CN114596380B - Contour line drawing method based on ArcGIS and AutoCAD - Google Patents
Contour line drawing method based on ArcGIS and AutoCAD Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a contour line drawing method based on ArcGIS and AutoCAD, which comprises the following steps: s1, downloading needed digital elevation model data matched with real topography, opening the data in an ArcGIS, and extracting a contour line to obtain a contour line shp map layer; s2, adding entity attributes in CAD for the Contour shp layer, and assigning a 'content' attribute in the Contour shp layer to the Elevation in the CAD attribute in an attribute table; checking whether a contour crossing phenomenon exists in the contour shp layer or not; s3, exporting by using an ArcGIS contour shp layer to obtain a dwg format file; s4, opening the dwg format file by utilizing an AutoCAD, and grouping the contour lines to obtain the dwg format file of the contour lines with the three-dimensional multi-section lines and the two-dimensional multi-section lines; s5, opening a dwg format file by using the ArcGIS, and converting the three-dimensional multi-section line in the contour line into a two-dimensional multi-section line to obtain a contour line shp layer; s6, exporting the contour map layer again by using the ArcGIS into a dwg format file, wherein the dwg format file is provided with the contour map layer containing elevation information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering, in particular to a river basin contour drawing method based on ArcGIS and AutoCAD.
Background
AutoCAD software is useful for two-dimensional drawing, detailed drawing, design documentation, and basic three-dimensional design, and has become a widely used drawing tool internationally. The dwg file format of AutoCAD expresses space objects through points, lines, planes, marks and symbols, and visualizes space entity elements through colors, layers, marks and the like. In practical engineering applications, autoCAD software is generally used to draw a floor plan, a cross-sectional view, and the like, and AutoCAD software is also commonly used to draw contour lines. When mapping contours, an early-stage terrain survey is often required as a terrain base for construction map mapping. And when there is no topography map of the survey, it is inconvenient to draw directly with AutoCAD software.
In recent years, with the improvement of the data processing capability of a computer, the wide use of digital measuring instruments and the rapid development of computer graphics technology, the application of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which is a physical ground model for representing the ground elevation in the form of a set of ordered value arrays, is increasingly popular, and the precision is gradually improved, wherein the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a digital simulation of the real ground topography (i.e., the digital expression of the topography surface morphology) through limited topography elevation data. If the terrain attribute in the DEM can be used for engineering service to carry out the contour line drawing work more, the contour line drawing work can be changed under the condition of no early-stage terrain survey, and the efficiency and the accuracy of the contour line drawing work are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a drainage basin contour drawing method based on ArcGIS and AutoCAD, which can utilize a digital elevation model as a data source to draw contour, so as to improve efficiency and accuracy of contour drawing work.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a contour line drawing method based on ArcGIS and AutoCAD, comprising the following steps:
s1, downloading needed digital elevation model data matched with real topography, opening the data in an ArcGIS, and extracting a Contour line by using a 'content' tool to obtain a Contour line shp layer;
s2, adding entity attributes in CAD for the Contour shp layer by using an Add CAD Fields tool in the ArcGIS, and assigning a content attribute in the Contour shp layer to the Elevation in the CAD attributes in an attribute table; checking whether the contour crossing phenomenon exists in the contour shp layer, if the contour crossing phenomenon does not exist, directly entering the step S3, if the contour crossing exists, editing the contour shp layer, and entering the step S3 after the crossing is eliminated;
s3, exporting the contour shp layer by using an Export to CAD tool in the ArcGIS to obtain a dwg format file;
s4, a group exists in the dwg format file medium-height line derived in the step S3, the dwg format file is opened by utilizing AutoCAD, and the group is separated by using an ungroup command to obtain the medium-height line with the three-dimensional multi-section line and the two-dimensional multi-section line;
s5, opening the dwg format file obtained in the step S4 by utilizing an ArcGIS, selecting a 'Polyline' element in a contour line by using a 'Feature Class To Shapefile' tool, setting the 'M Values' and 'Z Values' in the 'Environment' tool as Disabled, and converting three-dimensional multi-segment lines in the contour line into two-dimensional multi-segment lines to obtain a contour line shp layer;
s6, exporting the contour shp map layer obtained in the step S5 into a dwg format file by using an Add CAD Fields tool in the ArcGIS, wherein the dwg format file is provided with a contour map layer containing elevation information.
Further, in the step S1, the contour elevation interval is selected according to the own requirement, the DEM grid size, and the total height difference.
Further, the step S2 further includes: displaying labels in the layer attributes of the contour lines, enabling the labels to be placed on the contour lines, converting the labels into marks and storing the marks in a database; in the step S3, when the contour shp layer is exported as a dwg format file, the selected annotation layer is exported together with the contour in the export selection, and the elevation value text is exported as a text, and the text can be displayed in CAD.
Further, step S7 is further included, a 'contour interpolation' tool of CASS software is utilized, corresponding intervals are set, and contour encryption is conducted on the dwg format file in step S6, so that contour meeting accuracy requirements is obtained.
Further, the step S7 further includes: if there is a problem that interpolation is not performed between contour lines, the elevation point of the part is increased in the attribute.
Further, the digital elevation model data is digital elevation model data of mountain terrain river basin.
As described above, the contour drawing method according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
carrying out contour extraction on a digital elevation model by using ArcGIS and AutoCAD software, then assigning a value, checking whether contour crossing phenomenon exists in a contour shp layer, deriving dwg format files after no contour crossing, carrying out solution grouping by using AutoCAD to obtain contour lines with three-dimensional multi-section lines and two-dimensional multi-section lines simultaneously, converting the three-dimensional multi-section lines in the contour lines into two-dimensional multi-section lines by using ArcGIS, and finally deriving dwg format files, wherein the dwg format files are provided with contour map layers containing elevation information, and the contour lines are all in two-dimensional multi-section line formats. The invention provides a novel method, which can utilize DEM as a data basis, obtain a contour map of a two-dimensional multi-section line format containing elevation information through ArcGIS and AutoCAD, realize the drawing of contour lines, have higher accuracy, are efficient and convenient, and solve the problem that engineering drawing is difficult to carry out due to lack of surveyed contour line data as a basic data source in actual engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the contour drawing method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention, which is described by the following specific examples.
It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or adjustments of the sizes, which are otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention which is otherwise, without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Also, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. are used herein for convenience of description, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and the relative changes or modifications are not to be construed as essential to the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a contour line drawing method based on ArcGIS and AutoCAD, which comprises the following steps:
s1, downloading a required Digital Elevation Model (DEM) matched with a real terrain, opening the DEM by using an ArcGIS, and extracting a Contour line by using a 'content' tool to obtain a Contour line shp layer, namely obtaining a vector file which can reflect the structural relation among entities required by engineering. Specifically, during contour extraction, the contour elevation interval is selected according to the own requirement, the DEM grid size and the total height difference, and the interval is not too small, so that the intersection is easy to generate. Wherein, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a grid layer containing the correlative relation between elevation attributes and topography, the 'content' tool is a 'Contour' tool, the path of which is 'Spatial analysis' -Surface '-content',
s2, adding entity attributes in CAD for the Contour shp layer by using an Add CAD Fields tool in the ArcGIS, and assigning a content attribute (namely an Elevation numerical value) in the Contour shp layer to the Elevation in the CAD attributes in an attribute table; checking whether the contour crossing phenomenon exists in the contour shp layer, if the contour crossing phenomenon does not exist, directly entering the step S3, if the contour crossing exists, editing the contour shp layer, and entering the step S3 after the crossing is eliminated. The "Add CAD Fields" tool is the "Add CAD Fields" tool whose path is "Conversion Tools" - "To CAD" - "Add CAD Fields".
And S3, exporting the contour shp layer by using an Export to CAD tool in the ArcGIS to obtain a dwg format file. The "Export to CAD" tool is derived from the CAD tool.
S4, a group exists in the dwg format file medium-height line derived in the step S3, the dwg format file is opened by utilizing an AutoCAD, the medium-height line is disassembled by using an ungroup command, the medium-height line with the three-dimensional multi-section line and the two-dimensional multi-section line is obtained, the dwg format file is updated and stored, namely, at the moment, part of line segments in the medium-height line in the dwg format file are in a three-dimensional multi-section line format, and part of line segments are in a two-dimensional multi-section line format.
S5, opening the dwg format file obtained in the step S4 by using an ArcGIS, selecting a 'Polyline' element in a contour line by using a 'Feature Class To Shapefile' tool, setting the 'M Values' and 'Z Values' in the 'Environment' tool as enabled, and converting the three-dimensional multi-segment line in the contour line into a two-dimensional multi-segment line to obtain a contour line shp layer. The "Feature Class To Shapefile" tool is the "element class transformation shape" tool, and the path is "transformation Tools" - "To shape" - "Feature Class To Shapefile".
S6, exporting the contour line shp map layer obtained in the step S5 into a dwg format file by using an Add CAD Fields tool in the ArcGIS, wherein the dwg format file is provided with a contour line map layer containing elevation information, and the contour line is in a two-dimensional multi-section line format, so that the drawing of the contour line in AutoCAD is realized.
As a preferred design, the method further comprises a step S7 of setting corresponding intervals by using a CASS software "contour interpolation" tool, and performing contour encryption on the dwg format file in the step S6 to obtain a contour line meeting the accuracy requirement so as to meet the drawing requirement in engineering, and if the problem that interpolation is not performed between contour lines occurs, increasing the elevation point of the part in the attribute.
As a preferred design, in this embodiment, when the elevation information needs to be displayed on the elevation line, a label is displayed in the layer attribute of the elevation line, so that the label is placed on the elevation line, and the label is converted into a annotation and stored in the database; in the step S3, when the contour map layer is exported as a dwg format file, the selected annotation map layer is exported together with the contour in the export selection, and the elevation value text is exported as a text, and the text can be displayed in the AutoCAD.
The contour line drawing method of the invention can be used for drawing the contour line of the river basin or drawing the contour line in other aspects. The accuracy of the method can meet the general drawing requirements and the requirements of the river basin attribute analysis, and the method for drawing the contour line is preferably applied to mountain areas, so that the accuracy is high.
From the above, the contour line drawing method of the invention provides a new method for solving the problem that AutoCAD drawing is difficult to carry out due to lack of survey contour line data as a basic data source in actual engineering, and can obtain a contour line diagram of a two-dimensional multi-section line format containing elevation information by using DEM as a data basis through ArcGIS and AutoCAD, thereby realizing effective drawing of contour lines with higher accuracy and high efficiency and convenience.
In summary, the invention effectively overcomes the defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. A contour line drawing method based on ArcGIS and AutoCAD is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, downloading needed digital elevation model data matched with real topography, opening the data in an ArcGIS, and extracting a Contour line by using a 'content' tool to obtain a Contour line shp layer;
s2, adding entity attributes in CAD for the Contour shp layer by using an Add CAD Fields tool in the ArcGIS, and assigning a content attribute in the Contour shp layer to the Elevation in the CAD attributes in an attribute table; checking whether the contour crossing phenomenon exists in the contour shp layer, if the contour crossing phenomenon does not exist, directly entering the step S3, if the contour crossing exists, editing the contour shp layer, and entering the step S3 after the crossing is eliminated;
s3, exporting the contour shp layer by using an Export to CAD tool in the ArcGIS to obtain a dwg format file;
s4, a group exists in the dwg format file medium-height line derived in the step S3, the dwg format file is opened by utilizing AutoCAD, and the group is separated by using an ungroup command to obtain the medium-height line with the three-dimensional multi-section line and the two-dimensional multi-section line;
s5, opening the dwg format file obtained in the step S4 by utilizing an ArcGIS, selecting a 'Polyline' element in a contour line by using a 'Feature Class To Shapefile' tool, setting the 'M Values' and 'Z Values' in the 'Environment' tool as Disabled, and converting three-dimensional multi-segment lines in the contour line into two-dimensional multi-segment lines to obtain a contour line shp layer;
s6, exporting the contour shp map layer obtained in the step S5 into a dwg format file by using an Add CAD Fields tool in the ArcGIS, wherein the dwg format file is provided with a contour map layer containing elevation information.
2. The contour drawing method as defined in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the contour elevation interval is selected according to the own requirement, the DEM grid size, and the total height difference.
3. The contour drawing method as defined in claim 1, wherein: the step S2 further includes: displaying labels in the layer attributes of the contour lines, enabling the labels to be placed on the contour lines, converting the labels into marks and storing the marks in a database; in the step S3, when the contour shp layer is exported as a dwg format file, the selected annotation layer is exported together with the contour in the export selection, and the elevation value text is exported as a text, and the text can be displayed in CAD.
4. The contour drawing method as defined in claim 1, wherein: and step S7, setting corresponding intervals by using a contour interpolation tool of CASS software, and carrying out contour encryption on the dwg format file in step S6 to obtain a contour meeting the accuracy requirement.
5. The contour drawing method as defined in claim 1, wherein: the step S7 further includes: if there is a problem that interpolation is not performed between contour lines, the elevation point of the part is increased in the attribute.
6. The contour drawing method as defined in claim 1, wherein: the digital elevation model data are digital elevation model data of mountain terrain river basin.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109859317A (en) * | 2019-02-17 | 2019-06-07 | 四川汶马高速公路有限责任公司 | A kind of 3DGIS relief model fast modeling method based on CASS and CATIA |
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| US7006106B2 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2006-02-28 | Honeywell International Inc. | Real time contour line generation |
| US8525827B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-09-03 | Intergraph Technologies Company | Integrated GIS system with interactive 3D interface |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109859317A (en) * | 2019-02-17 | 2019-06-07 | 四川汶马高速公路有限责任公司 | A kind of 3DGIS relief model fast modeling method based on CASS and CATIA |
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| 基于ArcGIS的地形图数字化与三维再现;王璐;张俊平;王长委;杨远光;;广东农业科学(08);全文 * |
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