉冷却;
步骤四:热处理
将步骤三中连接好的合金块进行固溶及时效处理,具体参数为固溶温度900℃,时间2h。时效温度为300℃,时间40h。经后续机械加工即可得到铜钨/铜合金触头,检测表明Ag元素均匀分布在CuW和Cu合金基体中,界面处不存在金属间化合物,界面结合强度为318MPa,远高于GB/T 8320-2017要求的226MPa。
实施例三:
步骤一:熔渗
将一定量的钨粉冷压成坯,利用熔渗制备得到CuW80合金,熔渗温度为1330℃,保温时间为2h;
步骤二:电镀
将步骤一得到的CuW合金待连接面抛光处理后,在抛光面电镀100μm厚度的Ag层;
步骤三:连接
将步骤二中镀Ag后的CuW合金置于高纯石墨坩埚中,在Ag层顶部放置Cu合金,Cu合金成分Cr为0.1wt%,Zr为0.4wt%。最后置于气氛烧结炉中加热并保温一定的时间,具体工艺为以10℃/min的速度升温到960℃,保温1h后以3℃/min升温到1300℃,保温4h,然后随炉冷却;
步骤四:热处理
将步骤三中连接好的合金块进行固溶及时效处理,具体参数为固溶温度1000℃,时间1h。时效温度为400℃,时间60h。经后续机械加工即可得到铜钨/铜合金触头,检测表明Ag元素均匀分布在CuW80和Cu合金基体中,界面处不存在金属间化合物,界面结合强度为342MPa,远高于GB/T 8320-2017要求的226MPa。
实施例四:
步骤一:熔渗
将一定量的钨粉冷压成坯,利用熔渗制备得到CuW70合金,熔渗温度为1300℃,保温时间为1.5h;
步骤二:电镀
将步骤一得到的CuW合金待连接面抛光处理后,在抛光面电镀100μm厚度的Ag层;
步骤三:连接
将步骤二中镀Ag后的CuW合金置于高纯石墨坩埚中,在Ag层顶部放置Cu合金,Cu合金成分Cr为0.1wt%,Zr为0.4wt%。最后置于气氛烧结炉中加热并保温一定的时间,具体工艺为以10℃/min的速度升温到960℃,保温1h后以3℃/min升温到1400℃,保温4h,然后随炉冷却;
步骤四:热处理
将步骤三中连接好的合金块进行固溶及时效处理,具体参数为固溶温度1100℃,时间1h。时效温度为500℃,时间80h。经后续机械加工即可得到铜钨/铜合金触头,检测表明Ag元素均匀分布在CuW70和Cu合金基体中,界面处不存在金属间化合物,界面结合强度为346MPa,远高于GB/T 8320-2017要求的226MPa。
实施例五:
步骤一:熔渗
将一定量的钨粉冷压成坯,利用熔渗制备得到CuW80合金,熔渗温度为1350℃,保温时间为2h;
步骤二:电镀
将步骤一得到的CuW合金待连接面抛光处理后,在抛光面电镀100μm厚度的Ag层;
步骤三:连接
将步骤二中镀Ag后的CuW合金置于高纯石墨坩埚中,在Ag层顶部放置Cu合金,Cu合金成分Cr为0.1wt%,Zr为0.4wt%。最后置于气氛烧结炉中加热并保温一定的时间,具体工艺为以10℃/min的速度升温到960℃,保温1h后以3℃/min升温到1450℃,保温4h,然后随炉冷却;
步骤四:热处理
将步骤三中连接好的合金块进行固溶及时效处理,具体参数为固溶温度1000℃,时间2h。时效温度为600℃,时间100h。经后续机械加工即可得到铜钨/铜合金触头,检测表明Ag元素均匀分布在CuW和Cu合金基体中,界面处不存在金属间化合物,界面结合强度为322MPa,远高于GB/T 8320-2017要求的226MPa。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:熔渗
将一定量的钨粉冷压成坯,利用熔渗制备得到CuW合金;CuW合金中Cu含量为15wt%~35wt%;熔渗温度为1150~1400℃,保温时间为1~4h;
步骤二:电镀
将步骤一得到的CuW合金待连接面抛光处理,然后在抛光面电镀一层Ag;在CuW表面Ag电镀层的厚度为0.5~100μm;
步骤三:连接
将步骤二中镀Ag后的CuW合金置于高纯石墨坩埚中,在Ag层顶部放置Cu合金,最后置于气氛烧结炉中加热并保温一定的时间,然后随炉冷却;气氛烧结炉中加热的具体参数为:以8~15℃/min的速度升温到960℃,保温0.5~1h后以2~5℃/min升温到1200~1450℃,保温2~6h,然后随炉冷却;
步骤四:热处理
将步骤三中连接好的合金块进行固溶及时效处理。
2.根据权利要求1以所述的一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中,Cu合金成分中Cr为0.05wt%~1.0wt%,Zr为0~1.0wt%,其余为Cu。
3.根据权利要求1以所述的一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中,固溶温度为800~1100℃,时间1~3h。
4.根据权利要求1以所述的一种铜钨合金与铜合金的连接方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中,时效温度为200~600℃,时间10~100h。
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