CN114610695A - Method for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emission factor in low-temperature area - Google Patents

Method for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emission factor in low-temperature area Download PDF

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CN114610695A
CN114610695A CN202210178928.3A CN202210178928A CN114610695A CN 114610695 A CN114610695 A CN 114610695A CN 202210178928 A CN202210178928 A CN 202210178928A CN 114610695 A CN114610695 A CN 114610695A
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高成康
李娜
由焕
巴乔
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Northeastern University China
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring and calculating an atmospheric pollutant emission factor in a low-temperature area, which comprises the following steps of: s1, obtaining test data of the low-temperature area; s2, establishing a localization emission factor library based on a guideline method according to the acquired test data; s3, establishing a localized emission factor library based on the IVE model according to the acquired test data; s4, obtaining a vehicle-mounted experiment localized emission factor library in a vehicle-mounted test mode; and S5, comparing the emission factor library established by the guideline method and the IVE model with the emission factor library of the vehicle-mounted experiment, and establishing a low-temperature region localized motor vehicle emission factor database. The measuring and calculating method provided by the invention solves the problem that the current research aiming at the pollutant emission list of the motor vehicle in the low-temperature area is relatively deficient.

Description

Method for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emission factor in low-temperature area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric pollution monitoring and emission list calculation, and particularly relates to a method for measuring and calculating an atmospheric pollutant emission factor in a low-temperature region.
Background
The emission factor is a representative value representing the relationship between the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere and the activity level of the emitted pollutants. The emission factor is the average level of data available to represent the long-term average level of many specific emissions in a class of emissions sources. The emission factor is neither a recommended emission limit nor a standard. The emission factor data is provided, the emission amount of the atmospheric pollutants can be conveniently calculated according to the road distribution and the traffic flow data, and a decision basis is provided for the implementation of environmental management and related control measures.
One of the key issues in establishing a localized vehicle emissions list is to establish a library of localized vehicle emissions factors. The emission factor is one of the main parameters for calculating the total emission amount of each pollutant of the urban motor vehicles. The motor vehicle emission factor refers to the average emission of certain atmospheric pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust within unit driving mileage or unit driving time of a motor vehicle, the unit is generally expressed by g/km or g/h, and the test method for obtaining the motor vehicle emission can be divided into laboratory test and actual road test, wherein the former comprises bench test, and the latter comprises tunnel test, road remote sensing test, road vehicle-mounted test and mobile laboratory test. These methods all provide the ability to obtain actual pollutant emission levels from the vehicle, each with features and advantages. To improve the accuracy of motor vehicle emissions checklists, localized emissions factor data is first obtained within the study area.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring and calculating an atmospheric pollutant emission factor in a low-temperature area, and solves the problem that the current research on a pollutant emission list of a motor vehicle in the low-temperature area is relatively deficient.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a method for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emission factors in low-temperature areas comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining test data of the low-temperature area;
s2, establishing a localization emission factor library based on a guideline method according to the acquired test data;
s3, establishing a localized emission factor library based on the IVE model according to the acquired test data;
s4, obtaining a vehicle-mounted experiment localized emission factor library in a vehicle-mounted test mode;
and S5, comparing the emission factor library established by the guideline method and the IVE model with the emission factor library of the vehicle-mounted experiment to establish a low-temperature region localized motor vehicle emission factor database.
Preferably, the manner of acquiring the test data of the low-temperature region includes but is not limited to: road survey, questionnaire survey, and literature survey.
Preferably, the acquiring of the test data of the low-temperature region at least comprises: vehicle type, fuel type, pollution control technology, vehicle age, vehicle mileage, starting times, environmental parameters and fuel quality;
the system comprises a vehicle, a vehicle monitoring system, a data processing system and a data processing system, wherein the vehicle type, the fuel type, the pollution control technology, the vehicle age, the vehicle driving mileage and the starting frequency information are obtained by a questionnaire issuing mode and a road actual measurement mode;
the environmental parameters and the fuel quality are obtained through monitoring and data research;
the environmental parameters include at least: altitude, temperature, humidity, road grade data.
Preferably, the localization emission factor library based on the guideline method is used for determining the pollutants CO, HC and NO of the motor vehicle by the guideline correction methodXPM2.5 and PM 10.
The principle of localization by providing correction factors in conjunction with the guideline is preferably as follows:
Figure BDA0003521530940000021
in the formula, EFi，jThe emission factor of the vehicle type i in the region j; BEFiIs an integrated reference emission factor of the vehicle type i,
Figure BDA0003521530940000022
the environmental correction factor for region j; gamma rayjThe average speed correction factor for region j; thetaiThe factor is corrected for the requirements of the vehicle type i, and the requirements include vehicle deterioration or fuel quality.
Preferably, the establishing of the localized emission factor library by using the IVE model is to simulate the pollutants CO, VOC and NH of the motor vehicle by using the IVE model3The emission factor of (1).
Preferably, the obtaining of the basic data required to obtain the vehicle emission factor through the IVE model at least comprises: the engine-driven vehicle running condition, the engine-driven vehicle technical parameters, the fuel type, the fuel quality, the starting distribution and the environmental parameters.
Preferably, the running condition of the motor vehicle adopts a variable control method to test different roads and different time periods of a low-temperature area city.
Preferably, the roadside test equipment used in road implementation is a HT3000-E mobile high-definition snapshot instrument.
Preferably, tracking the tested vehicle comprises at least: heavy duty diesel trucks, cars, taxis and buses;
the time of the test includes: 7:00-9:00 in the morning, 11:00-12:00 in the noon and 5:30-7:30 in the afternoon.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for measuring and calculating the atmospheric pollutant emission factor in the low-temperature area has the following beneficial effects:
and establishing the localized motor vehicle emission factor data in the low-temperature region by carrying out localized vehicle-mounted experimental research in the low-temperature region. And (3) comparing and analyzing an emission factor library established by a guideline method and an IVE model with an emission factor of a vehicle-mounted experiment, and finally establishing accurate low-temperature area localized motor vehicle emission factor data to prepare basic data for compiling an emission list.
The invention solves the problem that the current research aiming at the pollutant emission list of the motor vehicle in the low-temperature area is relatively deficient, and fully considers the problem that different emission factors obtained by three emission factor calculation methods have differences.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for measuring and calculating an atmospheric pollutant emission factor in a low-temperature region according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a guideline emission factor acquisition route diagram in an embodiment of a method for measuring and calculating an atmospheric pollutant emission factor in a low-temperature region according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a technical route diagram of an IVE-model emission factor simulation in an embodiment of a method for measuring and calculating an atmospheric pollutant emission factor in a low-temperature region according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3: the embodiment discloses a method for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emission factors in a low-temperature area, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining test data of the low-temperature area;
s2, establishing a localization emission factor library based on a guideline method according to the acquired test data;
s3, establishing a localized emission factor library based on the IVE model according to the acquired test data;
s4, obtaining a vehicle-mounted experiment localized emission factor library in a vehicle-mounted test mode;
and S5, comparing the emission factor library established by the guideline method and the IVE model with the emission factor library of the vehicle-mounted experiment to establish a low-temperature region localized motor vehicle emission factor database.
The manner of obtaining the test data of the low-temperature area in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to: road survey, questionnaire survey, and literature survey.
In this embodiment, the acquiring of the test data of the low-temperature area at least includes: vehicle type, fuel type, pollution control technology, vehicle age, vehicle mileage, starting times, environmental parameters and fuel quality;
the system comprises a vehicle, a vehicle monitoring system, a data processing system and a data processing system, wherein the vehicle type, the fuel type, the pollution control technology, the vehicle age, the vehicle driving mileage and the starting frequency information are obtained by a questionnaire issuing mode and a road actual measurement mode;
the environmental parameters and the fuel quality are obtained through monitoring and data research;
the environmental parameters include at least: altitude, temperature, humidity, road grade data.
The guide-based localized emission factor library in the embodiment is used for determining the pollutants CO, HC and NO of the motor vehicle by the guide correction methodXPM2.5 and PM 10.
The principle of localization with the guide provided correction factors in this embodiment is as follows:
Figure BDA0003521530940000051
in the formula, EFi，jThe emission factor of the vehicle type i in the region j; BEFiIs the comprehensive benchmark emission factor of the vehicle type i,
Figure BDA0003521530940000052
the environmental correction factor for region j; gamma rayjThe average speed correction coefficient of the region j; thetaiThe factor is corrected for the requirements of the vehicle type i, and the requirements include vehicle deterioration or fuel quality.
In the embodiment, the establishment of the localized emission factor library by using the IVE model is to simulate the emission factors of the pollutants CO, VOC and NH3 of the motor vehicle by using the IVE model.
In this embodiment, obtaining the basic data that the vehicle emission factor needs to be obtained through the IVE model at least includes: the engine-driven vehicle running condition, the engine-driven vehicle technical parameters, the fuel type, the fuel quality, the starting distribution and the environmental parameters.
In the embodiment, the running condition of the motor vehicle adopts a variable control method to test different roads and different time periods of a low-temperature area city.
The roadside test equipment during road implementation in the embodiment is an HT3000-E mobile high-definition snapshot instrument. The equipment is the most advanced overspeed evidence obtaining product in the field of intelligent transportation in China at present, and has the functions of radar speed measurement, video monitoring, vehicle type identification and traffic flow statistics and a GPS combined mode to carry out vehicle running road two sides and tracking test on the spot.
The vehicle tracking test in the present embodiment includes at least: heavy duty diesel trucks, cars, taxis and buses; the time of the test includes: 7:00-9:00 in the morning, 11:00-12:00 in the noon and 5:30-7:30 in the afternoon.
The vehicle-mounted experiment in the embodiment is to verify the accuracy of the pollutant emission factors of different motor vehicles in the low-temperature region acquired by the guideline method and the IVE model, acquire the emission factors of different pollutants of different types of vehicles running on an actual road through the vehicle-mounted experiment in the low-temperature region, and check the values of the emission factors of the guideline method and the IVE model.
In the embodiment, the vehicle-mounted experiment adopts an SEMTECH DS vehicle-mounted tail gas analysis system produced in America, the instrument is designed according to the requirements of the America EPA 40CFR Part 1065Subpart J, the core analysis module is miniaturized and shockproof, and the precision can reach the precision of laboratory analysis instruments, and the instrument comprises a main control computer, a vehicle-mounted gas emission analyzer, a portable power supply, a GPS (global positioning system) locator, a gas flowmeter and the like. The device measures CO and CO by non-dispersive infrared analysis2Non-dispersive UV analysis method for measuring NO and NO2Electrochemical measurement of O2Content and measuring the exhaust flow with a pitot tube flowmeter to analyze the pollutant mass emission rate.
In the embodiment, the actual running characteristics of the vehicles on different roads are collected through vehicle-mounted experiments, and the portable vehicle-mounted positioner is used for testing the experiments. The device is provided with a Beidou and GPS global positioning system, and once motor vehicle longitude and latitude and real-time speed information are stored and uploaded for about 10 s. Based on a map service provider, the functions of real-time tracking, historical playback and data downloading can be realized. In order to improve the accuracy of test data, two devices are adopted to operate simultaneously so as to realize mutual supplement and verification of data. Through tests, the difference value between the speed data tested by the device and the actual speed of the motor vehicle is within +/-5 km/h, and the testing requirements can be met under typical urban working conditions.
In the embodiment, vehicle-mounted experiments are carried out, and for light gasoline vehicles, the popular soar is selected as a test vehicle. The driver drives the vehicle to normally follow the test road, and the vehicle does not exceed or is not exceeded by most vehicles. The vehicle dynamic performance and operating conditions can represent average light fleet levels in the city of Changchun. And the test obtains the driving characteristic data of working days and rest days of 7: 00-20: 00 of low-temperature urban business areas and residential areas.
In this example, a vehicle-mounted experiment was performed to study a light CNG car represented by the driving characteristics of a taxi. A taxi is randomly selected in a main urban area of a low-temperature city for testing, the type of the taxi is Volkswagen, the type of the fuel is CNG, and meanwhile, a taxi driver is a full-time worker, and the driving habit is representative. The test equipment is installed on a taxi, the taxi normally operates in a low-temperature city, and the equipment is opened after the taxi normally operates, so that running characteristic data of 24 hours continuously are obtained.
In the embodiment, a vehicle-mounted experiment is carried out, and for a bus, a researcher carries an instrument to randomly take the bus in a low-temperature urban area, immediately turns on the instrument after getting on the bus, and turns off the instrument after getting off the bus. The driving characteristics of 6 buses are tested in an accumulated mode, the driving route of the buses is spread from the urban center to the suburbs in a radiation mode, and typical urban roads such as main roads, secondary roads, residential roads and the like are covered.
The guidance in this embodiment refers to "technical guidance (trial) for compiling an atmospheric pollutant emission list of road motor vehicles" issued by the ministry of environmental protection.
Example 2
Taking heavy diesel trucks in Shenyang and Dalian and other low temperature areas as an example, as shown in FIG. 1, a pool of atmospheric pollutants emission factors is established in Shenyang and Dalian and other low temperature areas.
Specifically, required data are obtained by arranging monitoring equipment beside a road, recording data such as traffic flow composition and vehicle speed of typical roads (urban roads, suburban roads and expressways) by adopting an HT 3000E mobile high-definition snapshot instrument, obtaining information such as speed, longitude and latitude, corresponding time information and the like of a target vehicle by utilizing a GPS (global positioning system) test which can be installed on a motor vehicle, screening, supplementing and processing the data, and further obtaining the running conditions of different roads in a low-temperature area.
Specifically, according to the altitude, the temperature and humidity, the fuel quality and the degradation degree of the test vehicle in low-temperature areas such as Shenyang and Dalian, pollutant emission factors of different models of heavy-duty diesel trucks at different average speeds are obtained based on guideline analysis, as shown in FIG. 2 and Table 1.
TABLE 1 guide pollutant discharge factor (winter)
Figure BDA0003521530940000071
Specifically, the motor vehicle activity level information required by the IVE model input is input according to actually measured data, and three road types of a city road, a suburb road and an expressway are selected as typical road segments, so that the emission factors of the atmospheric pollutants of the locally corrected state III, state IV and state V heavy-duty diesel trucks are obtained, as shown in fig. 3 and table 2.
TABLE 2 IVE model emissions factor
Figure BDA0003521530940000072
Figure BDA0003521530940000081
In particular, the emission standard is an important factor influencing the emission factor of a heavy-duty diesel truck, so that the heavy-duty diesel truck of the national III, the national IV and the national V is selected for testing.
Specifically, the vehicle test route should include: the urban road, the suburban road and the expressway are distinguished according to the driving speed of the vehicle:
b) urban road: the average vehicle speed of the vehicle is 15-30 km/h;
c) suburb road: the average speed of the vehicle is 45-70 km/h;
d) an expressway: the average running speed of the vehicle is more than 70 km/h.
Specifically, in the actual driving process of the heavy-duty diesel truck on 3 different urban traffic road sections, the SEMTECH-DS portable exhaust gas measurement system and the PPS Mi2 particulate matter analyzer were used to collect the instantaneous emissions of the vehicle, and the HY 100WS type high-load particulate matter sampler was used to collect the particulate matter film in the vehicle exhaust gas, and the specific data are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 vehicle-mounted test emission factor of heavy-duty diesel truck
Figure BDA0003521530940000082
Example 3
Take light passenger cars and buses in Harbin city as an example.
The speed, longitude and latitude and corresponding time of a target vehicle are obtained through a GPS, the driving characteristic data of the motor vehicle is collected and sorted, and the operation conditions of light passenger vehicles, buses and the like in Harbin cities are obtained.
Specifically, the CO, HC and NO of each pollutant of the motor vehicles which are classified into vehicle types and emission standards and meet the local characteristics of low-temperature regions are obtained by combining the correction calculation of the emission factors of the different types of motor vehicles by the calculation formula of the emission factors in the guideXPM2.5, PM10, etc. 5 are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 emission factor of each vehicle type of gasoline vehicle in Heilongjiang province
Figure BDA0003521530940000091
Specifically, a localized emission factor library is established by adopting an IVE model, and the roadside test equipment performs on-site vehicle driving road bilateral and tracking tests in a mode of combining an HT3000-E mobile high-definition snapshot instrument and a GPS.
HT3000-E mobile high-definition snap cameras are respectively arranged on two sides of the Dongtong street of the Hongbo square of Harbin, No. 243 of the pioneer road of the Nangang region and No. 413 of the Google street.
Specifically, the vehicles for tracking test are light passenger cars, trucks and the like, the test route comprises a loop, a loop and a suburban area of Harbin, and the test time comprises 7:00-9:00 in the morning, 11:00-12:00 in the noon and 5:30-7:30 in the afternoon. Specific data are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 IVE model emissions factor
Figure BDA0003521530940000101
Specifically, in order to verify the accuracy of the pollutant emission factors of different motor vehicles in Heilongjiang province acquired by the guideline method and the IVE model, the emission factors of different pollutants of different types of vehicles running on an actual road are acquired through a vehicle-mounted experiment carried out on Harbin, and the emission factor values of the guideline method and the IVE model are verified and checked. Specific data are shown in table 6:
TABLE 6 vehicle test emission factor
Figure BDA0003521530940000102
Figure BDA0003521530940000111
The technical principles of the present invention have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the principles of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive efforts, which shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emission factors in low-temperature areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining test data of the low-temperature area;
s2, establishing a localization emission factor library based on a guideline method according to the acquired test data;
s3, establishing a localized emission factor library based on the IVE model according to the acquired test data;
s4, obtaining a vehicle-mounted experiment localized emission factor library in a vehicle-mounted test mode;
and S5, comparing the emission factor library established by the guideline method and the IVE model with the emission factor library of the vehicle-mounted experiment to establish a low-temperature region localized motor vehicle emission factor database.
2. The method of claim 1,
the manner of acquiring the test data of the low-temperature region includes but is not limited to: road survey, questionnaire survey, and literature survey.
3. The method of claim 1,
the acquiring of the test data of the low-temperature area at least comprises the following steps: vehicle type, fuel type, pollution control technology, vehicle age, vehicle mileage, starting times, environmental parameters and fuel quality;
the system comprises a vehicle, a vehicle monitoring system, a data processing system and a data processing system, wherein the vehicle type, the fuel type, the pollution control technology, the vehicle age, the vehicle driving mileage and the starting frequency information are obtained by a questionnaire issuing mode and a road actual measurement mode;
the environmental parameters and the fuel quality are obtained through monitoring and data research;
the environmental parameters include at least: altitude, temperature, humidity, road grade data.
4. The method of claim 1,
the localization emission factor library based on the guideline method is used for determining the pollutants CO, HC and NO of the motor vehicle by the guideline correction methodXPM2.5 and PM 10.
5. The method of claim 4,
the principle of providing correction factors for localization in conjunction with the guidelines is as follows:
Figure FDA0003521530930000011
in the formula, EFi，jThe emission factor of the vehicle type i in the region j; BEFiIs the comprehensive benchmark emission factor of the vehicle type i,
Figure FDA0003521530930000012
the environmental correction factor for region j; gamma rayjThe average speed correction coefficient of the region j; thetaiThe factor is corrected for the requirements of the vehicle type i, and the requirements include vehicle deterioration or fuel quality.
6. The method of claim 1,
the method for establishing the localized emission factor library by adopting the IVE model is to simulate the pollutants of the motor vehicle such as CO, VOC and NH by adopting the IVE model3The emission factor of (1).
7. The method of claim 6,
the basic data required to be acquired by acquiring the vehicle emission factor through the IVE model at least comprises the following steps: the engine-driven vehicle running condition, the engine-driven vehicle technical parameters, the fuel type, the fuel quality, the starting distribution and the environmental parameters.
8. The method of claim 7,
the running condition of the motor vehicle adopts a variable control method to test different roads and different time periods of the low-temperature area city.
9. The method for measuring and calculating according to claim 3, wherein the roadside testing equipment for road implementation is HT3000-E mobile high-definition capturing device.
10. The method for measuring and calculating according to claim 9, characterized in that tracking the tested vehicle comprises at least: heavy duty diesel trucks, cars, taxis and buses;
the time of the test includes: 7:00-9:00 in the morning, 11:00-12:00 in the noon and 5:30-7:30 in the afternoon.
CN202210178928.3A 2022-02-25 2022-02-25 Method for measuring and calculating atmospheric pollutant emission factor in low-temperature area Pending CN114610695A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117074046A (en) * 2023-10-12 2023-11-17 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 Automobile laboratory emission test method and device in plateau environment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117074046A (en) * 2023-10-12 2023-11-17 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 Automobile laboratory emission test method and device in plateau environment
CN117074046B (en) * 2023-10-12 2024-01-02 中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司 Automobile laboratory emission test method and device in plateau environment

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