CN114621793B

CN114621793B - Burner of coal gasification equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114621793B
Application number: CN202210266636.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张金辉; 米世海
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-03-17
Filing date: 2022-03-17
Publication date: 2023-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-17
Also published as: CN114621793A

Abstract

The invention relates to a burner of coal gasification equipment, which comprises a base, a conduit, a jacket and a positioning cylinder, wherein the conduit, the jacket and the positioning cylinder are coaxially sleeved in sequence from inside to outside, and the positioning cylinder is connected with the base; the guide pipe is provided with a main oxygen channel, a combustion-supporting channel and a coal dust channel; the main oxygen channel is provided with at least 2n oxygen outlet holes; the combustion-supporting channels are arranged in at least two and symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the guide pipe; the pulverized coal channels are configured to be at least 2n and spirally encircle around the axis direction of the guide pipe, and n is a natural number larger than 1; an outlet of the combustion supporting channel, an outlet of the main oxygen channel and an outlet of the pulverized coal channel; the burner also comprises an ignition device; the bottom of the jacket protrudes from the bottom of the conduit. The burner also comprises a heat exchange device for cooling; the positioning cylinder is positioned in the avoidance hole, and an intervention channel for introducing inert gas is arranged on the positioning cylinder. Therefore, the problems of poor adaptability, narrow application range and difficult guarantee of conversion efficiency of the burner in the prior art are solved.

Description

Burner of coal gasification equipment

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, in particular to a burner of coal gasification equipment.

Background

Principle of pulverized coal gasification reaction: pulverized coal and gasifying agent (O) ₂ ) And steam is sprayed into the combustion chamber through the burner, pulverized coal particles are entrained in the gas flow (inert gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like), and because the content of solid particles is low, the particles can be considered to be separated by the gas, and the particles are difficult to collide with each other. Thereafter, each particle undergoes combustion and gasification reactions independently. The coal particles are rapidly thermally cracked in a high temperature environment, and the cracked products are rapidly combusted in high concentration of oxygen, thereby providing heat to maintain the high temperature environment and to perform endothermic gasification reactions, and generating high temperature water gas or process gas.

Currently, three types of diffusion burners, single burners and multiple burners are commonly used.

When the diffusion burner is applied, combustible material and combustion supporting material are independently fed into the end of the burner and further injected into a combustion chamber. Based on the structural design of the burner, the pulverized coal can rotate in the same direction (the rotation is to shorten the injection distance and enlarge the diffusion area) and diffuse after leaving the burner. Under the action of the internal temperature of the combustion chamber and the pilot burner, the gasification combustion reaction of continuous coal powder occurs. Because the structure of the diffusion burner is single, a plurality of design defects exist. According to the current data, the fine ash combustible matters of the current dry coal powder gasification furnace are about 40 percent, and the minimum fine ash combustible matters are only about 26 percent, so that the industrial requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction and consumption reduction of industrial production cannot be met.

Under the condition of large atomization angle of the diffusion burner, after the pulverized coal leaves the burner, the distance between the pulverized coal sprayed by the burner and the combustion chamber is relatively short, and part of the pulverized coal does not effectively carry out gasification reaction, and can be sprayed on the water cooling wall of the combustion chamber, and the temperature is quickly reduced, so that gasification reaction is not facilitated. The water-cooling wall of the combustion chamber adopts a slag-resisting structure, and at the moment, pulverized coal which cannot reach a molten state is sprayed on the water-cooling wall, so that the slag-hanging strength of the water-cooling wall can be influenced. The slag layer is unstable, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the water-cooled wall can be influenced, and the water-cooled wall is also easy to damage. And under the condition of smaller atomization angle, the area of the reflux zone at the upper part of the atomization angle is large, the area of the low-temperature zone is large, and relatively more coal dust is positioned in the low-temperature reflux zone, so that gasification reaction is difficult to effectively perform. The dispersing area of the pulverized coal is small, the distance between the pulverized coal and the pulverized coal is short, and the reaction time of materials is reduced. In this case, the oxidant cannot be fully combined with the pulverized coal, and the heat dispersion is not uniform at this time, i.e. a large deviation from the ideal pulverized coal gasification precondition occurs. In the combustion chamber, the reflux zone is slightly far from the outlet of the combustion chamber, which can cause loss of part of coal powder which is not completely gasified, so that the gasification effect is deteriorated and the conversion rate is reduced.

For a single burner, the flow of the pulverized coal is fixed and the flow field of the combustion chamber is relatively stable due to the adoption of a single-passage design. In the combustion process, if the pulverized coal is blocked in the conveying process due to external factors, the pulverized coal is stopped in a system, and the atomization angle is not provided with adjusting conditions from the structural view of the burner, so that the single burner is sensitive to the working environment, has poor adaptability and is extremely limited in application range.

The design of the multiple burners can enable multiple paths of coal dust to enter the combustion chamber at the same time, and compared with the design of a single burner, the probability of coal dust blocking of the multiple burners during use is obviously reduced. But at the same time create new problems such as: the flow rate and flow rate of the pulverized coal in different channels are different, and the atomization angle of the burner is also different, so that the flow field of the pulverized coal entering the combustion chamber is changed.

Under certain conditions, the atomization angle of the burner and the diameter and length of the combustion chamber have different requirements on the atomization angle required by the gasification reaction of different coal types (heat value, carbon content, ash content and volatile matters) in the reaction equipment preset in advance. Meanwhile, the coal types are different at present, and the raw materials of coal gasification equipment are changed frequently in operation. Therefore, aiming at the problems of poor adaptability, narrow application range and difficult guarantee of conversion efficiency of the burner in the prior art, the current burner or coal gasification equipment with the burner is also required to be improved, so that the current technical problem is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at providing a nozzle of coal gasification equipment to solve among the prior art nozzle adaptability poor, application scope is narrow and be difficult to guarantee conversion efficiency's problem.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present disclosure provides a burner of coal gasification equipment, which comprises a base, a conduit, a jacket and a positioning cylinder, wherein the conduit, the jacket and the positioning cylinder are coaxially sleeved in sequence from inside to outside, and the positioning cylinder is connected to the base;

the guide pipe is provided with a main oxygen channel for introducing main oxygen, a combustion-supporting channel for introducing ignition oxygen and a pulverized coal channel for introducing pulverized coal; the main oxygen channel is provided with at least 2n oxygen outlet holes, and the oxygen outlet holes are arranged at the bottom of the guide pipe and are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the guide pipe; the combustion-supporting channels are arranged in at least two and symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the guide pipe; the pulverized coal channels are configured to be at least 2n and spirally encircle around the axial direction of the guide pipe, so that the pulverized coal can form rotational flow after being led out, wherein n is a natural number larger than 1;

the outlet of the combustion-supporting channel, the outlet of the main oxygen channel and the outlet of the pulverized coal channel are sequentially arranged along the direction from inside to outside relative to the axis of the guide pipe;

The burner also comprises an ignition device, and the tail end of the ignition device extends to the bottom of the guide pipe;

the outlet of the combustion-supporting channel is positioned at the outer side of the tail end of the ignition device so as to form a combustion-supporting area;

the bottom of the jacket protrudes out of the bottom of the conduit to be able to form a premixing zone;

the burner also comprises a heat exchange device for cooling, wherein the heat exchange device is of a cylindrical structure and is provided with an avoidance hole matched with the positioning cylinder; the positioning cylinder is positioned in the avoidance hole, an intervention channel for introducing inert gas is arranged on the positioning cylinder, and the gas outlet of the intervention channel is positioned below the guide pipe so as to push the mixed gas of the premixing area to the position below the gas outlet of the intervention channel, and the area below the gas outlet of the intervention channel is formed into a combustion area.

In one possible design, the coal dust channel comprises a coal inlet pipe, a vertical section and a spiral section, wherein the coal inlet pipe is obliquely arranged and communicated with the guide pipe; the vertical section is vertically arranged, one end of the vertical section is communicated with the coal inlet pipe, and the other end of the vertical section is communicated with the spiral section; the helical section is helically disposed about the axis of the catheter.

In one possible design, the inclination angle of the coal inlet pipe is gamma, and gamma is more than or equal to 20 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees; the helix angle of the spiral section is beta, and beta is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.

In one possible design, the oxygen outlet holes are arranged obliquely to form an exit angle with an angle, the exit angle being directed towards the axis of the catheter; the angle of the emergence angle is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 75 degrees.

In one possible design, the burner further comprises a first bracket ring and a second bracket ring, the first bracket ring being connected to the positioning cylinder and protruding towards the heat exchange device; the second bracket ring is connected with the positioning cylinder and protrudes towards the guide pipe; the first bracket ring and the second bracket ring are oppositely arranged, and the distance between the first bracket ring and the second bracket ring is gradually increased and then gradually decreased along the flowing direction of the inert gas, so that the pressure of the inert gas during spraying can be increased.

In one possible design, the burner further comprises an air inlet nozzle, a sealing air channel is arranged on the base, the air inlet nozzle is communicated with the sealing air channel, a gap area is formed by the base, the positioning cylinder and the heat exchange device together, and the sealing air channel is communicated with the gap area.

In one possible design, the ignition device includes an insulating sealed high voltage terminal connected to the conduit, a wire, an insulating cylinder, and a conductive member connected to the conduit through the insulating cylinder;

the conductive member has an inner bore coaxially disposed with the conduit; the conducting wire is pulled along the axial direction of the catheter and connected with the conducting piece, and an annular discharge groove is further formed in the bottom of the conducting piece;

the ignition device also comprises a pushing channel for introducing inert gas and a gas channel for introducing fuel gas; the pushing channel is arranged in the center of the catheter and is communicated with the conductive piece so as to flow out of an inner hole of the conductive piece; the fuel gas channel is positioned at the outer side of the pushing channel so as to flow out from the outer edge of the conductive piece;

the conductive element comprises a base body and a plurality of curved teeth, the base body is detachably connected with the guide pipe, and the curved teeth are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base body; each curved tooth is spirally arranged so that a guide groove can be formed between every two adjacent curved teeth, and the guide groove is used for limiting the flow direction of the fuel gas; the spiral direction of the curved teeth is approximately the same as the spiral direction of the pulverized coal channel.

The inert gas is introduced to play a role in purging the channel and reducing the temperature, so that the coal dust is prevented from being blocked by the coal dust or the combustible gas is prevented from being formed into an explosive mixture.

In one possible design, the heat exchange device includes a protective cylinder and a plurality of heat exchange tubes, the protective cylinder being connected to the base;

the heat exchange tube is provided with a feed inlet for guiding in a refrigerant and a discharge outlet for guiding out the refrigerant, and the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are both arranged on the base;

each heat exchange tube is coiled along the axis direction of the protective cylinder, and the heat exchange tubes of adjacent layers are sequentially welded to form a multi-layer disc-shaped heat exchange main body, each heat exchange main body is provided with an avoidance hole, and a plurality of heat exchange main bodies are sequentially stacked along the vertical direction and welded into a whole;

the heat exchange device also comprises a plurality of grabbing nails which are distributed on the fire facing surface of the heat exchange main body at intervals; and castable is arranged between each grabbing nail so that the solidified castable can form a refractory layer.

In one possible design, the guard cylinder includes an inner guard cylinder and an outer guard cylinder coaxially disposed; the outer protective cylinder is sleeved on the periphery of the inner protective cylinder, a gap is formed between the outer wall of the inner protective cylinder and the inner wall of the outer protective cylinder, and the gap is filled with high-temperature resistant materials.

In one possible design, the number of heat exchange tubes is configured to be 2n, where n is a natural number greater than 1.

In one possible design, the burner further comprises a flame monitor and a cover glass; the protective glass is hermetically connected to the top of the guide pipe, wherein the protective glass is high-temperature-resistant transparent glass; the flame monitor is used for observing the current flame combustion state through the protective glass.

Based on the arrangement of the intervening channels, inert gas can be introduced, while under the pressure of the inert gas, it is beneficial to have premixed coal powder be effectively injected from the premixing zone to the combustion zone (the combustion zone is within the combustion chamber). During the diffusion process, the coal powder changes from channel to chamber, so the space changes under the same pressure. Because the pulverized coal is the particles and other materials are gases, gaps among the pulverized coal particles can be enlarged, and the stirring and mixing effects of the materials are good; meanwhile, the particle size of the pulverized coal is increased after depressurization, so that the contact area of the pulverized coal and oxygen is further increased, and the uniformity of pulverized coal mixing is further improved. In addition, the arrangement of the intervention channel can form a structure similar to that of a gas throttle, so that the injection angle of the pulverized coal falling into a combustion zone is indirectly adjusted by adjusting the air flow of inert gas, and further, the pulverized coal can have a good atomization effect after entering the combustion chamber, and meanwhile, the occurrence of tempering is avoided, so that the operation safety of the burner is ensured. In addition, the design of the intervention channel improves the pushing speed of the coal powder and the mixed gas, and can play a certain role in cooling.

In this application, owing to set up many buggy passageway to set up the passageway that the coal passageway was encircleed to the spiral, be of value to making the buggy can form fine whirl state at the in-process of leading into the combustion chamber, and the buggy is at the end of whirl passageway, the buggy of multichannel whirl state can collect into one way (whirl direction is the same), thereby comes into contact with the mixed gas of oxygen and steam that comes out from the inside whirl of pipe, thereby evenly fully mixes, and improves later conversion efficiency.

Through the technical scheme, the gasification furnace has fast combustion reaction and high temperature during operation, meanwhile, the flame propagation speed is fast, the reaction mixed gas is not diffused, a flame center is generated by introducing a fire source into the combustible mixed gas, and the flame center becomes a heat and chemical active particle concentration source. During combustion, the flame propagates in a turbulent manner, the combustion speed being dependent on the speed of the chemical reaction, the temperature of the flame face being dependent on the fuel-air blending ratio. Therefore, the controllability is good.

Based on the structural design of each channel, the cyclone flow is beneficial to the generation of the cyclone flow to help the coal powder to be fully and uniformly mixed, so that the conversion efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, based on the design of the main oxygen channel, the combustion-supporting channel, the coal powder channel and the intervention channel, different fluid coal powder can enter the combustion chamber at the same time, and meanwhile, different fluids can be respectively controlled according to actual conditions. Because the channels are relatively independent, the material guiding process is not interfered with each other, the material blocking probability of the fluid can be greatly reduced, the maintenance time and the maintenance cost can be reduced, and the stability of the equipment in the operation process can be improved. In addition, even if some blocking occurs, the whole gasification work can be effectively operated by adjusting the flow of other channels. Therefore, the requirements of the gasifier of the burner on the working environment are reduced, the tolerance is good, and the application range of the burner is effectively improved.

The effects of the method are summarized as follows:

1. at the same blending ratio, more heat can be generated, and heat can also be concentrated.

2. The multi-channel design finally merges into one channel, so that even if one channel is blocked, the flow condition of the combustion chamber is not influenced, and the tolerance is good.

3. The pulverized coal flowing out through the spiral channel can form rotational flow and is fully mixed with fuel gas.

Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain, but do not limit the disclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a burner of a coal gasification facility;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of portion B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a conduit and a coal dust channel in a burner of a coal gasification apparatus.

Description of the reference numerals

11-base, 12-conduit, 13-jacket, 14-positioning cylinder, 21-main oxygen channel, 22-combustion supporting channel, 23-coal powder channel, 24-intervention channel, 25-pushing channel, 26-gas channel, 3-ignition device, 31-insulating sealed high-voltage terminal, 34-conductive piece, 41-bracket ring, 42-bracket ring, 51-air inlet nozzle, 52-sealed gas channel, 6-heat exchange device, 61-heat exchange tube, 62-inner protective cylinder, 63-outer protective cylinder, 64-refractory material, 65-feed inlet, 66-discharge outlet, 7-combustion chamber, 8-flame monitor, 9-protective glass.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a burner for a coal gasification plant is provided, which can be used in any suitable coal gasification plant, such as a gasifier. Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail taking an example of the application of the burner to a gasification furnace.

After the pulverized coal is introduced into the pulverized coal channel 23 of the gasification furnace, the route is roughly divided into three areas: a cracking and volatilizing combustion zone; (II) a combustion and gasification zone; and (III) a gasification zone.

First, the concept of the volatile component of coal needs to be explained. The volatile component of coal refers to the content of overflowed substances (gas or liquid) after water is removed by isolating the coal from air heating at a certain temperature. The volatile matter of the coal is not only an index to be considered for coking and gasification, but also an important index of the power coal, and is an auxiliary index of the power coal according to the calorific value, which reflects the deterioration degree of the coal, the volatile matter is from large to small, and the deterioration degree of the coal is from small to large. If the volatile content of peat is up to 70%, lignite is generally 40-60%, bituminous coal is generally 10-70%, and high-metamorphic anthracite is less than 10%. The volatile components of the coal are related to the composition of the coal and the rock, the volatile components of the cutin are the highest, the mirror coal and the bright coal are the next lowest, and the silk carbon is the lowest. So that the volatile matters of the coal are used as the most important indexes of the coal classification in various countries in the world and China.

The main oxygen is a mixture of steam and oxygen. But one of the two materials can be controlled to be independently fed, namely, the ratio of oxygen in the main oxygen is adjusted, so that the two materials are simultaneously led into the main oxygen channel according to a certain proportion.

It is understood that the amount of volatile products is related to the grade of the coal, the ambient temperature, the coal particle size, the rate of temperature rise. For example, the injection of coal particles into the combustion chamber 7 is a rapid heating process, and the volatile components generated by the pyrolysis of coal are rapidly combusted. Because of the high oxygen concentration in this region, combustion of the volatiles is complete and the volatiles also generate a significant amount of heat upon combustion.

In the working process, the ignited fuel gas is also mixed with materials such as coal dust, and the like, because the coal dust is the particles, and other materials are gas, gaps between the coal dust particles and the particles can be enlarged, and the stirring and mixing effects of the materials are good, and the designed structure is in the same space under the condition of very good stirring effects. The other is to carry out gasification reaction at the same time of diffusion mixing, and our technology is to separate the two. Because the ignition temperature points of the materials are different, the fuel gas reacts with oxygen to generate stratified combustion, and because the combustion is in the middle of the particles of the pulverized coal, a part of the heat received by the pulverized coal is easily gasified, so that the consumption of the materials is reduced, and the energy consumption for reducing the gasification efficiency is increased.

In the pyrolysis and volatilization combustion zone, once pulverized coal particles are sprayed into a high temperature zone in the combustion chamber 7, the pulverized coal particles are rapidly heated and volatile matters are released.

In the combustion and gasification zone, devolatilized char reacts on the one hand with residual oxygen (the products are CO and CO ₂ Mixtures of (c) on the other hand char with H ₂ O (g) and CO ₂ Reaction to form CO and H ₂ Products CO and H ₂ But also can react with residual oxygen in the gas phase to generate more heat.

In the gasification zone, after the products of combustion now enter the gasification zone, the following reactions occur: char and CO ₂ Reaction of (2) char and H ₂ O (g), char and hydrogen, methane conversion and water gas conversion.

The basic principle of gasification reactions is different due to different pressure and temperature conditions. The chemical reaction causes a change in air pressure that adversely affects the equilibrium state of the chemical reaction, which in various cases affects the equilibrium state of the chemical reaction with respect to temperature.

The reaction of the gasification furnace is multiphase under the condition of high temperature and pressure, the influence factors are more, the process is extremely complex, and the gasification reaction in the coal gasification process can be briefly described by the following overall reaction:

The gasification reaction mainly occurs under high temperature conditions:

combustion reaction: C+O ₂ →CO ₂ ，C+1/2 O ₂ CO; combustion is an exothermic reaction, releasing heat Δh= -393J. It provides reaction heat for the following gasification reactionAmount of the components.

Gasification reaction: C+CO ₂ 2CO, the gasification reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the absorbed heat is delta H= +171kJ;

heterogeneous water gas shift reaction: C+H ₂ O→CO+H ₂ The heterogeneous water gas shift reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the absorbed heat is Δh= +131kJ;

homogeneous water gas shift reaction: CO ₂ +H ₂ →CO+H ₂ O, the homogeneous water gas shift reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the absorbed heat is delta H= +40kJ;

methanation reaction: CH (CH) ₄ +H ₂ O→CO+3H ₂ The absorbed heat is Δh= +206kJ; CH (CH) ₄ +CO ₂ →2CO+2H ₂ The amount of heat absorbed was Δh= +246kJ.

As can be seen from the reaction equation, the main component CO+H in the synthesis gas generated by gasification reaction under high temperature condition ₂ 。

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the burner comprises a base 11, a conduit 12, a jacket 13 and a positioning cylinder 14, wherein the conduit 12, the jacket 13 and the positioning cylinder 14 are coaxially sleeved in sequence from inside to outside, and the positioning cylinder 14 is connected with the base 11.

The guide pipe 12 is provided with a main oxygen channel 21 for introducing main oxygen, a combustion-supporting channel 22 for introducing ignition oxygen and a pulverized coal channel 23 for introducing pulverized coal; wherein the main oxygen passage 21 has at least 2n oxygen outlet holes, which are arranged at the bottom of the duct 12 and are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the duct 12; the combustion-supporting channels 22 are arranged in at least two and symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the conduit 12; the pulverized coal channels 23 are configured to be at least 2n and spirally wound around the axial direction of the duct 12 so that pulverized coal can form a swirl after being led out, wherein n is a natural number greater than 1.

The outlet of the combustion supporting passage 22, the outlet of the main oxygen passage 21 and the outlet of the pulverized coal passage 23 are sequentially arranged in the direction from inside to outside relative to the axis of the conduit 12.

The burner also comprises an ignition device 3, and the tail end of the ignition device 3 extends to the bottom of the guide pipe 12; the outlet of the combustion-supporting channel 22 is positioned outside the tail end of the ignition device 3 so as to form a combustion-supporting area; the bottom of the jacket 13 protrudes from the bottom of the conduit 12 to enable the formation of a premixing zone.

The burner also comprises a heat exchange device 6 for cooling, wherein the heat exchange device 6 is of a cylindrical structure and is provided with an avoidance hole matched with the positioning cylinder 14; the positioning cylinder 14 is located in the avoidance hole, an intervention channel 24 for introducing inert gas is arranged on the positioning cylinder 14, and an air outlet of the intervention channel 24 is located below the guide pipe, so that mixed gas in the premixing area can be pushed to the position below the air outlet of the intervention channel, and a region below the air outlet of the intervention channel 24 is formed into a combustion area.

When the burner is applied to a gasification furnace, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, main oxygen is introduced into the premixing zone from the main oxygen passage 21, and ignition oxygen is introduced into the end of the ignition device 3 from the combustion-supporting passage 22, thereby enabling the ignition oxygen and the main oxygen to form a combustible mixed gas in the premixing zone, which is hereinafter referred to as premixed gas. When the ignition device 3 is started, the premixed gas can be ignited, namely premixed combustion.

The oxygen reacts with the ignition fuel gas at the time of ignition. After the materials such as coal powder, main oxygen and the like enter, the ignition oxygen and the ignition fuel gas are not combusted independently, and after the ignition oxygen and the ignition fuel gas are mixed with the materials such as the coal powder, the main oxygen and the like, the materials are sprayed out together, so that combustion gasification reaction is effectively carried out.

Based on the provision of the intervening channels 24, inert gas can be introduced, while at the pressure of the inert gas, it is beneficial to have premixed coal powder be effectively injected from the premixing zone into the combustion zone (the combustion zone is within the combustion chamber). In the diffusion process of the pulverized coal, the volume expansion pressure is reduced, so that the gap between the pulverized coal is increased; meanwhile, the particle size of the pulverized coal is increased after depressurization, so that the contact area of the pulverized coal and oxygen is further increased, and the uniformity of pulverized coal mixing is further improved. In addition, the arrangement of the intervention channel 24 can form a structure similar to a gas throttle, so that the injection angle of the pulverized coal falling into the combustion area is indirectly adjusted by adjusting the air flow of the inert gas, the pulverized coal can have a better atomization effect after entering the combustion chamber, and the occurrence of tempering is avoided, so that the operation safety of the burner is ensured. In addition, the design of the intervention channel 24 improves the pushing speed of the pulverized coal and the mixed gas, and can play a certain role in cooling.

In this application, because a plurality of pulverized coal channels 23 are provided, and the pulverized coal channels 23 are provided as spiral surrounding channels, the pulverized coal can form a good swirling state in the process of being led into the combustion chamber 7, and the pulverized coal is at the tail end of the swirling channel, and the pulverized coal in a multipath swirling state is converged into one path (the swirling direction is the same), so that the pulverized coal contacts with the mixed gas of oxygen and steam swirling from the inside of the conduit 12, and is uniformly and fully mixed, and the conversion efficiency in the later stage is improved.

Based on the structural design of each channel, the cyclone flow is beneficial to the generation of the cyclone flow to help the coal powder to be fully and uniformly mixed, so that the conversion efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, based on the design of the main oxygen channel 21, the combustion supporting channel 22, the coal powder channel 23 and the intervention channel 24, different fluid coal powder can enter the combustion chamber at the same time, and meanwhile, different fluids can be respectively controlled according to actual conditions. Because the channels are relatively independent, the material guiding process is not interfered with each other, the material blocking probability of the fluid can be greatly reduced, the maintenance time and the maintenance cost can be reduced, and the stability of the equipment in the operation process can be improved. In addition, even if some blocking occurs, the whole gasification work can be effectively operated by adjusting the flow of other channels. Therefore, the requirements of the gasifier of the burner on the working environment are reduced, the tolerance is good, and the application range of the burner is effectively improved.

In the present disclosure, the pulverized coal channels 23 are configured in 6, and each pulverized coal channel 23 is spirally wound around the axial direction of the duct 12. This is beneficial in directing the coal fines at an angle to create a swirling flow. In other embodiments, the pulverized coal channels 23 may be configured in any suitable number of 4, 8 or 10, and those skilled in the art may flexibly set according to the specifications of the actual combustion chamber 7 and the specifications of the pulverized coal channels 23. It is understood that n is an integer greater than 1, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

It should be noted that the swirl direction is consistent regardless of the number of pulverized coal channels 23 configured, which is beneficial for generating a stable swirl.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the coal dust channel 23 includes a coal inlet pipe, a vertical section and a spiral section, wherein the coal inlet pipe is obliquely arranged and communicated with the guide pipe 12; the vertical section is vertically arranged, one end of the vertical section is communicated with the coal inlet pipe, and the other end of the vertical section is communicated with the spiral section; the helical segments are helically disposed about the axis of the catheter 12.

Referring to fig. 4, the pulverized coal can be introduced through the coal inlet pipe, and the inclined arrangement of the coal inlet pipe is beneficial to smoothly introducing the pulverized coal into the vertical section, and meanwhile, the vertical section can be flushed to a certain extent to prevent the pulverized coal from accumulating. The design of the vertical section is beneficial to playing a certain rectifying effect, so that coal dust can smoothly fall down with a certain gravity acceleration, and when entering the spiral section, the coal dust can rapidly enter the spiral section under the action of gravitational potential energy and is led out along the spiral section. Based on the special design of the spiral section, the pulverized coal can form a good rotational flow state. In the spiral section, coal dust is introduced in a multi-way mode. When the pulverized coal flows to the end of the swirl passage, the pulverized coal in the multipath swirl state can be collected into one path and contacted with the mixed gas of oxygen and steam reversely swirled from the main oxygen passage 21 due to the consistent swirling directions of the plurality of pulverized coal passages 23. Therefore, the pulverized coal can be fully and uniformly mixed with the gas, the conversion efficiency in the subsequent gasification reaction is improved, and the method has better economy.

In the coal inlet pipe, the vertical section and the spiral section, the flow speed of the pulverized coal is respectively vj, vs and vl, wherein vs > vj > vl. Thus, the pulverized coal can be smoothly moved in the pulverized coal passage 23, and the pulverized coal can be prevented from accumulating in the pulverized coal passage 23.

In one possible design, the coal feed pipe has an inclination angle of γ. Specifically, 20 DEG-gamma-70 deg. The design is beneficial to leading the pulverized coal into the coal inlet pipe smoothly, and is also beneficial to controlling the flow speed and the flow quantity of the pulverized coal in the coal inlet pipe, so that the pulverized coal is prevented from accumulating in the vertical section.

In the present disclosure, the inclination angle of the coal feeding pipe may be any suitable angle such as 20 °,30 °, 40 °, 45 °, 55 °, 60 °, or 70 °, etc., thereby allowing the pulverized coal to smoothly slide down. Preferably, the inclination of the coal inlet pipe is configured to be 50 °, which may facilitate the introduction of coal fines into the vertical section at an optimal angle.

In one possible design, the helix angle of the helical segment is β. Specifically, 30 DEG.ltoreq.beta.ltoreq.60 deg. In this way, the pulverized coal is smoothly guided out of the spiral section at a certain angle, thereby forming a swirling flow.

In the present disclosure, the helix angle may be any suitable angle such as 30 °, 40 °, 45 °, 55 °, or 60 °, thereby allowing the pulverized coal to flow out at an angle, thereby forming a swirling flow having a certain kinetic energy. Preferably, the inclination angle of the coal inlet pipe is configured to be 45 degrees, so that coal dust can flow out at an optimal angle.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the oxygen outlet holes are arranged obliquely to form an exit angle with an angle, which is directed to the axis of the duct 12, so that the primary oxygen can be sufficiently mixed with the pulverized coal; the angle of the emergence angle is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 75 degrees. In this way, the main oxygen can be injected at a certain angle, so that the main oxygen and the pulverized coal are fully and uniformly mixed.

In the present disclosure, the exit angle may be any suitable angle such as 45 °, 50 °, 60 °, 65 °, or 75 °, so that the main oxygen flows out at a certain angle, so as to be injected into the pulverized coal swirling flow, thereby increasing the distance between pulverized coal, enabling the pulverized coal to be uniformly diffused, and improving the subsequent gasification efficiency. Preferably, the exit angle of the oxygen outlet holes is configured to be 60 degrees, so that the main oxygen and the pulverized coal can be conveniently and fully homogenized and mixed.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the burner further comprises a first bracket ring 41 and a second bracket ring 42, wherein the first bracket ring 41 is connected to the positioning cylinder 14 and protrudes towards the heat exchange device 6; the second bracket ring 42 is connected to the positioning cylinder 14 and projects toward the catheter 12; the first bracket ring 41 and the second bracket ring 41 are disposed opposite to each other, and the distance between them is gradually increased and then gradually decreased along the flow direction of the inert gas, so as to increase the pressure of the inert gas during the spraying, thereby increasing the speed of the inert gas during the spraying.

Referring to fig. 3, the first bracket ring 41 and the second bracket ring 42 can be formed as an air outlet nozzle with a smaller diameter and a larger diameter, so that a small compression structure is beneficial to be formed, so that inert gas is compressed and then is emitted at a certain pressure, and the mixed gas is effectively pushed to the combustion area.

Wherein, the materials of the first bracket ring 41 and the second bracket ring 42 should be configured as materials resistant to high temperature and acid and alkali corrosion. In this connection, the person skilled in the art can flexibly arrange them according to the materials available, and is therefore not restricted. In addition, the distance between the first bracket ring 41 and the second bracket ring 42 can be flexibly set according to actual requirements.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the burner further includes an air inlet nozzle 51, the base 11 is provided with a sealing air channel 52, the air inlet nozzle 51 is communicated with the sealing air channel 52, a gap area is formed by the base 11, the positioning cylinder 14 and the heat exchange device 6 together, and the sealing air channel 52 is communicated with the gap area. In this way, on the one hand, the indirect heat exchange device 6 has a certain cooling effect, and on the other hand, the pressure in the whole gasification combustion chamber 7 can be kept relatively balanced.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the ignition device 3 includes an insulating sealed high voltage terminal 31, a wire, an insulating cylinder, and a conductive member 34, wherein the insulating sealed high voltage terminal 31 is connected to the conduit 12, and the conductive member 34 is connected to the conduit 12 through the insulating cylinder; the conductive element 34 has an inner bore coaxially disposed with the conduit 12; the lead wire is pulled along the axial direction of the catheter 12 and is connected to the conductive member 34, and an annular discharge groove is further formed in the bottom of the conductive member 34. This is beneficial to guiding current convergence and improving discharge probability and ignition success probability.

The ignition device 3 further comprises a pushing channel 25 for introducing inert gas and a gas channel 26 for introducing fuel gas; the pushing channel 25 is arranged at the center of the catheter 12 and is communicated with the conductive piece 34 so as to flow out of an inner hole of the conductive piece 34; the gas channel 26 is located outside the push channel 25 so as to be able to flow out from the outer edge of the conductive member 34.

The conductive member 34 includes a base detachably connected to the guide pipe 12 and a plurality of curved teeth uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the base; each curved tooth is spirally arranged so that a guide groove can be formed between every two adjacent curved teeth, and the guide groove is used for limiting the flow direction of the fuel gas; the spiral direction of the curved teeth is substantially the same as the spiral direction of the pulverized coal channel 23.

Inert gas can be led out along the push channel 25, while at the same time, thanks to the curved tooth structure of the guide, it is beneficial to let the fuel gas flow out along the guide slot. When the insulated sealed high voltage terminal 31 is activated, the wires are able to energize and conduct the power supply to the conductive member 34, which, based on the design of the curved teeth and the discharge ring, is beneficial for letting the current follow the curved teeth and eventually collect at the discharge ring, thereby generating a sufficiently large current. In this case, it is possible to generate an electric spark and ignite the mixed fuel, thereby improving the discharge probability and the ignition success probability.

In addition, the combustion reaction rate can be improved through the scheme, and the propagation speed of flame can be further improved due to the fact that the overall temperature is high and under the effective pushing of inert gas. Meanwhile, since the reaction mixture is not diffused, a flame center can be generated by introducing a fire source into the combustible mixture, thereby enabling an effective gasification reaction in the combustion chamber 7.

The substantially same means that the inclination direction of the curved teeth is the same as the rotation direction of the pulverized coal channel, and not that the specific inclination angle is exactly the same. For example, the inclination angle of the curved teeth is 60 degrees, and the inclination angle of the pulverized coal channel is 55 degrees, and the inclination angle between the curved teeth and the pulverized coal channel is allowed to be different, so long as the whole inclination directions are consistent.

The curved teeth are arranged in an inclined mode, so that the curved guide groove can be manufactured, and the fuel gas is cyclone, so that combustible materials and combustion-supporting materials are quickly mixed. It should be noted that the angle of inclination of the curved teeth must not be too great to prevent combustion of the combustible gas in the mixing zone.

Specifically, in one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the guide is connected to the insulating cylinder by way of a thermal expansion coupling, and the insulating cylinder is connected to the guide by way of a thermal expansion coupling, thereby maintaining the position of the guide.

The guide tube 12 is also provided with lugs for binding the guide wires, wherein the lugs are configured into a plurality of groups and are uniformly arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the guide tube 12, so that the guide wires can be restrained and can keep a certain distance from the guide tube 12, and the influence of temperature on the guide wires can be reduced. In addition, through the arrangement, the situation that the electric leakage occurs due to the damage of the insulating outer tube of the wire can be avoided, and the safety and the reliability of the ignition device 3 in operation are further ensured.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the heat exchange device 6 includes a protective tube and a plurality of heat exchange tubes 61, the protective tube being connected to the base 11; the heat exchange tube 61 has a feed port 65 for introducing a refrigerant and a discharge port 66 for discharging the refrigerant, and the feed port 65 and the discharge port 66 are both disposed on the base 11 so as to be connected with an external device, thereby effectively introducing the refrigerant or discharging the refrigerant.

Each heat exchange tube 61 is coiled along the axis direction of the protective cylinder, and the heat exchange tubes 61 of adjacent layers are sequentially welded to form a multi-layer disc-shaped heat exchange main body, and based on the welded connection mode between the heat exchange tubes 61 of different layers, the connection strength between the heat exchange tubes 61 can be ensured, and the clearance between the tubes can be eliminated.

Every heat exchange main part all is formed with dodges the hole, and a plurality of heat exchange main part stacks gradually along vertical direction to weld into an integrated entity, and then guarantee the joint strength between the heat exchange main part. Thereby, the heat exchange body is enabled to form a heat exchange device 6 having a certain volume, increasing its heat exchange area.

The heat exchange device 6 further comprises a plurality of grabbing nails which are arranged on the fire facing surface of the heat exchange main body at intervals; and castable is arranged between each grabbing nail so that the solidified castable can form a refractory layer. In this way, the refractory layer can play a certain role in blocking, so that the influence of high temperature on the bottom heat exchange tube 61 is reduced, and certain roles in resisting acid and alkali corrosion and preventing material abrasion are played. In addition, a relatively smooth wall surface may be formed by the refractory layer, thereby reducing the effects on the fluid within the combustion chamber 7.

The heat exchange tubes 61 are arranged in plurality, so that the refrigerant can be introduced or discharged simultaneously or alternately, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

In the present disclosure, the refrigerant is configured as water. In other embodiments, the refrigerant may be configured as oil, cooling fluid or any other suitable fluid, and for this purpose, those skilled in the art may flexibly configure the refrigerant according to actual working conditions.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the guard cylinder includes an inner guard cylinder 62 and an outer guard cylinder 63 coaxially disposed; the outer casing 63 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner casing 62, a gap is formed between the outer wall of the inner casing 62 and the inner wall of the outer casing 63, and the gap is filled with a high temperature resistant material 64. In particular, during application, the inner protective sleeve 62 can play a certain limiting protection role on the heat exchange tube 61, and meanwhile, the heat exchange tube 61 can be welded to the inner wall of the inner protective sleeve 62, so that the connection strength between the inner protective sleeve and the heat exchange tube is ensured. The high temperature resistant material 64 filled in the gap can have a certain blocking effect, so that the influence on the outer casing 63 is reduced, and indirectly, the influence on the external environment is reduced.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the refractory material 64 is configured as a refractory fiber mat. Specifically, the fire-resistant fiber felt is prepared from fibers containing thermosetting organic binder as raw materials through the procedures of cotton collecting, pre-pressing, hot-pressing, curing and shaping, post-treatment (longitudinal and transverse shearing) and the like, and the thermosetting organic binder not only can keep the structure and shape of a product, but also can enable the product to have excellent strength, toughness and processability, and has light density, high tensile strength, excellent wind erosion resistance and high-temperature bonding strength. The refractory fiber felt can be cut or cut into various shapes according to the requirement, and is applicable to furnace lining corners and various complex furnace types due to the soft formability.

In one embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the lower edge of the base 11 extends with a flange, and the protective cylinder has a flared edge adapted to the flange, so that the flange can be overlapped with the flared edge, and then the flange and the flared edge are welded into a whole by metal welding, thereby ensuring the connection strength between the heat exchange device 6 and the base 11. And the connection mode based on fusion welding of the flange and the abduction edge is also beneficial to enabling the base 11 to be connected to the heat exchange device 6 relatively hermetically, so that an air gap can be eliminated, the influence on the external environment is reduced, and the stability of pressure is ensured.

In one embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the number of the heat exchange tubes 61 is configured to be 2n, where n is a natural number greater than 1. In this way, the refrigerant can be introduced or discharged simultaneously or alternately, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, since the number of the heat exchange tubes 61 is even, the circulation state of the refrigerant in the adjacent heat exchange tubes 61 can be adjusted during practical application, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

It should be noted that in the present disclosure, the heat exchange tubes 61 are each configured as a high-temperature-resistant metal steel tube so as to be able to accommodate the high-temperature and high-pressure environment within the combustion chamber 7.

In one possible design, the burner further comprises a flame monitor 8 and a cover glass 9; the protective glass 9 is connected to the top of the conduit 12 in a sealing manner, wherein the protective glass 9 is high-temperature-resistant transparent glass, and the flame monitor 8 is used for observing the current flame burning state through the protective glass 9.

By means of the design, the protective glass 9 has good heat insulation and sealing effects, and the influence of high temperature on the external environment, especially on the camera of the flame monitor 8, is avoided. Based on the characteristics of the protective glass 9, the protective glass has high strength and high light transmittance, so that when the protective glass is put into use, the protective glass 9 has a better protective effect and a better perspective effect, and an operator can clearly observe the ignition condition of flame through the flame monitor 8, thereby timely controlling the conduction state of various fluids and the working state of corresponding devices. In other words, the operator can intuitively observe whether the ignition is successful or not, so as to judge whether the condition for performing the operation of the next stage is present or not, and further ensure that the gasification reaction in the combustion chamber 7 can be effectively performed.

It should be noted that, the flame detector and the cover glass 9 are both in the prior art, and those skilled in the art can flexibly assemble them according to the working environment under the technical concept of the present disclosure, so that the details are not further described herein.

The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. The burner of the coal gasification equipment is characterized by comprising a base (11), a guide pipe (12), a jacket (13) and a positioning cylinder (14), wherein the guide pipe (12), the jacket (13) and the positioning cylinder (14) are coaxially sleeved in sequence from inside to outside, and the positioning cylinder (14) is connected with the base (11);

the guide pipe (12) is provided with a main oxygen channel (21) for introducing main oxygen, a combustion-supporting channel (22) for introducing ignition oxygen and a coal dust channel (23) for introducing coal dust; wherein the main oxygen channel (21) is provided with at least 2n oxygen outlet holes, and the oxygen outlet holes are arranged at the bottom of the guide pipe and are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the guide pipe (12); the combustion-supporting channels (22) are arranged in at least two and are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the guide pipe (12); the pulverized coal channels (23) are configured to be at least 2n and spirally surround the axial direction of the guide pipe (12) so that the pulverized coal can form rotational flow after being led out, wherein n is a natural number greater than 1;

The outlet of the combustion-supporting channel (22), the outlet of the main oxygen channel (21) and the outlet of the pulverized coal channel (23) are sequentially arranged along the direction from inside to outside relative to the axis of the guide pipe (12);

the burner also comprises an ignition device (3), and the tail end of the ignition device (3) extends to the bottom of the guide pipe (12);

the outlet of the combustion-supporting channel (22) is positioned outside the tail end of the ignition device (3) so as to form a combustion-supporting area;

the bottom of the jacket (13) protrudes from the bottom of the conduit (12) so as to be able to form a premixing zone;

the burner also comprises a heat exchange device (6) for cooling, wherein the heat exchange device (6) is of a cylindrical structure and is provided with an avoidance hole matched with the positioning cylinder (14); the positioning cylinder (14) is positioned in the avoidance hole, an intervention channel (24) for introducing inert gas is arranged on the positioning cylinder (14), the gas outlet of the intervention channel (24) is positioned below the guide pipe (12) so as to push the gas of the premixing zone to the position below the gas outlet of the intervention channel (24), and the area below the gas outlet of the intervention channel (24) is formed into a combustion zone;

The ignition device (3) comprises an insulating sealing high-voltage terminal (31), a wire, an insulating cylinder and a conductive piece (34), wherein the insulating sealing high-voltage terminal (31) is connected to the guide pipe (12), and the conductive piece (34) is connected to the guide pipe (12) through the insulating cylinder;

-said conductive element (34) having an inner bore coaxially arranged with said conduit (12); the lead is pulled along the axis direction of the catheter (12) and connected with the conductive piece (34), and an annular discharge groove is further formed in the bottom of the conductive piece (34);

the ignition device (3) further comprises a pushing channel (25) for introducing inert gas and a gas channel (26) for introducing fuel gas; the pushing channel (25) is arranged in the center of the guide pipe (12) and communicated with the conductive piece (34) so that inert gas can flow out of an inner hole of the conductive piece (34); the gas channel (26) is located outside the push channel (25) to enable fuel gas to flow out from the outer edge of the conductive member (34);

the conductive member (34) includes a base detachably connected to the guide pipe (12) and a plurality of curved teeth uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the base; each curved tooth is spirally arranged so that a guide groove can be formed between every two adjacent curved teeth, and the guide groove is used for limiting the flow direction of the fuel gas; the spiral direction of the curved teeth is the same as the spiral direction of the pulverized coal channel.

2. The burner of a coal gasification plant according to claim 1, wherein the coal dust channel (23) comprises a coal inlet pipe, a vertical section and a spiral section, the coal inlet pipe being arranged obliquely and communicating with the conduit (12); the vertical section is vertically arranged, one end of the vertical section is communicated with the coal inlet pipe, and the other end of the vertical section is communicated with the spiral section; the helical section is helically arranged about the axis of the catheter (12).

3. The burner of the coal gasification apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the inclination angle of the coal inlet pipe is γ,20 ° or more and γ or less than 70 °; the helix angle of the spiral section is beta, and beta is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.

4. The burner of a coal gasification plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen outlet holes are arranged obliquely to form an exit angle with an angle directed towards the axis of the conduit (12); the angle of the emergence angle is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 75 degrees.

5. The burner of a coal gasification plant according to claim 1, further comprising a first bracket ring (41) and a second bracket ring (42), the first bracket ring (41) being connected to the positioning cylinder (14) and protruding towards the heat exchange device (6); the second bracket ring (42) is connected to the positioning cylinder (14) and protrudes towards the guide pipe (12); the first bracket ring (41) and the second bracket ring (42) are arranged opposite to each other, and the distance between the first bracket ring and the second bracket ring is gradually increased and then gradually decreased along the flowing direction of the inert gas, so that the pressure of the inert gas during spraying can be increased.

6. The burner of the coal gasification equipment according to claim 1, further comprising an air inlet nozzle (51), wherein a sealing air channel (52) is arranged on the base (11), the air inlet nozzle (51) is communicated with the sealing air channel (52), a gap area is formed by the base (11), the positioning cylinder (14) and the heat exchange device together, and the sealing air channel (52) is communicated with the gap area.

7. The burner of a coal gasification plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat exchange device (6) comprises a protective tube and a plurality of heat exchange tubes (61), the protective tube being connected to the base (11);

the heat exchange tube (61) is provided with a feed inlet (65) for introducing a refrigerant and a discharge outlet (66) for discharging the refrigerant, and the feed inlet (65) and the discharge outlet (66) are both arranged on the base (11);

each heat exchange tube (61) is coiled along the axial direction of the protective cylinder, the heat exchange tubes (61) of adjacent layers are sequentially welded to form a plurality of layers of disc-shaped heat exchange main bodies, each heat exchange main body is provided with an avoidance hole, and a plurality of heat exchange main bodies are sequentially stacked along the vertical direction and welded into a whole;

The heat exchange device (6) further comprises a plurality of grabbing nails which are arranged on the fire facing surface of the heat exchange main body at intervals; and castable is arranged between each grabbing nail so that the solidified castable can form a refractory layer.

8. The burner of a coal gasification apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the guard cartridge comprises an inner guard cartridge (62) and an outer guard cartridge (63) coaxially disposed; the outer protective cylinder (63) is sleeved on the periphery of the inner protective cylinder (62), a gap is arranged between the outer wall of the inner protective cylinder (62) and the inner wall of the outer protective cylinder (63), and a high-temperature resistant material (64) is filled in the gap.

9. The burner of a coal gasification apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the number of heat exchange tubes (61) is configured to be 2n, where n is a natural number greater than 1.