CN114614585A - Linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator - Google Patents
Linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 30
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- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
- H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
- H02K3/522—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator, and relates to a motor technology suitable for low-speed wave power generation. A linear-rotary mixed excitation low-speed generator sequentially comprises a stator, a rotor and a rotor from outside to inside, and the stator, the rotor and the rotor are separated by air gaps. The stator comprises a stator outer iron core formed by laminating silicon steel sheets with tooth grooves, a stator inner iron core formed by laminating U-shaped silicon steel sheets, permanent magnets arranged between adjacent stator inner iron cores and magnetized in a tangential and alternate mode, armature windings wound on stator teeth formed by the permanent magnets and the stator inner iron cores and excitation windings wound on the stator outer iron core teeth. The rotor comprises a plurality of rotor cores and rotor permanent magnets which are attached to the inner surface of each rotor core and are magnetized in the radial direction; the rotor is a cylindrical iron core with a tooth space structure along the motion direction. The motor combines two modes of permanent magnet excitation and electric excitation, and the problem that the air gap field is difficult to adjust in a permanent magnet excitation structure is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of generators, in particular to a linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator.
Background
The traditional direct-drive type sea wave power generation system generally adopts a traditional cylindrical linear motor, the traditional cylindrical linear motor is simply divided into a stator part and a rotor part, and the rotor part performs linear reciprocating motion along with sea waves to convert kinetic energy into electric energy in a stator armature winding, so that power is transmitted outwards. However, the low-speed movement of the sea waves causes the low frequency of the alternating current output by the generator, which is not beneficial to rectification. In addition, the cylindrical motor excited only by the permanent magnet also faces the problems that the air gap magnetic field is difficult to adjust, and even the permanent magnet is demagnetized under severe and extreme environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator so as to solve the problems of difficulty in adjusting an air gap magnetic field and low output power in the related art.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator including:
the stator comprises an outer stator core, an inner stator core, permanent stator magnets, an armature stator winding and a direct-current excitation winding, wherein the outer stator core is formed by laminating annular silicon steel sheets with tooth slots, the plurality of inner stator cores are uniformly distributed along the circumference, each inner stator core is formed by laminating a plurality of U-shaped silicon steel sheets, the bottom of each inner stator core is provided with a groove connected with teeth of the outer stator core, the outer stator core is embedded into the originally independent inner stator core along the axial direction, the separated inner stator cores and the outer stator cores are connected into a whole, the stator permanent magnets magnetized in the tangential direction are placed between the two adjacent inner stator cores, the magnetizing directions of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, the armature stator winding adopts a concentrated winding and is wound on stator teeth formed by the teeth of the inner stator cores on the two sides of the permanent magnets, the direct-current excitation winding is wound on the teeth of the outer iron core of the stator;
the rotor comprises a plurality of rotor cores which are uniformly distributed along the circumference, the inner surface of each rotor core is uniformly pasted with rotor permanent magnets which are magnetized in the radial direction along the axial direction, and the magnetizing directions of adjacent permanent magnets are opposite;
the rotor is a cylindrical iron core made of a whole soft magnetic material, and tooth grooves are uniformly formed in the outer side of the rotor along the axial direction to form uniformly distributed teeth;
the stator, the rotor and the rotor are sequentially arranged from outside to inside.
Furthermore, the teeth of the stator outer iron core are meshed with the connecting grooves of the stator inner iron core, so that the originally separated stator inner iron cores are connected into a whole.
Further, the stator inner core has ns(ns6k, k ≧ 2), form nsA tooth, each of the teeth having a same length in a circumferential direction.
Further, nsThe stator permanent magnets alternately magnetized in the tangential direction penetrate through the two adjacent stator inner iron cores, the tangential thickness of the stator permanent magnets is the same as the length of the teeth of the stator inner iron cores, and the stator permanent magnets and the teeth of the two adjacent stator inner iron cores form a stator tooth.
Furthermore, the stator armature winding adopts a concentrated winding and is wound on nsEach stator tooth; for a three-phase machine, the stator armature winding is wound for each phase by nsEach phase of the stator coils is in star-shaped symmetrical distribution with the center of the motor as the origin, and the number of pole pairs is naA symmetrical winding of (a).
Furthermore, the direct current excitation winding adopts a concentrated winding and is wound on the teeth of the outer iron core of the stator, and the air gap magnetic field can be modulated by changing the polarity and the magnitude of the introduced direct current.
Further, the rotor core has nrEach of which is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, is uniformly distributed along the circumference and is independent from each other, wherein nr＝na+ns/2。
Further, the tooth width l of the rotor toothtAnd the distance tau between two adjacent rotor teethpRespectively with axial width l of rotor permanent magnetpAnd pole pitch τhThe same is true.
Further, turn toThe rotor permanent magnet arrays attached to the inner sides of the sub-cores are staggered from the adjacent rotor permanent magnet arrays by the mechanical length l along the axial directionmPhase difference theta between permanent magnet flux linkages of two corresponding rotor core coilsfSatisfy lm/τp＝θfPer 2 π, i.e. θf＝2π×lm/τp。
Further, the length of the rotor is greater than the axial length of the stator and the rotor, and the axial length is the tooth pitch tau of the rotorpThe integer multiple of (d) is determined by the stroke.
The application provides a straight line-rotatory mixed excitation low-speed generator adopts the biconvex utmost point structure, installs stator, rotor and active cell according to this from outside to inside, separates by the air gap each other. The stator is divided into two parts, the outer side of the stator is an electric excitation part which comprises an outer stator iron core and a direct-current excitation winding, wherein the outer stator iron core is formed by laminating annular silicon steel sheets with tooth grooves, and the inner side of the stator comprises an inner stator iron core, a permanent stator magnet and a stator armature winding, wherein the inner stator iron core is formed by laminating U-shaped silicon steel sheets; the middle of the bottom of each stator inner iron core is provided with a connecting groove, and the two stator parts are connected together in a mode that the end parts of the stator outer iron core teeth are embedded into the connecting grooves at the bottom of the stator inner iron core, so that the originally independent stator inner iron cores are connected into a whole. The stator permanent magnets alternately magnetized in the tangential direction are placed between two adjacent stator inner iron cores, the stator armature windings are concentrated windings and wound on stator teeth formed by the stator permanent magnets and teeth of the stator inner iron cores on two sides of the stator permanent magnets, and the direct-current excitation windings are wound on stator outer iron core teeth. The rotor comprises a plurality of rotor iron cores which are uniformly distributed along the circumference and formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, rotor permanent magnets magnetized along the radial direction are attached to the inner side surface of each rotor iron core, and the magnetizing directions of adjacent permanent magnets under the same rotor iron core are opposite. The rotor is a cylindrical iron core made of a whole soft magnetic material, and tooth grooves are uniformly formed in the outer side of the rotor along the axial direction to form uniformly distributed teeth. The rotor linearly reciprocates along the axial direction of the motor along with the wave fluctuation of the sea waves; according to the principles of 'magnetic flux switching' and 'minimum magnetic resistance', the rotor rotates along the circumferential direction in a driven manner through the interaction between the rotor teeth and the rotor permanent magnets, and the conversion from linear motion to rotary motion is realized.
2 pi/n per rotation of rotorrMechanical angle, namely a stator winding middle turn chain is connected to a complete period of bipolar and symmetrical permanent magnet flux linkage, and the phase difference is 2 pi/3 electrical angle; 4 pi/n per rotation of rotorsMechanical angle, the linkage in the rotor core to a complete period of bipolar and symmetrical permanent magnet linkage, the phase difference is 4 pi/nrAnd in electrical angle, the permanent magnet flux linkages of the coil linkages in the two rotor cores which are opposite in the radial direction have the same amplitude and the same polarity. Therefore, when the rotor rotates, the ratio of the permanent magnet flux linkage frequency of the stator winding coil linkage to the permanent magnet flux linkage frequency of the coil linkage in the rotor core is (4 pi/n)s)/(2π/nr) I.e. 2nr/ns. And because of nr＝na+nsAnd/2, flux linkage frequency amplification from the rotor core to the stator core is achieved.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can have the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiments, the linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator of the present application realizes the conversion from the linear motion of the rotor to the driven rotary motion of the rotor by the interaction between the rotor teeth and the rotor permanent magnets and only by the magnetic coupling according to the principles of "magnetic flux switching" and "magnetic resistance minimization". According to the motor, the winding and the permanent magnet are placed on the stator side, and the rotor is only laminated by silicon steel sheets, so that the motor has strong heat dissipation and cooling capacity, simple structure and high mechanical strength; this application the motor has add the outer iron core of stator and has linked the interior iron core of discrete stator as an organic whole be convenient for machining to direct current excitation winding for introducing provides parallelly connected magnetism shunt circuit, has combined permanent magnetism excitation and electric excitation two kinds of modes, has overcome only in the permanent magnet excitation structure, the problem that air gap magnetic field is difficult to the regulation.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stator structure shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection structure of the inner and outer stator cores according to an exemplary embodiment, in which (a) is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection between the inner stator core and the electro-magnetic winding, and (b) is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection structure between the inner stator core and the outer stator core.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a rotor core structure shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, where (a) is a perspective view of the rotor core structure and (b) is a left side view of the rotor core structure.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a rotor permanent magnet configuration shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a mover according to an exemplary embodiment, where (a) is a perspective view of the mover and (b) is a front view of the mover.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating the distribution of rotor permanent magnets along the axial direction of a rotor core according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a flux distribution diagram illustrating a flux linkage maximum position where (a) is the flux distribution diagram for an electrically excited magnetomotive force alone and (b) is the flux distribution diagram for a permanent magnetomotive force alone, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Wherein: 1. a stator; 11. a stator outer core; 12. an inner stator core; 13. a stator permanent magnet; 14. a stator armature winding; 15. a direct current excitation winding; 2. a rotor; 21. a rotor core; 22. a rotor permanent magnet; 3. a mover core; A. b, C, D, E are uniformly distributed along the counter-clockwise direction of the circumference.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present application. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator, which adopts a double salient pole structure, and a stator, a rotor and a rotor are sequentially arranged from outside to inside and are separated from each other by an air gap.
The stator 1 comprises an outer stator core 11, an inner stator core 12, a permanent stator magnet 13, an armature stator winding 14 and a dc excitation winding 15, wherein the outer stator core 11 is formed by laminating annular silicon steel sheets with tooth slots, a plurality of inner stator cores 12 are uniformly distributed along the circumference, each inner stator core 12 is formed by laminating a plurality of U-shaped silicon steel sheets, the bottom of each inner stator core 12 is provided with a slot connected with teeth of the outer core, the outer stator core 11 is embedded into the originally independent inner stator core 12 along the axial direction, the separate inner stator cores 12 and the outer stator cores 11 are connected into a whole, the tangentially magnetized permanent magnet 13 is placed between the two adjacent inner stator cores 12, the magnetizing directions of the adjacent permanent magnets 13 are opposite, the armature stator winding 14 adopts a concentrated winding and is wound on stator teeth formed by the permanent magnets 13 and the teeth of the inner stator cores 12 on the two sides of the permanent magnets 13, the direct-current excitation winding 15 is wound on the teeth of the outer iron core of the stator
The rotor 2 comprises a plurality of rotor cores 21 which are uniformly distributed along the circumference, rotor permanent magnets 22 which are magnetized along the radial direction are attached to the inner side surface of each rotor core 21, and the magnetizing directions of adjacent permanent magnets under the same rotor core are opposite.
The rotor 3 is a cylindrical iron core made of a whole soft magnetic material, and tooth grooves are uniformly formed in the outer side of the rotor along the axial direction to form uniformly distributed teeth.
According to the linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the conversion from the linear motion of the rotor to the driven rotary motion of the rotor is realized only through magnetic coupling by the interaction between the rotor teeth and the rotor permanent magnet according to the principles of magnetic flux switching and minimum magnetic resistance. According to the motor, the winding and the permanent magnet are placed on the stator side, and the rotor is only laminated by silicon steel sheets, so that the motor has strong heat dissipation and cooling capacity, simple structure and high mechanical strength; this application the motor has add the outer iron core of stator and has linked the interior iron core of discrete stator as an organic whole be convenient for machining to direct current excitation winding for introducing provides parallelly connected magnetism shunt circuit, has combined permanent magnetism excitation and electric excitation two kinds of modes, has overcome only in the permanent magnet excitation structure, the problem that air gap magnetic field is difficult to the regulation.
In this embodiment, the stator outer core 11 is formed by laminating a plurality of U-shaped silicon steel sheets with tooth slots; the stator core 12 has ns(ns6k, k ≧ 2), form 2nsAnd teeth each having the same length in a circumferential direction. N is inserted between two adjacent stator inner cores 12sThe length of the stator permanent magnet 13 magnetized in the tangential direction is the same as the length of the teeth of the inner iron cores of the stator, and the stator permanent magnet 13 and the teeth of the inner iron cores of two adjacent stators form stator teeth. What is needed isThe stator armature winding 14 adopts concentrated windings which are respectively arranged on n of the statorsIn each slot, for a three-phase machine, each phase of the stator armature winding 14 is defined by nsEach phase of the stator coils is in star-shaped symmetrical distribution with the center of the motor as the origin, and the number of the formed pole pairs is naA symmetrical winding of (a). Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, there are 12 stator inner iron cores 12, 12 stator permanent magnets 13 magnetized alternately in the tangential direction are inserted between two adjacent stator inner iron cores, the stator armature windings 14 are placed in 12 slots of the stator, each phase is formed by connecting 4 stator coils in series, and the 4 stator coils are located at positions vertically symmetrical along the center of the motor. The magnetizing thickness of the permanent magnet, the tooth width of the iron core in the stator and the slot width of the stator are the same and are mechanical angles of 7.5 degrees.
In this embodiment, the electrical excitation winding 15 is wound around the teeth of the stator outer core 11. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 (a) and (b), the teeth of the stator outer core 11 are engaged with the slots formed in the bottom of the stator inner core 12, and the stator outer core 11 and the stator inner core 12 can be connected to each other by pushing the stator outer core into the slots formed in the bottom of the stator inner core 12 in the axial direction.
In this embodiment, the rotor core 21 has nrEach of which is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, is uniformly distributed along the circumference and is independent from each other, wherein nr＝na+ns/2. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, there are 10 rotor cores, which constitute 10 teeth of the rotor, and the rotor tooth width of the rotor core on the side close to the stator is 1.4 times the stator tooth width, that is, 10.5 ° mechanical angle, which is selected based on the improvement of the sine of the permanent magnet flux linkage and the no-load back electromotive force; the width of the rotor core near the shaft side is 20 mechanical degrees. The rotor permanent magnet 22 has an axial width of lpPolar pitch, i.e. axial spacing between permanent magnets of the same polarity, is τh. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the tooth width l of the rotor teethtAnd the distance tau between two adjacent rotor teethpRespectively with axial width l of the rotor permanent magnetpAnd pole pitch τhThe same is true.
In this embodiment, the rotor core is provided with a rotor on the inner surfaceThe mechanical length l of the sub permanent magnet array and the adjacent rotor permanent magnet array staggered along the axial directionmPhase difference theta between permanent magnet flux linkages of two corresponding rotor core coilsfSatisfy lm/τp＝θf[ theta ] 2 πf＝2π×lm/τp. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the rows of rotor permanent magnets under A, B, C, D, E are distributed axially from first to last as rotor cores A, C, E, B, D, which are different from each other by τp(iii) 5 mechanical length. Therefore, the phase of the permanent magnet flux linkage of the turns in the five rotor cores is A, C, E, B, D in sequence from leading to lagging. The length of the rotor is greater than the axial length of the stator and the rotor, and the axial length is the tooth pitch tau of the rotorpInteger multiples of.
In the embodiment, when the rotor rotates by 36 degrees of mechanical angle, a complete period of three-phase symmetrical permanent magnetic flux linkage is formed in the stator armature winding by the turn linkage, and the phase difference is 120 degrees; every time the rotor rotates by a mechanical angle of 60 degrees, five symmetrical permanent magnetic flux linkages of a complete period are formed in the rotor iron core through the rotor coils, the phase difference is 72 degrees, and the amplitude and the polarity of the permanent magnetic flux linkages of the rotor coils in the two rotor iron cores which are opposite in the radial direction are completely the same. Therefore, when the rotor rotates, the frequency of the permanent magnet flux linked out of the turns in the armature winding of the stator is 60/36 times, namely 5/3 times, of the frequency of the permanent magnet flux linked out of the turns in the iron core of the rotor, and frequency amplification is achieved.
In this embodiment, if the rotational speed of the rotor is n and the linear motion speed of the mover is v, the permanent magnet flux linkage frequency f of the turn linkage of the stator permanent magnet 13 in the stator armature winding 14 issr＝n×nr/60 permanent magnet flux frequency f of rotor permanent magnet 22 flux linkage in rotorrr＝v/τpAnd the permanent magnet flux linkage frequency ratio of the stator permanent magnet 13 to the stator armature winding 14 and to the rotor flux linkage is 2nr/nsThus if fsr/(2nr/ns)＝frrI.e. v 10n τpIn this case, the permanent magnet flux linkage frequencies of the stator permanent magnet 13 and the rotor permanent magnet 22 in the rotor are the same.
In this embodiment, n issA DC excitation windingThe group 15 is wound on 11 teeth of the stator outer iron core, and the main magnetic field generated by permanent magnet excitation can be modulated by adjusting the polarity and the magnitude of the direct current excitation current, so that stepless smooth adjustment of an air gap magnetic field is realized. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the hybrid excitation motor of the present embodiment is cut along the radial direction and then straightened along the circumferential direction, and (a) and (b) in fig. 8 show the magnetic force line distribution patterns under the individual actions of the electric excitation and the permanent magnet excitation, respectively. If the direct-current excitation current with the polarity corresponding to the polarity shown in (a) in fig. 8 is introduced into the electric excitation winding, the main flux direction generated by the direct-current excitation magnetic potential is the same as the main flux direction generated by the permanent-magnet magnetomotive force with the magnetizing direction shown in (b) in fig. 8, so that the air gap magnetic field can be enhanced by the additionally arranged electric excitation coil, and the matching mode of the permanent-magnet magnetizing polarity and the direct-current excitation current polarity is defined as an electric excitation magnetizing working state; conversely, if the polarity of the DC excitation current is changed, the air-gap field is weakened. Therefore, the electrodeless smooth adjustment and control of the air gap magnetic field can be realized by adjusting the polarity and the magnitude of the current introduced into the additionally arranged electric excitation coil. In other words, if the air gap magnetic field of the single permanent magnet excitation structure is kept the same, the use amount of the permanent magnet can be effectively reduced and the cost is reduced by adopting the hybrid excitation structure. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 8, in the magnetization increasing operating state, the directions of the magnetic lines of force generated by the magnetomotive forces of the two magnetic bridge portions are opposite, which means that in the magnetization increasing operating state, with the increasing of the magnetization current, the relative saturation state of the magnetic bridge excited by the single permanent magnet will decrease continuously and enter the linear section of the magnetization curve. In other words, if the hybrid excitation structure is adopted, the motor works in a magnetizing state under the condition of maintaining the same air gap magnetic field with the single permanent magnet excitation structure, so that the use amount of the permanent magnets can be reduced, the width of the magnetic bridge can be correspondingly reduced, and the size of the motor is further reduced.
In the present example, the conversion from linear motion to rotational motion is realized only by magnetic coupling through the interaction between the rotor teeth and the rotor permanent magnets. In the embodiment, the winding and the permanent magnet are both arranged on the side of the stator, and the rotor is only laminated by silicon steel sheets, so that the motor has strong heat dissipation and cooling capacity, simple structure and high mechanical strength; the separately arranged stator inner iron cores are connected into a whole by the additionally arranged stator outer iron core, so that the mechanical processing is convenient, a parallel magnetic shunt is provided for an introduced direct-current excitation winding, two modes of permanent magnet excitation and electric excitation are combined, and the problem that an air gap magnetic field is difficult to adjust in a permanent magnet excitation structure is further solved. The size and the polarity of the exciting current in the electric excitation winding are controlled, so that when the motor works in a magnetizing state, if permanent magnets with the same material and weight are adopted, compared with a permanent magnet cylindrical motor with the same volume, air gap length and working voltage, the hybrid excitation structure can provide larger output power.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention can also be applied to a motor to generate low-speed linear motion. The number of poles of the stator is increased, the thickness of the yoke part of the stator outer core is selected, and the configuration proportion of the permanent magnet and the electro-magnetic winding is the direction in which the embodiment of the invention can be further researched.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator, comprising:
stator (1), stator (1) includes outer iron core (11), stator inner iron core (12), stator permanent magnet (13), stator armature winding (14) and direct current excitation winding (15) of stator, outer iron core (11) of stator is folded by the annular silicon steel sheet of gullet and is pressed and become, and is a plurality of iron core (12) evenly distributed along the circumference in the stator, every iron core (12) is folded by a plurality of U type silicon steel sheets and is pressed and become in the stator, every iron core (12) bottom is opened has the groove that is connected with the tooth of outer iron core (11) in the stator, outer iron core (11) of stator along the axial embedding originally independent separately in iron core (12) in the stator, with discrete stator inner iron core (12) and outer iron core (11) even as an organic whole, the tangential magnetization stator permanent magnet (13) are placed between adjacent two iron core (12) in the stator, the magnetizing directions of the adjacent permanent magnets (13) are opposite, the stator armature winding (14) adopts a concentrated winding and is wound on stator teeth formed by the permanent magnets (13) and teeth of the stator inner iron core (12) on two sides of the permanent magnets, and the direct-current excitation winding (15) is wound on stator outer iron core teeth;
the rotor (2) comprises a plurality of rotor cores (21) which are uniformly distributed along the circumference, each rotor core (21) is uniformly stuck with radial magnetized rotor permanent magnets (22) on the inner surface along the axial direction, and the magnetizing directions of adjacent permanent magnets (22) are opposite;
the rotor (3) is a cylindrical iron core made of a whole soft magnetic material, and tooth grooves are uniformly formed in the outer side of the rotor (3) along the axial direction to form uniformly distributed teeth;
the stator (1), the rotor (2) and the rotor (3) are sequentially arranged from outside to inside.
2. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 1, wherein: the teeth of the stator outer iron core (11) are meshed with the connecting grooves of the stator inner iron core (12), so that the originally separated stator inner iron cores (12) are connected into a whole.
3. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 1, wherein: the stator inner iron core (12) is provided with ns(ns6k, k ≧ 2), form 2nsA tooth, each of the teeth having a same length in a circumferential direction.
4. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 1, wherein: n issOne is cutThe stator permanent magnets (13) which are magnetized alternately penetrate through the two adjacent stator inner iron cores (12), the tangential thickness of the stator permanent magnets is the same as the tooth length of the stator inner iron cores (12), and the stator permanent magnets (13) and the teeth of the two adjacent stator inner iron cores (12) form a stator tooth.
5. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 3, wherein: the stator armature winding (14) adopts a concentrated winding and is wound on nsEach stator tooth; for a three-phase machine, the stator armature winding (14) is wound for each phase by nsEach phase of the stator coils is in star-shaped symmetrical distribution with the center of the motor as the origin, and the number of pole pairs is naA symmetrical winding of (a).
6. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 1, wherein: the direct current excitation winding (15) adopts a concentrated winding and is wound on the teeth of the stator outer iron core (11), and the air gap magnetic field can be modulated by changing the polarity and the size of the introduced direct current.
7. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 5, wherein: the rotor core (21) has nrEach of which is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, is uniformly distributed along the circumference and is independent from each other, wherein nr＝na+ns/2。
8. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 1, wherein: the tooth width l of the rotor teethtAnd the distance tau between two adjacent rotor teethpRespectively with the axial width l of the rotor permanent magnet (22)pAnd pole pitch τhThe same is true.
9. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 8, wherein: rotor permanent magnet array and adjacent rotor of rotor iron core inner side surface pasteThe sub permanent magnet arrays are staggered by mechanical length l along the axial directionmPhase difference theta between permanent magnet flux linkages of two corresponding rotor core coilsfSatisfy lm/τp＝θfPer 2 π, i.e. θf＝2π×lm/τp。
10. A linear-rotary hybrid excitation low-speed generator according to claim 9, wherein: the length of the rotor (3) is greater than the axial length of the stator and the rotor, and the axial length is the tooth pitch tau of the rotor (3)pThe integer multiple of (d) is determined by the stroke.
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