CN114614923B - Spectrum usage order strengthening method and system based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a spectrum usage order strengthening method and system based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection, and belongs to the technical field of cognitive wireless network spectrum management. In the spectrum resource application stage, each frequency-using device sends a spectrum use application to the spectrum sharing management center according to its own spectrum use requirements; in the spectrum allocation stage, spectrum resources are allocated for the spectrum equipment, and the corresponding transmission power limit is given; in the spectrum In the monitoring phase, the spectrum monitoring aggregation node issues monitoring tasks to multiple spectrum sensing nodes, and the spectrum sensing node reports the sensing data of the target spectrum to the aggregation node; The judgment result is reported to the spectrum sharing management center, and the spectrum use reputation value of the frequency-using equipment is updated according to the final judgment result and the spectrum duty cycle. In the present invention, by closely linking spectrum monitoring and spectrum allocation, the order of spectrum use is strengthened, and efficient utilization of spectrum is ensured.

Description

Spectrum usage order strengthening method and system based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cognitive wireless network spectrum management, and in particular relates to a method and system for strengthening spectrum usage order based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection.

Background technique

Faced with the increasingly prominent shortage of spectrum resources, cognitive wireless networks introduce dynamic spectrum sharing, allowing various users to access channels under the premise of controllable interference, removing the spectrum barriers of heterogeneous networks, greatly Improved spectrum utilization. However, in an open communication environment, the premise of controlled interference is easily affected by short-term interests or malicious attacks, resulting in a lack of guarantee for spectrum communication quality and a sharp decline in the communication efficiency of the entire network.

Therefore, the management of spectrum usage order is particularly important. It is necessary to regulate the use of spectrum, strengthen power control, and control the mutual interference in the network within a reasonable range, thereby improving the revenue of the entire network. On the other hand, it is also necessary to avoid the waste of spectrum resources caused by too strict power control. A safe spectrum management method is to build a centralized spectrum management center, formulate a centralized spectrum allocation strategy based on spectrum requirements, the location and environment of communication equipment, and clarify spectrum usage requirements such as transmit power. However, in order to truly realize effective spectrum management, it is necessary to know the actual spectrum usage in order to discover behaviors that violate spectrum usage requirements in the network, punish illegal frequency-using devices, and regulate the order of spectrum usage.

In the existing technology, there is little work that combines spectrum management with abnormal frequency behavior detection. Therefore, spectrum management strategies cannot be supported by effective information, and it is difficult to strengthen spectrum order in a targeted manner.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: Aiming at the out-of-order problem of spectrum use in the spectrum sharing network, the existing technology has problems of inefficient use of spectrum and excessive interference. The present invention provides a method and system for strengthening the order of spectrum use based on detection of abnormal Frequency behavior detection and spectrum allocation are closely linked to form a closed loop of information between spectrum allocation, spectrum usage specifications, and actual spectrum usage, thereby providing favorable information support for strengthening the order of spectrum usage.

Technical solution: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a spectrum utilization order strengthening method based on abnormal spectrum usage behavior detection, which is characterized in that each spectrum sharing cycle includes spectrum resource application phase, spectrum allocation phase, spectrum monitoring phase and spectrum usage phase. Evaluation phase, in which:

In the spectrum resource application stage, each frequency-using device sends a spectrum use application to the spectrum sharing management center according to its own spectrum use requirements;

In the spectrum allocation stage, the spectrum sharing management center allocates spectrum resources for spectrum equipment according to the received spectrum use application and the user's historical spectrum use reputation, and gives the corresponding transmission power limit according to the space-time interference constraints;

In the spectrum monitoring phase, the spectrum monitoring aggregation node issues monitoring tasks to multiple spectrum sensing nodes, and the spectrum sensing node reports the sensing data of the target spectrum to the aggregation node. The sensing data is determined by the sensing node according to the local detection model and detection method Abnormal local frequency usage behavior;

In the spectrum usage evaluation stage, the aggregation node makes a final judgment on the abnormal frequency usage behavior based on the sensing data of K sensing nodes, and reports the final judgment result to the spectrum sharing management center, and updates the frequency-using equipment according to the final judgment result and the spectrum duty ratio The spectrum usage reputation value of .

Further, the spectrum resource application includes spectrum bandwidth and usage time; the number of spectrum resources applied for by a single frequency-using device is indicated by the product of spectrum bandwidth and usage time, which shall not exceed the maximum resource application quota.

Further, in the spectrum allocation phase, use the reputation value to maintain the corresponding frequency spectrum for each frequency-using device, and the reputation value is less than or equal to 1.

Further, the method for allocating spectrum resources for spectrum equipment is as follows:

Spectrum resource allocation is carried out in the order of the reputation value. When resources are insufficient, they are allocated to devices with high reputation values first;

When the reputation value of the frequency-using equipment is greater than or equal to the first threshold, fully allocate spectrum resources;

When the reputation value is less than the first threshold and greater than or equal to the second threshold, allocate spectrum resources in proportion to the size of the reputation value and in units of reference spectrum resources; where the reference spectrum resource is the minimum number of resources in the spectrum application;

When the reputation value is lower than the second threshold, spectrum resources are not allocated.

Further, according to the space-time interference constraint, the method of giving the corresponding transmission power limitation is: judging whether the transmission power of the frequency-using device exceeds the interference constraint according to the following power control strategy:

Among them, P _j represents the transmit power of the frequency-using equipment, I _th represents the interference constraint factor, D _j is the location of the frequency-using equipment, and α is the path fading factor.

Further, the local detection model is:

in, and /> Indicates that the channel is idle, the frequency-using equipment is working normally, and the frequency-using equipment is abnormally working, σ ² is the variance of the collected perception samples, /> P _t is the transmit power of the user, h is the channel fading experienced by the signal from the frequency equipment to the sensing node, /> is the noise power.

Further, the local detection method is: setting the decision domain optimization goal of a single node as:

in, for the actual state is /> The time node is judged as /> The probability of ; α ₀ and α ₁ are constants, which represent the constraint parameters of false alarm probability in local detection;

In this way, the judgment domain of the sensing node on the abnormal usage frequency is obtained:

in, y _n is a single sampling value, N is the number of samples, and the parameter λ _i is determined by the false alarm probability constraint in the optimization target; if no abnormal state is detected, then /> The local judgment results d=0, 1, 2 correspond to the spectrum status respectively and />

Furthermore, in the spectrum usage evaluation stage, the aggregation node makes a final decision on the abnormal frequency usage behavior based on the sensing data of K sensing nodes: After the aggregation node collects the sensing data of K sensing nodes, the following judgment criteria are adopted:

Among them, n ₂ and n ₀ respectively represent the number of K sensing nodes reporting abnormal behavior and channel idleness, and L ₁ and L ₀ are two decision thresholds smaller than K.

Further, the method for updating the spectrum usage credit value of the frequency equipment according to the final decision result and the spectrum duty cycle is:

Update the reputation value of the frequency-using device once in each spectrum sharing period. The method of updating the reputation value of the frequency-using device is as follows:

in, Indicates the reputation value of the frequency-using device at the end of the last spectrum sharing period, N _a is the total number of allocated time slots, N ₀ and N ₂ respectively indicate the number of time slots in which the channel is detected to be idle in the allocated time slots and the number of time slots in which the user is detected Number of slots with abnormal frequency usage behavior, /> Represents the spectrum duty ratio, θ<1, used to evaluate the duty ratio, c ₁ represents the punishment for frequency usage behavior with too low duty ratio, and c ₂ represents the punishment for abnormal frequency usage behavior.

In the second aspect, the present invention provides a system for strengthening spectrum use order based on abnormal frequency use behavior detection, and the spectrum use order strengthening method based on abnormal frequency use behavior detection provided by the present invention strengthens spectrum use order.

Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The actual spectrum usage is incorporated into the relevant factors of the spectrum allocation strategy, and the frequency-using equipment is prompted to comply with the spectrum usage specification from the perspective of global optimization, and then Promote the improvement of the spectrum efficiency of the entire network; (2) In the update of the reputation value of frequency-using equipment, two behaviors that damage spectrum revenue are considered comprehensively: arbitrary frequency usage behavior that violates the transmission power regulations, and falsely high spectrum applications. (3) The information closed loop formed between abnormal frequency detection and spectrum allocation improves the efficiency and effect of spectrum management.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for strengthening spectrum usage order based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing. Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for strengthening spectrum usage order based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, in this method, each spectrum sharing cycle includes a spectrum resource application stage, a spectrum Allocation phase, spectrum monitoring phase and spectrum usage assessment phase.

In the spectrum resource application stage, each frequency-using device sends a spectrum use application to the spectrum sharing management center according to its own spectrum use requirements. In this stage, the spectrum resource application includes two parameters: spectrum bandwidth and usage time. The number of spectrum resources applied for by a single frequency-using device is indicated by the product of spectrum bandwidth and usage time, which shall not exceed the maximum resource application quota.

In the spectrum allocation phase, the spectrum sharing management center allocates spectrum resources for frequency-using devices based on received spectrum use applications and users’ historical spectrum use reputations, and gives corresponding limits on transmit power and the like based on space-time interference constraints. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, at this stage, use the reputation value to maintain the corresponding frequency spectrum for each frequency-using device, where the reputation value is a value less than or equal to 1. Use the following allocation strategy to allocate spectrum resources for frequency equipment:

First, allocate spectrum resources in the order of reputation value. When the resources are insufficient, they will be allocated to devices with high reputation values first; secondly, when the reputation value of the frequency-using device is greater than or equal to the first threshold Fully allocate spectrum resources; when the reputation value is less than the first threshold /> greater than or equal to the second threshold /> , allocate spectrum resources in proportion to the reputation value and in units of reference spectrum resources; when the reputation value is lower than the second threshold /> When , no spectrum resources are allocated. Wherein, the reference spectrum resource is the minimum number of resources in the spectrum application.

In the spectrum allocation stage, according to the space-time interference constraints, the method to limit the corresponding transmission power is as follows: judge whether the transmission power of the frequency-using equipment exceeds the interference constraints according to the following power control strategy:

Among them, P _j represents the transmit power of the frequency-using equipment, I _th represents the interference constraint factor, D _j is the location of the frequency-using equipment, and α is the path fading factor.

In the spectrum monitoring phase, the spectrum monitoring aggregation node issues monitoring tasks to multiple spectrum sensing nodes, and the spectrum sensing node reports the sensing data of the target spectrum to the aggregation node. The sensing data is determined by the sensing node according to the local detection model and detection method Local abnormal usage frequency behavior.

In this stage, the sensing node can receive and automatically perform the monitoring task of the spectrum monitoring sink node; in a single time slot, a single node can determine the local judgment result according to the local detection model and detection method, and report it to the sink node.

In the embodiment of the present invention, in the spectrum monitoring stage, the local detection model adopted by a single node is as follows:

in, and /> Indicates that the channel is idle, the frequency-using equipment is working normally, and the frequency-using equipment is abnormally working, σ ² is the variance of the collected perception samples, /> P _t is the transmit power of the user, h is the channel fading experienced by the signal from the frequency equipment to the sensing node, /> is the noise power.

In the spectrum monitoring stage, the detection method is based on setting the decision domain optimization goal of a single node as follows:

in, for the actual state is /> The time node is judged as /> The probability of ; α ₀ and α ₁ are constants, which represent the constraint parameters of false alarm probability in local detection;

In this way, the judgment domain of the sensing node on the abnormal usage frequency is obtained:

in, y _n is a single sampling value, N is the number of samples, and the parameter λ _i is determined by the false alarm probability constraint in the optimization target; if no abnormal state is detected, then /> The local judgment results d=0, 1, 2 correspond to the spectrum status respectively and />

In the spectrum usage evaluation stage, the aggregation node makes a final judgment on the abnormal frequency usage behavior based on the sensing data of K sensing nodes, and reports the final judgment result to the spectrum sharing management center, and updates the frequency-using equipment according to the final judgment result and the spectrum duty ratio The spectrum usage reputation value of .

In the embodiment of the present invention, in this stage, after the aggregation node collects the data of K sensing nodes, it judges the final result according to the following judgment criteria.

Among them, n ₂ and n ₀ respectively represent the number of K sensing nodes reporting abnormal behavior and channel idleness, and L ₁ and L ₀ are two decision thresholds smaller than K.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the decision threshold _L1 of the abnormal frequency usage behavior can be optimized, and the following optimization objective can be considered, that is, to maximize the abnormal detection probability under the constraints of the global false alarm probability:

Among them, β ₀ and β ₁ are global false alarm probability constraints, 0<β ₀ ≤α ₀ , 0<β ₁ ≤α ₁ .

After the converging node makes the final judgment, it uploads the final judgment result to the spectrum management center, and in the spectrum management center, the reputation value of the frequency-using equipment is updated according to the final judgment result and the spectrum duty ratio.

Specifically, the reputation value update of a frequency-using device is performed once in each spectrum sharing cycle, and the reputation value update method of a certain frequency-using device is as follows:

in, Indicates the reputation value of the frequency-using device at the end of the last spectrum sharing period, N _a is the total number of allocated time slots, N ₀ and N ₂ respectively indicate the number of time slots in which the channel is detected to be idle in the allocated time slots and the number of time slots in which the user is detected Number of slots with abnormal frequency usage behavior, /> Represents the spectrum duty ratio, θ<1, used to evaluate the duty ratio, c ₁ represents the punishment for frequency usage behavior with too low duty ratio, and c ₂ represents the punishment for abnormal frequency usage behavior. In the evaluation stage, the duty cycle is also evaluated. The duty cycle refers to the ratio of the frequency band time used by each frequency device to the total time used by all frequency devices. In the above formula, it is reflected in /> And θ evaluates how high or low the duty cycle is.

On the other hand, the present invention provides a spectrum usage order strengthening system based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection. In the system, the spectrum usage order strengthening method based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection proposed by the present invention is used to strengthen the spectrum usage order .

In the present invention, the detection of abnormal frequency usage behavior is closely connected with spectrum allocation to form an information closed loop between spectrum allocation, spectrum usage norms and actual spectrum usage, thereby providing favorable information support for strengthening the order of spectrum usage.

The foregoing embodiments are only preferred implementations of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and equivalent replacements can be made, which are important to the rights of the present invention. Technical solutions requiring improvement and equivalent replacement all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for strengthening spectrum usage order based on detection of abnormal frequency usage behavior, characterized in that each spectrum sharing cycle includes a spectrum resource application phase, a spectrum allocation phase, a spectrum monitoring phase, and a spectrum usage evaluation phase, wherein: In the spectrum resource application stage, each frequency-using device sends a spectrum use application to the spectrum sharing management center according to its own spectrum use requirements; In the spectrum allocation stage, the spectrum sharing management center allocates spectrum resources for spectrum equipment according to the received spectrum use application and the user's historical spectrum use reputation, and gives the corresponding transmission power limit according to the space-time interference constraints; In the spectrum monitoring phase, the spectrum monitoring aggregation node issues monitoring tasks to multiple spectrum sensing nodes, and the spectrum sensing node reports the sensing data of the target spectrum to the aggregation node. The sensing data is determined by the sensing node according to the local detection model and detection method Abnormal local frequency usage behavior; In the spectrum usage evaluation stage, the aggregation node makes a final judgment on the abnormal frequency usage behavior based on the sensing data of each sensing node, and reports the final judgment result to the spectrum sharing management center, and updates the frequency usage equipment according to the final judgment result and the spectrum duty cycle. Spectrum use reputation value; Specifically: the aggregation node makes a final decision on the abnormal frequency usage behavior based on the sensing data of K sensing nodes: After the sink node collects the sensing data of K sensing nodes, the following judgment criteria are adopted: in, and /> Indicates that the channel is idle, the frequency equipment is working normally, and the frequency equipment is abnormally operating, n ₂ and n ₀ respectively indicate the number of abnormal behaviors and channel idleness reported by all sensing nodes, the total number of sensing nodes is K, L ₁ and L ₀ are Two decision thresholds smaller than K; The method of updating the spectrum usage credit value of the frequency equipment according to the final judgment result and the spectrum duty cycle is as follows: Update the reputation value of the frequency-using device once in each spectrum sharing period. The method of updating the reputation value of the frequency-using device is as follows: in, Indicates the reputation value of the frequency-using device at the end of the last spectrum sharing period, N _a is the total number of allocated time slots, N ₀ and N ₂ respectively indicate the number of time slots in which the channel is detected to be idle in the allocated time slots and the number of time slots in which the user is detected Number of slots with abnormal frequency usage behavior, /> Represents the spectrum duty ratio, θ<1, used to evaluate the duty ratio, c ₁ represents the punishment for frequency usage behavior with too low duty ratio, and c ₂ represents the punishment for abnormal frequency usage behavior. 2. The method for strengthening the order of spectrum use according to claim 1, wherein the spectrum use application includes spectrum bandwidth and usage time; the number of spectrum resources applied by a single frequency-using device is determined by the product of spectrum bandwidth and usage time Indicates that the number of spectrum resources applied for by a single frequency-using device shall not exceed the maximum resource application quota. 3. The method for strengthening the spectrum use order according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in the spectrum allocation stage, the use reputation value is used to maintain the corresponding spectrum for each frequency-using device, and the reputation value is less than or equal to 1. 4. The method for strengthening the spectrum use order according to claim 3, wherein the method for allocating spectrum resources for spectrum equipment is: Spectrum resource allocation is carried out in the order of the reputation value. When resources are insufficient, they are allocated to devices with high reputation values first; When the reputation value of the frequency-using equipment is greater than or equal to the first threshold, fully allocate spectrum resources; When the reputation value is less than the first threshold and greater than or equal to the second threshold, allocate spectrum resources in proportion to the size of the reputation value and in units of reference spectrum resources; where the reference spectrum resource is the minimum number of resources in the spectrum application; When the reputation value is lower than the second threshold, spectrum resources are not allocated. 5. The method for strengthening the spectrum use order according to claim 4, characterized in that, the method of limiting the corresponding transmission power according to the space-time interference constraints is: judging the transmission of the frequency-using equipment according to the following power control strategy Does the power exceed the interference constraint: Among them, P _j represents the transmit power of the frequency-using equipment, I _th represents the interference constraint factor, D _j is the location of the frequency-using equipment, and α is the path fading factor. 6. The method for strengthening the spectrum use order according to claim 5, wherein the local detection model is: in, and /> Indicates that the channel is idle, the frequency-using equipment is working normally, and the frequency-using equipment is abnormally working, σ ² is the variance of the collected perception samples, /> P _t is the transmit power of the user, h is the channel fading experienced by the signal from the frequency equipment to the sensing node, /> is the noise power. 7. The method for strengthening the spectrum use order according to claim 6, wherein the local detection method is: setting the decision domain optimization target of a single node as: in, for the actual state is /> The time node is judged as /> The probability of ; α ₀ and α ₁ are constants, which represent the constraint parameters of false alarm probability in local detection; In this way, the judgment domain of the sensing node on the abnormal usage frequency is obtained: in, y _n is a single sampling value, N is the number of samples, and the parameter λ _i is determined by the false alarm probability constraint in the optimization target; if no abnormal state is detected, then /> The local judgment results d=0, 1, 2 respectively correspond to the spectrum status /> and 8. A spectrum usage order strengthening system based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection, characterized in that the system adopts a spectrum usage order strengthening method based on abnormal frequency usage behavior detection according to any one of claims 1-7 Strengthen the order of spectrum use.