CN114604921A - Seawater desalination system - Google Patents
Seawater desalination system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114604921A CN114604921A CN202210164014.1A CN202210164014A CN114604921A CN 114604921 A CN114604921 A CN 114604921A CN 202210164014 A CN202210164014 A CN 202210164014A CN 114604921 A CN114604921 A CN 114604921A
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- evaporation
- waste heat
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/30—Solar heat collectors for heating objects, e.g. solar cookers or solar furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B5/00—Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by main groups F28B1/00 and F28B3/00; Other condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seawater desalination system, which comprises a seawater preheating device, a solar evaporation device and a refrigerating device, wherein the seawater preheating device comprises a heat exchange tube and a waste heat exchange pool, the heat exchange tube is arranged in the waste heat exchange pool, the waste heat exchange pool stores high-temperature concentrated seawater flowing from top to bottom, and the heat exchange tube is used for carrying out waste heat conversion on low-temperature new seawater and the high-temperature concentrated seawater in the tube; the solar evaporation device comprises an evaporation water tank, the evaporation water tank is connected to a first outlet of the waste heat exchange pool, the heat exchange tube is communicated with the first outlet, new seawater enters the evaporation water tank from the first outlet, and the solar evaporation device is used for heating and evaporating the new seawater into steam; the refrigerating device comprises a condensation water tank and a semiconductor refrigerator, the condensation water tank is connected with the solar evaporation device through a pipeline, the semiconductor refrigerator is arranged in the condensation water tank, and the semiconductor refrigerator is used for condensing water vapor into fresh water, so that the refrigerating efficiency can be improved, and the seawater desalination cost can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a seawater desalination system.
Background
Water resources are essential resources for human beings, promoting the development and progress of human society, wherein fresh water is directly related to the survival of human beings. As China has abundant ocean resources, the development of the seawater desalination industry is further promoted, and the problem of shortage of fresh water resources in coastal areas can be effectively solved. The existing seawater desalination methods include distillation, reverse osmosis and the like, but still have the defects of relatively high cost, high energy consumption, slow refrigeration and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a seawater desalination system which can improve the refrigeration efficiency and greatly reduce the seawater desalination cost.
The embodiment of the invention provides a seawater desalination system, which comprises a seawater preheating device, a solar evaporation device and a refrigerating device, wherein the seawater preheating device comprises a heat exchange tube and a waste heat exchange pool, the heat exchange tube is arranged in the waste heat exchange pool, the waste heat exchange pool stores high-temperature concentrated seawater flowing from top to bottom, and the heat exchange tube is used for carrying out waste heat conversion on low-temperature fresh seawater in the tube and the high-temperature concentrated seawater; the solar evaporation device comprises an evaporation water tank, the evaporation water tank is connected to a first outlet of the waste heat exchange pool, the heat exchange pipe is communicated with the first outlet, the fresh seawater enters the evaporation water tank from the first outlet, and the solar evaporation device is used for heating and evaporating the fresh seawater into steam; the refrigerating device comprises a condensed water tank and a semiconductor refrigerator, the condensed water tank is connected with the solar evaporation device through a pipeline, the semiconductor refrigerator is arranged in the condensed water tank, and the semiconductor refrigerator is used for condensing the water vapor into fresh water.
The seawater desalination system provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: through setting up sea water preheating device, the high temperature concentrated sea water that top-down flows is stored in the waste heat exchange pond, contain a large amount of heats in the high temperature concentrated sea water, the microthermal new sea water flows in the heat exchange tube, borrow heat exchange tube and high temperature concentrated sea water direct contact, can reuse the waste heat through the heat exchange of new sea water and high temperature concentrated sea water, the new sea water preheats the back in heat exchange tube department, flow out the waste heat exchange pond through first export, and go into evaporation water tank, solar energy evaporation plant utilizes solar energy to heat the new sea water and evaporates into vapor, environmental protection and energy saving more, vapor enters into the condensation water tank through the pipeline, through utilizing the semiconductor refrigerator with the condensation of vapor becomes fresh water, can improve refrigeration efficiency, through combining solar thermal energy electricity and semiconductor refrigeration technology, can greatly reduced sea water desalination cost.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the solar energy photovoltaic panel is electrically connected with the seawater preheating device, the solar energy evaporation device and the refrigeration device respectively, and is used for providing electric energy. The solar photovoltaic panel realizes photoelectric conversion through absorption of solar energy, natural resource solar energy is efficiently utilized to provide power for each component in the seawater desalination system, and the seawater preheating device, the solar evaporation device and the refrigerating device are all powered by the solar photovoltaic panel, so that the seawater desalination system has the characteristics of low energy consumption, low cost, environmental protection and the like.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the seawater preheating device further comprises a first water pump connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe, the first water pump being configured to pump the fresh seawater into the heat exchange pipe. Through being connected to the entry of heat exchange tube with first water pump, first water pump starts the back, can provide power and pump a certain amount of new sea water to the heat exchange tube in, and the new sea water of being convenient for preheats in heat exchange tube department.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the seawater preheating device further comprises a temperature sensor and a first electromagnetic valve, the temperature sensor is disposed in the waste heat exchange tank, the temperature sensor is configured to detect a temperature of seawater in the waste heat exchange tank, a drain pipe is disposed at a bottom of the waste heat exchange tank, the first electromagnetic valve is disposed at the drain pipe, and when the temperature of seawater is less than a preset temperature threshold, the first electromagnetic valve is opened to discharge the high-temperature concentrated seawater. Through setting up temperature sensor at the waste heat exchange pond, can real-time detection waste heat exchange pond high temperature concentrated seawater's sea water temperature, set up the drain pipe in waste heat exchange pond's bottom in addition, the drain pipe is used for discharging high temperature concentrated seawater, through setting up first solenoid valve at the drain pipe, when the sea water temperature of high temperature concentrated seawater is not enough to play preheating effect, when sea water temperature is less than preset temperature threshold value promptly, then open first solenoid valve, discharge high temperature concentrated seawater, can effectively prolong heat transfer time.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a solar trough collector is disposed outside the evaporation water tank. Through setting up solar energy slot type heat collector, realize accomplishing the evaporation process to natural resources solar energy utilization, environmental protection high efficiency more. In addition, the groove type heat collector is compared with the plane type heat collector, the heat absorption area is obviously increased, the heat collection efficiency is greatly improved, more heat is provided for the evaporation water tank, and the evaporation speed is accelerated.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the solar evaporation apparatus further includes a concentration sensor, a second electromagnetic valve, and a second water pump, the concentration sensor and the second water pump are disposed in the evaporation water tank, the concentration sensor is configured to detect a concentration of seawater in the evaporation water tank, the second electromagnetic valve is connected to the first outlet and the second water pump, respectively, and when the concentration of seawater is greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold, new seawater in the evaporation water tank is discharged back to the waste heat exchange tank through the second water pump and the second electromagnetic valve. Through setting up concentration sensor at evaporating water tank, can the sea water concentration in the real-time detection evaporating water tank, second solenoid valve intercommunication first export and second water pump in addition, along with the water content of the sea water in the evaporating water tank reduces, when sea water concentration is greater than or equal to and predetermines the concentration threshold value, second water pump work, second solenoid valve opens the sea water pump with in the evaporating water tank and goes into surplus heat exchange pond, can reduce the sea water concentration in the evaporating water tank, simultaneously for the sea water of surplus heat exchange pond input relative high concentration, in order to provide the heat transfer source.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the solar evaporation device further comprises a third water pump, the pipeline is provided with a fan, and the third water pump is used for pumping the fresh seawater in the evaporation water tank to the condensed water tank through the pipeline. Through set up the third water pump in evaporating water tank, the third water pump provides power and passes through the pipeline with the new sea water in the evaporating water tank and take out and send to the comdenstion water tank in, in addition, the pipeline still is provided with the fan, because most new sea water is heated evaporation water vapor in evaporating water tank, the fan rotates and can acceleratees the water vapor and enter into the comdenstion water tank and condense.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the semiconductor refrigerator has a cooling surface and a heating surface on two sides, the cooling surface is disposed on an inner side of the condensed water tank, and the heating surface is disposed on an outer side of the condensed water tank. Through set up semiconductor cooler at the condensate tank, semiconductor cooler's refrigeration face is located the condensate tank inboard, and the face of heating is located the condensate tank outside, and the refrigeration face constitutes a refrigeration pond with the condensate tank for the inside temperature of condensate tank is low, and steam is in the water smoke state, is close to or changes into liquid fresh water after contacting the refrigeration face, accomplishes the condensation process more effectively.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the semiconductor refrigerator is obliquely disposed to the condensed water tank, a second outlet is disposed at a bottom of the condensed water tank, and one end of the semiconductor refrigerator faces the second outlet. Through placing semiconductor cooler slope, the refrigeration face is the mode of slope placing also, utilizes the action of gravity to accomplish fresh water discharge process more conveniently.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the heat exchange tubes are serpentine coils. The heat exchange tubes are designed into the serpentine coil, so that the heat exchange area is increased, the heat exchange efficiency of the concentrated seawater and the new seawater is improved, and the seawater preheating device is more compact.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seawater desalination system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
It will be understood that references to orientation descriptions, such as references to upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise expressly limited, the terms set, mounted, connected and the like are to be construed broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in consideration of the technical details.
In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a seawater desalination system 100, including a seawater preheating device 200, a solar evaporation device 300, and a refrigeration device 400, where the seawater preheating device 200 includes a heat exchange tube 210 and a waste heat exchange tank 220, the heat exchange tube 210 is disposed in the waste heat exchange tank 220, the waste heat exchange tank 220 stores high-temperature concentrated seawater flowing from top to bottom, and the heat exchange tube 210 is used for performing waste heat conversion between low-temperature fresh seawater and high-temperature concentrated seawater in the tube; the solar evaporation device 300 comprises an evaporation water tank 310, the evaporation water tank 310 is connected to the first outlet 221 of the waste heat exchange tank 220, the heat exchange pipe 210 is communicated with the first outlet 221, fresh seawater enters the evaporation water tank 310 from the first outlet 221, and the solar evaporation device 300 is used for heating and evaporating the fresh seawater into water vapor; the refrigerating apparatus 400 includes a condensed water tank 410 and a semiconductor refrigerator 420, the condensed water tank 410 is connected to the solar evaporation apparatus 300 through a pipe 500, the semiconductor refrigerator 420 is disposed in the condensed water tank 410, and the semiconductor refrigerator 420 is used for condensing water vapor into fresh water.
By arranging the seawater preheating device 200, the waste heat exchange tank 220 stores high-temperature concentrated seawater flowing from top to bottom, the high-temperature concentrated seawater contains a large amount of heat, and the low-temperature fresh seawater flowing in the heat exchange pipe 210 is directly contacted with the high-temperature concentrated seawater through the heat exchange pipe 210, the waste heat can be reused by heat exchange between the fresh seawater and the high-temperature concentrated seawater, and after the fresh seawater is preheated at the heat exchange pipe 210, flows out of the waste heat exchange tank 220 through the first outlet 221 and enters the evaporation water tank 310, the solar evaporation device 300 heats and evaporates fresh seawater into water vapor by using solar energy, and is more environment-friendly and energy-saving, the water vapor enters the condensation water tank 410 through the pipeline 500, the water vapor is condensed into fresh water by using the semiconductor refrigerator 420, the refrigeration efficiency can be improved, and the seawater desalination cost can be greatly reduced by combining the solar thermoelectric and semiconductor refrigeration technology.
It should be noted that the high-temperature concentrated seawater outside the heat exchange tube 210 is wastewater and contains a large amount of heat, a certain temperature difference exists between the low-temperature fresh seawater inside the heat exchange tube 210 and the high-temperature concentrated seawater outside the heat exchange tube, and the heat is spontaneously transferred to the relatively low-temperature fresh seawater by the high-temperature concentrated seawater, so as to realize the waste heat conversion process. In addition, the waste heat exchange tank 220 adopts a mode of high-temperature concentrated seawater going in and out, which is beneficial to the smooth discharge of high-temperature concentrated seawater and salts, and can improve the efficiency of waste heat conversion. In addition, the inner wall of the waste heat exchange pool 220 is provided with a heat insulation layer, so that energy loss can be reduced.
The new seawater is preheated at the heat exchange tube 210 in the waste heat exchange pool 220, enters the evaporation water tank 310 to be evaporated, is heated into steam in the evaporation water tank 310, enters the condensation water tank 410 in a gas state, is condensed into a liquid state through the semiconductor refrigerator 420, and is discharged after being changed into a finished fresh water product. The evaporation process is completed through solar energy, the condensation process is completed through a semiconductor refrigeration technology, the requirements for evaporation and refrigeration in seawater desalination can be met, the refrigeration speed can be obviously improved, the energy consumption of the seawater desalination system 100 is greatly reduced, the seawater desalination system 100 is more efficient and energy-saving, and the solar energy condensation system has important significance for ensuring the industrial production requirements and meeting the requirements of people on life and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a solar photovoltaic panel 600 is further included, the solar photovoltaic panel 600 is electrically connected to the seawater preheating device 200, the solar evaporation device 300 and the refrigeration device 400, respectively, and the solar photovoltaic panel 600 is used for providing electric energy. The solar photovoltaic panel 600 absorbs solar energy to realize photoelectric conversion, natural solar energy is efficiently utilized to provide power for each component in the seawater desalination system 100, and the seawater preheating device 200, the solar evaporation device 300 and the refrigeration device 400 are all powered by the solar photovoltaic panel 600, so that the seawater desalination system 100 has the characteristics of low energy consumption, low cost, environmental protection and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the seawater preheating device 200 further comprises a first water pump 230, the first water pump 230 is connected to an inlet of the heat exchange pipe 210, and the first water pump 230 is used for pumping fresh seawater into the heat exchange pipe 210. By connecting the first water pump 230 to the inlet of the heat exchange pipe 210, after the first water pump 230 is started, a certain amount of fresh seawater can be pumped into the heat exchange pipe 210, so that the fresh seawater can be preheated at the heat exchange pipe 210.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the seawater preheating device 200 further includes a temperature sensor 240 and a first electromagnetic valve 250, the temperature sensor 240 is disposed on the waste heat exchange tank 220, the temperature sensor 240 is used for detecting the temperature of the seawater in the waste heat exchange tank 220, a drain pipe 222 is disposed at the bottom of the waste heat exchange tank 220, the first electromagnetic valve 250 is disposed on the drain pipe 222, and when the temperature of the seawater is less than a preset temperature threshold, the first electromagnetic valve 250 is opened to discharge the high-temperature concentrated seawater. Through setting up temperature sensor 240 at waste heat exchange pond 220, can real-time detection waste heat exchange pond 220 in the sea water temperature of high temperature rich seawater, set up drain pipe 222 in the bottom of waste heat exchange pond 220 in addition, drain pipe 222 is used for discharging high temperature rich seawater, through setting up first solenoid valve 250 at drain pipe 222, when the sea water temperature of high temperature rich seawater is not enough to play preheating effect, when sea water temperature is less than preset temperature threshold promptly, then open first solenoid valve 250, discharge high temperature rich seawater, can effectively prolong heat transfer time.
It should be noted that the seawater desalination system 100 is provided with a control device, the control device is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 240 and the first electromagnetic valve 250, when the seawater temperature of the high-temperature concentrated seawater in the waste heat exchange tank 220 drops to a certain value, the temperature sensor 240 outputs a signal to the control device, and the control device controls the first electromagnetic valve 250 to open.
It can be understood that the control device can control the first electromagnetic valve 250 to be opened every first time threshold, so as to realize the effect of discharging the high-temperature concentrated seawater at regular time, which is beneficial to improving the heat exchange efficiency.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a solar trough collector 320 is provided outside the evaporation water tank 310. Through setting up solar energy slot type heat collector 320, realize accomplishing the evaporation process to natural resources solar energy, environmental protection high-efficiently more. In addition, the heat absorption area of the trough collector is obviously increased compared with that of a plane collector, so that the heat collection efficiency is greatly improved, more heat is provided for the evaporation water tank 310, and the evaporation speed is accelerated.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the solar evaporation apparatus 300 further includes a concentration sensor 330, a second electromagnetic valve 340 and a second water pump 350, the concentration sensor 330 and the second water pump 350 are disposed in the evaporation water tank 310, the concentration sensor 330 is used for detecting the concentration of the seawater in the evaporation water tank 310, the second electromagnetic valve 340 is connected to the first outlet 221 and the second water pump 350, respectively, and when the concentration of the seawater is greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold, the fresh seawater in the evaporation water tank 310 is discharged back to the heat exchange tank 220 through the second water pump 350 and the second electromagnetic valve 340. Through setting up concentration sensor 330 at evaporating water tank 310, can the sea water concentration in real-time detection evaporating water tank 310, second solenoid valve 340 intercommunication first export 221 and second water pump 350 in addition, along with the water content of sea water reduces in evaporating water tank 310, when sea water concentration is greater than or equal to the concentration threshold value of predetermineeing, second water pump 350 works, second solenoid valve 340 is opened and is gone into waste heat exchange pond 220 with the sea water pump in evaporating water tank 310, can reduce the sea water concentration in evaporating water tank 310, simultaneously for the sea water of waste heat exchange pond 220 input relatively high concentration, in order to provide the heat transfer source.
It should be noted that the seawater desalination system 100 is provided with a control device, the control device is respectively connected with the concentration sensor 330, the second water pump 350 and the second electromagnetic valve 340, when the concentration of the seawater in the evaporation water tank 310 reaches the critical temperature, the concentration sensor 330 sends an alarm output signal to the control device, the control device controls the second water pump 350 and the second electromagnetic valve 340 to work, and the seawater in the evaporation water tank 310 is discharged back to the waste heat exchange tank 220 through the second electromagnetic valve 340 under the action of the second water pump 350.
In one embodiment, when the concentration of seawater in the evaporation water tank 310 is too low, for example, when the concentration of seawater is lower than or equal to the low concentration threshold, the control device controls the first water pump 230 to pump seawater to start a new operation.
In an embodiment, a desalination device is disposed on the inner surface of the evaporation water tank 310, when the concentration of seawater in the evaporation water tank 310 is too high, that is, the concentration of salt is too high, for example, when the concentration of seawater is higher than or equal to a high concentration threshold, which may affect the working efficiency of the solar evaporation device 300, the desalination device is controlled by the control device to work, and when the desalination device works, the forward and reverse motors drive the chains to make the desalination knife perform reciprocating motion to remove salt, and the salt attached to the inner surface of the evaporation water tank 310 is removed, so as to improve the working efficiency of the system.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the solar evaporation apparatus 300 further comprises a third water pump 360, the pipe 500 is provided with a fan 510, and the third water pump 360 is used for pumping fresh seawater in the evaporation water tank 310 to the condensation water tank 410 through the pipe 500. Through set up third water pump 360 in evaporating water tank 310, third water pump 360 provides power and pumps the new sea water in evaporating water tank 310 to condensate tank 410 through pipeline 500 in addition, pipeline 500 still is provided with fan 510, because most new sea water is heated in evaporating water tank 310 and is evaporated into steam, fan 510 rotates and can accelerate steam and enter into condensate tank 410 and condense.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the cooling surface 421 and the heating surface 422 are respectively disposed at both sides of the semiconductor refrigerator 420, the cooling surface 421 is disposed at an inner side of the condensed water tank 410, and the heating surface 422 is disposed at an outer side of the condensed water tank 410. By arranging the semiconductor refrigerator 420 on the condensed water tank 410, the refrigerating surface 421 of the semiconductor refrigerator 420 is positioned on the inner side of the condensed water tank 410, the heating surface 422 is positioned on the outer side of the condensed water tank 410, and the refrigerating surface 421 and the condensed water tank 410 form a refrigerating pool, so that the temperature in the condensed water tank 410 is low, the water vapor is in a water mist state, and is easier to become liquid fresh water after approaching or contacting the refrigerating surface 421, and the condensation process is more effectively finished.
It should be noted that, the semiconductor refrigerator 420 completes the condensation process of seawater by utilizing the characteristics of heating and cooling after the semiconductor metal plate is electrified according to the peltier effect, and the metal plate can generate the effects of heating and cooling by introducing direct current into the closed loop formed by the P-type semiconductor material and the N-type semiconductor material, wherein the condensation process of seawater is completed by utilizing the cooling surface 421.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a semiconductor refrigerator 420 is slantly disposed at a condensed water tank 410, a second outlet 411 is disposed at the bottom of the condensed water tank 410, and one end of the semiconductor refrigerator 420 faces the second outlet 411. Through placing semiconductor cooler 420 slope, refrigeration face 421 is the mode of slope placing too, and the action of gravity is utilized to the aqueous vapor after being close to or contacting refrigeration face 421 becomes liquid fresh water, can follow second export 411 and discharge, accomplishes fresh water discharge process more conveniently.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat exchange tubes 210 are serpentine coils according to some embodiments of the present invention. The heat exchange tube 210 is designed into a serpentine coil, so that the heat exchange area is increased, the heat exchange efficiency of the concentrated seawater and the new seawater is improved, and the seawater preheating device 200 is more compact.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the electric energy required by the first water pump 230, the second water pump 350, the third water pump 360, the fan 510, the solar trough collector 320, the temperature sensor 240, the concentration sensor 330, and other components is provided by the solar photovoltaic panel 600, which has the characteristics of environmental protection, high efficiency, and energy saving, so that the seawater desalination system 100 realizes zero energy consumption.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A seawater desalination system comprising:
the seawater preheating device comprises a heat exchange tube and a waste heat exchange pool, the heat exchange tube is arranged in the waste heat exchange pool, the waste heat exchange pool stores high-temperature concentrated seawater flowing from top to bottom, and the heat exchange tube is used for performing waste heat conversion on low-temperature fresh seawater in the tube and the high-temperature concentrated seawater;
the solar evaporation device comprises an evaporation water tank, the evaporation water tank is connected to a first outlet of the waste heat exchange tank, the heat exchange pipe is communicated with the first outlet, the fresh seawater enters the evaporation water tank from the first outlet, and the solar evaporation device is used for heating and evaporating the fresh seawater into steam;
the refrigerating device comprises a condensed water tank and a semiconductor refrigerator, the condensed water tank is connected with the solar evaporation device through a pipeline, the semiconductor refrigerator is arranged in the condensed water tank, and the semiconductor refrigerator is used for condensing the water vapor into fresh water.
2. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, further comprising a solar photovoltaic panel, wherein the solar photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to the seawater preheating device, the solar evaporation device and the refrigeration device, respectively, and the solar photovoltaic panel is used for providing electric energy.
3. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the seawater preheating device further comprises a first water pump, the first water pump is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange tube, and the first water pump is used for pumping the fresh seawater into the heat exchange tube.
4. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the seawater preheating device further comprises a temperature sensor and a first electromagnetic valve, the temperature sensor is disposed in the waste heat exchange tank, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the seawater in the waste heat exchange tank, a drain pipe is disposed at the bottom of the waste heat exchange tank, the first electromagnetic valve is disposed in the drain pipe, and when the temperature of the seawater is less than a preset temperature threshold value, the first electromagnetic valve is opened to discharge the high-temperature concentrated seawater.
5. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein a solar trough collector is disposed outside the evaporation water tank.
6. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the solar evaporation apparatus further comprises a concentration sensor, a second electromagnetic valve and a second water pump, the concentration sensor and the second water pump are disposed in the evaporation water tank, the concentration sensor is configured to detect a concentration of seawater in the evaporation water tank, the second electromagnetic valve is respectively connected to the first outlet and the second water pump, and when the concentration of seawater is greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold, new seawater in the evaporation water tank is discharged back to the waste heat exchange tank through the second water pump and the second electromagnetic valve.
7. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the solar evaporation device further comprises a third water pump, the pipeline is provided with a fan, and the third water pump is used for pumping fresh seawater in the evaporation water tank to the condensation water tank through the pipeline.
8. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor refrigerator has a cooling surface and a heating surface on two sides, the cooling surface is disposed on an inner side of the condensed water tank, and the heating surface is disposed on an outer side of the condensed water tank.
9. The seawater desalination system of claim 8, wherein the semiconductor refrigerator is obliquely arranged on the condensed water tank, a second outlet is arranged at the bottom of the condensed water tank, and one end of the semiconductor refrigerator faces the second outlet.
10. The seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange tube is a serpentine coil.
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| CN202210164014.1A CN114604921A (en) | 2022-02-22 | 2022-02-22 | Seawater desalination system |
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| CN202210164014.1A CN114604921A (en) | 2022-02-22 | 2022-02-22 | Seawater desalination system |
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Application publication date: 20220610 |