CN114609835B - Liquid crystal zoom curved lens, preparation method thereof and imaging system - Google Patents
Liquid crystal zoom curved lens, preparation method thereof and imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid crystal zoom curved lens, a preparation method thereof and an imaging system, wherein the liquid crystal zoom curved lens comprises the following components: the inner and outer curved surface lenses are prepared by a mould pressing method, initial arrangement of liquid crystal is set by means of the orientation layer, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal is controlled by sputtering and cutting the formed Fresnel ring belt electrode, so that convergence or divergence of light beams is caused, and continuous and accurate focal length change is realized. The invention not only discloses a design and preparation method of the liquid crystal zoom curved lens, but also develops design and use methods of devices for clamping, focal length measurement, imaging detection and the like of the curved lens. The liquid crystal zooming curved lens has the advantages of strong zooming capability, low driving voltage, thinness, smallness, simple and convenient manufacture and the like, can adapt to diopter and zooming regulation in a positive and negative range, and has a revelation effect on the expansion of continuous controllable zooming of an industrial vision detection lens, a corneal contact lens and a telescopic system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of liquid crystal lenses, in particular to a liquid crystal zoom curved lens, a preparation method thereof and an imaging system.
Background
Myopia and presbyopia are vision problems that people pay attention to all the time, and with the vigorous development of science and technology, spectacles for vision correction come up endlessly. However, these glasses often have only a single diopter, and obviously cannot satisfy different vision requirements when looking far and near. Although the optical zoom system has been used for a long time, the conventional optical zoom imaging system is a multi-layer combined glasses which changes the focal length by mechanical motion, and has the disadvantages of heavy volume, small zoom range, slow response speed and the like.
The electric control liquid crystal varifocus glasses developed in recent years have important significance for improving the observation capability of human eyes. Chinese patent CN 102608814 a discloses a continuous zooming fresnel lens, which realizes a larger zooming capability by etching electrodes of fresnel zone structure and independently electrically controlling different stages of bands. Chinese patent CN 111381395 a discloses an electrically controlled continuous zoom lens, which is also based on the fresnel waveband structure design to continuously electrically control the focal length of the liquid crystal cell, and uses a mixed liquid crystal to increase the response speed of the liquid crystal cell.
The two schemes make breakthroughs in the aspects of zooming capability, response speed and the like, the former has flexibility by means of a Fresnel electrode two-stage regulation mode, but the voltage control is more complex; the latter is based on the combination of parallel plate liquid crystal box and Fresnel ring, usually only one of convex lens or concave lens can be obtained, the zoom capability is limited, it is difficult to satisfy the refractive requirements of myopia and presbyopia, and the problems of large size, high power consumption and the like exist. Furthermore, consumers are increasingly demanding variable focus contact lenses in view of the problems of inadequate convenience and concealment of spectacle frames, and the impact on the surface profile over extended periods of wear. In addition, the problems of slow mechanical driving response, heavy volume, discontinuous zooming and the like commonly existing in the current industrial zoom lens are urgently overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid crystal zooming curved lens, a preparation method thereof and an imaging system aiming at solving the technical problems of the current liquid crystal lens, can realize continuous electric control zooming of an industrial vision detection lens and a corneal contact lens, and has the advantages of strong zooming capability, low driving voltage, lightness, thinness, smallness, simple and convenient manufacture and the like.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the scheme of the invention is as follows: a liquid crystal variable focal length curved lens comprising:
the liquid crystal display comprises an outer curved surface lens and an inner curved surface lens, wherein a liquid crystal layer is packaged between the outer curved surface lens and the inner curved surface lens; an outer electrode is arranged on one side of the outer curved lens close to the liquid crystal layer, and an inner electrode is arranged on one side of the inner curved lens close to the liquid crystal layer;
the outer electrode and the inner electrode form an electrode layer, and the electrode layers are transparent conductive layers and are used for controlling the distribution of electric field intensity in the liquid crystal layer; the outer electrode is provided with a Fresnel annular pattern matched with the outer curved surface lens; the inner electrode is provided with a Fresnel annular pattern matched with the inner curved surface lens; the outer electrode and the inner electrode are centered and arranged in an anti-parallel mode according to the pin direction; the electrode layer is arranged into annular electrodes which are symmetrical along the axis, the annular electrodes are provided with gaps, pins are respectively led out from two sides of the gaps, and the included angle between the two pins of the annular electrodes is larger than 15 degrees so as to adapt to the contour of the curved lens and avoid overlapping; continuously changing voltage can be applied to each pin of the outer electrode and the inner electrode to control the focal length of the lens;
the liquid crystal layer is a mixed liquid crystal used for changing the optical focal length, and the molecular orientation of the liquid crystal layer is regulated and controlled by electric field distribution; packaging glue is uniformly distributed on the periphery of the packaging film;
the orientation layer is a transparent polymer deposited on the surface of the electrode layer close to the liquid crystal layer and is used for ensuring the initial orientation and distribution of molecules of the liquid crystal layer.
Furthermore, the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens are selected from soft polymers including polydimethylsiloxane and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and the liquid crystal zoom curved lens is wrapped by silicon hydrogel.
Furthermore, the material of the electrode layer is selected from a transparent conductive film with the transmittance of more than 80% to visible light or an opaque metal foil with the radius of a central light-transmitting area occupying 1/4-1/2 of the radius of the lens.
Furthermore, the liquid crystal layer is a mixed liquid crystal with permeability, and the temperature range of the liquid crystal state covers the normal temperature, and the difference of the refractive indexes of the ordinary light and the extraordinary light is 0.1-0.25.
Furthermore, the caliber of the liquid crystal zoom curved lens suitable for industry is 25-80 mm; the aperture of the liquid crystal zooming curved lens suitable for human eyes is smaller than 15 mm, and the thickness of the liquid crystal zooming curved lens suitable for human eyes is smaller than 0.3 mm.
Further, the minimum line width of the electrode layer is not less than 0.1 mm; and the width of a common lead of the pin in the electrode layer is not less than 3 mm.
The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for preparing a liquid crystal zoom curved lens, which adopts a preparation scheme that each lens and each electrode are separately molded, then each lens and each electrode are assembled, and liquid crystal is filled in the lens and each electrode, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): designing and processing a mould of the curved lens;
step (2): fully stirring and mixing the soft polymer and the curing liquid according to the mass ratio of 10:1 to obtain soft polymer mixed liquid; injecting the soft polymer mixed solution into the mould of the curved lens obtained in the step (1), and carrying out compression molding to obtain an inner curved lens and an outer curved lens; uniformly spin-coating uncured soft polymers on the inner surfaces of the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens to obtain the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens which are coated with glue;
and (3): cutting the shape of the electrode, respectively attaching the electrode to the glued inner and outer curved lenses in a centering manner, and hot-pressing to attach the electrode to the inner and outer curved lenses;
and (4): carrying out plasma treatment on the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens covered with the electrodes obtained in the step (3), uniformly coating an orientation layer on the inner surface of the inner curved surface lens, and carrying out one-way friction on the surface of the orientation layer after semi-hardening to form scratches which are consistent in orientation and uniform in distribution; finally, hardening the inner and outer curved lenses coated with the orientation layer through plasma treatment;
and (5): liquid crystal filling and packaging: arranging packaging glue at the edge of the curved lens, injecting the liquid crystal subjected to vacuum bubble removal between the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens before the packaging glue is completely cured, aligning the two lenses in an anti-parallel mode according to the pin direction of the electrode layer, extruding and packaging the two lenses into a whole, uniformly coating silicon hydrogel coatings on the surfaces of the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens and the side surfaces of the electrode layer and the orientation layer, and leading out a lead from the electrode layer to obtain the liquid crystal zooming curved lens.
Further, in the step (1), the size parameters including the curvature radius, the diameter and the thickness of the lens are reversely determined according to diopter, and a base cambered surface mold serving as a male mold and an optical surface mold serving as a female mold corresponding to the inner and outer curved surface lenses are respectively designed.
A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides an imaging system, including the liquid crystal zoom curved lens or the liquid crystal zoom curved lens manufactured by the manufacturing method.
The fourth aspect of the embodiment of the invention provides an application of the liquid crystal zoom curved lens or the liquid crystal zoom curved lens prepared by the preparation method in an industrial visual inspection lens or a zoom corneal contact lens.
The liquid crystal zoom curved lens disclosed by the invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:
(1) stronger human eye environmental adaptability. The precise size design based on the eyeball contour, the compatible zoom range, the high light transmittance and flexible lens material, the low-voltage driving circuit, the lens with good biocompatibility, the packaging material and the like are favorable for realizing the use in the human eye environment.
(2) Flexible designability. The invention discloses a plurality of design examples to meet the requirements of different crowds on vision correction, and improves the applicability of a variable-focus liquid crystal contact lens; the continuous controllability of the visual optical zooming is realized and the accurate formulation of the zooming range is also considered by adjusting the sizes of the lens such as the curvature radius, the thickness and the like and screening the liquid crystal within a specific birefringence range.
(3) The zoom range is wide, diopters of 1-3 times of the unpowered state can be obtained after the power is on, the specific zoom effect can be customized and optimized, the observation requirements of objects with different visual distances can be met, and meanwhile, the liquid crystal electro-optical characteristic-based regulation and control scheme has great potential in the aspects of integrating multifunctional contact lenses such as zooming, telescope and detection; the lens has the advantages of low driving voltage, thinness, compactness, simplicity and convenience in manufacturing and the like, can adapt to diopter and zoom regulation in a positive and negative range, and has a revelation effect on expanding continuous controllable zooming and compact design of a visual detection lens, a corneal contact lens and a telescopic system.
(4) The liquid crystal display combines the electrical and visual optical characteristics of the mixed liquid crystal and the transparent electrode film, can make sensitive response to low-voltage stimulation, effectively reduces the power consumption of driving zooming, and simultaneously ensures the use safety.
(5) The flexible curved lens is light, thin and portable, simple in structure and simple and convenient in processing method, can be applied to existing flexible curved lens production equipment, and effectively reduces manufacturing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal zoom curved mirror according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the preparation of a liquid crystal variable focal length curved mirror;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a Fresnel zone electrode adapted to the curved surface of the lens;
FIG. 4 is a focal length measurement experiment platform corresponding to the liquid crystal zoom curved lens;
FIG. 5 is a holder suitable for a liquid crystal variable focal length curved lens;
FIG. 6 is an imaging detection experiment platform based on a liquid crystal zoom curved lens;
in the figure, 1-liquid crystal varifocal curved lens; 111-an outer curve lens; 121-outer electrodes; 122-an inner electrode; 131-an upper orientation layer; 112-inner curve lens; 132-a lower electrode; 140-packaging glue; 150-a liquid crystal layer; 21-he-ne laser; 22-a spatial filter; 23-a beam expander; 24-a diaphragm; 25-a polarizer; 26-an analyzer; 27-a light intensity detector; 28-digital display power supply; 29-a slide rail; 3-a curved lens holder; 31-a mirror holder; 32-a mirror cover; 33-a threaded hole; 34, a latch; 35-wire guides; 41-parallel white light; 42 diaphragm; 43-resolution test plate; 44-convex lens; 45-CD camera; 5-base arc mode; 6-optical mode.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description is further described with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
The invention discloses a liquid crystal zooming curved lens, a preparation method thereof and an imaging system, which can be divided into a curved lens, a zooming corneal contact lens, a telescopic zooming lens system and an industrial vision detection lens according to the functionality, so as to widely adapt to different size specifications and application scenes and different requirements of myopia and hyperopia zooming, and the common structure of the liquid crystal zooming curved lens is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following components: the liquid crystal display device comprises an outer curved lens 111, an outer electrode layer 121, an upper alignment layer 131, a liquid crystal layer 150, a lower electrode 132, an inner electrode 122 and an inner curved lens 112 which are distributed from top to bottom.
The outer curved lens 111 is a lens close to the object to be observed; the curvature radius can be set according to the diopter size and the positive and negative of the target zooming, and the caliber is determined according to the application requirements of a corneal contact lens, a telescope and an industrial lens.
The electrode layer is a transparent conductive layer between the lens and the liquid crystal and is used for controlling the electric field intensity distribution in the liquid crystal layer; the electrode layer is provided with a Fresnel annular pattern matched with the outer curved lens or the surface of the outer curved lens; the electrode layer is composed of an outer electrode 121 and an inner electrode 122, the two electrodes are arranged in a centering and anti-parallel mode, and a precise power supply is connected. Continuously varying voltage signals are applied to the electrode layers to control the focal length of the liquid crystal layer.
The liquid crystal layer 150 is a mixed liquid crystal for changing the apparent optical focal length of the lens system, and the molecular orientation of the mixed liquid crystal is regulated by electric field distribution; the periphery of the liquid crystal layer is uniformly distributed with the packaging glue 140, and the liquid crystal is sealed by the packaging glue 140 to prevent the liquid crystal from leaking.
The alignment layer is composed of an upper alignment layer 131 and a lower electrode 132, and is a transparent polymer deposited on the surface of the electrode to ensure the initial orientation and distribution of molecules of the liquid crystal layer;
the inner curved lens 112 is a lens close to the observer side; the curvature radius can be set according to the diopter size and the positive and negative performance of the target zooming, and is consistent with the caliber of the outer curved surface lens, but the diopter is different.
Different from the traditional zoom lens, the liquid crystal zoom curved lens disclosed by the invention lays the optical zoom reference by taking the sizes of the inner and outer curved lenses as important design parameters, particularly the curvature radius and the central thickness of the lens, and the physical properties of the size, the refractive index and the like of the liquid crystal layer are key factors for determining the zoom capability, and meanwhile, the integration scheme of the multilayer lens further improves the zoom effect.
When the size parameters of the curved lens are designed, the diopter of the curved lens to visible light is used as a reference basis, and the lens is reversely designed according to the theoretical focal length. Because the front and back optical surface curvature radiuses of the inner curved surface lens, the outer curved surface lens and the liquid crystal layer in the lens group are different, the lens group has the refractive power, and the respective diopter needs to be calculated independently, and the formula is as follows:
wherein
、
The central curvature radius of the front and back optical surfaces of the lens,
is the thickness of the center of the lens,
is the refractive index of the lens itself and,
is the refractive index of the incident light in the medium in front of the curved lens.
The final overall diopter of the liquid crystal zoom curved lens is obtained by adding the diopters of the inner lens, the outer lens and the liquid crystal layer, and the diopters are ignored because the rest transparent conducting layers, the orientation layers and the like are thin and the front and rear optical surfaces have no large curvature change. In fact, due to the influence of the thickness of the multiple lenses, the optical axis and the optical path are greatly deviated, and the total diopter is deviated from the theoretical value. Through comparison of Zemax numerical software simulation and a theoretical formula for many times, the total diopter of the liquid crystal zoom curved lens can be corrected as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively the visual optical focal lengths of the inner lens layer and the outer lens layer,
the apparent optical focal length of the liquid crystal layer. Constant number
The value of the correction coefficient obtained by considering optical simulation is generally within 1.1-1.4, and is influenced by the central thickness proportion of the inner and outer curved lenses to the liquid crystal layer, and the higher the thickness proportion of the inner and outer curved lenses in the whole is, the larger the correction coefficient is.
Preferably, the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens are selected from soft polymers with better ductility, including PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and the outside of the liquid crystal varifocal curved lens is wrapped with silicon hydrogel with good biocompatibility.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the electrode layer is configured as a ring-shaped electrode, and the material of the electrode layer is selected from a transparent conductive film with a transmittance of more than 80% for visible light, and an opaque metal foil with a central light-transmitting area radius occupying 1/4-1/2 of the lens diameter; the electrodes are symmetrical along the axis, and the included angle of the two pins is larger than 15 degrees so as to adapt to the contour of the curved lens and avoid overlapping. The angle is the minimum value of the two pins obtained by modeling without overlapping. Or one pin is taken as a straight line and the radius of the curve of the other pin is taken as a radius of the curve for realizing the complete coverage of the curved surfaces of the lenses without overlapping
And the included angle of tangent lines of the two pins
Radius of base arc of curved lens
And in the lensAzimuth of heart
Satisfies the following conditions:
furthermore, the annular electrode can be a conductive thin film such as silver nanowire, ITO and the like, the light transmittance in the visible light range is more than 80%, and a metal foil formed by evaporation or sputtering can also be used, but the diameter of the light transmission area at the center is ensured to be not less than 6 mm (the general diameter of the pupil). In the disclosed embodiment of the invention, a nano silver wire conductive transparent conductive film with the thickness of 0.05 μm is mainly adopted, the size and the pattern of the electrode are reversely designed according to the target focal length, and the electrode is formed by means of laser cutting or etching.
Furthermore, the annular electrodes are two and are respectively tightly attached to the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens, parameters such as the radius, the ring width and the like of the electrodes are designed according to the principle of a Fresnel ring, all Fresnel rings are concentric and fit with the contours of the inner contact lens and the outer contact lens, and all Fresnel rings are connected through a common pin and connected into a circuit.
By optical effects of the Fresnel zone, by the refractive index of the planar lens
Wavelength of incident light
And focal length
Determining the Fresnel zone numberIRing inner diameter:
and the firstiOuter diameter of the ring:
preferably, the liquid crystal layer is a mixed liquid crystal with permeability, and the temperature range of the liquid crystal state covers the normal temperature, and the difference between the refractive indexes of the ordinary light and the extraordinary light is 0.1-0.25. The invention mainly adopts BHR28100-400 type mixed liquid crystal produced by Beijing eight billion space-time liquid crystal technology GmbH, and the difference between the refractive index of ordinary light and that of extraordinary light is 0.23.
Preferably, the alignment layer is a polyimide solution or PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) with low viscosity, which needs to ensure a certain light transmittance, and the higher the viscosity of the alignment liquid, the longer the spin coating speed and time, and the plasma treatment and baking time. The invention mainly adopts 3022L type low viscosity polyimide solution of Beijing Bomi science and technology Limited, the surface of the lens is treated by plasma, the solution is coated evenly by a glue spreader, and after being baked and cured, a fluff brush is used for forming texture in an oriented way.
Preferably, the caliber of the liquid crystal zoom curved lens suitable for industry is 25-80 mm, and the liquid crystal zoom curved lens is matched with the interface of the current industrial camera; the aperture of the zoom contact lens suitable for human eyes is less than 15 mm, and the total thickness is less than 0.3 mm so as to meet the size index of the contact lens; the minimum line width of the electrode pattern is not less than 0.1 mm so as to ensure good isolation between the electrode patterns, and the width of the public lead is not less than 3 mm so as to be convenient for electrical connection with the outside.
Further, the packaging glue is preferably silicon rubber or mixed glue consisting of ultraviolet glue and thermosensitive glue. The glue layer must be uniform and fine, and the monofilament diameter should not exceed 2 mm. In order to ensure the uniformity, fineness and accuracy of glue printing, a printing path is designed, and the glue printing is performed by a direct-writing 3D printer as much as possible.
Example one
Based on the zooming requirements of lenses such as a video camera, an industrial camera lens and the like, the invention discloses a liquid crystal zooming curved lens, the diameter of the lens is generally 25-80 mm, and the following steps are carried out according to the flow shown in figure 2:
step (1): the method comprises the steps of designing a mold of a curved lens, reversely determining size parameters such as curvature radius, diameter and thickness of the lens according to diopter, and designing a base arc mold 5 (male mold) and an optical mold 6 (female mold) respectively, wherein the molds of the inner curved lens and the outer curved lens need to be designed separately, the molds are obtained by means of CNC precision metal processing, and the surfaces of the inner curved lens and the outer curved lens need to be ground by an electric grinder to improve the degree of finish.
Step (2): mixing PDMS precursor liquid (kang dao ning 184) and curing liquid according to a mass ratio of 10:1, placing the mixture in a centrifuge to stir at 2000-5000 rpm for more than one minute, injecting the mixture into a curved surface mold, placing the curved surface mold in a vacuum box to fully remove bubbles, pressing a male mold and a female mold, baking the male mold and the female mold in an oven at 65 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling the mold, removing burrs of a lens, performing ultrasonic cleaning treatment to obtain an (inner) outer contact lens, placing the lens into the male mold and the female mold of the contact lens respectively according to the roughness, dripping uncured PDMS mixed liquid as an adhesive, uniformly coating the mixture on a spin coater at a speed of 3000-5000 rpm for half minute, placing the mixture into the oven at 65 ℃ for baking for 20 minutes, and taking out the mixture so as to paste an electrode.
And (3): cutting the shape of the electrode according to a drawing, attaching the electrode to the glued curved lens in a centering way by means of a mould, and then putting the lens into an oven to be hot-pressed for more than 1 hour at 65 ℃ so that the electrode is attached to the outline of the lens.
And (4): and (3) carrying out plasma treatment on the inner curved lens and the outer curved lens covered with the electrodes obtained in the step (3) for 5 minutes at 40-100W, coating an orientation layer on the surface of the curved lens covered with the electrodes, wherein the orientation layer is usually made of PI (polyimide), an even coating can be formed at 3000-4000 rpm, and then a stepper motor is used for driving a fluff brush to rub the surface of the orientation layer to form scratches which are consistent in orientation and even in distribution. Baking in an oven for 10 minutes, taking out and carrying out plasma treatment for 5 minutes to harden the inner and outer curved lenses coated with the orientation layers.
And (5): injecting liquid crystal and packaging, namely, using a direct-writing 3D printer to print a circle of silicon rubber on the edge of the curved lens, before the silicon rubber is completely cured, injecting the liquid crystal with vacuumed bubbles removed between the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens, then aligning the two lenses in an anti-parallel mode according to the pin direction of the electrode layer, extruding and packaging the two lenses into a whole by using a mold, making a silicon hydrogel coating on the surfaces of the lenses, leading out a lead from the electrode of the curved lens, and connecting the lead into a circuit to form the liquid crystal curved lens with controllable zooming.
The present embodiment is applied to a focal length measurement experiment platform of a liquid crystal zoom curved lens, and includes a he — ne laser 21 (632.8 nm), a spatial filter 22, a beam expander 23, a diaphragm 24, a polarizer 25, a liquid crystal zoom curved lens 1 (liquid crystal, LC), a curved lens holder 3, an analyzer 26, a light intensity detector 27, a digital display power supply 28, and a slide rail 29, which are arranged in sequence, as shown in fig. 4. When the straight light beam is emitted from the He-Ne laser, the light beam is collimated by the spatial filter and then is adjusted to be consistent with the size of the zooming curved lens through the beam expanding lens and the diaphragm. In order to reduce the light intensity for observation, linear polaroids are arranged in front of and behind the zoom curved lens to be detected and are respectively used as a polarizer and an analyzer, and the polarization direction is 45 degrees with the friction orientation direction of the lens, namely the two polaroids are perpendicular to each other. The focus of the curved lens is the maximum point of light intensity, and is captured by the light intensity detector on the slide rail, and when the power supply is switched on, the position of the focus (maximum light intensity) moves, so that the change of the focal length can be recorded. It should be noted that each optical element needs to be strictly centered and parallel to the sliding rail. By applying different voltages, the relationship between the voltage and the focal length and diopter multiple of the liquid crystal zoom curved lens shown in the following table 1 is obtained.
Table 1: liquid crystal zooming curved lens measurement experiment data table
As shown in table 1 above, the liquid crystal zoom curved lens provided by the present invention has a wide zoom range, and can obtain diopters 1-3 times of those in the non-energized state after being energized.
Example two
The corneal contact lenses for improving myopia or hyperopia are different in terms of the design parameters of the inner and outer corneal contact lenses according to the requirements of vision correction, for example, the zoom contact lens for correcting myopia is composed of a convex outer contact lens, a concave liquid crystal layer and a convex inner contact lens, and the zoom contact lens for correcting hyperopia is composed of a concave outer contact lens, a convex liquid crystal layer and a concave inner contact lens. However, both follow the same manufacturing flow except for the differences on the lens mold:
the invention discloses a liquid crystal zoom contact lens and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step (1): the mould of the cornea contact lens is designed, the size parameters of curvature radius, diameter, thickness and the like of the lens are reversely determined according to diopter, a base arc surface mould (male mould) and an optical surface mould (female mould) are respectively designed, the moulds of the inner contact lens and the outer contact lens are separately designed, the mould is obtained by means of CNC (computerized numerical control) precision metal processing (the highest precision of the CNC precision metal processing reaches 0.025 mm), and the surface is ground by an electric grinder to improve the finish.
Step (2): mixing the prepared PDMS precursor solution (Kangdanning 184) and the curing solution according to the mass ratio of 10:1, placing the mixture in a centrifuge to stir at 2000-5000 rpm for more than one minute, injecting the mixture into a contact lens mold, placing the contact lens mold in a vacuum box to fully remove bubbles, pressing a male mold and a female mold, baking the contact lens mold in an oven at 65 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling the contact lens mold, drawing the mold, removing burrs of the lens, performing ultrasonic cleaning treatment to obtain an (inner) outer contact lens, respectively placing the lens into the male mold and the female mold of the contact lens according to the concavity and convexity, dripping uncured PDMS mixed solution as an adhesive, uniformly coating the mixture on a spin coater at 3000-5000 rpm for half a minute, placing the coated lens in the oven at 65 ℃ for 20 minutes, and taking out the coated lens so as to conveniently stick electrodes.
And (3): cutting the shape of the electrode according to the drawing, attaching the electrode to the glued contact lens in a centering manner by means of a mold, and then putting the contact lens into an oven to be hot-pressed for more than 1 hour at 80 ℃ so that the electrode is attached to the contour of the contact lens.
And (4): and (4) carrying out 40-100W plasma treatment on the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens covered with the electrodes obtained in the step (3) for 5 minutes, coating an orientation layer on the surface of the corneal contact lens covered with the electrodes, wherein the orientation layer is usually made of PI (polyimide), and can form a uniform coating at 3000-4000 rpm, and a stepper motor is used for driving a fluff brush to rub the surface of the PI layer to form scratches which are consistent in orientation and are uniformly distributed. Baking in an oven for 10 minutes, taking out and carrying out plasma treatment for 5 minutes to harden the inner and outer curved lenses coated with the orientation layers.
And (5): injecting liquid crystal and packaging, namely, utilizing a direct-writing 3D printer to print a circle of silicon rubber at the edge of the corneal contact lens, injecting liquid crystal with vacuumed bubbles removed into a space between an outer curved surface lens and an inner curved surface lens by a pipette before the silicon rubber is completely cured, then aligning two lenses in an anti-parallel mode according to the pin direction of an electrode layer, extruding and packaging the two lenses into a whole by virtue of a mold, making a silicon hydrogel coating on the surfaces of the lenses, leading out a lead from an electrode of the corneal contact lens, and connecting the lead into a circuit to form a controllable zooming contact lens group.
The liquid crystal zoom curved lens shown in the following table 2 is obtained by performing a focal length test through a focal length measurement experiment platform of the liquid crystal zoom curved lens shown in fig. 4 and applying different voltages.
Table 2: liquid crystal zooming corneal contact lens measurement experiment data table
The minimum driving voltage of liquid crystal corneal contact lens is 1.6V
As shown in table 2 above, the liquid crystal zoom curved lens provided by the present invention has a wider zoom range.
The invention also discloses a holder 3 suitable for the zoom curved lens, which can be compatible with the prior optical lens bracket, slide rail and the like. Since the curved lenses, especially the zoom lenses, in the above embodiments are soft, light and thin, and the frame based on the hard lenses is no longer suitable, the embodiment of the present invention provides a frame capable of locking the soft lenses, which includes a lens holder 31, a lens cover 32, a threaded hole 33, a latch 34, a wire hole 35, and the like, as shown in fig. 5. The upper surface of the lens support 31 is provided with a hollow round shell-shaped protrusion matched with the outline of the curved lens, the liquid crystal zooming curved lens 1 is fixed in the lens support 31 to avoid damaging the lens, and a threaded hole 33 formed in the lens support can be connected into a sliding rail or an optical platform through a connecting rod. The mirror support 31 is connected to the mirror cover 32 via a latch 34. The bottom of the mirror cover 32 is provided with a plurality of wire holes 35. The lead wire connected with the electrode layer in the liquid crystal zooming curved lens 1 passes through the lead wire hole 35 of the lens cover to ensure the circuit communication of the liquid crystal curved lens. In order to ensure the electrical isolation between the liquid crystal curved lens and the holder, the embodiment of the invention prepares the holder made of the resin material by a 3D printing technology.
EXAMPLE III
The invention further discloses an imaging detection system for tiny workpieces or long-distance observation, in order to obtain good exit pupil effect, the aperture of the curved lens on the imaging side is set to be the size of the pupil, and the imaging function of continuous zooming can be realized based on the mode that the zoom corneal contact lens in the second embodiment is matched with the industrial lens. The imaging detection system is essentially a device capable of realizing telescope or image magnification, and the invention adopts a construction scheme of a Galileo type telescope to obtain an upright magnified image. The scheme develops an approach for the intellectualization and the precision of the surface defects of the workpiece and the long-distance observation of the scenery through manual detection and machine identification.
In the concave zoom contact lens disclosed in the second embodiment, when a convex lens is fixed to the object side so that the focal points of the convex lens and the convex lens are substantially overlapped, the image magnification is the ratio of the focal lengths of the convex lens and the concave lens. The convex lens is selected according to the initial focal length of the concave varifocal contact lens, the focal length value is equal to the distance between the centers of the two lenses plus the absolute value of the focal length of the concave varifocal contact lens, and for convenience, the conventional convex lens near the focal length value is mainly selected. After the concave zoom contact lens is electrified, the focal length of the concave zoom contact lens is continuously changed along with the voltage, so that the magnification of the imaging system is also continuously changed. The two lenses need to be placed in a strict centering mode, the two optical axes are horizontal and collinear, and if the distance between the lenses is too large, the distance can be shortened through reflection by using reflectors with two opposite surfaces.
The imaging detection experiment platform applied to the liquid crystal zoom curved lens in the embodiment comprises parallel white light 41, a diaphragm 42, a resolution test board (1951 USAF) 43, a convex lens 44, the liquid crystal zoom curved lens 1, a CCD camera 45, a digital display power supply 28 and a slide rail 29 which are sequentially arranged, as shown in fig. 6. The parallel white light emitted by the lamp tube sequentially passes through the resolution test board, the convex lens and the liquid crystal zooming curved lens 1, so that an enlarged resolution stripe is formed in the CCD camera. The liquid crystal refraction changes along with the voltage, and the fringe image passing through the contact lens also changes correspondingly, so that the magnification factor of the telescopic system is measured. The resolution test board in the experiment platform can be correspondingly replaced by a workpiece to be tested, and an image processing system is additionally arranged at the image receiving end so as to realize industrial application.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; while the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (10)
1. A liquid crystal variable focal length curved lens, comprising:
the liquid crystal display comprises an outer curved surface lens and an inner curved surface lens, wherein a liquid crystal layer is packaged between the outer curved surface lens and the inner curved surface lens; an outer electrode is arranged on one side of the outer curved lens close to the liquid crystal layer, and an inner electrode is arranged on one side of the inner curved lens close to the liquid crystal layer;
the outer electrode and the inner electrode form an electrode layer, and the electrode layer is a transparent conductive layer and is used for controlling the electric field intensity distribution in the liquid crystal layer; the outer electrode is provided with a Fresnel annular pattern matched with the outer curved surface lens; the inner electrode is provided with a Fresnel annular pattern matched with the inner curved surface lens; the outer electrode and the inner electrode are centered and arranged in an anti-parallel mode according to the pin direction; the outer electrode and the inner electrode are both arranged into annular electrodes which are symmetrical along the axis, the annular electrodes are provided with gaps, pins are respectively led out from two sides of the gaps, and the included angle of the two pins of the annular electrodes is more than 15 degrees so as to adapt to the contour of the curved lens and avoid overlapping; continuously changing voltage can be applied to each pin of the outer electrode and the inner electrode to control the focal length of the lens;
the liquid crystal layer is a mixed liquid crystal used for changing the optical focal length, and the molecular orientation of the liquid crystal layer is regulated and controlled by electric field distribution; the periphery of the packaging material is uniformly distributed with packaging glue;
the orientation layer is a transparent polymer deposited on the surface of the electrode layer close to the liquid crystal layer and is used for ensuring the initial orientation and distribution of molecules of the liquid crystal layer.
2. The liquid crystal variable focal length curved lens of claim 1, wherein the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens are selected from soft polymers including polydimethylsiloxane and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and the liquid crystal variable focal length curved lens is further wrapped with silicone hydrogel.
3. The liquid crystal variable focal length curved lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrode layer is made of a transparent conductive film having a transmittance of 80% or more with respect to visible light or an opaque metal foil having a central light-transmitting area with a radius of 1/4-1/2.
4. The liquid crystal variable focal length curved lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal mixture having a permeability, and the temperature range of the liquid crystal state covers a room temperature, and the difference between the refractive indexes of the ordinary light and the extraordinary light is 0.1-0.25.
5. The liquid crystal varifocal curved lens according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the industrially applicable liquid crystal varifocal curved lens is 25-80 mm; the aperture of the liquid crystal zooming curved lens suitable for human eyes is smaller than 15 mm, and the thickness of the liquid crystal zooming curved lens suitable for human eyes is smaller than 0.3 mm.
6. The liquid crystal variable focal length curved lens according to claim 1, wherein the electrode layer has a minimum line width of not less than 0.1 mm; and the width of a common lead of the pin in the electrode layer is not less than 3 mm.
7. The method for preparing the liquid crystal varifocal curved lens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a preparation scheme that each lens and each electrode are formed independently, then each lens and each electrode are assembled, and finally liquid crystal is filled is adopted, comprises the following steps:
step (1): designing and processing a mould of the curved lens;
step (2): fully stirring and mixing the soft polymer and the curing liquid according to the mass ratio of 10:1 to obtain soft polymer mixed liquid; injecting the soft polymer mixed solution into the mould of the curved lens obtained in the step (1), and carrying out compression molding to obtain an inner curved lens and an outer curved lens; uniformly spin-coating uncured soft polymers on the inner surfaces of the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens to obtain the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens which are coated with glue;
and (3): cutting the shape of the electrode, respectively attaching the electrode to the glued inner curved surface lens and outer curved surface lens in a centering manner, and hot-pressing to attach the electrode to the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens;
and (4): carrying out plasma treatment on the inner curved surface lens and the outer curved surface lens covered with the electrodes obtained in the step (3), uniformly coating an orientation layer on the inner surface of the inner curved surface lens, and carrying out one-way friction on the surface of the orientation layer after semi-hardening to form scratches which are consistent in orientation and uniform in distribution; finally, hardening the inner and outer curved lenses coated with the orientation layer through plasma treatment;
and (5): liquid crystal filling and packaging: arranging packaging glue at the edges of the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens, injecting the liquid crystal subjected to vacuum bubble removal between the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens before the packaging glue is completely cured, aligning the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens along the opposite directions of scratches, extruding and packaging the outer curved lens and the inner curved lens into a whole, leading out a lead from the electrode layer to obtain the liquid crystal zooming curved lens, and wrapping the liquid crystal zooming curved lens with silicon hydrogel.
8. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal varifocal curved lens according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the dimensional parameters including the curvature radius, the diameter and the thickness of the lens are inversely determined according to the diopter, and the base curve surface mold as the male mold and the optical surface mold as the female mold corresponding to the inner and outer curved lenses are respectively designed.
9. An imaging system comprising the liquid crystal zoom curved lens according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the liquid crystal zoom curved lens manufactured by the manufacturing method according to claim 7 or 8.
10. The liquid crystal varifocal curved lens of any one of claims 1 to 6 or the liquid crystal varifocal curved lens prepared by the preparation method of claim 7 or 8 is applied to an industrial visual inspection lens or a varifocal corneal contact lens.
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