CN114607331A - Horizontal well subsection volume fracturing simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Horizontal well subsection volume fracturing simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114607331A CN114607331A CN202011329411.7A CN202011329411A CN114607331A CN 114607331 A CN114607331 A CN 114607331A CN 202011329411 A CN202011329411 A CN 202011329411A CN 114607331 A CN114607331 A CN 114607331A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 46
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 36
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 106
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- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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Abstract
The application provides a horizontal well segmental volume fracturing simulation test device and method, and belongs to the technical field of coal bed methane exploitation. The true triaxial servo loading module is arranged and used for accommodating a rock sample and loading stress on the rock sample from three directions respectively, so that the stress state of the rock sample in the original geological condition is simulated; through set up perforation control module in the rock specimen, and adopt hydraulic servo pump pressure module to provide fracturing fluid, and this perforation control module includes two at least fracturing pit shafts, can simulate the process of the synchronous fracturing of many horizontal wells, be equipped with a plurality of fracturing holes on every fracturing pit shaft, can simulate the horizontal well of many perforations, and through changing the position that the pit shaft pours into stopper and pit shaft closing plug into in the fracturing pit shaft, can switch different fracturing holes and carry out the tapping fracturing, thereby can simulate the process of horizontal well staged fracturing, based on this, make the device can simulate the influence of multiple fracturing mode to fracture extension and reservoir stress, thereby can accurately simulate actual fracturing process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of coal bed methane exploitation, in particular to a horizontal well segmental volume fracturing simulation test device and method.
Background
The coal reservoir belongs to a low-porosity and low-permeability unconventional reservoir, and because the permeability of the coal reservoir is very low and the coal reservoir is far from enough by taking the side surface of a well cylinder as an exhaust surface, a manual strengthening production-increasing measure is needed, through hydraulic pressure, the rock is sheared and damaged, new cracks are generated, the new cracks extend and extend to communicate with natural cracks, and therefore the purpose of improving the seepage of an oil and gas reservoir can be achieved. Horizontal well staged volume fracturing is widely applied to the reformation of unconventional reservoirs, and in the construction process, the fracture generated by early fracturing can generate stress shadow effect to influence the initiation and the expansion of subsequent fractures. By optimizing the perforation interval and reasonably applying the stress interference effect between the cracks, the crack propagation direction is changed, natural cracks are communicated, complex network cracks are formed, and the permeability of a reservoir stratum can be improved. Therefore, the deep research on the action mechanism of the horizontal well segmental volume fracturing stress-strain has important theoretical and practical significance for effectively reducing the fracture initiation pressure, controlling the fracture trend and improving the yield and the recovery ratio of the coal bed gas well.
The device that carries out volume fracturing analogue test to rock specimen that currently commonly uses includes: the test device comprises a loading module for applying load to a sample, a hydraulic driving module for conveying fracturing fluid to the interior of the sample, an acoustic emission positioning module for monitoring the hydraulic fracture expansion rule in real time, a sample loading and unloading module for loading and unloading the sample, an infrared monitoring module for monitoring the interior condition of a true triaxial loading chamber in real time in the test process, a camera, a computer and the like. However, the hydraulic drive module in the above device adopts a single perforation structure to simulate the perforation process, and this structure results in a single fracturing mode, and cannot accurately simulate the actual fracturing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a horizontal well staged volume fracturing simulation test device and method, which can simulate the influence of various fracturing modes on fracture expansion and reservoir stress, so that the actual fracturing process can be accurately simulated. The technical scheme is as follows:
on the one hand, provide a horizontal well segmentation volume fracture analogue test device, the device includes: the device comprises a true triaxial servo loading module, a perforation control module, a hydraulic servo pump pressure module, a hydraulic fracturing monitoring module and a data acquisition and processing module;
the true triaxial servo loading module is used for accommodating a rock sample and loading stress on the rock sample;
the perforation control module comprises: the device comprises at least two fracturing mineshafts, a plurality of mineshaft injection plugs and a plurality of mineshaft closing plugs, wherein the at least two fracturing mineshafts are inserted into a rock sample from an inlet of a true triaxial servo loading module, each fracturing mineshaft is provided with a plurality of fracturing holes, each fracturing mineshaft is movably provided with a mineshaft injection plug and a mineshaft closing plug, the mineshaft injection plug is positioned on one side close to the inlet of the fracturing mineshaft, a through hole is formed in the mineshaft injection plug, a drainage tube is arranged at the end part of the mineshaft injection plug, and the through hole is communicated with the drainage tube;
the hydraulic servo pump pressure module is connected with the perforation control module and is used for providing fracturing fluid for the perforation control module;
the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module comprises a camera, an injection flow pressure sensor, an injection flow sensor, a water outlet flow pressure sensor, a water outlet flow sensor, a plurality of fluid pressure sensors, a plurality of strain sensors and a plurality of acoustic emission sensors, wherein the camera is positioned at the top of an inner cavity of the true triaxial servo loading module;
the data acquisition and processing module is electrically coupled with the camera, the injection flow pressure sensor, the injection flow sensor, the water outlet flow pressure sensor, the water outlet flow sensor, the at least one fluid pressure sensor, the at least one strain sensor and the at least one acoustic emission sensor.
In one possible design, the true triaxial servo loading module further includes: the hydraulic system comprises a true triaxial loading chamber, a Z-axis direction hydraulic cylinder, a Y-axis direction hydraulic cylinder, an X-axis direction hydraulic cylinder and a servo oil pressure controller;
this true triaxial loading chamber is used for holding the rock specimen, and this Z axle direction pneumatic cylinder, Y axle direction pneumatic cylinder, X axle direction pneumatic cylinder are used for loading stress to this rock specimen, and this servo oil pressure controller is coupled with this Z axle direction pneumatic cylinder, Y axle direction pneumatic cylinder, X axle direction pneumatic cylinder electrical property respectively.
In one possible design, the servo hydraulic controller is electrically coupled to the data acquisition and processing module.
In one possible design, the true triaxial servo load module further includes: the device comprises an inlet loading plate, a side loading plate, an outlet loading plate and sealing rubber;
the inlet loading plate is positioned between the inner wall of the inlet of the true triaxial loading chamber and the rock sample;
the side loading plate is positioned between the inner wall of the side part of the true triaxial loading chamber and the rock sample;
the outlet loading plate is positioned between the inner wall of the outlet of the true triaxial loading chamber and the rock sample, and a plurality of sieve pores are arranged on the outlet loading plate;
the rock sample is coated at the joint among the inlet loading plate, the side loading plate and the outlet loading plate through the sealing rubber.
In one possible design, the inlet load plate includes a first plate and a second plate arranged in parallel, a plurality of connecting columns connected between the first plate and the second plate;
the first support plate and the second support plate are provided with long holes at corresponding positions.
In one possible design, the compressive strength of the side load plate is greater than 100 MPa.
In one possible design, the fracturing wellbore and the wellbore injection plug and the wellbore closing plug are connected by threads.
In one possible design, the hydraulic servo pumping module further comprises: the fracturing fluid recovery system comprises an injection pump, a fracturing fluid storage tank, an injection pump servo controller and a fracturing fluid recovery tank;
the injection pump is used for driving fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank to be discharged into the infusion tube, and the infusion tube is communicated with the drainage tube;
the injection pump servo controller is electrically coupled with the injection pump;
the fracturing fluid recovery box is communicated with an outlet of the true triaxial servo loading module through a pipeline.
In one possible design, a plurality of the fluid pressure sensors are uniformly distributed in the rock sample;
the plurality of strain sensors are uniformly distributed on at least one surface of the rock sample;
a plurality of acoustic emission sensors are arranged at the vertex angle position of the rock sample.
On one hand, the method is applied to the horizontal well subsection volume fracturing simulation test device provided in any one of the possible designs, and comprises the following steps:
a. installing a perforation control module in the rock sample;
b. adjusting at least two fractured mineshafts to corresponding first preset positions, and adjusting a mineshaft injection plug and a mineshaft closing plug in each fractured mineshaft to corresponding second preset positions;
c. installing the rock sample in the true triaxial servo loading module;
d. starting the true triaxial servo loading module, the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module and the data acquisition and processing module so as to fracture the rock sample, and recording corresponding data through the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module and the data acquisition and processing module;
e. starting a perforation control module and a hydraulic servo pump pressure module, and injecting fracturing fluid into the rock sample;
f. stopping the true triaxial servo loading module, the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module, the data acquisition and processing module, the perforation control module and the hydraulic servo pump pressure module;
g. adjusting a shaft injection plug and a shaft closing plug in each fracturing shaft to a corresponding third preset position;
h. and repeating the steps c-f.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the true triaxial servo loading module is arranged and can be used for accommodating the rock sample and loading stress on the rock sample from three directions respectively, so that the stress state borne by the rock sample in the original geological condition is simulated; through set up perforation control module in the rock specimen, and adopt hydraulic servo pump pressure module to provide fracturing fluid, and this perforation control module includes two at least fracturing mineshafts, just so can simulate the process of the synchronous fracturing of many horizontal wells, be equipped with a plurality of fracturing holes on every fracturing mineshaft, thereby can simulate the horizontal well of many perforations, and through changing the position that the pit shaft pours into stopper and pit shaft closing plug in the fracturing mineshaft, can switch different fracturing holes and carry out the tapping fracturing, thereby can simulate the process of horizontal well staged fracturing, based on this, make the device can simulate the influence of multiple fracturing mode to fracture extension and reservoir stress, thereby can accurately simulate actual fracturing process. Through set up multiple different sensors in hydraulic fracturing monitoring module, can realize carrying out direct monitoring to this rock specimen from aspects such as crack form, injection flowing pressure, injection flow, output flowing pressure, output flow, rock specimen flowing pressure, rock specimen flow and rock specimen strain, the internal damage of rock specimen to can directly perceived reaction fracturing crack's the initiation and the expansion condition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal well segmental volume fracturing simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic front view of an inlet loading plate 17 provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a left side view schematically illustrating the structure of an inlet loading plate 17 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fractured wellbore 21 provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a wellbore injection plug 22 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wellbore closing plug 23 according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock sample 6, a fluid pressure sensor 46, a strain sensor 47 and an acoustic emission sensor 48 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a horizontal well segmental volume fracture simulation test method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
The reference numerals for the various parts in the drawings are illustrated below:
1-true triaxial servo loading module;
11-a drain pipe;
12-true triaxial loading chamber;
a 13-Z axis direction hydraulic cylinder;
a 14-Y axis direction hydraulic cylinder;
a 15-X axis direction hydraulic cylinder;
16-servo oil pressure controller;
17-inlet loading plate;
171-a first plate;
172-a second plate;
173-connecting column;
174-long hole;
18-side load plate;
19-an outlet loading plate;
2-a perforation control module;
21-fracturing the wellbore;
211-fracturing the hole;
22-wellbore injection plug;
221-a through hole;
222-a drainage tube;
23-wellbore closing plug;
3-a hydraulic servo pump pressure module;
31-an infusion tube;
32-an infusion pump;
33-a fracturing fluid reservoir;
34-injection pump servo controller;
35-a fracturing fluid recovery tank;
4-a hydraulic fracture monitoring module;
41-a camera;
42-injection flow pressure sensor;
43-an injection flow sensor;
44-water outlet flow pressure sensor;
45-water outlet flow sensor;
46-a fluid pressure sensor;
47-a strain sensor;
48-an acoustic emission sensor;
5-a data acquisition and processing module;
6-rock sample.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, being fixedly connected, releasably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal well segmental volume fracturing simulation test device provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 1, the device includes: the device comprises a true triaxial servo loading module 1, a perforation control module 2, a hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3, a hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4 and a data acquisition and processing module 5; the true triaxial servo loading module 1 is used for accommodating a rock sample 6 and loading stress on the rock sample 6; the perforation control module 2 comprises: at least two fracturing well shafts 21, a plurality of well shaft injection plugs 22 and a plurality of well shaft closing plugs 23, wherein at least two fracturing well shafts 21 are inserted into the rock sample 6 from the inlet of the true triaxial servo loading module 1, each fracturing well shaft 21 is provided with a plurality of fracturing holes 211, each fracturing well shaft 21 is movably provided with one well shaft injection plug 22 and one well shaft closing plug 23, the well shaft injection plug 22 is positioned at one side close to the inlet of the fracturing well shaft 21, the interior of the well shaft injection plug 22 is provided with a through hole 221, the end part of the well shaft injection plug is provided with a drainage tube 222, and the through hole 221 is communicated with the drainage tube 222; the hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3 is connected with the perforation control module 2 and is used for providing fracturing fluid for the perforation control module 2; the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4 comprises a camera 41, an injection flow pressure sensor 42, an injection flow sensor 43, a water outlet flow pressure sensor 44, a water outlet flow sensor 45, a plurality of fluid pressure sensors 46, a plurality of strain sensors 47 and a plurality of acoustic emission sensors 48, wherein the camera 41 is positioned at the top of the inner cavity of the true triaxial servo loading module 1, the injection flow pressure sensor 42 and the injection flow sensor 43 are all connected in series on the infusion tube 31 of the hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3, the water outlet flow pressure sensor 44 and the water outlet flow sensor 45 are all connected in series on the liquid discharge tube 11 of the true triaxial servo loading module 1, and the fluid pressure sensor 46, the strain sensors 47 and the acoustic emission sensors 48 are all arranged on the rock sample 6; the data acquisition and processing module 5 is electrically coupled to the camera 41, the injection flow pressure sensor 42, the injection flow sensor 43, the outlet flow pressure sensor 44, the outlet flow sensor 45, the at least one fluid pressure sensor 46, the at least one strain sensor 47, and the at least one acoustic emission sensor 48.
The working principle of the device is described in detail below:
the true triaxial servo loading module 1 in the device is used for holding a rock sample 6, wherein the rock sample 6 is extracted from a shaft of a horizontal well and has a core sample with a preset size and a preset shape. Based on the perforation control module 2 and the hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3, the device can simulate the required conditions of the rock sample 6 in the underground fracturing process, thereby based on the simulated fracturing process, information such as flowing pressure, flow, images, strain, fracture initiation and expansion of fracture cracks and the like is obtained through the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4 and the data acquisition and processing module 5, and data support is provided for the follow-up physical property influence of the fracturing process on the underground rock stratum.
According to the device provided by the embodiment of the application, the true triaxial servo loading module 1 is arranged, so that the rock sample 6 can be accommodated, and stress is loaded on the rock sample 6 from three directions respectively, and the stress state borne by the rock sample 6 in the original geological condition is simulated; through set up perforation control module 2 in rock specimen 6, and adopt hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3 to provide fracturing fluid, and this perforation control module 2 includes two at least fracturing mineshafts 21, just so can simulate the process of the synchronous fracturing of many horizontal wells, be equipped with a plurality of fracturing holes 211 on every fracturing mineshaft 21, thereby can simulate the horizontal well of many perforations, and through changing the position that the well casing pours into stopper 22 and a pit shaft closing plug 23 in the fracturing mineshaft 21, can switch different fracturing holes 211 and carry out the tapping fracturing, thereby can simulate the process of horizontal well staged fracturing, based on this, make the device can simulate the influence of multiple fracturing mode to fracture extension and reservoir stress, thereby can accurately simulate actual fracturing process. Through set up multiple different sensors in hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4, can realize carrying out direct monitoring from aspects such as crack form, injection flowing pressure, injection flow, output flowing pressure, output flow, rock sample flowing pressure, rock sample flow and rock sample strain, the internal damage of rock sample to this rock sample 6 to can the fracture initiation and the expansion condition of reaction fracturing crack directly perceived.
The following details the structure and the working principle of each part of the device:
the true triaxial servo loading module 1 in the device is used for accommodating a rock sample 6 and applying stress to the rock sample 6 from three orthogonal axial directions.
In one possible design, the true triaxial servo load module 1 further includes: a true triaxial loading chamber 12, a Z-axis direction hydraulic cylinder 13, a Y-axis direction hydraulic cylinder 14, an X-axis direction hydraulic cylinder 15 and a servo oil pressure controller 16; the true triaxial loading chamber 12 is configured to accommodate a rock sample 6, the Z-axis hydraulic cylinder 13, the Y-axis hydraulic cylinder 14, and the X-axis hydraulic cylinder 15 are configured to load stress on the rock sample 6, and the servo oil pressure controller 16 is electrically coupled to the Z-axis hydraulic cylinder 13, the Y-axis hydraulic cylinder 14, and the X-axis hydraulic cylinder 15, respectively.
The true triaxial loading chamber 12 is opened in the positive directions of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis respectively, so that the hydraulic cylinder 15 in the X axis direction, the hydraulic cylinder 14 in the Y axis direction and the hydraulic cylinder 13 in the Z axis direction are connected respectively, each hydraulic cylinder is connected with a servo oil pressure controller 16, and the servo oil pressure controller 16 controls the stress of the rock sample 6 in three directions.
Specifically, the X-axis direction hydraulic cylinder 15, the Y-axis direction hydraulic cylinder 14, and the Z-axis direction hydraulic cylinder 13 are fixed to the wall of the true triaxial loading chamber 12 by bolts and nuts, respectively.
An operator can control each hydraulic cylinder by directly operating the servo oil pressure controller 16, so as to control the stress of the rock sample 6 in three directions, and of course, the operator can also indirectly control the servo oil pressure controller 16 by other methods, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In one possible design, the servo hydraulic controller 16 is electrically coupled to the data collection and processing module 5, so as to collect the control signals of the servo hydraulic controller 16 to the respective hydraulic cylinders through the data collection and processing module 5, so as to analyze the data later.
In one possible design, the true triaxial servo load module 1 further includes: inlet loading plate 17, side loading plate 18, outlet loading plate 19 and sealing rubber; the inlet loading plate 17 is positioned between the inner wall of the inlet of the true triaxial loading chamber 12 and the rock sample 6; the side loading plate 18 is located between the inner side wall of the true triaxial loading chamber 12 and the rock sample 6; the outlet loading plate 19 is positioned between the inner wall of the outlet of the true triaxial loading chamber 12 and the rock sample 6, and a plurality of sieve holes are arranged on the outlet loading plate 19; the connection between the inlet loading plate 17, the side loading plate 18 and the outlet loading plate 19 is covered with the rock sample 6 by the sealing rubber.
Through the inlet loading plate 17, the side loading plate 18, the outlet loading plate 19 and the sealing rubber, the rock sample 6 is hermetically arranged in the true triaxial loading chamber 12, so that liquid leakage is avoided, and the accuracy of the simulation test process is ensured. Wherein, the inlet loading plate 17 plays a role of sealing, supporting and adjusting simultaneously between the inner wall of the inlet of the true triaxial loading chamber 12 and the rock sample 6. In one possible design, the outer shape of the rock specimen 6 can be designed as a cuboid, the dimensions of which can be set according to specific needs, for example, length: 1000mm, width: 1000mm, high: 500mm, correspondingly, the side loading plate 18 may comprise four plates respectively disposed at four sides of the rock sample 6, that is, the four plates may be: two dimensions 1000mm 500mm, two dimensions 1000 mm. The outlet loading plate 19 is connected to the discharge pipe 11 so that fluid flowing from the rock sample 6 passes through the outlet loading plate 19 and into the discharge pipe 11.
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of an inlet loading plate 17 provided in an embodiment of the present application, fig. 3 is a schematic left view of an inlet loading plate 17 provided in an embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 2 and 3, in a possible design, the inlet loading plate 17 includes a first plate 171 and a second plate 172 arranged in parallel, and a plurality of connecting columns 173 connected between the first plate 171 and the second plate 172; the first and second brackets 171, 172 are provided with elongated holes 174 at corresponding positions.
Based on the structure of the inlet loading plate 17, the inlet loading plate 17 is installed in the following manner: the first and second support plates 171 and 172 abut against the inner wall of the inlet of the true triaxial loading chamber 12 and the rock sample 6, respectively, and the plurality of connecting columns 173 are supported between the first and second support plates 171 and 172, so that the inlet loading plate 17 can function to support the rock sample 6 in the Z-axis direction.
In the first support plate 171 and the second support plate 172, the distance between the plurality of fracturing wells 21 can be adjusted by the long hole 174, and the cross section of the long hole 174 may be rectangular or kidney-shaped, which is not limited in the embodiment.
In one possible design, the compressive strength of the side load plate 18 is greater than 100MPa, and the material of the side load plate 18 may be a transparent single tempered glass load plate.
In this arrangement, the perforation control module 2 is used to perform a number of different fracturing processes on the rock sample 6. The structure of each part in the perforation control module 2 can be respectively shown in fig. 4-6, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fractured wellbore 21 provided in the embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 4, the fractured wellbore 21 can be cylindrical, both ends of the fractured wellbore are open, a plurality of fracturing holes 211 are sequentially arranged on the side wall, and on one fractured wellbore 21, the distances between different fracturing holes 211 can be the same or different; the diameters of the different fracturing holes 211 may be the same or different. For different fracturing mineshafts 21 in a test of a rock sample 6, the distances between the fracturing holes 211 can be the same or different; the fracturing holes 211 may be the same or different in diameter. In both rock sample 6 tests, fractured wellbores 21 with different fracture hole 211 spacing and different fracture hole 211 diameters may also be selected. That is, the fractured wellbore 21 with a plurality of different signals may be prepared to meet the simulation requirements of a plurality of different well conditions, which is not limited in this embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wellbore injection plug 22 provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 5, the wellbore injection plug 22 is located at a side close to an inlet of the fracturing wellbore 21, and the wellbore injection plug 22 is provided with a through hole 221 inside and a drain tube 222 at an end, the through hole 221 is communicated with the drain tube 222, and in use, a fluid needs to be introduced through the drain tube 222, wherein the fluid may be a fracturing fluid. The side of the well bore injection plug 22 that is threaded into the fractured well bore 21 may be chamfered to facilitate threading of the well bore injection plug 22.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a wellbore closing plug 23 according to an embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 6, the wellbore closing plug 23 is a plugging structure, and the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23 in the apparatus are respectively disposed on two sides of a target fracturing hole, so that based on the matching structure of the fractured wellbore 21, the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23, fluid flows into a space between the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23 along the through hole 221 of the wellbore injection plug 22, and then flows out of the fractured wellbore 21 from the target fracturing hole on the side wall of the space. By changing the positions of the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23, the position and number of the target fracturing holes can be changed, thereby realizing various different types of fracturing processes, for example, the fracturing holes 211 can be sequentially set as the target fracturing holes one by one, thereby gradually changing the positions of the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23 in sequence, and simulating a 'zip-type' fracturing process.
In one possible design, the fractured wellbore 21 is threadedly connected to the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closure plug 23. Specifically, an internal thread is provided on the inner wall of the fracturing wellbore 21, and external threads adapted to the internal thread are provided on the outer walls of the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23, so that the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23 can be conveniently inserted into the fracturing wellbore 21 by using a tool and moved by screwing the same.
The hydraulic servo pumping module 3 of the device comprises a liquid delivery tube 31, and in one possible design, the hydraulic servo pumping module 3 further comprises: an injection pump 32, a fracturing fluid storage tank 33, an injection pump servo controller 34 and a fracturing fluid recovery tank 35; the injection pump 32 is used for driving the fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank 33 to be discharged into the liquid conveying pipe 31, and the liquid conveying pipe 31 is communicated with the drainage pipe 222; the infusion pump servo controller 34 is electrically coupled to the infusion pump 32; the fracturing fluid recovery tank 35 is communicated with the outlet of the true triaxial servo loading module 1 through a pipeline.
Wherein, the pressure supply range of the injection pump 32 is 1MPa-50MPa, and the flow range is 0ml/min-150ml/min, thereby providing the required fracturing fluid for the test process.
The hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4 in the device is used for acquiring and storing various data in the test process. The camera 41 may be a high-resolution camera, so that the crack propagation and mutual interference conditions in the fracturing process can be visually observed, the injection flow pressure sensor 42 and the injection flow rate sensor 43 are used for monitoring the flow pressure and flow rate of the fluid before entering the true triaxial loading chamber 12, and the water outlet flow pressure sensor 44 and the water outlet flow rate sensor 45 are used for monitoring the flow pressure and flow rate of the fluid after exiting the true triaxial loading chamber 12, and transmitting the data to the data acquisition and processing module 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock sample 6, a fluid pressure sensor 46, a strain sensor 47 and an acoustic emission sensor 48 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, please refer to fig. 7, in a possible design, a plurality of fluid pressure sensors 46 are uniformly arranged inside the rock sample 6; the plurality of strain sensors 47 are uniformly distributed on at least one surface of the rock sample 6; the acoustic emission sensors 48 are arranged at the apex angles of the rock sample 6.
Wherein, the fluid pressure sensor 46 can be a fluid pressure probe sensor, which can be arranged in the rock sample 6 at a distance of 250mm between every two in the same direction to monitor the pressure distribution of the internal pores of the rock sample 6; the strain sensors 47 can be arranged on the front surface of the Y axis of the rock sample 6, namely the upper surface of the rock sample 6, and the arrangement mode can be that the distance of 50mm exists between every two strain sensors in the same direction so as to monitor the strain of the rock sample 6 in the test process; the acoustic emission sensors 48 may be mounted at the corners of the four sides of the rock sample 6 to monitor acoustic emission signals generated by damage within the rock sample 6.
Based on the hydraulic fracture monitoring module 4, a data acquisition and processing module 5 in the device is used for acquiring and processing the data for analysis by a tester.
All the above optional technical solutions may be combined arbitrarily to form optional embodiments of the present application, and are not described herein again.
Based on the device, the characteristics of synchronous fracturing, staged fracturing and the like of the horizontal well in the actual production process are simulated, so that the stress and the strain of the rock sample 6 in the fracturing process are respectively monitored on the basis of considering the influence of the perforation interval, the perforation size and the well interval of the horizontal well on the fracturing process, a data basis is provided for the follow-up analysis of stress and strain rules, and a basis is provided for a mechanism for analyzing the mutual interference among fractures; in addition, in the hydraulic fracture monitoring module 4, a camera 41, an injection flow pressure sensor 42, an injection flow sensor 43, a water outlet flow pressure sensor 44, a water outlet flow sensor 45, a plurality of fluid pressure sensors 46, a plurality of strain sensors 47 and a plurality of acoustic emission sensors 48 are adopted, and the rock sample 6 is directly observed and subjected to data analysis from multiple dimensions, so that the fracture initiation and expansion conditions of the fracture can be intuitively reflected.
According to the device provided by the embodiment of the application, the true triaxial servo loading module 1 is arranged, so that the rock sample 6 can be accommodated, and stress is loaded on the rock sample 6 from three directions respectively, and the stress state borne by the rock sample 6 in the original geological condition is simulated; through set up perforation control module 2 in rock specimen 6, and adopt hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3 to provide fracturing fluid, and this perforation control module 2 includes two at least fracturing mineshafts 21, just so can simulate the process of the synchronous fracturing of many horizontal wells, be equipped with a plurality of fracturing holes 211 on every fracturing mineshaft 21, thereby can simulate the horizontal well of many perforations, and through changing the position that the well casing pours into stopper 22 and a pit shaft closing plug 23 in the fracturing mineshaft 21, can switch different fracturing holes 211 and carry out the tapping fracturing, thereby can simulate the process of horizontal well staged fracturing, based on this, make the device can simulate the influence of multiple fracturing mode to fracture extension and reservoir stress, thereby can accurately simulate actual fracturing process. Through set up multiple different sensors in hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4, can realize carrying out direct monitoring from aspects such as crack form, injection flowing pressure, injection flow, output flowing pressure, output flow, rock sample flowing pressure, rock sample flow and rock sample strain, the internal damage of rock sample to this rock sample 6 to can the fracture initiation and the expansion condition of reaction fracturing crack directly perceived.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a horizontal well segmental volumetric fracturing simulation test method provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 8, and the method is applied to a horizontal well segmental volumetric fracturing simulation test device provided in any one of the above possible designs, and the method includes:
801. the perforation control module 2 is installed in the rock sample 6.
In this step, the rock sample processing may be performed first, and the rock retrieved on site is cut into test rock samples 6 of length 1000mm, width 1000mm, and height 500 mm. According to the test requirement, at least two mounting holes with the aperture of 36mm and the length of 500mm are drilled on one end face of the Z-axis direction of the rock sample 6 and used for accommodating the fracturing mineshaft 21.
Further, at least two fracturing well bores 21 can be installed in the installation holes and fixed by chemical glue, and the openings of the installation holes are reinforced and sealed by cement, so that the sealing between the fracturing well bores 21 and the rock sample 6 is ensured.
802. Adjusting at least two of the fractured wellbores 21 to corresponding first preset positions, and adjusting a wellbore injection plug 22 and a wellbore closing plug 23 in each of the fractured wellbores 21 to corresponding second preset positions.
Through the above arrangement, the fluid flows into the space between the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23 along the through hole 221 of the wellbore injection plug 22, and then flows out of the fractured wellbore 21 from the target fractured hole on the sidewall of the space.
803. The rock sample 6 is mounted within the true triaxial servo loading module 1.
In this step, after the side loading plates 18 are installed, the test rock sample 6 is transported to the true triaxial loading chamber 12, the rock sample 6 is moved to a proper position from the inlet of the true triaxial loading chamber 12 inward, that is, from the negative direction of the Z axis to the positive direction, the inlet loading plate 17 and the outlet loading plate 19 are installed at the inlet and the outlet of the true triaxial loading chamber 12, respectively, and the gaps between the loading plates are filled with sealing rubber to ensure the sealing performance.
804. And starting the true triaxial servo loading module 1, the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4 and the data acquisition and processing module 5 so as to fracture the rock sample 6, and recording corresponding data through the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4 and the data acquisition and processing module 5.
In the step, the true triaxial servo loading module 1 is controlled according to test requirements, so that initial confining pressure is applied to the rock sample 6, after the readings of the strain sensor 47 are stable, fracturing fluid is injected into the rock sample 6 at a certain low pump pressure until the readings of the injection flow pressure sensor 42 are stable. The purpose of this operation is to apply an initial pore pressure to the test rock sample 6, so as to be closer to reality; meanwhile, the initial permeability of the test rock sample 6 can be obtained through the injection flow pressure sensor 42 and the injection flow sensor 43, so that permeability data can be obtained based on the tested data, and the fracturing effect can be evaluated.
805. And starting the perforation control module 2 and the hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3, and injecting fracturing fluid into the rock sample 6.
In the step, the discharge capacity and the injection time are designed according to a preset test scheme, fracturing fluid is injected into the fracturing shaft 21 at a certain flow rate, the test rock sample 6 is fractured, and the injection pressure is obviously reduced after the rock sample 6 is fractured until the test scheme is designed for time. And then, keeping the pressure constant, and continuously injecting fracturing fluid into the fracturing mineshaft 21 to obtain the permeability of the test piece after primary fracturing.
806. And stopping the true triaxial servo loading module 1, the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4, the data acquisition and processing module 5, the perforation control module 2 and the hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3.
This step is used to prepare for the subsequent adjustment step.
807. And adjusting the well casing injection plug 22 and the well casing closing plug 23 in each fractured well casing 21 to the corresponding third preset positions.
In this step, the position between the wellbore injection plug 22 and the wellbore closing plug 23 corresponding to the third preset position is the target fracturing hole corresponding to the test, and through the above setting, the position of the target fracturing hole is changed, thereby realizing the zipper-type fracturing process.
808. Repeat steps 803-806.
After a plurality of tests are completed, namely, the synchronous fracturing of the multi-horizontal well on the rock sample 6 is completed, and a sectional fracturing mode is adopted.
Based on the steps, the characteristics of synchronous fracturing, staged fracturing and the like of the horizontal well in the actual production process are simulated, so that the stress and the strain of the rock sample 6 in the fracturing process are respectively monitored on the basis of considering the influence of the perforation interval, the perforation size and the well interval of the horizontal well on the fracturing process, a data basis is provided for the follow-up analysis of stress and strain rules, and a basis is provided for a mechanism for analyzing the mutual interference among fractures; moreover, in the hydraulic fracture monitoring module 4, a camera 41, an injection flow pressure sensor 42, an injection flow sensor 43, a water outlet flow pressure sensor 44, a water outlet flow sensor 45, a plurality of fluid pressure sensors 46, a plurality of strain sensors 47 and a plurality of acoustic emission sensors 48 are adopted, and the rock sample 6 is directly observed and subjected to data analysis from multiple dimensions, so that the fracture initiation and expansion conditions of the fracture can be intuitively reflected.
According to the method provided by the embodiment of the application, the true triaxial servo loading module 1 is arranged and can be used for accommodating the rock sample 6 and loading stress on the rock sample 6 from three directions respectively, so that the stress state borne by the rock sample 6 in the original geological condition is simulated; through set up perforation control module 2 in rock specimen 6, and adopt hydraulic servo pump pressure module 3 to provide fracturing fluid, and this perforation control module 2 includes two at least fracturing mineshafts 21, just so can simulate the process of the synchronous fracturing of many horizontal wells, be equipped with a plurality of fracturing holes 211 on every fracturing mineshaft 21, thereby can simulate the horizontal well of many perforations, and through changing the position that the well casing pours into stopper 22 and a pit shaft closing plug 23 in the fracturing mineshaft 21, can switch different fracturing holes 211 and carry out the tapping fracturing, thereby can simulate the process of horizontal well staged fracturing, based on this, make the device can simulate the influence of multiple fracturing mode to fracture extension and reservoir stress, thereby can accurately simulate actual fracturing process. Through set up multiple different sensors in hydraulic fracturing monitoring module 4, can realize carrying out direct monitoring from aspects such as crack form, injection flowing pressure, injection flow, output flowing pressure, output flow, rock sample flowing pressure, rock sample flow and rock sample strain, the internal damage of rock sample to this rock sample 6 to can the fracture initiation and the expansion condition of reaction fracturing crack directly perceived.
The above description is intended only to illustrate the alternative embodiments of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a horizontal well segmentation volume fracturing simulation test device which characterized in that, the device includes: the device comprises a true triaxial servo loading module (1), a perforation control module (2), a hydraulic servo pump pressure module (3), a hydraulic fracturing monitoring module (4) and a data acquisition and processing module (5);
the true triaxial servo loading module (1) is used for accommodating a rock sample (6) and loading stress on the rock sample (6);
the perforation control module (2) comprises: at least two fracturing well shafts (21), a plurality of well shaft injection plugs (22) and a plurality of well shaft closing plugs (23), wherein the at least two fracturing well shafts (21) are inserted into the rock sample (6) from the inlet of the true triaxial servo loading module (1), a plurality of fracturing holes (211) are formed in each fracturing well shaft (21), one well shaft injection plug (22) and one well shaft closing plug (23) are movably arranged in each fracturing well shaft (21), the well shaft injection plug (22) is positioned on one side close to the inlet of the fracturing well shaft (21), a through hole (221) is formed in the well shaft injection plug (22), a drainage tube (222) is arranged at the end of the well shaft injection plug, and the through hole (221) is communicated with the drainage tube (222);
the hydraulic servo pumping module (3) is connected with the perforation control module (2) and is used for providing fracturing fluid for the perforation control module (2);
the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module (4) comprises a camera (41), an injection flow pressure sensor (42), an injection flow sensor (43), a water outlet flow pressure sensor (44), a water outlet flow sensor (45), a plurality of fluid pressure sensors (46), a plurality of strain sensors (47) and a plurality of acoustic emission sensors (48), the camera (41) is positioned at the top of the inner cavity of the true triaxial servo loading module (1), the injection flow pressure sensor (42) and the injection flow sensor (43) are connected in series on the infusion tube (31) of the hydraulic servo pump pressure module (3), the water outlet flow pressure sensor (44) and the water outlet flow sensor (45) are connected in series on the liquid discharge pipe (11) of the true triaxial servo loading module (1), the fluid pressure sensor (46), the strain sensor (47) and the acoustic emission sensor (48) are uniformly distributed on the rock sample (6);
the data acquisition and processing module (5) is electrically coupled to the camera (41), the injection flow pressure sensor (42), the injection flow sensor (43), the outlet flow pressure sensor (44), the outlet flow sensor (45), the at least one fluid pressure sensor (46), the at least one strain sensor (47), and the at least one acoustic emission sensor (48).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the true triaxial servo loading module (1) further comprises: a true triaxial loading chamber (12), a Z-axis direction hydraulic cylinder (13), a Y-axis direction hydraulic cylinder (14), an X-axis direction hydraulic cylinder (15) and a servo oil pressure controller (16);
true triaxial loading chamber (12) is used for holding rock specimen (6), Z axle direction pneumatic cylinder (13), Y axle direction pneumatic cylinder (14), X axle direction pneumatic cylinder (15) are used for right rock specimen (6) loading stress, servo oil pressure controller (16) with Z axle direction pneumatic cylinder (13), Y axle direction pneumatic cylinder (14), X axle direction pneumatic cylinder (15) electric coupling respectively.
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that said servo oil pressure controller (16) is electrically coupled with said data acquisition and processing module (5).
4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the true triaxial servo loading module (1) further comprises: an inlet loading plate (17), a side loading plate (18), an outlet loading plate (19) and sealing rubber;
the inlet loading plate (17) is positioned between the inner wall of the inlet of the true triaxial loading chamber (12) and the rock sample (6);
the side loading plate (18) is positioned between the inner side wall of the true triaxial loading chamber (12) and the rock sample (6);
the outlet loading plate (19) is positioned between the inner wall of the outlet of the true triaxial loading chamber (12) and the rock sample (6), and a plurality of sieve holes are formed in the outlet loading plate (19);
the connection parts among the inlet loading plate (17), the side loading plate (18) and the outlet loading plate (19) are coated with the rock sample (6) through the sealing rubber.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the inlet load plate (17) includes first and second plates (171, 172) arranged in parallel, a plurality of connecting posts (173) connected between the first and second plates (171, 172);
and long holes (174) are formed in corresponding positions of the first support plate (171) and the second support plate (172).
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the compressive strength of the side load plates (18) is greater than 100 MPa.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fractured wellbore (21) and the wellbore injection plug (22) and the wellbore closing plug (23) are connected by a screw thread.
8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic servo pumping module (3) further comprises: the fracturing fluid recovery system comprises an injection pump (32), a fracturing fluid storage tank (33), an injection pump servo controller (34) and a fracturing fluid recovery tank (35);
the injection pump (32) is used for driving the fracturing fluid in the fracturing fluid storage tank (33) to be discharged into the infusion tube (31), and the infusion tube (31) is communicated with the drainage tube (222);
the infusion pump servo controller (34) is electrically coupled with the infusion pump (32);
and the fracturing fluid recovery tank (35) is communicated with an outlet of the true triaxial servo loading module (1) through a pipeline.
9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said fluid pressure sensors (46) are uniformly arranged inside said rock sample (6);
the plurality of strain sensors (47) are uniformly distributed on at least one surface of the rock sample (6);
the acoustic emission sensors (48) are arranged at the top corners of the rock sample (6).
10. A horizontal well subsection volume fracturing simulation test method is applied to the horizontal well subsection volume fracturing simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps:
a. installing a perforation control module (2) in a rock sample (6);
b. adjusting at least two of the fractured wellbores (21) to corresponding first preset positions, and adjusting a wellbore injection plug (22) and a wellbore closing plug (23) in each of the fractured wellbores (21) to corresponding second preset positions;
c. installing the rock sample (6) in the true triaxial servo loading module (1);
d. starting a true triaxial servo loading module (1), a hydraulic fracturing monitoring module (4) and a data acquisition and processing module (5) so as to fracture the rock sample (6), and recording corresponding data through the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module (4) and the data acquisition and processing module (5);
e. starting a perforation control module (2) and a hydraulic servo pump pressure module (3), and injecting fracturing fluid into the rock sample (6);
f. stopping the true triaxial servo loading module (1), the hydraulic fracturing monitoring module (4), the data acquisition and processing module (5), the perforation control module (2) and the hydraulic servo pump pressure module (3);
g. adjusting a wellbore injection plug (22) and a wellbore closing plug (23) in each fractured wellbore (21) to a corresponding third preset position;
h. repeating steps c-f.
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