CN114623208A - 混合动力变速箱总成和车辆 - Google Patents
混合动力变速箱总成和车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114623208A CN114623208A CN202210080278.9A CN202210080278A CN114623208A CN 114623208 A CN114623208 A CN 114623208A CN 202210080278 A CN202210080278 A CN 202210080278A CN 114623208 A CN114623208 A CN 114623208A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/085—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with more than one output shaft
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
本申请提供混合动力变速箱总成和车辆。该混合动力变速箱总成包括:结构件系统,其包括前壳体、后壳体和电机支架;齿轴系统,其包括电动输入轴、电动输出轴、机械输入轴和机械输出轴;电机系统,其包括电机小总成和旋变小总成;驻车系统,其包括棘轮棘爪和挂挡执行机构;液压系统,其包括液压控制单元和电子油泵小总成;选换挡执行系统,其包括多个拨叉和拨叉轴,并且构造为由所述液压系统驱动;冷却润滑系统,其包括强制润滑系统和二次飞溅润滑系统;以及离合器系统,其包括飞轮、离合器盖和压盘。本申请的混合动力变速箱总成和车辆具有配合紧密、结构合理等优势。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆驱动系统结构领域。更具体而言,本申请涉及一种混合动力变速箱总成,其提供改善的驱动性能。本申请还涉及一种车辆,其包括上述混合动力变速箱总成。
背景技术
由于环保要求的提高,越来越多的车辆开始采用新能源驱动方式。
混合动力车辆兼具传统内燃机和新能源驱动方式的优点。典型的混合动力车辆包括混合动力单元驱动总成,其中集成了内燃机、电动机和传动机构。
发明内容
本申请一个方面的目的在于提供一种混合动力变速箱总成,其旨在提供改善的混合动力驱动模式。本申请另一方面的目的在于提供一种包括上述混合动力变速箱总成的车辆。
本申请的目的是通过如下技术方案实现的。
一种混合动力变速箱总成,包括:
结构件系统,其包括前壳体、后壳体和电机支架,并且构造为向整个混合动力变速箱总成提供支撑结构;
齿轴系统,其包括电动输入轴、电动输出轴、机械输入轴和机械输出轴,各个轴构造为通过轴承来固定在结构件系统的前壳体与后壳体上,并且相对于前壳体与后壳体是可转动的,其中,电动输入轴和电动输出轴用作传递电机的扭矩和/或回收制动能量,机械输入轴和机械输出轴用作传递发动机的扭矩;
电机系统,其包括电机小总成和旋变小总成;
驻车系统,其包括棘轮棘爪和挂挡执行机构,以便实现驻车挡与非驻车挡;
液压系统,其包括液压控制单元和电子油泵小总成;
选换挡执行系统,其包括多个拨叉和拨叉轴,并且构造为由液压系统驱动;
冷却润滑系统,其包括强制润滑系统和二次飞溅润滑系统;以及
离合器系统,其包括飞轮、离合器盖和压盘,离合器系统构造为通过摩擦材料的压紧与自由状态来实现发动机的动力输入与断开。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,机械输入轴与发动机相连,并且通过机械输出轴将不同挡位速比的动力流传递至主减速从动齿总成,最终传递至半轴;并且
电动输入轴与电机相连,并且通过电动输出轴传递至主减速从动齿总成,最终传递至半轴。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,机械输入轴包括直接机加工在机械输入轴上的1挡主动齿和2挡主动齿,并且C挡主动齿、5挡主动齿、4挡主动齿、3挡主动齿在滚针轴承的支撑下空套在机械输入轴上;并且
1挡从动齿轮与2挡从动齿轮在滚针轴承支撑下空套在机械输出轴上,并且3挡从动齿、4挡从动齿轮、5挡从动齿轮通过其自身的内花键与机械输出轴上的外花键配合。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,H挡主动齿轮通过花键安装在电动输入轴上,并且L挡主动齿轮直接加工在电动输入轴上;并且
L挡从动齿、H挡从动齿分别通过滚针轴承空套在电动输出轴上。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,齿轴系统还包括充电惰轮轴,C挡从动齿轮与充电惰轮以花键的形式连接在充电惰轮轴上;
其中,充电惰轮轴用于连接机械输入轴与电动输入轴,使得发动机的动力可对电机进行充电,也可将电机用作发动机的起动机。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,前壳体与后壳体的后差速器支撑位置处设置有至少一个承力销,以便将前壳体与后壳体的受力承载区域进行固连并提升结构件系统的整体支撑刚度。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,电机系统包括电机转子铁心,电机转子铁心通过键槽配合固定在电机转子支架上,并且电机转子支架包括电机转子铁心支撑轴和电机动平衡板。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,驻车系统的锁止轴为电动输出轴。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,选换挡执行系统包括:倒挡拨叉、1/2挡拨块、1/2挡拨叉、电动挡拨叉、3/4挡拨叉和5/C挡拨叉;其中,1/2挡拨叉、3/4挡拨叉和5/C挡拨叉构造为单轴串联结构;电动挡拨叉构造为一体铸造的,并且倒挡拨叉构造为采用杠杆设计。
在上述混合动力变速箱总成中,可选地,选换挡执行系统包括电动换挡液压控制系统、机械换挡液压控制系统、离合器结合与分离自动控制液压系统,并且各个系统共用单个油泵和滤油器。
一种车辆,其包括上述混合动力变速箱总成。
附图说明
以下将结合附图和优选实施例来对本申请进行进一步详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将领会的是,这些附图仅是出于解释优选实施例的目的而绘制的,并且因此不应当作为对本申请范围的限制。此外,除非特别指出,附图仅是意在概念性地表示所描述对象的组成或构造并可能包含夸张性显示,并且附图也并非一定按比例绘制。
图1是根据本申请的混合动力变速箱总成的一个实施例的立体视图。
图2是图1所示实施例的另一立体视图。
图3是图1所示实施例的分解视图。
图4是图3所示的结构件系统的前壳总成的立体视图。
图5是图3所示的结构件系统的后壳总成的立体视图。
图6是在不同的结构件构造上模拟的后差速器支撑位置径向挠度的示意图。
图7是图1所示实施例的齿轴系统的结构示意图。
图8是图7所示实施例的机械输入轴总成的分解视图。
图9是图7所示实施例的机械输出轴总成的分解视图。
图10是图7所示实施例的电动输入轴总成的分解视图。
图11是图7所示实施例的电动输出轴总成的分解视图。
图12是图7所示实施例的充电惰轮轴总成的分解视图。
图13是图1所示实施例的电机和电动输入轴总成的结构示意图。
图14是图1所示实施例的离合器的结构示意图。
图15是图1所示实施例的驻车机构总成的结构示意图。
图16是图1所示实施例的选换挡执行系统总成的结构示意图。
图17是图1所示实施例的倒挡换挡执行机构的前视图。
图18是图17所示倒挡换挡执行机构的后视图。
图19是图1所示实施例的液压系统的结构示意图。
图20是图1所示实施例的强制润滑系统的结构示意图。
图21是图1所示实施例的二次飞溅润滑系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图来详细描述本申请的优选实施例。本领域中的技术人员将领会的是,这些描述仅为描述性的、示例性的,并且不应被解释为限定了本申请的保护范围。
首先,需要说明的是,在本文中所提到的顶部、底部、朝上、朝下等方位用语是相对于各个附图中的方向来定义的。它们是相对的概念,并且因此能够随着特征的位置和使用状态而变化。所以,不应将这些方位用语理解为限制性用语。
此外,还应当指出的是,对于本文的实施例中描述或隐含的任意单个技术特征,或在附图中示出或隐含的任意单个技术特征,仍能够在这些技术特征(或其等同物)之间继续进行组合,从而获得未在本文中直接提及的本申请的其他实施例。
应当注意的是,在不同的附图中,相同的参考标号表示相同或大致相同的组件。
图1是根据本申请的混合动力变速箱总成的一个实施例的立体视图,并且图2是图1所示实施例的另一立体视图。图1和图2共同展示了根据本申请的混合动力变速箱总成。图3是图1所示实施例的分解视图,展示了根据本申请的混合动力变速箱总成所包含的多个子系统。
图1和图2分别从前端和后端展示了本申请的混合动力变速箱总成的基本结构。混合动力变速箱总成10可包括:液压系统710、油管720、蓄能器730、机械输入轴218、离合器410、前壳体110、半轴接口107、后壳体140和电子油泵740等。
如图3所示,混合动力变速箱总成10可包括但不限于下列组成部分:
结构件系统100,其可包括:前壳体、后壳体和电机支架等。结构件系统100可为整个混合动力变速箱总成10提供支撑结构。
齿轴系统200,其可包括:电动输入轴、电动输出轴、机械输入轴、机械输出轴、以及若干对齿轮副、轴承、卡簧等。各个轴可通过轴承来固定在结构件系统100的前壳体与后壳体上,并且各个轴可相对于各个壳体转动。电动输入轴、电动输出轴的作用可为传递电机的转速和扭矩,也可用于回收制动能量。机械输入轴、机械输出轴的作用可为传递发动机的转速和扭矩。
电机系统300,其可包括电机小总成和旋变小总成。电机小总成可通过电机支架固定在前壳体上,并通过花键和电动输入轴固联在一起。
离合器系统400,其可包括飞轮、离合器盖和压盘等。通过摩擦材料的压紧与自由状态,可实现发动机的动力输入与断开。
驻车执行系统500,其可构造为外置电机式驻车系统,并且可包括棘轮棘爪以及相关挂挡执行机构部件。驻车执行系统500的功能在于实现驻车挡与非驻车挡。
选换挡执行系统600,其可包括若干拨叉及拨叉轴。选换挡执行系统600可构造为由下文详细描述的液压系统驱动。例如,选换挡执行系统600可构造为通过油压带动,以控制拨叉不同挡位的挂入与挂出。
液压系统700,其可包括液压控制单元和电子油泵小总成。液压控制单元的液压缸与油壶可布置在变速箱的外部,便于检测和维修。通过电流控制电磁阀的动作,可实现对选换挡执行系统600的精确控制。
冷却润滑系统800,其可包括若干油槽及油管。油管可布置在电机周围,通过油管喷淋对电机进行主动冷却。油槽可构造为与齿轴系统200配合,以便收集飞溅的润滑液,并且可将润滑液输送至各个齿轮、轴承等部件,以便对它们进行润滑和冷却。
以下将结合图4至图21来分别描述上述各个系统。
举例来讲,相对于现有技术,结构件系统100可提供改善的承载能力,为齿轴系统200提供稳定支撑,提升轴承及齿轮耐久性能。具体而言,前壳体与后壳体受力承载区域通过承力销进行固连,以便在受载方向增加支撑,有效提升结构件整体支撑刚度,以提升变速箱的耐久性能和NVH性能。
图4是图3所示的结构件系统的前壳总成的立体视图,并且图5是图3所示的结构件系统的后壳总成的立体视图。如图4及图5所示,结构件系统100可包括:前壳体110、输出轴前轴承板120、电机支架130、后壳体140、电机后支架150、输入轴后轴承板160和电动输入轴后轴承板170等。本申请的结构件系统100采用了两片式壳体的主结构,由前壳体110和后壳体140构成。前壳体110和后壳体140可通过螺栓连接,并且集成了混合动力变速箱内部各个系统的接口以及混合动力变速箱与外部连接的接口。
如图4所示,前壳体110可在内部集成有:齿轴轴系轴承接口、换挡系统接口、驻车系统接口、电机安装接口、润滑冷却系统接口等;在外部集成有:离合器接口、分离系统接口、液压换挡系统接口、发动机及其他如半轴、悬置等整车连接接口等。在前壳体110上,通过螺栓连接了输出轴前轴承板120和电机支架130。输出轴前轴承板120的作用是为输出轴前轴承提供固定和定位,从而提升轴承的支撑刚度。电机支架130的作用是为电机定子提供前端的定位、固定和支撑。
如图5所示,后壳体140可在内部集成有:内部系统的齿轴轴系轴承接口、换挡系统接口、电机安装接口和润滑冷却系统接口等;在外部可集成有诸如半轴、悬置等整车连接的接口。在后壳体140上,通过螺栓连接了电机后支架150、输入轴后轴承板160、电动输入轴后轴承板170。电机后支架150的作用是为电机的后端提供支撑,从而有效提升了电机的模态。输入轴后轴承板160的作用是为输入轴后轴承提供固定和定位;电动输入轴后轴承板170的作用是为电动输入轴后轴承提供给固定和定位。
图6是在不同的结构件构造上模拟的后差速器支撑位置径向挠度的示意图。通过计算机模拟已经发现的是,在第一承力销181和第二承力销182所在的位置处刚度较低。因此,通过增加第一承力销181和第二承力销182,将前壳体110与后壳体140的受力承载区域进行固连,在受载方向增加支撑,能够有效提升结构件整体支撑刚度。如图6所示,通过增加第一承力销181和第二承力销182,差速器支撑位置101处的变形量显著减小。在图示的实施例中,变形量减少了超过20%。
举例来讲,相对于现有技术的方案,本申请的齿轴系统200可更好地扩展动力传递路径,实现发动机输出动力与电机输出动力的耦合,将机械挡主减主动齿轮与电动挡主减主动齿轮合并为单个主减从动齿轮。同时,为了提供电机辅助启动发动机功能,本申请的齿轴系统200在机械输入轴与电动输入轴之间增加了充电惰轮轴及怠速充电齿轮副。
图7是图1所示实施例的齿轴系统的结构示意图。如图7所示,齿轴系统200可包括若干副平行轴式齿轮、轴承等。滚动轴承可用于为轴系提供支撑,并且齿轮可用于传递来自发动机或电机的动力。齿轴系统200分包括机械挡部分与电动挡部分。机械挡输入轴总成201与发动机相连,通过机械输出轴总成202将不同挡位速比的动力流传递至主减速从动齿总成204,最终传递至半轴。电动挡输入轴总成206与变速箱内的电机205相连。电机205的动力经过电动输出轴总成208传递至主减速从动齿总成204,最终传递至半轴。发动机通过机械挡输入轴总成201传递的动力与电机205通过电动挡输入轴总成206传递的动力可各自独立地传递。也即,本申请的齿轴系统200可提供单独的发动机驱动模式和纯电驱动模式。另一方面,发动机通过机械挡输入轴总成201传递的动力与电机205通过电动挡输入轴总成206传递的动力也可在主减速从动齿总成204上进行耦合,然后输出至半轴。也即,本申请的齿轴系统200可提供混动模式或混合动力模式。此外,齿轴系统200还包括充电惰轮轴总成207。充电惰轮轴总成207用于连接机械挡输入轴总成201与电动挡输入轴总成206,使得发动机的动力可对电机205进行充电,也可将电机205用作发动机的起动机。
图8是图7所示实施例的机械输入轴总成的分解视图。如图8所示,在机械输入轴总成201中,球轴承213与圆柱滚子轴承202a对机械输入轴218进行支撑定位,1挡主动齿201a、2挡主动齿205a直接机加工在机械输入轴218上。C挡主动齿203a、5挡主动齿208a、4挡主动齿220、3挡主动齿226在滚针轴承204、209、211、219的支撑下,空套在机械输入轴218上,使得齿轮(C挡主动齿203a、5挡主动齿208a、4挡主动齿220、3挡主动齿226)可以实现与机械输入轴218不一样的转速差。当需要挂入某个挡位时,在5/C挡同步器或3/4挡同步器的作用下,将齿轮的转速与机械输入轴218的转速同步,其中:5挡同步环206a、5/C挡齿毂224、C挡同步环207a组成了5/C挡同步器,3挡同步环221、3/4挡齿毂222、4挡同步环223组成了3/4挡同步器。
图9是图7所示实施例的机械输出轴总成的分解视图。如图9所示,在机械输出轴总成202中,机械输出轴238通过两端的圆锥滚子轴承227与239进行支撑。1挡从动齿轮229与2挡从动齿轮235在滚针轴承230与滚针轴承234的支撑下,空套在机械输出轴238上。当需要挂入某个挡位时,在1/2挡同步器的作用下,将齿轮的转速与机械输出轴238的转速同步。其中:1挡同步环231、1/2挡齿毂232、2挡同步环233组成1/2挡同步器。3挡从动齿236、4挡从动齿轮242、5挡从动齿轮241通过其自身的内花键与机械输出轴238的外花键配合,始终与轴保证一致的转速。
图10是图7所示实施例的电动输入轴总成的分解视图。如图10所示,在电动输入轴总成206中,电动输入轴249通过球轴承247与圆柱滚子轴承248进行定位支撑,中间靠圆柱滚子243进行辅助支撑,以降低轴系变形带来齿轮耐久和振动噪声的影响。H挡主动齿轮250通过花键安装在电动输入轴249上,并且L挡主动齿轮251直接加工在电动输入轴249上。
图11是图7所示实施例的电动输出轴总成的分解视图。如图11所示,在电动输出轴总成208中,电动输出轴271通过两端圆锥滚子轴承265和269进行支撑定位。L挡从动齿263、H挡从动齿260分别通过L挡滚针轴承267、H挡滚针轴承259空套在电动输出轴271上。当需要挂入某个挡位时,在L/H挡同步器的作用下,将齿轮的转速与电动输出轴271的转速同步。其中:L挡同步环262、L/H挡同步器齿毂261和H挡同步环268组成L/H挡同步器。驻车齿轮270通过花键配合与电动输出轴271相连。在驻车齿轮270锁止时,电动输出轴271可实现车辆驻车功能。
图12是图7所示实施例的充电惰轮轴总成的分解视图。如图12所示,在充电惰轮轴总成207中,充电惰轮轴255的两端使用球轴承254和258进行支撑定位,C挡从动齿轮256与充电惰轮257以花键的形式连接在充电惰轮轴255上。
举例来讲,电机系统300可包括:电机定子、高压连接器、电机转子总成、旋转变压器定子和旋转变压器转子等。电机冷却主要通过油管喷油、集油槽集油浸润和电机转子甩油来实现。本申请的电机系统具有以下优势:结构集成性高,具备占用空间小、重量轻、冷却效果好、效率高等。
图13是图1所示实施例的电机和电动输入轴总成的结构示意图。如图13所示,电机定子绕组303可固定在电机定子铁芯302上,电机定子铁芯302可固定在电机支架301上,并且电机支架301可螺栓连接并固定在前壳体110上。电机转子可包括电机转子铁心304、电机动平衡板308、电机转子支架305、电机转子衬套306、旋变转子衬套307和旋变转子309等。电机转子铁心304可通过键槽配合固定在电机转子支架305上,电机转子衬套306可采用铝合金制成,外圈与电机转子衬套306通过自攻花键连接,内圈与电动输入轴313通过花键固连。电机转子支架305可包括电机转子铁心支撑轴311和电机动平衡板308,由铝合金制成。本申请的一体式动平衡板结构可大幅度降低电机的重量,实现电机的扭矩有效传递,并减小了电机的轴向尺寸。
举例来讲,离合器系统400以便能够相对于现有技术更好地缩短换挡时间,集成了常开式离合器。在纯电动切换到混动模式时,可以减少离合器的操作步骤,实现快速响应同时。当系统出现异常故障时,离合器410处于打开状态,从而改善了整个系统的安全性。
图14是图1所示实施例的离合器的结构示意图。如图14所示,离合器410属于常开干式离合器,处于发动机和驱动单元之间,是发动机与驱动单元动力连接的关键部件。在一个实施例中,离合器可设置在发动机和机械输入轴之间。离合器410可包括:连接盘401、球轴承402、摩擦片403、弹簧404、膜片弹簧405、离合器盖406等。根据驱动模式的不同,离合器410可具备如下功能:1)在纯电动驱动模式,离合器410可以断开单电机混动变速箱和发动机的连接;2)电机辅助启动发动机时,离合器410通过半结合滑磨来启动发动机;3)在混动驱动模式下,离合器410完全将发动机动力传递到驱动单元。
在一个实施例中,发动机可为车载内燃机,包括但不限于汽油机、柴油机等。
举例来讲,驻车系统500的功能在于:在车辆停止时,防止车轮转动,以实现驻车功能。其中,变速箱的电动输出轴可用作锁止轴,驻车执行机构可包括:驻车齿轮、驻车棘爪、导向器、挡位板簧、齿形板、换挡轴、执行杆、棘爪轴和复位扭簧等。
图15是图1所示实施例的驻车机构总成的结构示意图。如图15所示,驻车系统500的锁止轴可为混合动力变速箱总成10的电动输出轴271。在一个实施例中,驻车系统500可包括:驻车齿轮501、驻车棘爪502、导向器503、挡位板簧504、齿形板505、换挡轴506、执行杆507、棘爪轴508和复位扭簧509等。驻车齿轮501可通过花键过盈连接在电动输出轴271上。驻车棘爪502可通过棘爪轴508安装在前壳体110上,并且可绕棘爪轴508自由转动。复位扭簧509的一端与前壳体110连接,并且另一端与驻车棘爪502连接。导向器503可通过定位销安装在前壳体110上。换挡板簧504可安装在前壳体110上,并与齿形板505形成动态弹性连接。齿形板505可通过弹性销与换挡轴506固联。换挡轴506可安装在前壳体110上并可自由转动。执行杆507的一端与齿形板506之间形成铰链连接,并且可自由旋转。执行杆507的另一端为锥形结构,可同时与导向器503及驻车齿轮502相接触。
驻车系统500的工作方式如下:挂入驻车挡(P挡)时,来自外部的动力驱动换挡轴506转动,带动齿形板505同步转动,并转化为执行杆507在导向器503内的直线运动。执行杆507压迫驻车棘爪502围绕棘爪轴508转动,使得驻车棘爪502与驻车齿轮501咬合,实现锁止目的。脱出驻车挡时,换挡轴506反向转动,带动齿形板505同步转动,并转化为执行杆507在导向器503内的直线运动,使得执行杆507停止压迫驻车棘爪502,驻车棘爪502在复位扭簧509的作用下反向脱出,实现解除锁止目的。
在挂入驻车挡的过程中,驻车齿轮501与驻车棘爪502可能处于齿对齿槽或者齿对齿的结构;当挂入时处于齿对齿槽的情况时,棘爪502可以直接锁止驻车齿轮501;而当挂入时处于齿对齿的情况时,换挡轴506完成执行动作,带动齿形板505进入驻车挡位置,执行杆507的锥套部分与杆件部分可以相对滑动,杆件通过弹簧推力作用到锥套上,进而传递至驻车棘爪502。当车辆运动导致驻车齿轮501转动时,转变为齿对齿槽的状态,杆件的弹簧推力将棘爪推入齿槽位置。
在车辆未完全静止情况下挂驻车挡时,当车速高于临界车速时,挂挡过程中,驻车齿轮501与驻车棘爪502会产生打齿现象,驻车棘爪502会被不断弹出,阻止锁止工况发生。当车速高于临界车速时,驻车齿轮501与驻车棘爪502可顺利结合以实现锁止。
举例来讲,相对于现有技术,选换挡执行系统600更紧凑,1/2挡拨叉、3/4挡拨叉、5/C挡拨叉为单轴串联结构,节省布置空间;电动挡拨叉为一体铸造,提升空间利用率;倒挡拨叉采用杠杆设计,通过杠杆比,达到省力的作用。
图16是图1所示实施例的选换挡执行系统总成的结构示意图。如图16所示,选换挡执行系统600可包括:换挡盖总成601、倒挡拨叉602、1/2挡拨块603、1/2挡拨叉604、电动挡拨叉605、3/4挡拨叉606、5/C挡拨叉607和离合器机械执行机构608等。其中,1/2挡拨叉604、3/4挡拨叉606和5/C挡拨叉607可为单轴串联结构。电动挡拨叉605可为一体铸造的,倒挡拨叉602可采用杠杆设计,以便通过杠杆比达到省力的作用。
图17是图1所示实施例的倒挡换挡执行机构的前视图,并且图18是图17所示倒挡换挡执行机构的后视图。如图17、图18所示,倒挡换挡执行系统可包括:倒挡拨叉轴613、固定销612、回位弹簧611、轴承板610、倒挡拨叉602、旋转销钉614和拨头615等。拨叉轴613和倒挡拨叉602可通过旋转销钉614连接在一起,两者可以自由转动。拨头615固定在倒挡拨叉602上,并且倒挡拨叉602可绕固定销612旋转。回位弹簧611的一端固定在倒挡拨叉602,并且另一端固定在轴承板610上。轴承板610通过螺栓与壳体固定。当车辆需要挂入倒挡时,使换挡拨头617旋转,推动拨叉轴613,从而通过旋转销钉614带动倒挡拨叉602绕固定销612旋转,然后倒挡拨叉602带动拨头615推动倒挡惰轮609轴向移动,实现倒挡。当需要脱开倒挡时,使换挡拨头617朝相反方向旋转,推动拨叉轴613,从而通过旋转销钉614带动倒挡拨叉602绕固定销612旋转,则倒挡拨叉602带动拨头615推动倒挡惰轮609轴向移动,实现退挡。在上述过程中,回位弹簧611可能提供回位力。当不需要使用倒挡时,回位弹簧611可提供保持力,确保车辆不会误进倒挡。倒挡换挡执行系统采用杠杆设计。固定销612可作为旋转支点,以便通过杠杆比达到省力的作用。
举例来讲,相对于现有技术,液压系统700能够提供更灵活的控制机械挡位、电动挡位及离合器。液压系统700可包括三个部分,即电动换挡液压控制系统、机械换挡液压控制系统、离合器结合与分离自动控制液压系统。以上三个系统可共用一个油泵、滤油器。
如图19所示,液压系统700可包括:电动换挡执行器701、机械换挡执行器702、离合器结合与分离自动控制执行器703及控制模块,还可包括相应的供油的电子泵、油壶、蓄能器及油管等。电子泵可抽取油壶中的油提供给蓄能器。通过电磁阀的控制,蓄能器的油可提供作为上述三个换挡执行器701、702和703的工作用油。具体而言,选换挡及离合器执行如下:机械换挡执行器702推动机械挡1/2挡拨叉604、3/4挡拨叉606、5/C挡拨叉607和倒挡拨叉602运动,进行换挡,总计7个挡位。具体而言,选换挡可通过选挡活塞推动拨头上下运动做选挡动作,选挡复位可由螺旋弹簧实现,换挡可由活塞控制拨头往复直线运动,从而带动拨叉挂挡。电动换挡执行器701可为活塞推杆机构,由两个电磁阀控制高压油推动电动挡拨叉605运动,实现电动低速挡和电动高速挡的切换,总计2个挡位。离合器结合与分离自动控制执行器703可推动离合器机械执行机构608,也是活塞机构,由电磁阀控制蓄能器油来实现推杆移动,从而实现离合器410的结合与分离。具体而言,换挡可为由控制器接受来自整车的挡位切换命令,先通过离合器结合与分离自动控制执行器703切断离合器410,再通过电动换挡执行器701或机械换挡执行器702来执行相应的电动挡、机械挡或充电挡的挂挡动作。
举例来讲,相对于现有技术,冷却润滑系统800能够实现对电机、齿轮、轴承等部件的更精准的冷却与润滑。冷却润滑系统800可包括强制润滑系统和二次飞溅润滑系统。本申请的强制润滑系统可对电机等部件按需进行冷却。集油板、前导油槽、后导油槽等部件可有效地收集从齿轮飞溅出的润滑液或润滑油,并将润滑液或润滑油输送至齿轮、轴承等部件进行润滑。
图20是图1所示实施例的强制润滑系统的结构示意图。如图20所示,强制润滑系统可包括:电子泵801、集油槽802和电机冷却油管803等。电子泵801可设置在变速箱内部,并且用作动力源,以便为整个冷却润滑系统提供冷却介质的循环。集油槽802可设置在后壳区域处,并且可收集从电机冷却油管803喷淋出来的冷却油,实现对电机底部的冷却,并通过控制集油槽802与后轴承板的间隙,来控制集油高度。电机冷却油管803可采用小孔方案设计,例如可具有直径为2-3mm的孔。通过合理设计孔的外径,各区域分配到的冷却油量可满足该区域的冷却需求。
图21是图1所示实施例的二次飞溅润滑系统的结构示意图。如图21所示,二次飞溅润滑系统可包括:集油板805、前导油槽806和后导油槽807等。集油板805可通过螺栓固定在电机轴承板上。在高速工况下,集油板805可收集由主减齿轮搅起的油液,导向位于高处的电动齿轮,前导油槽806可收集由二挡常啮合齿轮搅起的油液,分别输送至机械输入轴的前轴承与机械输入轴的后轴承处。后导油槽807可收集电机的冷却用油及主减齿轮的搅油,并且输送至电动输出轴的前轴承。
本申请还涉及一种车辆,其包括上文所记载的混合动力变速箱总成100。根据本申请的混合动力变速箱总成和车辆具有配合紧密、结构合理等优势。
本说明书参考附图来公开本申请,并且还使本领域中的技术人员能够实施本申请,包括制造和使用任何装置或系统、选用合适的材料以及使用任何结合的方法。本申请的范围由请求保护的技术方案限定,并且包含本领域中的技术人员想到的其他实例。只要此类其他实例包括并非不同于请求保护的技术方案字面语言的结构元件,或此类其他实例包含与请求保护的技术方案的字面语言没有实质性区别的等价结构元件,则此类其他实例应当被认为处于由本申请请求保护的技术方案所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (11)
1.一种混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,包括:
结构件系统,其包括前壳体、后壳体和电机支架,并且构造为向整个混合动力变速箱总成提供支撑结构;
齿轴系统,其包括电动输入轴、电动输出轴、机械输入轴和机械输出轴,各个轴构造为通过轴承来固定在所述结构件系统的所述前壳体与所述后壳体上,并且相对于所述前壳体与所述后壳体是可转动的,其中,所述电动输入轴和所述电动输出轴用作传递电机的扭矩和/或回收制动能量,所述机械输入轴和所述机械输出轴用作传递发动机的扭矩;
电机系统,其包括电机小总成和旋变小总成;
驻车系统,其包括棘轮棘爪和挂挡执行机构,以便实现驻车挡与非驻车挡;
液压系统,其包括液压控制单元和电子油泵小总成;
选换挡执行系统,其包括多个拨叉和拨叉轴,并且构造为由所述液压系统驱动;
冷却润滑系统,其包括强制润滑系统和二次飞溅润滑系统;以及
离合器系统,其包括飞轮、离合器盖和压盘,所述离合器系统构造为通过摩擦材料的压紧与自由状态来实现发动机的动力输入与断开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述机械输入轴与发动机相连,并且通过所述机械输出轴将不同挡位速比的动力流传递至主减速从动齿总成,最终传递至半轴;并且
所述电动输入轴与电机相连,并且通过所述电动输出轴传递至所述主减速从动齿总成,最终传递至所述半轴。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述机械输入轴包括直接机加工在所述机械输入轴上的1挡主动齿和2挡主动齿,并且C挡主动齿、5挡主动齿、4挡主动齿、3挡主动齿在滚针轴承的支撑下空套在所述机械输入轴上;并且
1挡从动齿轮与2挡从动齿轮在滚针轴承支撑下空套在所述机械输出轴上,并且3挡从动齿、4挡从动齿轮、5挡从动齿轮通过其自身的内花键与所述机械输出轴上的外花键配合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,H挡主动齿轮通过花键安装在所述电动输入轴上,并且L挡主动齿轮直接加工在所述电动输入轴上;并且
L挡从动齿、H挡从动齿分别通过滚针轴承空套在所述电动输出轴上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述齿轴系统还包括充电惰轮轴,C挡从动齿轮与充电惰轮以花键的形式连接在所述充电惰轮轴上;
其中,所述充电惰轮轴用于连接所述机械输入轴与所述电动输入轴,使得发动机的动力可对电机进行充电,也可将电机用作发动机的起动机。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述前壳体与所述后壳体的后差速器支撑位置处设置有至少一个承力销,以便将所述前壳体与所述后壳体的受力承载区域进行固连并提升所述结构件系统的整体支撑刚度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述电机系统包括电机转子铁心,所述电机转子铁心通过键槽配合固定在电机转子支架上,并且所述电机转子支架包括电机转子铁心支撑轴和电机动平衡板。
8.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述驻车系统的锁止轴为所述电动输出轴。
9.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述选换挡执行系统包括:倒挡拨叉、1/2挡拨块、1/2挡拨叉、电动挡拨叉、3/4挡拨叉和5/C挡拨叉;其中,1/2挡拨叉、3/4挡拨叉和5/C挡拨叉构造为单轴串联结构;电动挡拨叉构造为一体铸造的,并且倒挡拨叉构造为采用杠杆设计。
10.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述选换挡执行系统包括电动换挡液压控制系统、机械换挡液压控制系统、离合器结合与分离自动控制液压系统,并且各个系统共用单个油泵和滤油器。
11.一种车辆,其特征在于,包括根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的混合动力变速箱总成。
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JP2014234093A (ja) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 自動変速装置 |
CN206874703U (zh) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-01-12 | 捷孚传动科技有限公司 | 混合动力汽车及其变速箱液压控制系统 |
CN212765685U (zh) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-03-23 | 蓝黛科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种混合动力传动系统 |
JP2021094884A (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-24 | スズキ株式会社 | 車両用駆動装置 |
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JP2014234093A (ja) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 自動変速装置 |
CN206874703U (zh) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-01-12 | 捷孚传动科技有限公司 | 混合动力汽车及其变速箱液压控制系统 |
JP2021094884A (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-24 | スズキ株式会社 | 車両用駆動装置 |
CN212765685U (zh) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-03-23 | 蓝黛科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种混合动力传动系统 |
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