CN114603845A - A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite in-line polarized 3D printing head - Google Patents

Abstract

A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head, comprising a mixing module, a feeding port of the mixing module is connected with the feeding port of the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module and the polymer feeding module, and the material mixing The outlet of the module is connected to the inlet of the polarization module, the outlet of the polarization module is connected to the inlet of the material extrusion module, and the polarization module is connected to the truss part; when using, first heat the mixing module and Polarization module; polymer materials and piezoelectric ceramic materials enter the mixing module for mixing, and enter the polarization module for polarization under the push of the screw to form the wire of the polarized piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material. In the printing process of the 3D printer, the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material wire forms the parts according to the 3D printing method; the present invention realizes the 3D printing forming of the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material parts, and can obtain different material compositions and piezoelectric properties of each part. large-scale 3D artifacts.

Description

A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite in-line polarized 3D printing head

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of piezoelectric composite material 3D printing, in particular to an online polarization 3D printing head of piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material.

Background technique

Due to its superior performance and characteristics, ceramic piezoelectric materials are widely used in high-tech fields such as electronics, information, and aerospace. However, piezoelectric ceramic materials are brittle and difficult to process, which greatly limits their application in engineering structures. ;Polymer has the advantages of good fluidity, convenient molding, good processability, can enhance the adhesion, corrosion resistance, processability of composite materials, and can design its structure; 3D printing technology refers to the printing head in the program control Then, the material is filled and manufactured according to the cross-sectional information of the current layer, and then the required parts are rapidly manufactured by layer-by-layer accumulation, which can manufacture any complex parts and have a good degree of printing freedom; therefore, using the 3D printing manufacturing method, choose Appropriate high molecular polymer and piezoelectric ceramic composite materials have great practical application value to manufacture piezoelectric composite parts with excellent performance.

According to the relationship between the polarization treatment and the 3D printing forming process, the process of piezoelectric composite 3D printing can be divided into three categories: pre-manufacturing polarization, post-manufacturing polarization and online polarization. There are three problems in the current 3D printing process of piezoelectric composites:

1. Due to the Curie point temperature of piezoelectric materials, the piezoelectric effect will be lost if the temperature is higher than this temperature. Therefore, the pre-manufacturing polarization can only be used for the 3D printing process in which the material is not heated during the manufacturing process, which also limits the choice of materials. .

2. The polarization after manufacturing is exactly the same as the 3D printing process of conventional ceramics and their composite materials in the production of parts. The polarization treatment is performed after the parts are prepared. However, due to the voltage limitation of the polarization equipment, the polarization of large-sized parts cannot be realized. At the same time, the overall polarization of the part in the electric field makes the electric domain direction and polarization degree of the part tend to be consistent, and the programmable manufacturing of the piezoelectric performance of the part cannot be realized.

3. Among the existing 3D printing online polarization methods, there are mainly air contact polarization assisted 3D printing (Kim H, Fernando T, Li MY, et al. Fabrication and characterization of 3D printed BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites[J].Journal of Composite Materials, 2018, 52(2):197-206.) and corona polarization assisted 3D printing (Kim H, Torres F, Wu Y, et al. Integrated 3D printing and corona poling process of PVDF piezoelectric films for pressure sensorapplication [J]. Smart Materials and Structures, 2017, 26(8):085027.). Air contact polarization assisted 3D printing, by applying an electrostatic field between the substrate and the nozzle of the material extrusion equipment, the parts in the printing process are polarized by the method of air contact polarization, but limited by the air breakdown electric field, Only applicable to thin film parts (Lee C, Tarbutton JA. Electric poling-assisted additive manufacturing process for PVDF polymer-based piezoelectric device applications [J]. Smart Materials and Structures, 2014, 23(9):095044.). Corona polarization assists 3D printing. The air is ionized by the corona needle tip at the nozzle, and then the piezoelectric material is polarized. However, corona polarization can only be used for the polarization of the surface piezoelectric material. The polarizability of piezoelectric ceramics in polymers is insufficient. Therefore, it can be seen that the two existing online polarization 3D printing methods are also difficult to be used for polarization processing in the 3D printing process of 3D large-scale parts, and also lack the ability to programmably control piezoelectric properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the above shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head, which satisfies the online polarization of piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material three-dimensional large-size parts 3D printing, and the ability to programmably control piezoelectric properties, explore a new online polarization 3D printing process for piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head, comprising a mixing module 1, a feeding port of the mixing module 1, a piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5, and a feeding port of the polymer feeding module 6. Connection, the outlet of the mixing module 1 is connected to the inlet of the polarization module 2, the outlet of the polarization module 2 is connected to the inlet of the material extrusion module 3, and the polarization module 2 is connected to the truss part 4 superior.

The mixing module 1 includes a melt cavity 1-7, the upper feeding port 1-1 of the melt cavity 1-7 is connected to the polymer feeding module 6, and the lower feeding port of the melt cavity 1-7 1-8 is connected to the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5. The melt cavity 1-7 is provided with a screw 1-4. The screw 1-4 is connected with the feeding servo motor 1-2 through the reducer 1-3. The feeding servo motor 1- 2 is installed above the melt chamber 1-7; the melt chamber 1-7 is provided with a first heating tube 1-5 and a first thermal sensor 1-6 for maintaining the melt chamber 1-7 temperature is constant.

The polarization module 2 includes a constant temperature housing 2-7, the upper part of the constant temperature housing 2-7 is connected with the lower end of the melt chamber 1-7, and the constant temperature housing 2-7 is internally connected with a throat pipe 2-2, and the throat pipe 2 -2 The inlet is communicated with the outlet of the melt chamber 1-7; the electrode sheet 2-5 arranged in parallel outside the throat 2-2, the electrode sheet 2-5 passes through the insulating pad block 2-4 and the insulating gasket 2-3 on the outside thereof The support is fixed in the thermostatic housing 2-7; the thermostatic housing 2-7 is provided with a second heating tube 2-8 and a second thermal sensor 2-1 for maintaining the temperature of the polarization module 2 constant.

When the electrode sheet 2-5 is connected to a high voltage, a parallel electric field for polarization is generated, and the electrostatic field strength between the electrode sheets 2-5 is controlled in real time by changing the external voltage.

The truss part 4 includes a truss 4-1, and the thermostatic housing 2-7 is mounted on the truss 4-1 and fixed with truss fixing screws 4-2.

The material extrusion module 3 includes a copper nozzle 3-1, the copper nozzle 3-1 is connected to the bottom of the thermostatic housing 2-7, and the inlet of the copper nozzle 3-1 is connected to the outlet of the throat pipe 2-2.

The outlet of the polymer feeding module 6 and piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 is provided with a second material one-way control valve 6-2, a first material one-way control valve 5-2, and the polymer feeding module 6, The inlet of the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 is provided with a second material quantitative feeder 6-1 and a first material quantitative feeder 5-1 to control the composition ratio of the two materials of the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material.

The method for using a piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarized 3D printing head includes the following steps:

1) Install the online polarization print head in the 3D printer, load materials into the polymer feeding module 6 and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5, and feed the first heating tube 1-5 and the second heating tube 2-8 respectively. Power on and heat until the temperature in the melt cavity 1-7 exceeds the melting point temperature of the polymer material, and the thermostatic housing 2-7 reaches the preset polarization temperature;

2) Under the action of the second material one-way control valve 6-2, the polymer material enters the mixing module 1, becomes a molten state under the heating of the melt chamber 1-7, and is driven by the screw 1-4. Polarization module moves in 2 directions;

3) Under the action of the first material one-way control valve 5-2, the piezoelectric ceramic material enters the melt chamber 1-7 from the lower side feed port 1-8 and is mixed with the polymer material, and then the screw 1-4 Under the push of , enter the throat 2-2 for polarization treatment;

4) A high-voltage electrostatic field is generated through the electrode sheets 2-5. The polymer material melt acts as a dielectric and provides a high temperature environment for the piezoelectric ceramics, which constitutes the elements required for polarization and provides a polarization environment for the polarized piezoelectric ceramic particles. The direction of the electric domain of the piezoelectric ceramic particles in the composite material tends to be consistent;

5) The polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material is finally extruded from the copper nozzle 3-1 to form a polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer ceramic wire. With the printing process of the 3D printer, the piezoelectric Ceramic-polymer composite filaments form parts according to the 3D printing method.

The G codes used in the printing process are added with codes capable of controlling the feeding servo motor, polarization temperature, and polarization field strength, so as to realize the regulation of material components, mechanical properties and piezoelectric properties.

The polymer is made of polymer particles or polymer silk material, and the piezoelectric ceramic material is made of piezoelectric ceramic particles. In the process of use, a wire making machine is used in advance to make polymer particles and piezoelectric ceramic particles into polymer-pressed materials. The wire of the electrical composite material is fed into the wire of the polymer-piezoelectric composite material from the upper feed port 1-1, and a wire feeding device is connected to the upper feed port 1-1 at the same time.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention combines the electrostatic field polarization principle and the material extrusion molding 3D printing principle, and can complete the polarization of the part material in the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material molding process; In manufacturing, the real-time quantitative supply of the material to be composited can also be realized by controlling the second material quantitative feeder 6-1 and the first material quantitative feeder 5-1, and by changing the external voltage, the real-time control of the gap between the electrode sheets 2-5 can be realized. The strength of the electrostatic field can be obtained to obtain parts with different material compositions and piezoelectric properties, which meets the needs of the parts for the diversity of mechanical and electrical properties.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the online polarization 3D printing head of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the feeding and mixing part of the online polarization 3D printing head of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the polarized extrusion part of the online polarized 3D printing head of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

As shown in Figure 1, a piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head includes a mixing module 1, a feeding port of the mixing module 1, a piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5, a polymer feeding The outlet of module 6 is connected, the outlet of mixing module 1 is connected to the inlet of polarization module 2, the outlet of polarization module 2 is connected to the inlet of material extrusion module 3, the polarization module 2 is attached to the truss part 4.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the mixing module 1 includes a melt chamber 1-7, and the upper feed port 1-1 of the melt chamber 1-7 is connected to the polymer feeding module 6, and the melt chamber The lower side feeding ports 1-8 of 1-7 are connected to the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5. The polymer feeding module 6 and the outlet of the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 are provided with a second material one-way control valve 6-2, The first material one-way control valve 5-2 prevents backflow; the polymer feeding module 6 and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 are provided with a second material quantitative feeder 6-1 and a first material quantitative feeder at the inlets 5-1, control the composition ratio of the two materials of the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material; the melt cavity 1-7 is provided with a screw 1-4, and the screw 1-4 passes through the reducer 1-3 and the feeding servo motor 1 -2 is connected, the feeding servo motor 1-2 is installed above the melt cavity 1-7, and the feeding servo motor 1-2 drives the screw 1-4 to rotate to make the composite material move in the direction of the polarization module 2; the melt cavity 1-7 is provided with a first heating tube 1-5 and a first thermal sensor 1-6 for maintaining a constant temperature of the melt chamber 1-7.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the polarization module 2 includes a constant temperature housing 2-7, the upper part of the constant temperature housing 2-7 is connected with the lower end of the melt chamber 1-7, and the inside of the constant temperature housing 2-7 is connected with a Throat pipe 2-2, the inlet of throat pipe 2-2 is connected with the outlet of melt chamber 1-7; the electrode sheet 2-5 arranged in parallel outside the throat pipe 2-2, when the electrode sheet 2-5 is connected with high voltage, the Due to the polarized parallel electric field, the electrostatic field strength between the electrode sheets 2-5 is controlled in real time by changing the external voltage; Inside the thermostatic housing 2-7; the thermostatic housing 2-7 is provided with a second heating tube 2-8 and a second thermal sensor 2-1 for maintaining the temperature of the polarization module 2 constant.

The truss part 4 includes a truss 4-1, and the thermostatic housing 2-7 is mounted on the truss 4-1 and fixed with truss fixing screws 4-2.

The material extrusion module 3 includes a copper nozzle 3-1, the copper nozzle 3-1 is connected to the bottom of the thermostatic housing 2-7, the inlet of the copper nozzle 3-1 is connected with the outlet of the throat 2-2, and the polarized Piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite extrusion.

The method for using a piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarized 3D printing head includes the following steps:

1) Install the online polarization print head in the 3D printer, load materials into the polymer feeding module 6 and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5, and feed the first heating tube 1-5 and the second heating tube 2-8 respectively. Power on and heat until the temperature in the melt cavity 1-7 exceeds the melting point temperature of the polymer material, and the thermostatic housing 2-7 reaches the preset polarization temperature;

2) Under the action of the second material one-way control valve 6-2, the polymer material enters the mixing module 1, becomes a molten state under the heating of the melt chamber 1-7, and is driven by the screw 1-4. Polarization module moves in 2 directions;

3) Under the action of the first material one-way control valve 5-2, the piezoelectric ceramic material enters the melt chamber 1-7 from the lower side feed port 1-8 and is mixed with the polymer material, and then the screw 1-4 Under the push of , enter the throat 2-2 for polarization treatment;

4) A high-voltage electrostatic field is generated through the electrode sheets 2-5. The polymer material melt acts as a dielectric and provides a high temperature environment for the piezoelectric ceramics, which constitutes the elements required for polarization and provides a polarization environment for the polarized piezoelectric ceramic particles. The direction of the electric domain of the piezoelectric ceramic particles in the composite material tends to be consistent;

5) The polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material is finally extruded from the copper nozzle 3-1 to form a polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer ceramic wire. With the printing process of the 3D printer, the piezoelectric The ceramic-polymer composite material wire is formed into parts according to the 3D printing method; the G code used in the printing process is added to the code that can control the feeding servo motor, polarization temperature, and polarization field strength, so as to realize the material composition and mechanical properties. and control of piezoelectric properties.

The polymer is made of polymer particles or polymer filaments, and the piezoelectric ceramic material is made of piezoelectric ceramic particles. During use, a wire making machine can be used in advance to make polymer particles and piezoelectric ceramic particles into polymer- The wire of the piezoelectric composite material is fed into the wire of the polymer-piezoelectric composite material from the upper feed port 1-1, and a wire feeding device is connected to the upper feed port 1-1 at the same time.

Claims (10)

1. A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head, characterized in that: comprising a mixing module (1), a polarization module (2) and a material extrusion module (3), the mixing module ( The feeding port of 1) is connected with the feeding port of the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module (5) and the feeding port of the polymer feeding module (6), and the feeding port of the mixing module (1) is connected with the feeding port of the polarization module (2). The material port is connected, the discharge port of the polarizing module (2) is connected with the feeding port of the material extruding module (3), and the polarizing module (2) is connected to the truss part (4). 2. A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixing module (1) comprises a melt cavity (1-7), and the melt The upper feeding port (1-1) of the body cavity (1-7) is connected to the polymer feeding module (6), and the lower feeding port (1-8) of the melt cavity (1-7) is connected to the piezoelectric The ceramic feeding module (5), the melt chamber (1-7) is provided with a screw (1-4), and the screw (1-4) is connected to the feeding servo motor (1-2) through a reducer (1-3) , the feeding servo motor (1-2) is installed above the melt chamber (1-7); the melt chamber (1-7) is provided with a first heating tube (1-5) and a first thermal Sensors (1-6) for maintaining the temperature of the melt chamber (1-7) constant. 3. A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head according to claim 2, characterized in that: the polarization module (2) comprises a constant temperature housing (2-7), a constant temperature The upper part of the shell (2-7) is connected with the lower end of the melt chamber (1-7), and the inner part of the thermostatic shell (2-7) is connected with a throat (2-2), the inlet of the throat (2-2) and the melt The outlet of the cavity (1-7) is communicated; an electrode sheet (2-5) is arranged in parallel on the outside of the throat (2-2), and the electrode sheet (2-5) passes through the insulating pad (2-4) and the insulating gasket on the outside thereof (2-3) is supported and fixed in the thermostatic housing (2-7); the thermostatic housing (2-7) is provided with a second heating tube (2-8) and a second thermal sensor (2-1), Used to maintain the temperature of the polarization module (2) constant. 4. A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material in-line polarized 3D printing head according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the electrode sheet (2-5) is connected to a high voltage, an By changing the external voltage, the electrostatic field strength between the electrode sheets (2-5) is controlled in real time. 5. A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head according to claim 3, characterized in that: the truss part (4) comprises a truss (4-1), a constant temperature shell ( 2-7) Install it on the truss (4-1) and fix it with the truss fixing screws (4-2). 6. A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head according to claim 3, characterized in that: the material extrusion module (3) comprises a copper nozzle (3-1), and the copper The mouth (3-1) is connected to the bottom of the thermostatic housing (2-7), and the inlet of the copper mouth (3-1) is connected with the outlet of the throat (2-2). 7. A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polymer feeding module (6), the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module (5) ) outlet is provided with the second material one-way control valve (6-2), the first material one-way control valve (5-2), the inlet of the polymer feeding module (6) and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module (5) A second material quantitative feeder (6-1) and a first material quantitative feeder (5-1) are arranged at the place to control the composition ratio of the two materials of the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material. 8. The online polarization 3D printing head of a piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material according to claim 7, wherein the using method comprises the following steps: 1) Install the online polarization print head in the 3D printer, load the polymer feeding module (6) and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module (5) with materials, and feed the first heating tube (1-5) and the first heating tube (1-5) respectively. The two heating tubes (2-8) are energized and heated until the temperature in the melt chamber (1-7) exceeds the melting point temperature of the polymer material, and the thermostatic housing (2-7) reaches a preset polarization temperature; 2) The polymer material enters the mixing module (1) under the action of the second material one-way control valve (6-2), becomes a molten state under the heating of the melt chamber (1-7), and is heated in the screw (1-7). 1-4), move toward the direction of polarization module 2; 3) Under the action of the first material one-way control valve (5-2), the piezoelectric ceramic material enters the melt chamber (1-7) from the lower side feeding port (1-8) and is mixed with the polymer material, Then, driven by the screw (1-4), it enters the throat (2-2) for polarization treatment; 4) A high-voltage electrostatic field is generated by the electrode sheet (2-5), and the polymer material melt acts as a dielectric and provides a high-temperature environment for the piezoelectric ceramics, which constitutes the elements required for polarization and provides polarization for the polarized piezoelectric ceramic particles. environment, so that the direction of the electric domain of the piezoelectric ceramic particles in the composite material tends to be consistent; 5) The polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material is finally extruded from the copper nozzle (3-1) to form a polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer ceramic wire. With the printing process of the 3D printer, Piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite filaments form parts according to the 3D printing method. 9. The use method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the G code used in the printing process is added with a code capable of controlling the feeding servo motor, polarization temperature, and polarization field strength, thereby realizing the material group. The regulation of molecular, mechanical and piezoelectric properties. 10. The use method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the polymer adopts polymer particles or polymer wire material, and the piezoelectric ceramic material adopts piezoelectric ceramic particles, and a wire making machine is used in advance during the use process. , the polymer particles and the piezoelectric ceramic particles are made into the wire of the polymer-piezoelectric composite material, and the wire of the polymer-piezoelectric composite material is fed from the upper material port (1-1), and the wire of the polymer-piezoelectric composite material is fed into the upper The side feed port (1-1) is connected to the wire feeding device.

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