CN114626922A - Self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform based on block chain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a block chain-based self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform, and relates to the technical field of energy Internet and block chains. The platform comprises a physical layer, a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, a transaction layer, an execution layer and an application layer; the physical layer comprises various energy devices in the multi-energy market; the data layer is a chained database with a timestamp and is used for backing up and storing all historical transaction data of the multi-energy market; the network layer is used for user identity authentication and identification, and provides a point-to-point network protocol and data transmission; the consensus layer is used for encapsulating a consensus mechanism of the block chain and an algorithm of the consensus mechanism, and providing an application programming interface for the transaction layer; the transaction layer carries out energy matching and agreement between the energy buyer and the energy seller to form an intelligent contract; the execution layer is used for executing the intelligent contract of the transaction layer and executing energy transmission and metering; the application program layer is used for providing transaction input, information inquiry and data analysis for participants and managers of energy transactions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy Internet and block chain, in particular to a block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform.
Background
The energy is an important basic support which cannot be kept away in production and life of the modern society. The traditional energy consumption mainly depends on non-renewable traditional fossil energy sources such as coal, petroleum and the like. However, these non-renewable energy sources will be exhausted in the end, and with the large-scale exploitation of non-renewable energy sources, they are not only faced with the situation of resource exhaustion, but also accompanied with waste discharge when in use, and seriously endanger the natural environment on which we live. Therefore, relieving the pressure of the rapid increase of energy demand and the reduction of environmental protection has become a problem to be solved urgently in energy development, and the traditional energy utilization mode with high carbonization, centralized and low energy utilization rate obviously does not meet the requirement of the era. In order to fully exert the complementary cooperation among various energy sources, fully improve the utilization rate of the energy sources, reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and ensure that the energy sources in different forms such as electricity, gas, heat and cold are more closely interdependent. Conventional energy systems have been gradually transformed into multi-energy systems. This will increase the difficulty of energy management and make the energy transaction process more complicated.
Comprehensive utilization of energy is an effective way for improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon dioxide emission and improving the popularization rate of renewable energy, and is one of the most important energy problems in the world. Therefore, Integrated Energy Systems (IESs) coupled with electricity, gas, heat, cold, and other energy sources are rapidly developing. The multi-energy market is an energy trading and transfer model in IES, and its main goal is to ensure energy supply and demand balance and increase the proportion of renewable energy consumption. Energy trading in the multi-energy market is subject to a number of uncertainties, especially the intermittent behaviour of renewable energy sources and fluctuations in customer demand. The real-time energy management can effectively solve the influence of various uncertainties on the multi-energy market and ensure the instantaneous balance of energy. Meanwhile, compared with a fixed energy price, the real-time energy price is more favorable for exerting the function of a market mechanism, and the profit maximization is realized while the participation of customers is considered.
The blockchain technology is most suitable for the P2P energy trading field. It can provide an innovative trading platform for immutable registration and recording of asset, power generation and consumption data, particularly in complex energy systems with many subsystems interacting and intersecting. Therefore, the blockchain is widely concerned by the industry and researchers as an indispensable tool for digitalizing the future in the energy field, and has won the title of "subversive technology". The reason why the block chain technology is introduced into the energy trading field is as follows: first, a blockchain based distributed network avoids trading centers through a bottom-up energy management mode. This mode not only can guarantee the privacy of the participant, but also can effectively promote demand response in the energy system. Secondly, the blockchain lowers the threshold of energy producers, and promotes more energy sellers to enter the multi-energy market. Thirdly, the energy purchaser can freely select the energy using mode through the transaction system, and the reduction of energy consumption cost is promoted. Fourthly, the chained data structure of the block chain can automatically record the transaction agreement which is achieved before according to the transaction time, and solve the problem of inconsistent information through a unique consensus mechanism. Finally, the decentralized trust mode of the blockchain can eliminate central authorities or third party intermediaries, help the IES to save operating cost, avoid energy monopoly, and reduce data security risks.
Meanwhile, the efficiency and the income of the energy market can be improved by the bidirectional auction mechanism and the adaptive learning bidding strategy. However, existing energy bidding research is aimed at electric power trading, and mainly focuses on electricity price adjustment. The traditional multi-energy market bidding strategy does not consider the interaction between real-time energy management and the electricity, cold and heat systems. Meanwhile, research blank exists in the implementation of the block chain-based bidding strategy in the multi-energy market.
The Chinese patent 'CN 111464643A multi-energy transaction and management platform based on block chain' comprises a block chain layer, an intelligent contract layer, a front-end interaction layer and a database layer, wherein the block chain layer stores each transaction record of energy transaction and block related elements of the block chain; the intelligent contract layer stores the energy information and the transaction information and returns a result in response to contract calling of the front-end interaction layer; the front-end interaction layer receives user registration, receives transaction information issued by buyers and sellers, and stores transaction data in a transaction information structure body to be matched of the intelligent contract and executes transaction matching of the intelligent contract through interaction with the intelligent contract layer; the database layer is used for storing the mapping relation between the account addresses and the names of the two transaction parties in the user registration information, the personal data and the blockchain transaction information. And free release and automatic matching among users can be realized, the public and distributed requirements of transactions are guaranteed, and a new solution is provided for block chain technology application. But does not consider real-time energy management and the interaction between electricity, cold, and hot systems and the impact on bidding strategies.
The patent CN111539827A discloses an energy internet transaction system and a transaction processing method based on a block chain, which comprises a user management module, a block chain link point module, an energy data acquisition module, an intelligent contract module and an intelligent contract management module. According to the energy internet transaction system and the transaction processing method based on the block chain, distributed storage of energy data is achieved through the block chain technology, all block chain nodes are equal, and all block chain nodes equally store the energy transaction data, so that the transparency, traceability and non-tampering of the transaction data are guaranteed, and the high availability of the data is achieved; on the other hand, each block link point in the system completes corresponding energy service processing by using a corresponding intelligent contract, decentralized point-to-point energy transaction is realized, meanwhile, the energy transaction settlement is carried out by using a transaction processing method of asynchronous settlement, a central node is not required to be controlled uniformly, and the service execution efficiency of the energy Internet is improved. However, the trading system has no dynamic compensation mechanism, cannot reduce the price advantage of fossil energy, and cannot promote local consumption of renewable energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform for overcoming the defects of the prior art, and to promote the decentralization, decarburization and digitization of an energy system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform comprises a physical layer, a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, a trading layer, an execution layer and an application layer; the physical layer is in communication connection with the data layer, the data layer is in communication connection with the network layer, the network layer is in communication connection with the consensus layer, the consensus layer is in communication connection with the transaction layer, the transaction layer is in communication connection with the execution layer, the execution layer is in communication connection with the application layer, the lower layer provides an interface with the upper layer, and real-time information release on seven system structure layers is achieved; wherein:
the physical layer comprises energy production equipment, energy conversion equipment, energy metering equipment and energy application equipment in the multi-energy market;
the data layer is a chained database with a timestamp, backups all historical transaction data of the multi-energy market, and stores the data in participating nodes of the block chained network to form a distributed general ledger structure; all historical transaction data can be traced back and cannot be tampered;
the network layer is used for user identity authentication and identification, and provides a point-to-point network protocol and data transmission;
the consensus layer is used for encapsulating a consensus mechanism of the block chain and an algorithm of the consensus mechanism, and providing an application programming interface for the transaction layer;
the transaction layer performs energy matching and agreement between the energy buyer and the energy seller; performing energy classification according to the energy attributes, and matching energy transactions by adopting a bidirectional auction mechanism and a self-adaptive bidding strategy to form an intelligent contract;
the execution layer is used for executing the intelligent contract of the transaction layer and executing energy transmission and metering; energy delivery is dependent on energy delivery equipment;
the application layer is used for providing transaction entry for participants and managers of energy transactions, and API, historical information query and data analysis.
Preferably, the adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform further comprises a decentralized blockchain-based P2P energy market, which is a short term two-way auction market that allows consumers to trade various market products; each consumer is assigned an intelligent agent whose responsibilities are as follows:
(1) monitoring and controlling consumption and production of consumer local equipment by directly accessing the smart meter;
(2) acting as a bidding entity in the auction marketplace;
(3) is responsible for market clearing;
(4) acting as a point of contact with the consensus layer, implementing an intelligent contract ensuring that funds are transferred only upon actual delivery of the energy of the transaction;
preferably, the intelligent agent owns and operates an account and is able to invoke the intelligent contract by sending a unique transaction to the blockchain layer; in a blockchain network, an account consists of two keys:
a public key, which is an identifier of the operating account;
a private key for digitally signing all transactions sent to the smart contract;
the smart contract performs the following two functions:
1) storing the transaction solution results submitted by the agent;
2) managing a balance of a digital token for trading energy;
an intelligent agent participating in a transaction interacts with an intelligent contract, comprising the steps of:
s1: market registration and token casting: the TTP creates a new account for a new consumer participating in the market in the intelligent contract and authorizes the agent of the consumer to interact with the intelligent contract; the consumer purchases a quantity of tokens from the TTP in real currency, then casts and transfers to the consumer's new account; at this time, the consumer can participate in the transaction;
s2: and (3) role description: each participant indicates at the beginning of the transaction phase whether they are participating in a buyer or seller identity; the intelligent contract uses this information to properly reallocate tokens from the pool account to the energy vendor;
s3: storing the transaction result: at the end of the trading phase, all agents embed the market solutions they obtained in the trade and submit them to the smart contracts; thereafter, the intelligent dating automatically verifies the results;
s4: and (3) verification of a transaction result: adding verification logic in the intelligent contract to verify the consistency of all solutions submitted by the agent;
s5: energy settlement: reading the metering data of the metering equipment through a block chain network, and determining the energy transfer amount of each time slot; allocating a unique ID for the energy transfer amount corresponding to each transaction, and adding a timestamp to form a data block as a basis for real-time settlement; the settlement amount is the product of the final transaction agreement price and the metering authentication data; the settlement amount is automatically deducted from the buyer account and transferred to the seller account; when the residual funds on the buyer account are not enough to pay the settlement amount, the blockchain platform sends a recharging request; the buyer of overdue payment will be automatically deleted from the energy transaction network and the deposit in the account will be deducted.
Preferably, the adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform further comprises three parallel and interactive electric power, hot and cold energy trading systems to meet the needs of different types of energy trading; the energy buyer or the seller respectively carries out energy transaction on the three energy transaction systems according to the own energy supply and demand mode under the constraint condition of the energy transaction system;
the specific system structure of the energy transaction system is as follows:
the hot/cold buyer participates in two transaction systems of electricity and hot/cold respectively, directly selects to buy hot/cold or buy electricity and uses energy conversion equipment to supply heat or refrigerate; determining a bid price for a heat load market at a heat load buyer
And anticipated energy to purchase
The bid price of the heat load buyer to the electricity load market is then
And the amount of power expected to be purchased
By passingCalculating formulas (2) and (3), and trading to the power load market;
wherein eta isEHIs the conversion efficiency of the electric heating device; mu.sDHIs the distribution coefficient of the heat demand;
also, bid price in determining cold load market
And expected purchase power
The price bid by the cold load buyer for the electricity load market
Amount of electricity purchased at peace time
Calculating according to formulas (4) and (5), and trading to the power load market;
wherein eta isECFor the conversion efficiency of an electric refrigeration appliance, muDCThe cold quantity distribution coefficient.
The constraint conditions of the energy trading system are as follows:
in the electricity trading system, the supply amount of electricity is equal to the electricity demand amount at time t, as shown in equation (6);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the power supply amount of the power distribution network is represented,
represents the amount of power supplied by the wind power plant,
represents the amount of power supplied by the photovoltaic power plant,
represents the power supply amount of cold, heat and electricity,
represents a bid purchase power amount of the power load buyer to the power load market,
representing the bid purchasing quantity of the cold load buyer to the power load market;
the energy-saving constraint of the cold-heat-electricity transaction system is shown in formulas (7) and (8);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating combined supply of cold, heat and electricity to coldThe energy of the market is loaded, and,
represents the energy provided by cold, heat and electricity to the heat load market,
representing the amount of heat provided by a gas boiler to a heat load market;
the constraint conditions of the cooling buyer containing the electric cooling device are shown in a formula (9), and the constraint conditions of the heat load buyer are shown in a formula (10);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the cooling load of the electric refrigerating apparatus,
is the thermal load of the electrical heating device,
and
an amount of energy purchased directly from a cold electric or thermoelectric trading platform on behalf of a buyer;
in the electric power trading system and the cooling, heating and power trading system, the constraint conditions and the energy conversion formulas of the cooling, heating and power cogeneration CCHP, the absorption refrigerator, the gas boiler, the electric heating equipment and the electric refrigerating equipment are shown in formulas (11) to (13):
wherein m represents combined cooling heating and power, an absorption refrigerator, a gas boiler, electric heating equipment or electric refrigerating equipment; and n is E, C or H, which corresponds to electricity, cold energy and heat respectively.
Preferably, the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform performs energy management based on a two-way auction mechanism and a blockchain P2P distributed network, and performs two-way auction at a fixed time interval in the running process of the platform; at time t, each participant issues energy transaction information at the time t +1 through an intelligent agent of each participant, and uploads the transaction information to a block chain network; the energy transaction information comprises energy supply and demand types, energy quantity and bidding, the platform is classified according to different energy types, and each energy transaction system sorts the bidding information of the energy buyers and sellers according to the expected price; in each energy trading system, when the highest bid price of a buyer is equal to or lower than the lowest bid price of a seller, a trade occurs; in the matching process, the highest bidding price of the buyer is matched with the lowest bidding price of the seller, and the transaction price is the average value of the bidding prices of the buyers; this matching process is referred to as a round of transaction, and continues until the highest bid of the buyer is lower than the lowest bid of the seller;
the two-way auction is not a continuous two-way auction, if the energy buyer does not reach a transaction in the auction, energy will be provided by an external power distribution network; if the energy seller fails to reach the transaction, the bidding strategy is adjusted according to the market information so as to reach the transaction agreement in the next auction; when the energy buyer does not match with the proper seller in the platform, acquiring corresponding energy from the power distribution network, and performing energy transmission and transaction settlement with the corresponding energy; after the matching transaction at the time t is finished, energy scheduling and transmission are carried out according to an energy transaction protocol achieved between the time t and the time t +1, the bidding price of the next transaction is matched at the time t +1, the electric energy transmission quantity from the time t to the time t +1 is recorded through a metering device connected to the block chain network, and the electric energy transaction fee is automatically settled according to the agreed transaction price;
preferably, the adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform adopts a block chain-based adaptive bidding strategy to conduct energy trading; performing self-adaptive learning according to the real-time information of the multi-energy market, wherein the self-adaptive learning comprises two processes of price adjustment and base price adjustment; if the energy seller uses fossil energy, the environmental cost is considered to obtain dynamic compensation correction quotation; after each double-way auction, the energy trading system can immediately update the real-time information; the method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting social welfare SW as one of economic indexes for evaluating bidding strategies; the social welfare is the income scale of the whole society, namely the sum of the income of buyers and sellers in the auction, created by the two-way auction transaction; the yield of a single transaction is expressed as the product of the difference between the transaction price and the base price and the transaction amount; the sum SW of incomes of both parties is expressed by formula (14), and the social welfare maximization SWM is expressed by formula (15):
SWM＝max(SW) (15)
wherein RBi，tAnd RSj，tRepresenting the base price, P, of buyer i and seller j in the t-th transactioni，tRepresenting the transaction price, Q, of buyer i in the t-th transactioni，tRepresenting the amount of energy transacted by the seller J in the t-th transaction, I being the total number of buyers and J being the total number of sellers;
in addition, selecting configuration efficiency AE as a performance evaluation index of the two-way auction; the configuration efficiency AE is the ratio of the actual total revenue of both parties to the competitive equilibrium total revenue; competitive equilibrium is the ideal state for SW maximization; accordingly, AE is expressed as the ratio of actual SW to socio-welfare maximization SWM, as shown in equation (16):
AE＝SW/SWM (16)
estimating an equilibrium price P' by calculating a weighted moving average of transaction prices for the most recent t historical transactions, as shown in equation (17); the total return for competitive equilibrium is the total amount of each transaction at the market equilibrium price, i.e., SWM;
wherein, ω istRepresenting the weight in the t-th transaction, PtRepresents the transaction price in the t-th transaction;
defining a rational selection factor gammatTo implement adaptive learning of participants, as shown in equation (18):
wherein Q ist-1Representing the amount of energy transacted at time t-1, QmaxRepresenting a maximum transaction amount;
as the transaction round advances, the buyer's offer will change from the minimum value of the historical offer to the maximum value to obtain a greater probability of a deal; the seller's offer changes from the highest value to the lowest value of the historical offers; for each bidding transaction in the market, both buyers and sellers need to adaptively correct the quoted price according to the relationship between the rate of return and the probability;
the buyer quotation sequence corresponding to the successful transaction is SB after the t roundtSeller offer sequence SSt(ii) a The participants acquire historical transaction information from the blockchain network according to the sequence of successful transactions; setting that the quotes of all participants are not lower than the respective base price; thus, the original buyer's quoted price
And original seller quotes
Are equations (19) and (20):
wherein, ViIs a base price of the buyer, representing an estimate of the energy to be purchased, CjIs the seller's base price, representing the cost of energy supply;
defining the lowest profitability of the buyer or seller as alphatAnd betatAccording to the buyer's quotation sequence SB in successful transaction respectivelyt-1And seller offer sequence SSt-1As a result, the following equations (21) and (22) are shown:
αt＝min[(SBt-1-Pt-1)/SBt-1] (21)
βt＝min[(Pt-1-SSt-1)/SSt-1] (22)
adaptively adjusting the base price V according to the lowest profitability of the buyer or selleriAnd CjThe constraint conditions of the bidding strategy are acceptable in real time, and the corrected reserve price of the buyer and the seller is obtained; the revised reserve prices for buyer and seller are RB respectivelyi，tAnd RSj，tAs shown in equations (23) and (24):
RBi，t＝Vi·(1-αt) (23)
RSj，t＝Cj·(1-βt) (24)
preferably, the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform adds a dynamic compensation mechanism of a fossil energy seller, and the dynamic compensation mechanism is directly added into the price quoted by the fossil energy seller so as to reduce the price advantage of the fossil energy; when the fossil energy seller achieves the transaction through compensation, the product of the unit price and the supply amount of the corresponding energy is compensated and is regarded as the environmental impact cost; dynamic environmental compensation EjAre derived from equations (25) - (26):
in the formula (25)
Respectively represent
I.e. CO2、NOx、SO2The discharge amount of (c);
derived from formula (25), definition EjDischarge of CO for seller j2、NOx、SO2The dynamic environment compensation to be paid is as the following formula (26):
wherein p isδEnvironmental governance cost corresponding to the unit volume pollutant delta is discharged; beta is aδ，jPollutant delta emission coefficient, Q, for vendor jjFossil energy supply quantity for seller j;
before each round of bidirectional auction, the energy buyer calculates final quoted prices and base prices by using a self-adaptive learning mechanism; the bid price of the buyer is expressed by the formula (27):
Bi，t＝min[min(SBt-1)·γt+max(SBt-1)·(1-γt)，RBi] (27)
for energy sellers in the multi-energy market, corresponding dynamic compensation needs to be added; thus, the bid price of the seller is represented by equation (28):
Si，t＝max[max(SSt-1)·γt+min(SSt-1)·(1-γt)，RBj]+Ej (28)
among them, the dynamic environmental compensation E of the fossil energy vendorsjIs calculated according to the formula (26) because no pollution is discharged during the operation of renewable energy sourcesDye and therefore dynamic environmental compensation E for renewable energy vendorsjConsidered as zero;
preferably, the blockchain energy management process in the energy market is as follows: each participant in the platform uploads energy supply and demand information to a block chain network through communication equipment when each two-way auction transaction begins; after all the energy supply and demand information is collected by the blockchain network, energy classification and matching transaction are carried out according to a self-adaptive bidding strategy; thirdly, successfully converting the matched transaction information into a data block with a time stamp by utilizing a hash function and storing the data block in a block chain network; then broadcasting the matched transaction results to each energy transaction entity by the blockchain network, wherein the transaction results comprise the matching results of the energy buyer and the energy seller and final pricing; finally, after the pairing transaction is completed, the completed transaction protocol is executed within the corresponding electric energy transfer and electric energy, heat and cold metering time t; when the next two-way auction begins, a new matching transaction and settlement of fees are performed.
Preferably, the adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform represents real-world monetary value by a special token named token; real world currency is managed by a trusted third party TTP, the role of which is fulfilled by a notary or financial institution; TTP is only allowed to create new tokens because its public key is authorized in the smart contract; the duties of TTP are twofold: tokens are manufactured for agents that are newly added to the market, and exchanged for an equivalent currency for agents that want to leave the market.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P transaction platform based on the block chain is characterized in that a data transaction system based on the block chain intelligent contract technology is realized by an intelligent contract on the block chain, transaction rules are controlled by an intelligent contract code, the transaction conditions are met, the transaction conditions are automatically triggered and executed, and the possibility of cheating does not exist. All digital assets in the transaction process are hosted in the intelligent contract on the block chain, the assets are transparently viewed, the transfer of the assets is controlled by contract codes and is only triggered and executed by the conditions of two transaction parties, and the possibility of appropriation does not exist. The existing energy bidding research is aimed at electric power trading and mainly focuses on electricity price adjustment. Compared with the existing energy bidding, the invention considers the interaction between the real-time energy management and the electricity, cold and heat systems, and designs the self-adaptive bidding strategy which has the self-adaptive learning capability, can adjust the bidding price and has dynamic compensation according to the real-time market information. The bidding strategy has self-adaptive learning capacity and can adjust the bidding base price according to real-time market information. In addition, the bidding strategy has innovative dynamic compensation, can reduce the price advantage of fossil energy and increase local consumption of renewable energy. The dynamic compensation is based on the characteristics of energy systems in different regions, and has strong flexibility and applicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an energy management model of a multi-energy market according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic process diagram of an adaptive policy provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of energy market energy management based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, an adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform based on a block chain, as shown in fig. 1, includes a physical layer, a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, a trading layer, an execution layer, and an application layer; the physical layer is in communication connection with the data layer, the data layer is in communication connection with the network layer, the network layer is in communication connection with the consensus layer, the consensus layer is in communication connection with the transaction layer, the transaction layer is in communication connection with the execution layer, the execution layer is in communication connection with the application layer, the lower layer provides an interface with the upper layer, and real-time information release on seven system structure layers is achieved; wherein:
the physical layer comprises energy production equipment, energy conversion equipment, energy metering equipment and energy application equipment in the multi-energy market; these devices are the physical basis of the IES and are a requirement for energy supply, use and transmission.
The data layer is a chained database with a timestamp, backups all historical transaction data of the multi-energy market, and stores the data in participating nodes of the block chained network to form a distributed general ledger structure; all historical transaction data can be traced back and cannot be tampered;
the network layer is used for user identity authentication and identification, and provides a point-to-point network protocol and data transmission and acquisition; because no central node is arranged, the fault of a single node cannot influence the whole network, and higher safety and fault tolerance are brought.
The consensus layer is used for encapsulating a consensus mechanism of the block chain and an algorithm of the consensus mechanism, and providing an Application Programming Interface (API) for the transaction layer;
the transaction layer performs energy matching and agreement between the energy buyer and the energy seller; classifying energy (electricity, heat and cold) according to the energy attributes, and matching energy transactions by adopting a bidirectional auction mechanism and a self-adaptive bidding strategy to form an intelligent contract;
the execution layer is used for executing the intelligent contract of the transaction layer and executing energy transmission and metering; energy transmission depends on energy transmission equipment such as a power transmission line and a heat supply pipeline.
The application layer is used for providing transaction entry for participants and managers of energy transactions, and API, historical information query and data analysis.
Meanwhile, the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform of the invention also comprises a decentralized P2P energy market, which is a short-term two-way auction market and allows consumers to trade various market products; each consumer is assigned an intelligent agent whose responsibilities are as follows:
(1) monitoring and controlling consumption and production of consumer local equipment by directly accessing the smart meter;
(2) acting as a bidding entity in the auction marketplace;
(3) is responsible for market clearing;
(4) acting as a contact point with the consensus layer, implementing an intelligent contract, enabling efficient real-time settlement by ensuring that funds are transferred only when the energy of the transaction is actually delivered;
in the inventive arrangement, the intelligent agent owns and operates an account and is able to invoke the intelligent contract by sending a unique transaction to the blockchain layer; in a blockchain network, an account consists of two keys:
a public key, which is an identifier of the operating account;
a private key for digitally signing all transactions sent to the smart contract;
a key component of a blockchain-based adaptive-bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform is an intelligent contract that effectively manages the settlement process. An intelligent contract is application logic that runs on a blockchain and is forced to execute correctly by the consensus mechanism employed. Smart contracts are typically used to securely manage digital tokens residing on a blockchain. The smart contracts perform the following two main functions:
1) storing the transaction solution results submitted by the agent;
2) managing a balance of the digital token for buying and selling energy;
an intelligent agent participating in a transaction interacts with an intelligent contract, comprising the steps of:
(1) market registration and token casting: the TTP creates a new account for a new consumer participating in the market in the intelligent contract and authorizes the agent of the consumer to interact with the intelligent contract; the consumer purchases a quantity of tokens from the TTP in real currency, then casts and transfers to the consumer's new account; at this time, the consumer can participate in the transaction;
(2) and (3) role description: each participant indicates at the beginning of the transaction phase whether they are participating in a buyer or seller identity; the intelligent contract uses this information to properly reallocate tokens from the pool account to the energy vendor;
(3) storing the transaction result: at the end of the trading phase, all agents embed the market solutions they obtained in the trade and submit them to the smart contracts; thereafter, the intelligent dating automatically verifies the results;
(4) and (3) verification of a transaction result: adding verification logic in the intelligent contract to verify the consistency of all solutions submitted by the agent; this is to prevent individual agents from actively manipulating the settlement results, seeking benefit thereto. Specifically, this step verifies that the submitted transaction results are well formatted and sufficiently similar.
(5) Energy settlement: reading the metering data of the metering equipment through a block chain network, and determining the energy transfer amount of each time slot; allocating a unique ID for the energy transfer amount corresponding to each transaction, and adding a time stamp to form a data block as a basis for real-time settlement; the settlement amount is the product of the final transaction agreement price and the metering authentication data; the settlement amount is automatically deducted from the buyer account and transferred to the seller account; when the residual funds on the buyer account are not enough to pay the settlement amount, the blockchain platform sends a recharging request; the buyer of the overdue payment will be automatically deleted from the energy transaction network and the deposit in the account will be deducted.
The comprehensive utilization of energy breaks through the technical, market and management barriers of the traditional energy system, and is a comprehensive energy system for unified planning and scheduling of electricity, gas, heat, cold and the like. The combined cooling, heating and power generation is a typical energy integration system, and improves the utilization efficiency of primary energy by a cascade utilization principle. In addition, the popularization of renewable energy sources can further reduce the influence of IES on the environment, and the uncertainty of the renewable energy sources can be effectively relieved by the coupling of multiple energy sources. Although the multi-energy coupling brings difficulty to the economic stable operation of the traditional energy system, the reasonable optimization strategy can break through the obstacle, and the situation of the economic and efficient utilization of the multi-energy is realized.
According to the physical characteristics of energy supply and demand, modern industrial energy can be divided into three types of energy, namely electric power, heating power and cold power. Therefore, the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform further comprises three parallel and interactive electric power, heat and cold energy trading systems (an electric power trading system, a heat exchange trading system and a cold trading system) so as to meet the requirements of energy trading; energy vendors typically include distributed renewable energy sources such as Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Power Plants (WPP), thermal power generation (CCHP) that integrates cold, heat, and electricity, power Distribution Networks (DN), Gas Boilers (GB), and some energy storage devices. According to the energy demand, energy purchasers can be classified into electricity Demand (DE), such as residential and commercial electricity consumers, heating Demand (DH), such as residential heating, and cooling Demand (DC), such as refrigeration. The energy buyer or the seller respectively carries out energy transaction on the three energy transaction systems under the constraint condition of the energy transaction system according to the own energy supply and demand mode; each participant may supply or demand one energy source or may simultaneously supply or demand other energy sources. For example, cogeneration may perform different types of energy transactions in three energy transaction systems.
The specific system structure of the energy transaction system is as follows:
first, the conversion efficiency (η) of the energy conversion device is the output power (W)o) And input power (W)i) The ratio of (A) to (B) is shown in the following formula;
η＝Wo/Wi (1)
due to the popularization of electric heating Equipment (EH) and electric refrigerating Equipment (EC), hot/cold buyers participate in two transaction systems of electricity and hot/cold respectively, directly choose to buy hot/cold or buy electricity and use energy conversion equipment to supply heat or refrigerate; determining a bid price for a heat load market at a heat load buyer
And anticipated energy to purchase
The bid price of the heat load buyer to the electricity load market is then
And the amount of power expected to be purchased
By the formulas (2), (3)Calculating and trading to the power load market at the same time;
wherein eta isEHIs the conversion efficiency of the electric heating device, and its value represents the amount of heat and electricity that can be generated per unit of electricity; mu.sDHIs the distribution coefficient of the heat demand, representing the proportion of the total heat load demand that is met by the electric heating device;
also, bid price in determining cold load market
And expected purchase power
The price bid by the cold load buyer for the electricity load market
Amount of electricity purchased at peace time
Calculating according to formulas (4) and (5), and trading to the power load market;
wherein eta isECFor the conversion efficiency of an electric refrigeration appliance, muDCThe cold quantity distribution coefficient.
The constraint conditions of the energy trading system are as follows:
in the electricity trading system, the supply amount of electricity is equal to the demand amount of electricity at time t, as shown in equation (6);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the power supply quantity of the distribution network is shown,
representing the amount of power supply of the wind power plant,
represents the amount of power supplied by the photovoltaic power plant,
represents the power supply amount of cold, heat and electricity,
represents a bid purchase amount of the power load buyer to the power load market,
representing the bid purchasing quantity of the cold load buyer to the power load market;
the energy-saving constraint of the cold-heat-electricity transaction system is shown in formulas (7) and (8);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
represents the energy supplied to the cold load market by the combination of cold, heat and electricity,
represents the energy provided by cold, heat and electricity to the heat load market,
representing the amount of heat provided by the gas boiler to the heat load market;
the constraint conditions of the cooling buyer containing the electric cooling device are shown in a formula (9), and the constraint conditions of the heat load buyer are shown in a formula (10);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the cooling load of the electric refrigerating apparatus,
is the thermal load of the electrical heating device,
and
an amount of energy purchased directly from a cold electric or thermoelectric trading platform on behalf of a buyer;
in an electric power transaction system and a cold-heat-electricity transaction system, main operation constraints of equipment safety are upper and lower limits of power and climbing speed of various energy equipment. The invention mainly discusses the constraint conditions of Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP), an absorption refrigerator, a gas boiler, electric heating equipment and electric refrigerating equipment; the constraint conditions of Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP) are mainly researched from three aspects of electric quantity, heat and cold energy. The constraint condition of CCHP for generating cold quantity is mainly influenced by the absorption refrigerator. The lower limits of the absorption chiller and the gas boiler are constrained to 0, and the lower limits of the other equipment depend on the unit conditions. Therefore, the constraint conditions and the energy conversion formulas of the Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP), the absorption chiller, the gas boiler, the electric heating equipment and the electric refrigerating equipment are shown in equations (11) to (13):
wherein m represents combined cooling heating and power, an absorption refrigerator, a gas boiler, electric heating equipment or electric refrigerating equipment; n is E, C or H, which corresponds to electricity quantity, cold energy and heat quantity respectively; such as
Shows the generated energy of cold, heat and electricity in the time t,
the maximum generated power constraint of cold, heat and electricity combined supply is represented,
and represents the power generation climbing speed constraint of combined cooling heating and power supply. T represents the total power generation time of the device until time T.
In this embodiment, the adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform performs energy management based on a bi-directional auction mechanism and a blockchain P2P distributed network, as shown in fig. 2, a bi-directional auction is performed at a fixed time interval during the operation of the platform; at time t, each participant issues energy transaction information at the time t +1 through an intelligent agent of each participant, and uploads the transaction information to a block chain network; the energy transaction information comprises energy supply and demand types, energy quantity and bidding, the platform is classified according to different energy types, and each energy transaction system sorts the bidding information of the energy buyers and sellers according to the expected price; in each energy trading system, when the highest bid price of a buyer is equal to or lower than the lowest bid price of a seller, a trade occurs; in the matching process, the highest bidding price of the buyer is matched with the lowest bidding price of the seller, and the transaction price is the average value of the bidding prices of the buyers; this matching process is referred to as a round of transaction, and continues until the highest bid of the buyer is lower than the lowest bid of the seller;
the energy management platform designed by the invention carries out energy trading based on a two-way auction mechanism and a block chain P2P distributed network. In the two-way auction mechanism, buyers and sellers can adjust the quotation in real time according to the change of the market equilibrium price, and the efficient configuration of energy is ensured. The combination of the two-way auction mechanism and the blockchain P2P technology can effectively solve the problems of privacy and resource allocation and ensure the maximization of the interests of both buyers and sellers. The two-way auction scheme can not only ensure the privacy of participants, but also effectively promote the demand response in the smart grid in the aspects of social welfare, satisfaction rate, social efficiency and calculation overhead.
The two-way auction is not a continuous two-way auction, if the energy buyer does not reach a transaction in the auction, energy will be provided by an external power distribution network; if the energy seller fails to reach the transaction, the bidding strategy is adjusted according to the market information so as to reach the transaction agreement in the next auction; the mode effectively shortens the time of transaction matching and meets the requirement of real-time energy management. It improves the calculation and operation efficiency of the multi-energy market. In particular, modern industrial ethernet networks are connected to power distribution networks. When the energy buyer does not match with the proper seller in the platform, acquiring corresponding energy from the power distribution network, and performing energy transmission and transaction settlement with the corresponding energy; after the matching transaction at the time t is finished, energy scheduling and transmission are carried out according to an energy transaction protocol between the time t and the time t +1, the bid price of the next transaction is matched at the time t +1, the electric energy transmission quantity from the time t to the time t +1 is recorded through metering equipment connected to the block chain network, and electric energy transaction fee is automatically settled according to the agreed transaction price;
the basic principle of two-way bidding and market clearing of the traditional electric power market is matching of high bid price and low selling price. The lower the price provided by the generator, the easier it is to reach a trade, which makes it easier to sell low cost but highly polluting fossil energy. To solve this problem, the present invention proposes dynamic compensation to increase the price advantage of renewable energy.
In addition, traditional transaction patterns rely on third party institutions. The transaction mode provided by the invention realizes point-to-point transaction between the user and the energy supplier. A third party institution in transactional mode only deals with disputes between buyers and sellers, creating tokens for agents that are newly added to the market, and if an agent wants to leave the market, it will exchange tokens for currency. In the traditional transaction model, transaction data is stored on a centralized server, which is opaque. Therefore, it is at risk of being tampered with and cannot be traced. The block chain technology integrates an asymmetric encryption technology, a data signature and a consensus mechanism, ensures that transaction data is transparent, tamper-proof and traceable, and well solves the problems. Market clearing based on a blockchain unique consensus mechanism can solve the problem of information inconsistency, especially for the hot or cold demand load sending transaction requests to both trading platforms.
The self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform adopts a self-adaptive bidding strategy based on a block chain to carry out energy trading, and the self-adaptive strategy is a bidding strategy with a self-adaptive learning mode and a dynamic compensation mechanism; in this embodiment, the adaptive strategy is as shown in fig. 3, and performs adaptive learning according to real-time information of the multi-energy market, including two processes of price offering adjustment and price base adjustment; if the energy seller uses fossil energy, the environmental cost is considered to obtain dynamic compensation correction quotation; after each two-way auction, the energy trading system can immediately update the real-time information; the method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting social welfare SW as one of economic indexes for evaluating bidding strategies; the social welfare is the income scale of the whole society, namely the sum of the income of buyers and sellers in the auction, created by the two-way auction transaction; the yield of a single transaction is expressed as the product of the difference between the transaction price and the base price and the transaction amount; the sum SW of the incomes of both the buyer and the seller is expressed by the formula (14), and the social benefit maximization SWM is expressed by the formula (15):
SWM＝max(SW) (15)
wherein RBi，tAnd RSj，tRepresenting the base price, P, of buyer i and seller j in the t-th transactioni，tRepresenting the transaction price, Q, of buyer i in the t-th transactioni，tRepresenting the amount of energy transacted by the seller J in the t-th transaction, wherein I is the total number of buyers and J is the total number of sellers;
in addition, selecting configuration efficiency AE as a performance evaluation index of the two-way auction; the configuration efficiency AE is the ratio of the actual total revenue of the trading party to the competitive equilibrium total revenue; competitive equilibrium is the ideal state for SW maximization; thus, AE is expressed as the ratio of actual SW to social benefit maximization, SWM, as shown in equation (16):
AE＝SW/SWM (16)
market competition balance refers to balance between buyers and sellers in the market or economy, and has the characteristic of complete competition. This is a market structure without any obstacles and interferences, which means that the market exists not enough to affect the price of the enterprise or consumer. In the distributed energy market, each participant is equal and nobody dominates. Estimating an equilibrium price P' by calculating a weighted moving average of transaction prices of the most recent t historical transactions, as shown in equation (17); the total return for competitive equilibrium is the total amount of each transaction at the market equilibrium price, i.e., SWM;
wherein, ω istRepresenting the weight in the t-th transaction, PtRepresents the transaction price in the t-th transaction;
defining a rational selection factor gammatTo implement adaptive learning of participants, as shown in equation (18):
wherein Q ist-1Representing the amount of energy transacted at time t-1, QmaxRepresents a maximum transaction amount;
as the transaction round advances, the buyer's offer will change from the minimum value of the historical offer to the maximum value to obtain a greater probability of a deal; the seller's offer changes from the highest value to the lowest value of the historical offers; for each bidding transaction in the market, both buyers and sellers need to adaptively correct the quoted price according to the relationship between the rate of return and the probability;
when the transaction is finished to the t round, the price quotation sequence of the buyer corresponding to the successful transaction is SBtThe seller quotation sequence is SSt(ii) a The participants acquire historical transaction information from the blockchain network according to the sequence of successful transactions; setting all participants to be rational, honest and credible, and the quotation of all participants is not lower than the respective base price; thus, the original buyer's quoted price
And original seller quoted price
Are equations (19) and (20):
wherein, ViIs a base price of the buyer, representing an estimate of the energy to be purchased, CjIs the seller's base price, representing the cost of energy supply;
defining the lowest profitability of the buyer or seller as alphatAnd betatAccording to the buyer's quotation sequence SB in successful transaction respectivelyt-1And seller offer sequence SSt-1As a result, the following equations (21) and (22) are shown:
αt＝min[(SBt-1-Pt-1)/SBt-1] (21)
βt＝min[(Pt-1-SSt-1)/SSt-1] (22)
adaptively adjusting the base price V according to the lowest profitability of the buyer or selleriAnd CjThe constraint condition of the bidding strategy is acceptable in real time, and the corrected reserve price of the buyer and the seller is obtained; the revised reserve prices for buyer and seller are RB respectivelyi，tAnd RSj，tAs shown in equations (23) and (24):
RBi，t＝Vi·(1-αt) (23)
RSj，t＝Cj·(1-βt) (24)
in recent years, the cost of power generation using renewable energy sources such as wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been reduced, but the cost is higher than that of fossil energy sources such as thermal power generation. Under a complete free market competition mechanism, the price quoted by renewable energy vendors is likely to be higher than that of fossil energy vendors. The obvious price disadvantage reduces the utilization rate of renewable energy sources such as wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and the like. On the other hand, fossil energy generates emission of pollutants such as carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides, and damages the surrounding environment.
Therefore, the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform increases a dynamic compensation mechanism of the fossil energy seller, and is directly added to the price quoted by the fossil energy seller so as to reduce the price advantage of the fossil energy; when the fossil energy seller achieves the transaction through compensation, the corresponding compensationThe product of the energy unit price and the supply amount is regarded as the environmental impact cost; the fee can be delivered to an environment management department for environmental management. Dynamic environment compensation EjIs derived from equations (25) to (26):
in the formula (25)
Respectively represent
Namely CO2、NOx、SO2The discharge amount of (c);
derived from formula (25), definition EjDischarge of CO for seller j2、NOx、SO2The dynamic environment compensation to be paid is shown as the formula (26):
wherein p isδEnvironmental governance cost corresponding to the unit volume pollutant delta is discharged; beta is aδ，jPollutant delta emission coefficient, Q, for vendor jjFossil energy supply for seller j;
the target price for the participant is their ideal price. If the participants follow their target prices as a bidding strategy, the transaction may never be completed. Thus, prior to each round of the bi-directional auction, the energy buyer utilizes an adaptive learning mechanism to calculate the final bid and reserve price; the bid price of the buyer is expressed by the formula (27):
Bi，t＝min[min(SBt-1)·γt+max(SBt-1)·(1-γt)，RBi] (27)
for energy sellers in the multi-energy market, corresponding dynamic compensation needs to be added; thus, the bid price of the seller is represented by equation (28):
Si，t＝max[max(SSt-1)·γt+min(SSt-1)·(1-γt)，RBj]+Ej (28)
among them, dynamic environmental compensation of fossil energy vendors EjCalculated according to the formula (26), the dynamic environmental compensation E of the renewable energy vendor is due to the fact that no pollutants are emitted during the operation of the renewable energyjConsidered as zero.
In this embodiment, the blockchain energy management process in the multi-energy market is as follows: as shown in fig. 4, firstly, each participant in the platform uploads energy supply and demand information to the blockchain network through a communication device such as a computer or a mobile phone when each bidirectional auction transaction starts; after all the energy supply and demand information is collected by the blockchain network, energy classification and matching transaction are carried out according to a self-adaptive bidding strategy; thirdly, successfully converting the matched transaction information into a data block with a time stamp by utilizing a hash function and storing the data block in a block chain network; then, the block chain network broadcasts matched transaction results to each energy transaction entity (namely, a buyer and a seller) through a CPU (central processing unit) of the operation platform, wherein the transaction results comprise the matching results of the energy buyer and the energy seller and final pricing; finally, after the pairing transaction is completed, the completed transaction protocol is executed within the corresponding electric energy transfer and electric energy, heat and cold metering time t; when the next two-way auction begins, new matching transactions and settlement of fees are performed; the detailed transaction process is as follows:
two types of blockchains are considered: the difference between unlicensed and licensed blockchains, the present invention employs licensed blockchains, where the blockchain network is managed by agents assigned to each consumer. Furthermore, the invention assumes that the smart meters are trusted devices and that their reporting is authentic. Each agent's participation is approved by a trusted third party, such as an energy provider. Note that this does not violate the requirements of the invention for full entitlement, since this party is not directly responsible for managing or controlling the market. Only authorized agents have access to write to the blockchain.
In this embodiment, the adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform represents real-world monetary value by a special token named token; one of the main problems with blockchain based digital tokens is their price volatility, as the transaction price of digital assets may fluctuate according to community interests. To overcome this problem, we have intelligent contracts representing tokens that are supported by real-world currencies. These real world currencies are managed by a Trusted Third Party (TTP), the role of which is fulfilled by a notary or financial institution (e.g. a bank); TTP is only allowed to create new tokens because its public key is authorized in the smart contract; the duties of TTP are twofold: it manufactures (creates) tokens for agents that are newly added to the market, and if the agent wants to leave the market, it exchanges tokens for an equivalent currency.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform based on a block chain is characterized in that: the system comprises a physical layer, a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, a transaction layer, an execution layer and an application layer; the physical layer is in communication connection with the data layer, the data layer is in communication connection with the network layer, the network layer is in communication connection with the consensus layer, the consensus layer is in communication connection with the transaction layer, the transaction layer is in communication connection with the execution layer, the execution layer is in communication connection with the application layer, the lower layer provides an interface with the upper layer, and real-time information release on seven system structure layers is achieved; wherein:
the physical layer comprises energy production equipment, energy conversion equipment, energy metering equipment and energy application equipment in the multi-energy market;
the data layer is a chained database with a timestamp, backups all historical transaction data of the multi-energy market, and stores the data in participating nodes of the block chained network to form a distributed general ledger structure; all historical transaction data can be traced back and cannot be tampered;
the network layer is used for user identity authentication and identification, and provides a point-to-point network protocol and data transmission;
the consensus layer is used for encapsulating a consensus mechanism of the block chain and an algorithm of the consensus mechanism, and providing an application programming interface for the transaction layer;
the transaction layer performs energy matching and agreement between the energy buyer and the energy seller; performing energy classification according to the energy attributes, and matching energy transactions by adopting a bidirectional auction mechanism and a self-adaptive bidding strategy to form an intelligent contract;
the execution layer is used for executing the intelligent contract of the transaction layer and executing energy transmission and metering; energy delivery is dependent on energy delivery equipment;
the application layer is used for providing transaction input, API, historical information query and data analysis for participants and managers of energy transactions.
2. The block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform according to claim 1, wherein: the adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform further comprises a decentralized blockchain-based P2P energy market, which is a short term bi-directional auction market that allows consumers to trade various market products; each consumer is assigned an intelligent agent whose responsibilities are as follows:
(1) monitoring and controlling consumption and production of consumer local equipment by directly accessing the smart meter;
(2) acting as a bidding entity in the auction marketplace;
(3) is responsible for market clearing;
(4) acting as a point of contact with the consensus layer, an intelligent contract is implemented, ensuring that funds are only transferred when the energy of the transaction is actually delivered.
3. The block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform according to claim 2, wherein: the intelligent agent owns and operates an account and is able to invoke an intelligent contract by sending a unique transaction to the blockchain layer; in a blockchain network, an account consists of two keys:
a public key, which is an identifier of the operating account;
a private key for digitally signing all transactions sent to the smart contract;
the smart contract performs the following two functions:
1) storing the transaction solution results submitted by the agent;
2) managing a balance of a digital token for trading energy;
an intelligent agent participating in a transaction interacts with an intelligent contract, comprising the steps of:
s1: market registration and token casting: the TTP creates a new account for a new consumer participating in the market in the intelligent contract and authorizes the agent of the consumer to interact with the intelligent contract; the consumer purchases a quantity of tokens from the TTP in real currency, then casts and transfers to the consumer's new account; at this time, the consumer can participate in the transaction;
s2: and (3) role description: each participant indicates at the beginning of the transaction phase whether they are participating in a buyer or seller identity; the intelligent contract uses this information to properly reallocate tokens from the pool account to the energy vendor;
s3: storing the transaction result: at the end of the trading phase, all agents embed the market solutions they obtained in the trade and submit them to the smart contracts; thereafter, the intelligent dating automatically verifies the results;
s4: verification of transaction results: adding verification logic in the intelligent contract to verify the consistency of all solutions submitted by the agent;
s5: energy settlement: reading the metering data of the metering equipment through a block chain network, and determining the energy transfer amount of each time slot; allocating a unique ID for the energy transfer amount corresponding to each transaction, and adding a timestamp to form a data block as a basis for real-time settlement; the settlement amount is the product of the final transaction agreement price and the metering authentication data; the settlement amount is automatically deducted from the buyer account and transferred to the seller account; when the residual funds on the buyer account are not enough to pay the settlement amount, the blockchain platform sends a recharging request; the buyer of the overdue payment will be automatically deleted from the energy transaction network and the deposit in the account will be deducted.
4. The block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform according to claim 2, wherein: the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform further comprises three parallel and interactive electric power, heat and cold energy trading systems so as to meet the requirements of different types of energy trading; the energy buyer or the seller respectively carries out energy transaction on the three energy transaction systems according to the own energy supply and demand mode under the constraint condition of the energy transaction system;
the specific system structure of the energy transaction system is as follows:
the hot/cold buyer participates in two transaction systems of electricity and hot/cold respectively, directly selects to buy hot/cold or buy electricity and uses energy conversion equipment to supply heat or refrigerate; determining a bid price for a heat load market at a heat load buyer
And anticipated energy to purchase
The bid price of the heat load buyer to the electricity load market is then
And the amount of power expected to be purchased
Calculated by formulas (2) and (3) and is simultaneously charged to the negative powerTrading in the lotus market;
wherein eta isEHIs the conversion efficiency of the electrical heating apparatus; mu.sDHIs the distribution coefficient of the heat demand;
also, bid price in determining cold load market
And expected purchase power
The price bid by the cold load buyer for the electricity load market
Amount of electricity purchased at peace time
Calculating according to formulas (4) and (5), and trading to the power load market;
wherein eta isECFor the conversion efficiency of an electric refrigeration appliance, muDCDistributing the coefficient for the cold quantity;
the constraint conditions of the energy trading system are as follows:
in the electricity trading system, the supply amount of electricity is equal to the demand amount of electricity at time t, as shown in equation (6);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the power supply amount of the power distribution network is represented,
representing the amount of power supply of the wind power plant,
represents the amount of power supplied by the photovoltaic power plant,
represents the power supply amount of cold, heat and electricity,
represents a bid purchase amount of the power load buyer to the power load market,
representing the bid purchasing quantity of the cold load buyer to the power load market;
the energy-saving constraint of the cold-heat-electricity transaction system is shown in formulas (7) and (8);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
represents the energy supplied to the cold load market by the combination of cold, heat and electricity,
represents the energy provided by cold, heat and electricity to the heat load market,
representing the amount of heat provided by the gas boiler to the heat load market;
the constraint conditions of the cooling buyer containing the electric cooling device are shown in a formula (9), and the constraint conditions of the heat load buyer are shown in a formula (10);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the cooling load of the electric refrigerating appliance,
is the thermal load of the electrical heating device,
and
an amount of energy purchased directly from a cold electric or thermoelectric trading platform on behalf of a buyer;
in the electric power trading system and the cooling, heating and power trading system, the constraint conditions and the energy conversion formulas of the cooling, heating and power cogeneration (CCHP), the absorption chiller, the gas boiler, the electric heating equipment and the electric refrigerating equipment are shown in formulas (11) to (13):
wherein m represents combined cooling heating and power, an absorption refrigerator, a gas boiler, electric heating equipment or electric refrigerating equipment; and n is E, C or H, which corresponds to electricity, cold energy and heat respectively.
5. The block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform according to claim 4, wherein: the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform performs energy management based on a bidirectional auction mechanism and a block chain P2P distributed network, and performs bidirectional auction at a fixed time interval in the platform operation process; at time t, each participant issues energy transaction information at the time t +1 through an intelligent agent of each participant, and uploads the transaction information to a block chain network; the energy transaction information comprises energy supply and demand types, energy quantity and bidding, the platform is classified according to different energy types, and each energy transaction system sorts the bidding information of the energy buyers and sellers according to the expected price; in each energy trading system, when the highest bid price of a buyer is equal to or lower than the lowest bid price of a seller, a trade occurs; in the matching process, the highest bidding price of the buyer is matched with the lowest bidding price of the seller, and the transaction price is the average value of the bidding prices of the buyers; this matching process is referred to as a round of transaction, and continues until the highest bid of the buyer is lower than the lowest bid of the seller;
the two-way auction is not a continuous two-way auction, if the energy buyer does not reach a transaction in the auction, energy will be provided by an external power distribution network; if the energy seller fails to reach the transaction, the bidding strategy is adjusted according to the market information so as to reach the transaction agreement in the next auction; when the energy buyer does not match with the proper seller in the platform, acquiring corresponding energy from the power distribution network, and performing energy transmission and transaction settlement with the corresponding energy; and after the t moment matching transaction is finished, performing energy scheduling and transmission according to an energy transaction protocol between the t moment and the t +1 moment, matching the bidding price of the next transaction at the t +1 moment, recording the electric energy transmission amount from the t moment to the t +1 moment through a metering device connected to the block chain network, and automatically settling the electric energy transaction fee according to the agreed transaction price.
6. The block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform according to claim 5, wherein: the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform adopts a self-adaptive bidding strategy based on a block chain to carry out energy trading; performing self-adaptive learning according to real-time information of the multi-energy market, wherein the self-adaptive learning comprises two processes of price adjustment and base price adjustment; if the energy seller uses fossil energy, the environmental cost is considered to obtain dynamic compensation correction quotation; after each two-way auction, the energy trading system can immediately update the real-time information; the method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting social welfare SW as one of economic indexes for evaluating bidding strategies; the social welfare is the income scale of the whole society, namely the sum of the income of buyers and sellers in the auction, created by the two-way auction transaction; the yield of a single transaction is expressed as the product of the difference between the transaction price and the base price and the transaction amount; the sum SW of the incomes of both the buyer and the seller is expressed by the formula (14), and the social benefit maximization SWM is expressed by the formula (15):
SWM＝max(SW) (15)
wherein RBi,tAnd RSj,tRepresenting the base price, P, of buyer i and seller j in the t-th transactioni,tRepresenting the transaction price, Q, of buyer i in the t-th transactioni,tRepresenting the amount of energy transacted by the seller J in the t-th transaction, I being the total number of buyers and J being the total number of sellers;
in addition, selecting configuration efficiency AE as a performance evaluation index of the two-way auction; the configuration efficiency AE is the ratio of the actual total revenue of the trading party to the competitive equilibrium total revenue; competitive equilibrium is the ideal state for SW maximization; accordingly, AE is expressed as the ratio of actual SW to socio-welfare maximization SWM, as shown in equation (16):
AE＝SW/SWM (16)
estimating an equilibrium price P' by calculating a weighted moving average of transaction prices for the most recent t historical transactions, as shown in equation (17); the total return for competitive equilibrium is the total amount of each transaction at the market equilibrium price, i.e., SWM;
wherein, ω istRepresenting the weight in the t-th transaction, PtRepresents the transaction price in the t-th transaction;
defining a rational selection factor gammatTo implement adaptive learning of participants, as shown in equation (18):
wherein Qt-1Representing the amount of energy transacted at time t-1, QmaxRepresents a maximum transaction amount;
as the transaction round advances, the buyer's offer will change from the minimum value of the historical offer to the maximum value to obtain a greater probability of a deal; the seller's offer changes from the highest value to the lowest value of the historical offers; for each bidding transaction in the market, both buyers and sellers need to adaptively correct the quoted price according to the relationship between the rate of return and the probability;
the buyer quotation sequence corresponding to the successful transaction is SB after the t roundtThe seller quotation sequence is SSt(ii) a The participants acquire historical transaction information from the blockchain network according to the sequence of successful transactions; setting that the quotes of all participants are not lower than the respective base price; thus, the original buyer's quoted price
And original seller quoted price
Are equations (19) and (20):
wherein, ViIs a base price of the buyer, representing an estimate of the energy to be purchased, CjIs the seller's base price, representing the cost of energy supply;
defining the lowest profitability of the buyer or seller as alphatAnd betatAccording to the buyer's quotation sequence SB in successful transaction respectivelyt-1And seller offer sequence SSt-1As a result, the following equations (21) and (22) are shown:
αt＝min[(SBt-1-Pt-1)/SBt-1] (21)
βt＝min[(Pt-1-SSt-1)/SSt-1] (22)
adaptively adjusting the base price V according to the lowest profitability of the buyer or selleriAnd CjThe constraint conditions of the bidding strategy are acceptable in real time, and the corrected reserve price of the buyer and the seller is obtained; buyer and seller correction insuranceReserve prices are each RBi，tAnd RSj，tAs shown in equations (23) and (24):
RBi，t＝Vi·(1-αt) (23)
RSj，t＝Cj·(1-βt) (24)。
7. the block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform according to claim 6, wherein: the self-adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform is added with a dynamic compensation mechanism of a fossil energy seller, and the dynamic compensation mechanism is directly added into the price quoted by the fossil energy seller so as to reduce the price advantage of fossil energy; when the fossil energy seller achieves the transaction through compensation, the product of the unit price and the supply amount of the corresponding energy is compensated and is regarded as the environmental impact cost; dynamic environmental compensation EjIs derived from equations (25) to (26):
in the formula (25)
Respectively represent
Namely CO2、NOx、SO2The discharge amount of (c);
derived from formula (25), definition EjDischarge of CO for seller j2、NOx、SO2The dynamic environment compensation to be paid is shown as the formula (26):
wherein p isδEnvironmental governance cost corresponding to the unit volume pollutant delta is discharged; beta is aδ，jPollutant delta emission for vendor jCoefficient, QjFossil energy supply quantity for seller j;
before each round of bidirectional auction, the energy buyer calculates final quoted prices and base prices by using a self-adaptive learning mechanism; the bid price of the buyer is expressed by the formula (27):
Bi，t＝min[min(SBt-1)·γt+max(SBt-1)·(1-γt)，RBi] (27)
for energy sellers in the multi-energy market, corresponding dynamic compensation needs to be added; thus, the bid price of the seller is represented by equation (28):
Si，t＝max[max(SSt-1)·γt+min(SSt-1)·(1-γt)，RBj]+Ej (28)
among them, the dynamic environmental compensation E of the fossil energy vendorsjCalculated according to the formula (26), the dynamic environmental compensation E of the renewable energy vendor is due to the fact that no pollutants are emitted during the operation of the renewable energyjConsidered as zero.
8. The adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform based on block chains according to claim 7, wherein: the block chain energy management process in the energy market is as follows: each participant in the platform uploads energy supply and demand information to a block chain network through communication equipment when each two-way auction transaction begins; after all the energy supply and demand information is collected by the blockchain network, energy classification and matching transaction are carried out according to a self-adaptive bidding strategy; thirdly, successfully converting the matched transaction information into a data block with a time stamp by using a hash function and storing the data block in a block chain network; then broadcasting the matched transaction results to each energy transaction entity by the blockchain network, wherein the transaction results comprise the matching results of the energy buyer and the energy seller and final pricing; finally, after the pairing transaction is completed, the completed transaction protocol is executed within the corresponding electric energy transfer and electric energy, heat and cold metering time t; when the next two-way auction begins, a new matching transaction and settlement of fees are performed.
9. The block chain-based adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform according to claim 8, wherein: the adaptive bidding multi-energy P2P trading platform represents real-world monetary value by a special token named token; real world currency is managed by a trusted third party TTP, the role of which is fulfilled by a notary or financial institution; TTP is only allowed to create new tokens because its public key is authorized in the smart contract; the duties of TTP are twofold: tokens are manufactured for agents that are newly added to the market, and exchanged for an equivalent currency for agents that want to leave the market.
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| CN115099978A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-09-23 | 深圳星云智联科技有限公司 | Data processing method and device |
| CN115760395A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-07 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司 | Electric-carbon linkage collaborative transaction system based on block chain |
| CN115879135A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-03-31 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Bidding data processing method, apparatus, device and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115099978A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-09-23 | 深圳星云智联科技有限公司 | Data processing method and device |
| CN115760395A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-07 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司 | Electric-carbon linkage collaborative transaction system based on block chain |
| CN115879135A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-03-31 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Bidding data processing method, apparatus, device and storage medium |
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