CN114619021A - Method for casting integral equiaxial fine-grained blade disc by mechanical oscillation method - Google Patents
Method for casting integral equiaxial fine-grained blade disc by mechanical oscillation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114619021A CN114619021A CN202011456852.3A CN202011456852A CN114619021A CN 114619021 A CN114619021 A CN 114619021A CN 202011456852 A CN202011456852 A CN 202011456852A CN 114619021 A CN114619021 A CN 114619021A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CRHLEZORXKQUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;cobalt(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Co+2].[Co+2] CRHLEZORXKQUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/15—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using vacuum
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for casting an integral equiaxial fine-grained bladed disk by adopting a mechanical oscillation method, and belongs to the field of precision casting of high-temperature alloy integral bladed disks. The method is characterized in that a die shell rotates in the positive and negative directions under vacuum, the die shell can be braked and reversed rapidly, the solidified dendritic crystal tissue is broken by utilizing the rotation and rapid emergency braking force, nucleation is promoted in non-solidified molten steel, and the purpose of integral fine grains is achieved. The device can be used for producing fine-grained structural components of engine casings of aviation, aerospace, combustion engines and the like, integrated fine-grained cast turbines of disks and other fine-grained cast precision castings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting of high-temperature alloy blisks, in particular to a method for casting an isometric integral fine-grained blisk by adopting a mechanical oscillation method.
Background
The technology of casting high-temperature alloy integral precision casting is a great development of the aviation and aerospace casting industry, and is more and more widely applied, and the integral turbine rotor, the guider impeller and the nozzle ring can be formed by precision casting to a diffuser casing, a diffusion casing, a combustion chamber casing, a turbine shell, a fan frame and the like with complex structures. More and more integral precision castings are used for replacing forgings, forging and casting assemblies and machining assemblies, so that the using performance of parts can be improved, the weight of an engine is effectively reduced, the using performance and the reliability of the engine are improved, the production efficiency can be greatly improved, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and very obvious economic benefits are brought.
Since the eighties of the last century, the development and application of foreign high-temperature alloy integral precision casting technology are extremely rapid, the integral blade casting technology of nickel-based, cobalt-based and other high-temperature alloys is developed successively, but the plate body formed by natural solidification in vacuum has large crystal grains, so that the alloy has uneven performance, large fluctuation and easy casting looseness,
in order to refine high-temperature alloy grains, refining methods such as a thermal control method, a chemical method, a dynamic method (a mechanical method) and the like are developed in foreign countries. The thermal control method is characterized in that the refining temperature and time are reduced, carbide is reserved, meanwhile, the pouring temperature is reduced, cooling is accelerated, and grain growth is limited; the chemical method is that solid nucleating agent is added into the melt to form a large amount of heterogeneous crystal nucleus; the kinetic law is that melt is stirred by rotary casting and mechanical vibration to refine grains. However, the above processes have certain limitations and disadvantages in application, such as the disadvantage of thermal control method that it is not easy to remove bubbles and inclusions, resulting in lower purity of cast parts and difficulty in casting large parts, and its application is limited by the extremely low superheat temperature and strict temperature control. In mechanical applications, it is difficult to move the melt uniformly and constrained by the shape of the part using mechanical forces. The chemical method has the defects that the chemical composition is difficult to control, and the nucleating agent is easy to form oxides to cause a fatigue source. Generally speaking, the fine grains obtained by the method have poor effect on improving the alloy performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the integrally cast fine-grained blade cannot be prepared by a dynamics method in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for casting an integrally equiaxial fine-grained blade disc by a mechanical oscillation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for casting integral equiaxed fine-grained blade disc by mechanical oscillation method includes such steps as mechanically rotating and oscillating fine-grained casting furnace, and fine-grained casting, and features that in the casting process, the solidified dendritic crystal tissue is broken by the forward and backward rotation of mould shell and emergency braking, so promoting nucleation in the non-solidified molten steel.
The mechanical rotary oscillation fine grain casting furnace comprises a rotatable water-cooling chassis, a shell is fixed above the rotatable water-cooling chassis, and the shell is driven to act through the rotation and braking of the water-cooling chassis.
The lower surface of the base of the shell is provided with a cavity bulge, the cavity bulge is matched with the groove in the water-cooling chassis, and the base of the shell is fixed on the water-cooling chassis through a bolt.
The preparation method of the shell comprises the following steps: preparing a first surface layer and later reinforcing layers on the wax mould, wherein the shell surface layer is made of 200-mesh Al2O3Powder and cobalt aluminate refiner as follows 85: 15 in a weight ratio; the reinforcing layer is 80 meshes of Al2O3And (3) sanding, dipping the sand into the slurry by adopting silica sol between every two layers of sand, coating the sand into eleven layers of sand, dipping the sand into the slurry by adopting the silica sol, drying and dewaxing, and obtaining the shell for later use.
The fine crystal casting process comprises the following steps:
(1) fixing the shell on a rotary water-cooling chassis, closing a furnace door, descending a holding furnace to completely cover the shell, vacuumizing the furnace to below 3Pa, heating the holding furnace to 1240 ℃, and holding the shell for 2 hours;
(2) the smelting furnace is powered on to start smelting, and when the molten steel is completely molten and clear, the molten steel is refined for 5 minutes when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1600 ℃;
(3) after refining, cutting off power and reducing temperature until the molten steel is solidified and forms a film, feeding power again to melt the molten steel, and pouring when the temperature of the molten steel is raised to 1480 and 1510 ℃;
(4) after molten steel is poured and stands still in the shell for 3-15 seconds, the water-cooling chassis starts to act, after rotating in one direction for 30-180 seconds, the water-cooling chassis is quickly braked for 1-5 seconds, then rotates in the opposite direction and vibrates for 30-180 seconds, then emergently brakes again, rotates in the opposite direction again, and the process is repeated in a circulating manner.
In the step (4), the unidirectional rotation speed is 100-.
The average grain size of the disk body of the integral fine-grain cast blade disk prepared by the method is less than 2mm, and the grains are uniform.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the integral fine grain casting blade disc process, the fine isometric crystal integral casting blade disc with the average grain size less than 2mm can be prepared, and the inclined columnar crystal structure formed by gravity casting of the blade under vacuum is eliminated.
2. Through anatomical sampling of the integrally cast blade disc prepared by the fine crystal casting process, the medium temperature performance of the alloy and the anatomical sampling structure performance of the blade disc cast by the original gravity are greatly improved, and the dispersity is reduced.
3. The invention adopts a mechanical oscillation fine grain casting furnace and combines a special casting process to obtain an ideal integral fine grain casting blade disc, the fine grain structure of the blade disc is particularly obvious for improving the service performance of a high-temperature alloy casting at a medium and low temperature (less than or equal to 760 ℃), on one hand, the low-cycle fatigue life of the casting is improved by more than one time, and the uniformity of the alloy structure and the components can be effectively improved, the dispersion degree of the mechanical property data of the casting is reduced, thereby improving the design tolerance and the service reliability of the casting (the data is shown in table 1).
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a view of the shell used in the mechanically oscillated fine grain casting furnace of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the fixed connection of the shell to a rotatable water-cooled disc in the mechanically oscillating fine-grained casting furnace.
FIG. 3 is a cast blisk prepared in accordance with example 1.
FIG. 4 is a cast blisk prepared in accordance with example 2.
FIG. 5 is a cast blisk prepared in accordance with example 3.
FIG. 6 is a cast blisk prepared in accordance with example 4.
FIG. 7 is a cast blisk prepared in accordance with example 5.
FIG. 8 is a cast blisk made in accordance with example 6.
FIG. 9 is a cast blisk prepared in accordance with example 7.
FIG. 10 is a cast blisk made in accordance with example 8.
FIG. 11 is a cast blisk made in accordance with example 9.
FIG. 12 is a disk anatomy of a gravity cast blisk under vacuum.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The device for preparing the casting isometric fine grain blade disc is a mechanical rotation oscillation fine grain casting furnace (patent of the casting furnace structural parameter application number 201110004318.3), and comprises a rotatable water-cooling turntable, wherein a shell can be fixed on a rotating device, as shown in fig. 1-2, a bulge with a cavity is arranged on the lower bottom surface of a base of the shell and used for fixing the shell on a rotatable water-cooling chassis. The upper part of the water-cooling chassis is provided with a groove, and the bulge with the cavity is matched with the shape and the size of the groove and is detachably connected with the groove through a bolt.
The preparation method of the shell comprises the following steps: coating a coating on the wax pattern, wherein the first surface layer is made of 200-mesh Al2O3Powder and cobalt aluminate refiner as follows 85: 15 in a weight ratio; the second to the eleventh layers are reinforcing layers made of 80-mesh Al2O3And (3) sanding, dipping the sand into slurry by adopting silica sol between every two layers of sand, coating the slurry on the sand until the sand reaches eleven layers, dipping the slurry again, drying and dewaxing to obtain the shell for later use.
The fine crystal casting process comprises the following steps:
fixing a shell on a rotary water-cooling chassis, closing a furnace door, descending a holding furnace to the bottom end of the shell, completely covering the shell, vacuumizing the furnace to be within 3Pa, starting a holding furnace heating device to heat the holding furnace, heating the holding furnace to 1240 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, keeping the temperature of the holding furnace for 2 hours, powering on a smelting furnace to start smelting, when molten steel is completely cleared and reaches 1600 ℃, refining for 5 minutes, ending the refining, powering off to reduce the temperature until the molten steel is solidified and begins to form a film, powering on again to melt the molten steel, pouring when the molten steel is raised to 1480 and 1510 ℃, standing for 3-15 seconds after pouring, controlling the action of the rotary water-cooling chassis, rapidly braking after rotating for 30-180 seconds in a single direction, braking for 1-5 seconds, then rotating in the opposite direction to oscillate for 30-180 seconds, then emergently braking again, and rotating in the opposite direction again, the above steps are repeated in a circulating way, the total oscillation time is 6-15 minutes, and the unidirectional rotation speed is 100-200 rpm.
Examples 1 to 9:
the alloy compositions, process parameters and cast monolithic equiaxed fine-grained disks prepared for examples 1-9 are shown in table 1. The tensile properties of the blisks prepared in accordance with the present invention compared to the existing gravity cast blisk disk sampling are shown in table 2.
Cast blisks prepared according to examples 1-9 are shown in fig. 3-11, and the anatomical grain structure of the blisks of the vacuum gravity cast monolithic cast blisks is shown in fig. 12.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2 comparison of tensile Properties of blisk sampling
Claims (7)
1. A method for casting an integral equiaxial fine-grained blade disc by adopting a mechanical oscillation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is characterized in that a mechanical rotary oscillation fine grain casting furnace and a fine grain casting process are adopted to prepare the integral equiaxed fine grain blade disc, during the casting process, the solidified dendritic crystal structure is broken through forward and reverse rotation of a mould shell and emergency braking under the vacuum condition, nucleation is promoted in non-solidified molten steel, and the aim of integral fine grain is fulfilled, so that the integral equiaxed fine grain blade disc is prepared.
2. The method of casting a solid equiaxed fine-grained disk by mechanical oscillation according to claim 1 wherein: the mechanical rotary oscillation fine grain casting furnace comprises a rotatable water-cooling chassis, a shell is fixed on the rotatable water-cooling chassis, and the shell is driven to act through rotation and braking of the water-cooling chassis.
3. The method of casting a solid equiaxed fine-grained disk by mechanical oscillation according to claim 2 wherein: the lower surface of the base of the shell is provided with a cavity bulge, the cavity bulge is matched with the groove in the water-cooling chassis, and the base of the shell is fixed on the water-cooling chassis through a bolt.
4. The method of casting a solid equiaxed fine-grained disk by mechanical oscillation according to claim 2 wherein: the preparation method of the shell comprises the following steps: preparing a first surface layer and later reinforcing layers on the wax mould, wherein the shell surface layer is made of 200-mesh Al2O3Powder and cobalt aluminate refiner as follows 85: 15 in a weight ratio; the reinforcing layer is 80 meshes of Al2O3And (3) sanding, dipping the sand into the slurry by adopting silica sol between every two layers of sand, coating the sand into eleven layers of sand, dipping the sand into the slurry by adopting the silica sol, drying and dewaxing, and obtaining the shell for later use.
5. The method of casting a solid equiaxed fine-grained disk by mechanical oscillation according to claim 2 wherein: the fine crystal casting process comprises the following steps:
(1) fixing the shell on a rotary water-cooling chassis, closing a furnace door, descending a holding furnace to completely cover the shell, vacuumizing the furnace to below 3Pa, heating the holding furnace to 1240 ℃, and holding the shell for 2 hours;
(2) the smelting furnace is powered on to start smelting, and when the molten steel is completely molten and clear, the molten steel is refined for 5 minutes when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1600 ℃;
(3) after refining, cutting off power and reducing temperature until the molten steel is solidified and forms a film, feeding power again to melt the molten steel, and pouring when the temperature of the molten steel is raised to 1480 and 1510 ℃;
(4) after molten steel is poured and stands still in the shell for 3-15 seconds, the water-cooling chassis starts to act, after rotating in one direction for 30-180 seconds, the water-cooling chassis is quickly braked for 1-5 seconds, then rotates in the opposite direction and vibrates for 30-180 seconds, then emergently brakes again, rotates in the opposite direction again, and the process is repeated in a circulating manner.
6. The method of casting integral equiaxed fine-grained disk by mechanical oscillation according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step (4), the unidirectional rotation speed is 100-.
7. The method of casting integral equiaxed fine-grained disk by mechanical oscillation according to claim 5, characterized in that: the average grain size of the disk body of the integral fine-grain cast blade disk prepared by the method is less than 2mm, and the grains are uniform.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011456852.3A CN114619021B (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Method for casting integral equiaxial fine-grain leaf disc by mechanical oscillation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011456852.3A CN114619021B (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Method for casting integral equiaxial fine-grain leaf disc by mechanical oscillation method |
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| CN114619021A true CN114619021A (en) | 2022-06-14 |
| CN114619021B CN114619021B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101823141A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-08 | 沈阳工业大学 | Grain-refined high-temperature alloy casting technology |
| CN109719278A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-07 | 沈阳真空技术研究所有限公司 | Agitating type vacuum fine grain foundry furnace and its application method |
| CN209681125U (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-11-26 | 沈阳真空技术研究所有限公司 | Agitating type vacuum fine grain foundry furnace |
| CN111318646A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-23 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for controlling grain size of isometric crystal high-temperature alloy turbine blade |
| CN111438331A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for controlling grain size of turbine blade |
-
2020
- 2020-12-11 CN CN202011456852.3A patent/CN114619021B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101823141A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-08 | 沈阳工业大学 | Grain-refined high-temperature alloy casting technology |
| CN109719278A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-07 | 沈阳真空技术研究所有限公司 | Agitating type vacuum fine grain foundry furnace and its application method |
| CN209681125U (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-11-26 | 沈阳真空技术研究所有限公司 | Agitating type vacuum fine grain foundry furnace |
| CN111318646A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-23 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for controlling grain size of isometric crystal high-temperature alloy turbine blade |
| CN111438331A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for controlling grain size of turbine blade |
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