CN114611304A - Excitation signal generation method and device for signal integrity simulation - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclosed are an excitation signal generation method and device for signal integrity simulation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and then generating excitation signals corresponding to all branches in the link to be simulated respectively according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream. The method is based on the pseudo-random binary sequence, an excitation signal is constructed for the link to be simulated, after the excitation signal is input to the link to be simulated, odd-mode crosstalk, even-mode crosstalk, general crosstalk, intersymbol interference and reflection can be excited, and a simulation result of each branch can be quickly obtained. Therefore, the interference information included by the excitation signal is relatively comprehensive, and the simulation result is accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of signal simulation, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for generating an excitation signal for signal integrity simulation.
Background
Signal Integrity (SI) is a metric for evaluating the transmission quality of a Signal on a transmission path, and a problem of Signal Integrity needs to be considered when a high-speed circuit is constructed. Generally, a high-speed circuit can be simulated, and a time domain waveform or an eye pattern of an excitation signal passing through a section of transmission channel is observed, so as to judge the integrity of the signal. In constructing the excitation signal, consideration needs to be given to how the excitation signal includes various kinds of interference information to excite the reaction of the transmission channel in the face of different interferences.
Usually, a PRBS (Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence) code is used to construct an excitation signal for a transmission channel, and the excitation signal is input to each transmission channel for simulation. However, the excitation signal constructed by using the PRBS code includes more interference information, the transmission channel excited by the excitation signal has less response to interference, and the simulation result is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides an excitation signal generation method and apparatus for signal integrity simulation, so as to solve the problem that the simulation result of the conventional excitation signal is inaccurate.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for generating an excitation signal for signal integrity simulation, comprising:
constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, wherein the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by negating the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence;
constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence; the victim code stream and the attack code stream both comprise a plurality of code stream segments; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream is a first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream is a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of the plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of the plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream in position;
and generating excitation signals respectively corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure also provides an excitation signal generation apparatus for signal integrity simulation, comprising:
a first building block: the device comprises a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, wherein the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by negating the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence;
a second building block: the first constructing module is used for constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence; the victim code stream and the attack code stream both comprise a plurality of code stream segments; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream is a first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream is a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of a plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream in position;
an excitation signal generation module: and the excitation signal generator is used for generating an excitation signal corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream constructed by the second construction module.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for executing the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides an electronic device comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
and the processor is used for reading the executable instructions from the memory and executing the instructions to realize the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation in any embodiment of the first aspect.
According to the technical scheme, the excitation signal generation method and the excitation signal generation device for signal integrity simulation can be used for constructing the excitation signal, and the excitation signal is constructed based on the pseudo-random binary sequence, so that reflection, intersymbol interference and general crosstalk can be excited. The excitation signal also comprises odd mode excitation and even mode excitation, after the excitation signal is input to the link to be simulated, odd mode crosstalk and even mode crosstalk effects can be excited, and generated interference information is comprehensive. Meanwhile, the corresponding excitation signal is constructed for each branch, the simulation result of each branch can be quickly obtained, and the simulation accuracy is greatly improved.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing the present disclosure in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the disclosure and together with the disclosure do not constitute a limitation of the disclosure. In the drawings, like reference numbers generally represent like parts or steps.
Fig. 1 is a transmission channel modeling method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model formed after modeling a transmission channel according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating an excitation signal for signal integrity simulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of constructing an attack code stream according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart diagram for determining a simulated excitation time provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a device for generating an excitation signal for signal integrity simulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 is another excitation signal generating apparatus for signal integrity simulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, example embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited by the example embodiments described herein.
Summary of the application
The signal integrity problem of the exemplary device is mainly manifested in that when the edge of the excitation signal changes, the transmission channel is prone to impedance discontinuity, capacitive coupling and inductive coupling between adjacent channels, and attenuation of the channel, which may cause problems of reflection, crosstalk, and intersymbol interference of the excitation signal, thereby causing signal quality degradation. The transmission channel refers to a channel specifically used for signal transmission in a circuit structure. The high-speed circuit is a kind of large-scale very large scale integrated circuit, and the above problem is also present.
In particular, the reflection (reflection) is an echo on the transmission line. I.e., one portion of the signal power (voltage and current) is transmitted onto the line and arrives at the load, and another portion of the signal power is reflected back to the source. Reflections are generally caused by impedance mismatches at the source and load ends of the transmission line. Variations in wiring geometry, incorrect wire termination, transmission through the connector, and discontinuities in the power plane can all contribute to such reflections.
Crosstalk (Crosstalk) is noise on a line caused by mutual inductance and mutual capacitive coupling between transmission lines, wherein Crosstalk includes Odd mode (Odd) Crosstalk, Even mode (Even) Crosstalk, and the like.
Intersymbol interference: due to the transmission characteristics of the system, the pulse waveforms of adjacent symbols may overlap with each other, and the overlap between adjacent symbols is called intersymbol interference.
In order to evaluate the signal integrity of the transmission channel, a signal integrity simulation may be performed, and the specific simulation steps may be: the method comprises the steps of modeling a transmission channel, inputting an excitation signal into the modeled transmission channel, and observing a time domain waveform or an eye pattern of the excitation signal after the excitation signal passes through a section of the transmission channel so as to determine the quality of the transmission channel of the circuit. For example, the Time domain waveform of a signal may express the change of the signal with Time, the waveforms of each symbol are overlapped together in an accumulative overlapping manner, and a waveform Diagram of an "Eye" shape formed after the overlapping is an Eye Diagram (Eye Diagram). The eye diagram contains rich information, the influence of signal interference can be observed from the eye diagram, and the integral characteristic of the digital signal is reflected, so that the quality degree of the system is estimated.
Currently, the excitation signal for signal integrity simulation is generally composed of a PRBS code. However, although the excitation signal formed by the PRBS code can reflect the comprehensive influence of reflection, intersymbol interference and crosstalk to a certain extent, it is difficult to simulate more complicated situations, such as odd mode crosstalk and even mode crosstalk, which are important factors for evaluating Eye Width (Eye Width), so that the interference signal formed by simulating the excitation signal formed by the PRBS code is one-sided, and the integrity of the signal cannot be accurately judged, and the simulation result is not accurate enough.
The excitation signal generated by the method can cover relatively complex scenes such as reflection, intersymbol interference, general crosstalk, odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk and the like, and the accuracy of a simulation result can be improved by applying the excitation signal generated by the method to a signal integrity simulation process.
Exemplary System
In the process of carrying out signal integrity simulation on the high-speed circuit, a mode of extracting S parameters can be adopted to carry out modeling analysis on the transmission channel. The S parameter (S parameter scattering parameter) is a network parameter based on the relationship between incident waves and reflected waves. The S parameter reflects information of a transmission channel, such as loss, impedance continuity, reflection, delay, crosstalk, and the like of an interconnection channel, with a reflected signal of a device port and a signal transmitted from the port to another port. In extracting the S-parameters, it is necessary to obtain the incident signal and the reflected signal by applying an excitation signal to the ports. The ports and the interconnection among the ports are realized by modeling a transmission channel.
Referring to fig. 1, a transmission channel modeling method provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and referring to fig. 2, a model schematic diagram formed after modeling a transmission channel provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The step of modeling the transmission channel may comprise:
step 110: modeling is performed according to the physical structure of the transmission channel. Including setting physical properties of the model (e.g., stack structure, material properties, length, width, etc.). The modeling of the transmission channel may include modeling various passive components (passive components) in the entire transmission channel, and in a complete circuit structure, the transmission channel is generally divided into a passive part and an active part according to whether a power supply is needed, and a channel formed for the passive part is the transmission channel. The passive element can work without being connected with a power supply and receiving a corresponding signal in the circuit design. The passive component may be a Package (Package), a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), a Connector (Connector), a discrete device, or the like. Among them, Discrete devices (Discrete devices) are mainly resistive, inductive and capacitive elements.
Step 120: and establishing an excitation port of a signal to be extracted.
Specifically, step 120 sets an excitation port for inputting an excitation signal and extracting an S parameter for the transmission channel to be simulated.
Step 130: and setting electromagnetic field solving parameters. The solving parameters may include solving frequency, convergence condition, radiation boundary, and the like, which is not specifically limited by the present disclosure.
Step 140: and solving the electromagnetic field. The solved model may be stored in the form of a scattering parameter (S parameter) file.
Step 150: and cascading all the models to build a complete link to be simulated.
Step 160: and adding active models of a transmitting end and a receiving end.
The active model may be an IBIS (Input/Output Buffer Information Specification, IBIS) model or a spice model.
After modeling is completed, an excitation signal composed of a certain code pattern can be applied to a transmitting end to perform transient circuit simulation, and then a received time domain waveform or eye pattern is checked at a receiving end.
In some implementations, steps 110-160 may be accomplished by means of an EDA (Electronic design automation) tool.
Exemplary method
Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating an excitation signal for signal integrity simulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, where the method includes the following steps:
step 210: constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence;
the first code stream sequence P is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence P' is a sequence obtained by inverting the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence P.
In ITU-TV.29 specification, PRBS code (pseudo random binary sequence) contains a certain combination of 0 and 1, the occurrence probability of 0 and 1 presents a certain randomness, and the PRBS code can be used for well exciting the reflection and intersymbol interference condition and reflecting certain crosstalk information. Therefore, the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence constructed by the PRBS code can be used as the basis for constructing the excitation signal, so that the subsequent signal integrity simulation by using the excitation signal is facilitated.
In this disclosure, the first code stream sequence may be prbs (N), where the value of N represents the total number of bits of 0 and 1 in the first code stream sequence, and N may be a natural number other than 0. For example, if the first code stream sequence is constructed by PRBS7, N is 127, i.e., the length of the first code stream sequence is 127 bits.
Specifically, a set of prbs (N) of N bit code streams is recorded as a first code stream sequence P, and each bit in the first code stream sequence P is inverted to obtain a set of new code stream sequence, i.e. a second code stream sequence P'. In the process of negation, if the original position in the first code stream sequence P is 1, then the code stream sequence P becomes 0 after negation, and if the original position in the first code stream sequence P is 0, then the code stream sequence P becomes 1 after negation. For example, if four bits of the first code stream sequence P are 1011, the inverted second code stream sequence P' is 0100.
In the present disclosure, before performing step 210, a step of modeling may also be included.
Specifically, the structure of the target circuit is modeled to obtain a link to be simulated corresponding to the structure of the target circuit.
The link to be simulated may include a plurality of branches.
The target circuit generally has a complex structure and may include a plurality of adjacent transmission channels, so that a link to be simulated obtained by modeling the structure of the target circuit may include a plurality of branches, and adjacent position relationships may exist among the plurality of branches. In some implementations, the process of modeling the structure of the target circuit may be performed according to steps 110 to 160, and the link to be simulated is the simulation model formed after modeling.
Step 220: and constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence.
The victim code stream V and the attack code stream A both comprise a plurality of code stream segments; a first code stream segment of the victim code stream V is a first code stream sequence, and a second code stream segment of the victim code stream V is a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream A are both a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream V are any two of the code stream segments of the victim code stream V, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream A are any two of the code stream segments of the attack code stream A, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream V corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream A in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream V corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream A in position.
In the present disclosure, the victim code stream V and the attack code stream a may be used to form odd mode excitation or even mode excitation between two branches corresponding to each other.
For example, the first code stream sequence is 1011, the second code stream sequence is 0100, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream V is taken as the first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream V is taken as the second code stream sequence as an example, the victim code stream V is 10110100, and the attack code stream a may be 10111011 or 01000100. When the attack code stream a is 10111011, an even mode excitation may be formed at the position of the first code stream segment between the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V, and an odd mode excitation may be formed at the position of the second code stream segment, and correspondingly, when the attack code stream a is 01000100, an odd mode excitation may be formed at the position of the first code stream segment between the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V, and an even mode excitation may be formed at the position of the second code stream segment.
The number of the code stream segments included in the victim code stream V and the attack code stream a may be designed according to actual conditions, which is not specifically limited by the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the above description is only an exemplary description, and does not limit the number of bits 0/1 and the distribution 0/1 actually included in the first code stream sequence P and the second code stream sequence P'.
Step 230: and generating excitation signals respectively corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream.
That is, the excitation signal includes the victim code stream V and/or the attack code stream a.
According to the excitation signal generation method provided by the disclosure, a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence are constructed by using a PRBS code, and then an attack code stream and a victim code stream are respectively constructed according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence. The excitation signal generation method provided by the disclosure further comprises the step of constructing an excitation signal for each branch according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream, wherein the excitation signal comprises more comprehensive interference information, can excite the problems of reflection, odd-mode crosstalk, even-mode crosstalk, intersymbol interference and the like, can excite the worst condition of each branch at one time, can quickly obtain the simulation result of each branch, and can greatly improve the accuracy of the simulation result.
On the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 3, as shown in fig. 4, after the step 220 constructs the victim code stream and the attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence, the method provided by the present disclosure may further include:
step 310: and constructing a third code stream sequence and a fourth code stream sequence.
The third code stream sequence H is a full 1 code stream sequence, that is, each bit of the third code stream sequence H is 1, for example, the third code stream sequence H may be 1111. The fourth code stream sequence L is a full 0 code stream sequence, that is, each bit of the fourth code stream sequence L is 0, for example, the fourth code stream sequence L may be 0000. In order to match with the first code stream sequence P and the second code stream sequence P ', when the first code stream sequence P and the second code stream sequence P' are both N bits, the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L may also be both N bits, where N may be a natural number other than 0. For example, when the PRBS7 is used to construct the first code stream sequence P, N is 127, that is, the length of the first code stream sequence P is 127 bits (bit), and correspondingly, N may also be 127 for the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L, that is, the length of the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L is 127 bits.
Step 320: and constructing an attack code stream according to the third code stream sequence and the fourth code stream sequence.
For example, the third code stream sequence H is 1111, the fourth code stream sequence L is 0000, each bit of the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L has no status change, namely, each bit of the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L is 1 or each bit is 0, then the excitation signal is further constructed based on the attack code pattern A formed by the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L, the excitation signal comprising attack pattern a remains in a high or low state at all times, there is no state change, for the adjacent branch of the branch to which the excitation signal including the attack pattern a is input, when the excitation signal of the adjacent branch includes the victim pattern V, the branch comprising the excitation signal attacking pattern a does not excite crosstalk problems to its neighboring branches, which only show intersymbol interference and/or reflection problems.
It should be understood that the above description is only exemplary and does not limit the number of 0/1 bits actually included in the third code stream sequence H and the fourth code stream sequence L.
In the excitation signal generation method provided by the present disclosure, the attack code stream a may further specifically include the following:
the third code stream segment of the attack code stream is a third code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is a fourth code stream sequence; or, the third code stream segment of the attack code stream is a fourth code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is the third code stream sequence.
The third code stream segment and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream a are any two of the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment in the plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream a. That is, the plurality of code stream segments constituting the attack code stream a are not limited to the order of the first code stream segment, the second code stream segment, the third code stream segment, and the fourth code stream segment.
As can be seen from the above, the attack code stream a may be formed by: the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment are both a first code stream sequence P or both a second code stream sequence P', the third code stream segment is a third code stream sequence H, and the fourth code stream sequence is a fourth code stream sequence L, wherein the first code stream segment, the second code stream segment, the third code stream segment and the fourth code stream segment are any one of a plurality of code stream segments of the attack code stream. Then, the attack code stream a is exemplified as follows: PPHL, P 'P' HL, HP 'P' L, HPPL, and the like, which are not exhaustive herein.
In the excitation signal generation method provided by the present disclosure, the victim code stream V may further specifically include the following:
and the third code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence.
The third code stream segment and the fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream V are any two of the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment in the plurality of code stream segments of the victim code stream V. That is, the plurality of code stream segments constituting the victim code stream V are not limited to the order of the first code stream segment, the second code stream segment, the third code stream segment, and the fourth code stream segment. And the third code stream segment of the victim code stream V corresponds to the third code stream segment of the attack code stream a, and the fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream V corresponds to the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream a.
As can be seen from the above, the victim code stream V may be formed by: the first code stream segment is a first code stream sequence P, the second code stream segment is a second code stream sequence P ', or the first code stream segment is a second code stream sequence P', and the second code stream segment is a first code stream sequence P. The third code stream segment is a first code stream sequence P or a second code stream sequence P ', and the fourth code stream segment is the first code stream sequence P or the second code stream sequence P'. That is, the victim stream V includes at least a first stream sequence P and a second stream sequence P'. Then, the victim code stream V has 14 combination modes. The calculation formula is as follows: 24-2-14 species. Taking attack code stream a as a base, the example of the victim code stream V is as follows: when the attack code stream A is PPHL, the damaged code stream V can be PP ' PP, PP ' PP ', PP ' P ' P, PP ' P ' P ', P ' PPP ', P ' PP ' P, P ' PP ' P '. Other situations of the victim stream V are not exhausted here.
Therefore, when the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V appear at corresponding positions of adjacent branches, the problems of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk, general crosstalk, intersymbol interference and reflection can be simultaneously excited.
It can be understood that, when the victim code stream V and the attack code stream a both include four code stream segments, the length of the victim code stream V and the attack code stream a is 4N, and N may be a natural number other than 0.
In some implementations, the attack code stream a provided by the present disclosure may include four code stream segments, which may be a first code stream sequence P, a second code stream sequence P', a third code stream sequence H, and a fourth code stream sequence L, respectively. The victim code stream V may also include four code stream segments, two of the four code stream segments are respectively a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, and the other two code stream segments are respectively a first code stream sequence and/or a second code stream sequence. Therefore, the excitation signal formed by the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V can be used for exciting the problems of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk, intersymbol interference, reflection and the like.
In other implementation manners, the attack code stream a provided by the present disclosure may also include only two code stream segments, and the two code stream segments may be both the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence. The victim code pattern V may also include only two code stream segments, which may be the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence, respectively. Therefore, the excitation signal formed by the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V can be used for exciting the problems of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk and the like.
In other implementation manners, the attack code stream a provided by the present disclosure may also include only two code stream segments, where the two code stream segments may be a third code stream sequence and a fourth code stream sequence, and the victim code stream V may also include only two code stream segments, where the two code stream segments may be the first code stream sequence and/or the second code stream sequence. Therefore, the excitation signal formed by the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V can be used for exciting the problems of intersymbol interference and reflection. For example, an attack excitation signal is constructed by the attack code stream a, a Victim excitation signal is constructed by the Victim code stream V, one branch is selected as an attack line (agressor), the other branch is selected as a Victim line (Victim), the attack excitation signal is input to the attack line, and the Victim excitation signal is input to the Victim line.
In this disclosure, step 230 may specifically include: each branch comprises a first branch and a second branch, the excitation signal corresponding to the first branch comprises an attack code stream, the excitation signal corresponding to the second branch comprises a victim code stream, and odd mode excitation or even mode excitation is formed between the first branch and the second branch.
If a certain item of the first excitation signal is a victim code stream, an item corresponding to the victim code stream of the first excitation signal in the second excitation signal is an attack code stream, that is, one item of the first excitation signal is determined to be the victim code stream, and an item corresponding to the victim code stream of the first excitation signal in the second excitation signal is determined to be the attack code stream. Then, after the first excitation signal and the second excitation signal are input to the two adjacent branches, it can be ensured that odd mode crosstalk and even mode crosstalk are excited on the link to be simulated.
It is understood that the first branch and the second branch are any two adjacent branches of all branches of the link to be simulated, and the total number of the excitation signals should be equal to the number of the branches of the link to be simulated.
Specifically, the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation provided by the present disclosure may further include:
and determining the total number of attack code streams and the total number of victim code streams included in each excitation signal according to the number of the branches.
The total number of attack code streams A and the total number of victim code streams V included in each excitation signal are more than or equal to the number of branches. The total number of the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V included in each excitation signal is the term number of the terms included in the excitation signal.
The total number of attack code streams a and victim code streams V included in the excitation signal may be regarded as the length of the excitation signal. For example, if the total number of the link branches to be simulated is M, the total number of the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V may be M. Thus, the M attack code streams a and the M victim code streams V are sufficient to construct different excitation signals for each branch, and each branch includes the attack code stream a or the victim code stream V, that is, each branch may be referred to as a victim line.
It should be noted that, in the present disclosure, in order to facilitate description of a relationship between the number of branches and the total number of attack code streams and victim code streams in the excitation signal, the number of branches is illustrated, and the number of branches may be 4 as follows. It should be understood that the examples of the number of branches are only illustrative and do not specifically limit the present disclosure.
In particular, the stimulus signal may specifically include the following:
one item of the excitation signal is a victim code stream, and the other items are attack code streams; victim code streams appear on different terms between the excitation signals corresponding to each branch circuit respectively; or, one item of the excitation signal is an attack code stream, the other items are victim code streams, and attack code streams appear on different items between the excitation signals respectively corresponding to the branches.
TABLE 1
Wherein, A represents an attack code stream, and V represents a victim code stream.
Referring to table 1, examples of the excitation signals including the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V with different total numbers are shown. Taking the number of the branches as 4 as an example, the total number of the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V of the excitation signal is more than or equal to 4. If the total number of the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V is 4, the four excitation signals corresponding to the four branches may be: a first branch: AAAV, second branch: AAVA, third branch: AVAA, fourth leg: VAAA, which may also be: a first branch: VVA, second branch: VVAV, third branch: VAVV, fourth branch: AVVV. Therefore, no matter what kind of excitation signals are input into the four branches, and no matter how the adjacent relation of the four branches changes, the corresponding relation of the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V can be formed between the adjacent branches, and the problems of odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk, general crosstalk, intersymbol interference and reflection can be excited. That is to say, the excitation signals constructed according to the total number of the attack code stream a and the victim code stream V are equal to the number of the branches, which is the simplest excitation signal, and the simulation result obtained based on the excitation signals can more comprehensively reflect the problem of each branch. In addition, each excitation signal only contains one attack code stream a or only contains one victim code stream V, and each branch has a probability of becoming a victim line when the excitation signal is input to each branch, and accordingly, other branches except the victim line are attack lines, the worst condition of each branch can be excited at one time, and it is not necessary to select and determine which branch is taken as the victim line through a frequency domain or manually, that is, a simulation result formed by adopting the method is not influenced by selection of the victim line.
Continuing with table 1, taking the number of branches as 4 as an example, if the total number of attack code stream a and victim code stream V of the excitation signal is less than 4, for example, 3, one of the four excitation signals corresponding to the four branches is: a first branch: VAA, second branch: AVA, third branch: AAV, fourth branch: the VAA can form a corresponding relation between the attack code stream A and the victim code stream V between the branches, and further excite odd mode excitation and even mode excitation. However, the adjacent relationship of the branches is not fixed, and the adjacent relationship of the branches is changed into a fourth branch-a first branch-a second branch-a third branch, so that the fourth branch and the first branch have no corresponding relationship of A and V, the odd mode excitation cannot be excited, and only the even mode excitation can be excited. Therefore, the scheme that the total number of attack code streams A and the total number of victim code streams V of the excitation signals are smaller than the total number of branches is not the optimal selection scheme.
Continuing with table 1, taking the number of branches as 4 as an example, if the total number of attack code stream a and victim code stream V of the excitation signal is greater than 4, for example, 5, then one of the four excitation signals corresponding to the four branches is: a first branch: VAAAA, second leg: AVAAA, third leg: AAVAA, fourth branch: AAAVA. At the moment, the excitation signal can comprehensively reflect the problem, each branch circuit has an opportunity to become a victim line, the worst condition of each branch circuit can be excited at one time, the simulation result is comprehensive and accurate, and the method is a better selection scheme.
In some implementation manners, the total number of attack code streams a and victim code streams V of the excitation signals of some branches may be equal to the number of branches, and the total number of attack code streams a and victim code streams V of the excitation signals of the remaining branches may be greater than the number of branches, which may be adaptively designed according to actual conditions, and this disclosure does not specifically limit this.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic flow chart for determining a simulated firing time is provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the method provided by the present disclosure further includes the following steps after step 230:
step 240: and determining the unit interval time of one code element in the first code stream sequence.
Here, the Unit Interval (UI) time of one symbol may be written as t 1.
The circuit transmission signal is based on the waveform change to identify each bit of information, and the waveform of this bit of information is called symbol. In digital communications, a symbol is often represented by symbols having the same time interval, for example, when data is represented by binary codes 0 and 1, a waveform representing 0 is one symbol and a waveform representing 1 is another symbol. The baud rate, which represents the number of symbol symbols transmitted per unit time, is a measure of the symbol transmission rate. One symbol UI is defined as the width of one data bit, for example: in a data stream with a baud rate of 10Gbps, one UI equals 100 ps; similarly, in a 1.0Gbps data stream, one UI equals 1 ns. For such a binary sequence of the first code stream sequence, one bit of the binary is a symbol. The unit interval time of different code elements in the first code stream sequence is the same. The symbol UI time can be determined to be t1 according to the baud rate of the actual signal.
Step 250: the number of symbols contained in the excitation signal is determined.
Here, the number of symbols may be K. The number of code elements included in an excitation signal depends on the number of the first code stream sequence P, the second code stream sequence P', the third code stream sequence H, and the fourth code stream sequence L included in the excitation signal.
For example, the total number of attack code streams a and victim code streams V included in one excitation signal is M, each attack code stream a or victim code stream V includes 4 code stream sequences (a first code stream sequence, a second code stream sequence, a third code stream sequence, or a fourth code stream sequence), each code stream sequence includes N code elements, and the number K of the code elements is 4 × N × M — 4 NM.
Step 260: determining simulation excitation time based on the number of code elements and unit interval time of one code element; wherein the simulated excitation time is used for representing the time length of the excitation signal used for simulation.
Wherein, let the simulation excitation time be T, then the calculation formula of the simulation excitation time T is: T-K T1. Where K denotes the number of symbols included in the excitation signal, and t1 denotes a unit interval time of one symbol.
To excite the effect of each bit of the excitation signal in the simulation model, the simulated excitation time may be determined as per steps 240-260. Thus, the simulation excitation time is the most efficient time for performing the simulation.
The method comprises the steps of constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence based on a pseudo-random binary sequence, constructing all 1 third code stream sequences and all 0 fourth code stream sequences, constructing attack code streams and victim code streams based on the first code stream sequence, the second code stream sequence, the third code stream sequences and the fourth code stream sequences, and then constructing excitation signals for each branch according to the attack code streams and the victim code streams. The worst condition of each branch can be excited at one time, the simulation result is obtained quickly, and the accuracy of the simulation result is high.
In some implementations, in order to verify the accuracy of the victim code stream V and the attack code stream a, the following verification steps may be performed: firstly, three adjacent branches are selected and marked as Trace1, Trace2 and Trace3 from top to bottom, the victim code stream V is endowed with the Trace2 as an excitation, and the attack code stream A is endowed with the Trace1 and the Trace3 as an excitation, so that reflection, intersymbol interference, general crosstalk, odd mode crosstalk, even mode crosstalk and the like can be formed between the victim code stream V and the attack code stream A, and the accuracy of the victim code stream V and the attack code stream A can be verified by observing the eye diagram result at the moment.
Referring to fig. 6, an excitation signal generating apparatus for signal integrity simulation provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be a server or a module disposed on the server, and is used to implement all or part of the functions of the foregoing method embodiments. Specifically, the excitation signal generation device includes: a first building block 501, a second building block 502 and an excitation signal generation block 503.
Specifically, the first constructing module 501 is configured to construct a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, where the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by negating a value of each bit of the first code stream sequence.
The second constructing module 502 is configured to construct a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence constructed by the first constructing module 501.
The victim code stream and the attack code stream both comprise a plurality of code stream segments; the first code stream segment of the victim code stream is a first code stream sequence, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream is a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both a first code stream sequence or a second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of the code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of the code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream in position.
The excitation signal generating module 503 is configured to generate excitation signals corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream constructed by the second constructing module 502.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the present disclosure, generating, according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream, excitation signals corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated respectively includes: each branch comprises a first branch and a second branch, the excitation signal corresponding to the first branch comprises an attack code stream, the excitation signal corresponding to the second branch comprises a victim code stream, and odd mode excitation or even mode excitation is formed between the first branch and the second branch.
Optionally, referring to fig. 7, another excitation signal generating apparatus for signal integrity simulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is provided. The excitation signal generating apparatus provided by the present disclosure further includes a first calculating module 504, where the first calculating module 504 is configured to: and determining the total amount of attack code streams and victim code streams included in each excitation signal according to the number of the branches.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the present disclosure, the attack code stream and the victim code stream are used as terms of an excitation signal to form an excitation signal, one term of the excitation signal is the victim code stream, and the remaining terms are the attack code stream; victim code streams appear on different terms between the excitation signals corresponding to each branch circuit respectively;
or, one item of the excitation signal is an attack code stream, the other items are victim code streams, and attack code streams appear on different items between the excitation signals respectively corresponding to the branches.
Optionally, with continuing reference to fig. 7, the excitation signal generating apparatus provided by the present disclosure further includes a second calculating module 505, where the second calculating module 505 is configured to: determining unit interval time of a code element in a first code stream sequence;
determining the number of symbols contained in the excitation signal;
determining simulation excitation time based on the number of code elements and unit interval time of one code element; wherein the simulated excitation time is used for representing the time length of the excitation signal used for simulation.
Optionally, with continuing reference to fig. 7, the first building block 501 of the excitation signal generating apparatus provided by the present disclosure is further configured to: constructing a third code stream sequence and a fourth code stream sequence, wherein the third code stream sequence is a full 1 code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream sequence is a full 0 code stream sequence;
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the present disclosure, a third code stream segment of the attack code stream is a third code stream sequence, and a fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is a fourth code stream sequence; or, the third code stream segment of the attack code stream is a fourth code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is the third code stream sequence.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the present disclosure, a third code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence, and a fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence.
Exemplary electronic device
Next, an electronic apparatus according to the present disclosure is described with reference to fig. 8. The electronic device may be either or both of the first device 100 and the second device 200, or a stand-alone device separate from them that may communicate with the first device and the second device to receive the collected input signals therefrom.
Fig. 8 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 8, the electronic device 11 includes one or more processors 111 and memory 112.
The processor 111 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing capabilities and/or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device 11 to perform desired functions.
Memory 112 may include one or more computer program products that may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, Random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory (cache), and/or the like. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium and executed by processor 111 to implement the stimulus signal generation method for signal integrity simulation of the various embodiments of the present disclosure described above and/or other desired functions. Various contents such as an input signal, a signal component, a noise component, etc. may also be stored in the computer-readable storage medium.
In one example, the electronic device 11 may further include: an input device 113 and an output device 114, which are interconnected by a bus system and/or other form of connection mechanism (not shown).
For example, when the electronic device is the first device 100 or the second device 200, the input device 113 may be a microphone or a microphone array as described above for capturing an input signal of a sound source. When the electronic device is a stand-alone device, the input means 113 may be a communication network connector for receiving the acquired input signals from the first device 100 and the second device 200.
The input device 13 may also include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
The output device 114 may output various information including the determined distance information, direction information, and the like to the outside. The output devices 14 may include, for example, a display, speakers, a printer, and a communication network and its connected remote output devices, among others.
Of course, for simplicity, only some of the components of the electronic device 11 relevant to the present disclosure are shown in fig. 8, omitting components such as buses, input/output interfaces, and the like. In addition, the electronic device 11 may include any other suitable components, depending on the particular application.
Exemplary computer program product and computer-readable storage Medium
In addition to the above-described methods and apparatus, embodiments of the present disclosure may also be a computer program product comprising computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure described in the "exemplary methods" section above of this specification.
The computer program product may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages, for performing the operations of the present disclosure. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server.
Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure may also be a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure described in the "exemplary methods" section above in this specification.
The computer-readable storage medium may take any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may include, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The foregoing describes the general principles of the present disclosure in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific details so described.
The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, systems referred to in this disclosure are only given as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations, etc. must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. These devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are open-ended words that mean "including, but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The words "or" and "as used herein mean, and are used interchangeably with, the word" and/or, "unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The word "such as" is used herein to mean, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as but not limited to".
It is also noted that in the devices, apparatuses, and methods of the present disclosure, each component or step can be decomposed and/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinations are to be considered equivalents of the present disclosure.
The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit embodiments of the disclosure to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions and sub-combinations thereof.
Claims (11)
1. A method of stimulus signal generation for signal integrity simulation, comprising:
constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, wherein the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by negating the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence;
constructing a victim code stream and an attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence; wherein the victim code stream and the attack code stream both comprise a plurality of code stream segments; a first code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence, and a second code stream segment of the victim code stream is the second code stream sequence; a first code stream segment and a second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of the code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of the code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream in position;
and generating excitation signals corresponding to all branches in the link to be simulated respectively according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating, according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream, excitation signals corresponding to each branch in a link to be simulated respectively comprises: each branch comprises a first branch and a second branch, the excitation signal corresponding to the first branch comprises the attack code stream, the excitation signal corresponding to the second branch comprises the victim code stream, and odd mode excitation or even mode excitation is formed between the first branch and the second branch.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and determining the total number of the attack code streams and the victim code streams included in each excitation signal according to the number of the branches.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the attack codestream and the victim codestream form the stimulus signal as terms of the stimulus signal, the method further comprising:
one item of the excitation signal is the victim code stream, and the other items are the attack code streams; the victim code stream appears on different terms between the excitation signals corresponding to the branches respectively;
or, one item of the excitation signal is the attack code stream, the remaining items are the victim code stream, the attack code stream appears on different items between the excitation signals respectively corresponding to the branches.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein unit interval times of different code elements in the first code stream sequence are the same, and after the excitation signals respectively corresponding to the branches in the link to be simulated are generated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream, the method further comprises:
determining the unit interval time of one code element in the first code stream sequence;
determining the number of the symbols contained in the excitation signal;
determining simulation excitation time based on the number of the code elements and unit interval time of one code element; wherein the simulation excitation time is used for representing the time length of the excitation signal used for simulation.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein after constructing the victim code stream and the attack code stream according to the first code stream sequence and the second code stream sequence, the method further comprises:
constructing a third code stream sequence and a fourth code stream sequence, wherein the third code stream sequence is a full 1 code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream sequence is a full 0 code stream sequence;
and constructing the attack code stream according to the third code stream sequence and the fourth code stream sequence.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
a third code stream segment of the attack code stream is the third code stream sequence, and a fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is the fourth code stream sequence; or, the third code stream segment of the attack code stream is the fourth code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the attack code stream is the third code stream sequence.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
and the third code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence, and the fourth code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence.
9. An excitation signal generation apparatus for signal integrity simulation, comprising:
a first building block: the device comprises a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence, wherein the first code stream sequence is a pseudo-random binary sequence, and the second code stream sequence is a sequence obtained by negating the value of each bit of the first code stream sequence;
a second building block: the first constructing module is used for constructing a first code stream sequence and a second code stream sequence; wherein the victim code stream and the attack code stream both comprise a plurality of code stream segments; a first code stream segment of the victim code stream is the first code stream sequence, and a second code stream segment of the victim code stream is the second code stream sequence; a first code stream segment and a second code stream segment of the attack code stream are both the first code stream sequence or the second code stream sequence; the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream are any two of the code stream segments of the victim code stream, the first code stream segment and the second code stream segment of the attack code stream are any two of the code stream segments of the attack code stream, the first code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the first code stream segment of the attack code stream in position, and the second code stream segment of the victim code stream corresponds to the second code stream segment of the attack code stream in position;
an excitation signal generation module: and the excitation signal generator is used for generating an excitation signal corresponding to each branch in the link to be simulated according to the victim code stream and the attack code stream constructed by the second construction module.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
the processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the excitation signal generation method for signal integrity simulation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN114611304B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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