CN114594312A - Liquid complex dielectric constant sensor of mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure and measuring method - Google Patents
Liquid complex dielectric constant sensor of mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
- G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
- G01R27/2635—Sample holders, electrodes or excitation arrangements, e.g. sensors or measuring cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid complex dielectric constant sensor of a mutual coupling circular seam resonance structure and a measuring method, and relates to the technical field of radio frequency and microwave engineering. The liquid complex dielectric constant sensor comprises a glass tube (4), a ground wire GND layer (3), a dielectric layer (2) and a micro-strip wire layer (1), wherein the ground wire GND layer (3) is used for forming an equivalent circuit and is in contact with the glass tube (4) where a liquid sample is located to measure the complex dielectric constant of the liquid sample; the dielectric layer (2) is used for forming an LC-like resonant cavity; the microstrip line layer (1) is used for transmitting signals and matching the signal output end with a load. The dielectric constant and the loss tangent value of the liquid sample are measured simultaneously, and the measurement precision of the complex dielectric constant is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency and microwave engineering, in particular to a liquid complex dielectric constant sensor of a mutual coupling circular seam resonance structure and a measuring method.
Background
Complex dielectric constant is one of the most important parameters of materials in radio frequency and microwave engineering. The dielectric properties of the materials used in the substrate of the microwave device affect the response of the microwave planar circuit. In order to model complex microwave devices, the complex dielectric constant of the materials used in the substrate of the microwave device must first be measured. Therefore, accurate determination of the complex dielectric constant of a material is an important task in the fields of radio frequency and microwave engineering. In addition to microwave engineering, there is a need for accurate measurement of complex dielectric constant in various fields such as food, health care, agriculture, and the like. The complex dielectric constant includes a dielectric constant and a loss tangent value, and compared with a solid material, a liquid material has the characteristics of high dielectric constant, large loss tangent value and difficulty in fixing the fluidity, so that the complex dielectric constant of the liquid material is more difficult to measure.
In the prior art, methods for measuring the complex dielectric constant of a liquid are roughly classified into a free space method, a transmission line method, and a resonance method. However, these methods have the disadvantages of high requirements for liquid samples, low sensitivity, capability of measuring only low dielectric constant liquid materials, inability of measuring loss tangent values, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the background art, and provides a liquid complex dielectric constant sensor with a mutual coupling circular seam resonance structure and a measuring method thereof, which can realize the simultaneous measurement of the dielectric constant and the loss tangent value of a liquid sample and improve the measurement precision of the complex dielectric constant.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the embodiment of the invention firstly provides a liquid complex dielectric constant sensor of a mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure, which comprises a glass tube 4, a ground wire GND layer 3, a dielectric layer 2 and a micro-strip line layer 1, wherein the ground wire GND layer 3 is used for forming an equivalent circuit and is contacted with the glass tube 4 where a liquid sample is located to measure the complex dielectric constant of the liquid sample; the dielectric layer 2 is used for forming an LC-like resonant cavity; the microstrip line layer 1 is used for transmitting signals and matching signal output terminals with loads.
Optionally, the ground GND layer 3 includes a mutual coupling circular seam resonance structure 31 formed by etching 3 circular rings, where centers of the 3 circular ring etches coincide and penetrate through a through hole 32 with a diameter of 1.5 mm; the mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure 31 is used for forming a micro-variation equivalent circuit with the glass tube 4 loaded with the liquid sample in the through hole 32.
Optionally, the ground GND layer 3 is a rectangular metal piece with a three-ring mutual coupling ring gap structure; wherein, the inner circle radius of the mutual coupling circular seam large ring 311 of the three-ring mutual coupling circular seam structure is 3.2mm, and the outer circle radius is 3.65 mm; the radius of the inner circle of the middle ring 312 of the mutual coupling ring seam of the three-ring mutual coupling ring seam structure is 2.5mm, and the radius of the outer circle is 2.9 mm; the inner circle radius of the small mutual coupling annular gap 313 of the three-ring mutual coupling annular gap structure is 1.9mm, and the outer circle radius is 2.2 mm.
Optionally, the mutual coupling circular seam large ring 311 is etched with a slit at the bottom perpendicular to the microstrip line layer 1, and the width of the slit is 0.22 mm; a slit is etched on the top end of the middle ring 312 of the mutual coupling ring slit, which is perpendicular to the microstrip line layer 1, and the width of the slit is 0.22 mm; the mutual coupling ring slit small ring 313 is etched with a slit at the bottom end perpendicular to the microstrip line layer 1, and the width of the slit is 0.22 mm.
Optionally, the glass tube 4 is made of quartz glass, and the glass tube 4 is a hollow cylinder with a single surface and a bottom, the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder is 1.5mm, the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder is 0.9mm, and the length of the hollow cylinder is 75mm, and the hollow cylinder is used for loading the through hole 32 of the liquid sample insertion sensor.
Optionally, the thickness of the ground GND layer 3 and the thickness of the microstrip line layer 1 are 0-0.02mm, and the ground GND layer 3 and the microstrip line layer 1 are made of any one of gold, silver and copper, or are made of a conductive material having conductivity equivalent to that of any one of gold, silver and copper.
Optionally, the microstrip line layer 1 is a microstrip line passing through the middle position of the dielectric layer 2 in the longitudinal direction, and the size of the microstrip line is 28mm × 1.66 mm.
Optionally, the size of the dielectric layer 2 is 28mm × 20mm × 0.75mm, and the dielectric layer 2 floats up and down by 0.0015mm on the basis of the size, the material of the dielectric layer 2 is RO3035 material with a dielectric constant of 3.5, and the loss tangent value is 0.02.
Optionally, the measurement frequency band of the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor is 2.75GHz-3GHz, and the effective measurement range is a liquid sample with a dielectric constant of 1-90 and a loss tangent of 0-1.
Based on any one of the above-mentioned liquid complex dielectric constant sensors, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a liquid complex dielectric constant measurement method, where the liquid complex dielectric constant includes a dielectric constant and a loss tangent value, and the method includes:
inserting the glass tube 4 filled with the liquid sample into the through hole 32 of the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor;
under the resonance of a 2.75GHz-3GHz frequency band, measuring the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor by using a vector network analyzer to obtain a transmission coefficient center frequency S21 parameter curve;
determining the resonant frequency and insertion loss of the S21 parameter curve;
and determining the dielectric constant of the liquid sample according to the resonance frequency, and determining the loss tangent value of the liquid sample according to the insertion loss.
The liquid complex dielectric constant sensor based on the mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure provided by the embodiment of the invention can measure a transmission coefficient center frequency S21 parameter curve by using a vector network analyzer under the resonance of a 2.75GHz-3GHz frequency band, and determine the dielectric constant and the loss tangent value of a liquid sample according to the resonance frequency and the insertion loss of the S21 parameter curve. The liquid complex dielectric constant sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, low processing cost, good adaptability of the measurement range and the like, can simultaneously measure the dielectric constant and the loss tangent value of a sample, and improves the measurement precision of the complex dielectric constant.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a liquid complex permittivity sensor of a mutually coupled circular seam resonance structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ground GND layer of a liquid complex permittivity sensor of a mutual coupling circular gap resonance structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a mutually coupled circular gap resonant structure of a liquid complex permittivity sensor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for measuring complex dielectric constant of liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a mutually coupled circular seam resonant structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an S21 parameter curve of the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention under the frequency band resonance of the microstrip line 2.75GHz-3 GHz;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the S21 parameter curve of the liquid complex permittivity sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention, wherein the dielectric constant is 20, the dielectric constant is 70, and the loss tangent value is changed between 0 and 1.
In the figure: 1. a microstrip line layer; 2. a dielectric layer; 3. a ground GND layer; 4. a glass tube; 31. a mutually coupled circular seam resonant structure; 32. a through hole; 311. a mutually coupled circumferential seam large ring; 312. a cross-coupling ring seam middle ring; 313. a small mutual coupling ring gap ring.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a liquid complex dielectric constant sensor of a mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a liquid complex permittivity sensor of a mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The liquid complex dielectric constant sensor comprises a glass tube 4, a ground wire GND layer 3, a dielectric layer 2 and a microstrip line layer 1.
The ground wire GND layer 3 is used for forming an equivalent circuit with the excitation of the patch layer, and is contacted with the glass tube 4 where the liquid sample is located to measure the complex dielectric constant of the liquid sample; the dielectric layer 2 is used for forming an LC-like resonant cavity; the microstrip line layer 1 is used for signal transmission and matching of the signal output with the load.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ground GND layer of a liquid complex permittivity sensor of a mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
The ground wire GND layer 3 comprises a mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure 31 formed by etching 3 circular rings, wherein the centers of the 3 circular ring etches are overlapped, and a through hole 32 with the diameter of 1.5mm penetrates through the center of the circle; the mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure 31 is used for forming a micro-variation equivalent circuit with the glass tube 4 loaded with the liquid sample in the through hole 32.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a mutually coupled circular seam resonant structure of a liquid complex permittivity sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
The ground wire GND layer 3 is a rectangular metal etched with a three-ring mutual coupling annular gap structure; wherein, the inner circle radius of the mutual coupling circular seam large ring 311 of the three-ring mutual coupling circular seam structure is 3.2mm, and the outer circle radius is 3.65 mm; the inner circle radius of the middle ring 312 of the mutual coupling ring seam of the three-ring mutual coupling ring seam structure is 2.5mm, and the outer circle radius is 2.9 mm; the inner circle radius of the small mutual coupling annular gap 313 of the three-ring mutual coupling annular gap structure is 1.9mm, and the outer circle radius is 2.2 mm.
In one embodiment, the mutual coupling ring-seam large ring 311 is etched with a slit perpendicular to the bottom end of the microstrip line layer 1, and the width of the slit is 0.22 mm; a slit is etched on the top end of the middle ring 312 of the mutual coupling ring slit, which is perpendicular to the microstrip line layer 1, and the width of the slit is 0.22 mm; the mutual coupling slot small ring 313 is etched with a slot with a width of 0.22mm at the bottom end perpendicular to the microstrip line layer 1.
In one embodiment, the glass tube 4 is made of quartz glass, and the glass tube 4 is a hollow cylinder with an outer diameter of 1.5mm, an inner diameter of 0.9mm, and a length of 75mm and a bottom on one side and is used for loading a liquid sample into the through hole 32 of the sensor.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the ground GND layer 3 and the microstrip line layer 1 is 0-0.02mm, and the ground GND layer 3 and the microstrip line layer 1 are made of any one of gold, silver and copper, or a conductive material having conductivity equivalent to that of any one of gold, silver and copper.
In one embodiment, microstrip line layer 1 is a microstrip line passing through the middle of dielectric layer 2 in the longitudinal direction, and the dimension of microstrip line is 28mm × 1.66 mm.
In one embodiment, the dielectric layer 2 has the size of 28mm × 20mm × 0.75mm and floats up and down by 0.0015mm based on the size, and the material of the dielectric layer 2 is RO3035 material with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent value of 0.02.
In one embodiment, the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor has a measurement frequency band between 2.75GHz and 3GHz, and an effective measurement range is a liquid sample with a dielectric constant of 1-90 and a loss tangent of 0-1.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for measuring the complex dielectric constant of the liquid. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for measuring complex dielectric constant of liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention. The liquid complex dielectric constant comprises a dielectric constant and a loss tangent value, and the method comprises the following steps:
s401, inserting the glass tube 4 filled with the liquid sample into the through hole 32 of the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor.
And S402, under the resonance of the 2.75GHz-3GHz frequency band, measuring the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor by using a vector network analyzer to obtain a transmission coefficient center frequency S21 parameter curve.
And S403, determining the resonant frequency and the insertion loss of the S21 parameter curve.
S404, determining the dielectric constant of the liquid sample according to the resonance frequency, and determining the loss tangent value of the liquid sample according to the insertion loss.
In one implementation, the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor may adopt a dual sma (small type) interface, and the vector network analyzer may be directly connected to the interface of the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor to perform measurement.
In one implementation, the mutual coupling loop resonant structure 31 of the liquid complex permittivity sensor is composed of two parts, a loop and a gap dividing the loop. From the mutual coupling slit resonance structure 31, an equivalent circuit of the mutual coupling slit resonance structure 31 can be obtained.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a mutual coupling slot resonant structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The mutually coupled slot-loop resonant structure 31 resonates due to the combined effect of the inductance generated by the loop current in the loop and the equivalent capacitance formed by the gap. Due to the change of the complex dielectric constant of the liquid sample, the equivalent capacitance corresponding to the mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure 31 can be changed, and the equivalent inductance corresponding to the complementary open-loop structure is basically unchanged. Therefore, the excitation electric field of the mutual coupling annular gap resonance structure 31 can be changed by exciting the complementary open-loop structures on the left side and the right side respectively through the microstrip line layer 1.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an S21 parameter curve of the liquid permittivity sensor under excitation of a microstrip line in a frequency band of 2.75GHz to 3GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.
And simulating the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor by using a time domain solver of EM simulation software, and calculating the transmission coefficient center frequency S21 parameter of the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor under the resonance of a 2.75GHz-3GHz frequency band.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the dielectric constant of the liquid sample is related to the center resonance frequency of the S21 parameter, so by establishing the corresponding relationship between the liquid samples with different dielectric constants and the resonance frequency of the S21 parameter, the dielectric constant of the liquid sample can be determined by measuring the center resonance frequency of the S21 parameter.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a graph illustrating the S21 parameter curve of the complex liquid permittivity sensor with the dielectric constant of 20 and the dielectric constant of 70 and the loss tangent value of 0-1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
As is clear from fig. 7, when a plurality of liquid samples having the same dielectric constant and different loss tangent values were measured, it was observed that the change in the loss tangent value only affects the insertion loss of the S21 parameter, and does not affect the resonance frequency. Therefore, by establishing the corresponding relationship between the liquid samples with different loss tangent values and the insertion loss of the S21 parameter curve, the loss tangent value of the liquid sample can be determined by measuring the insertion loss of the S21 parameter.
As the precision of the vector network analyzer can reach 10Hz, the reaction sensitivity measurement precision of the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor to liquid samples with different complex dielectric constants can reach +/-1.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The liquid complex dielectric constant sensor of the mutual coupling circumferential seam resonance structure comprises a glass tube (4), a ground wire GND layer (3), a dielectric layer (2) and a microstrip line layer (1), and is characterized in that the ground wire GND layer (3) is used for forming an equivalent circuit and is in contact with the glass tube (4) where a liquid sample is located to measure the complex dielectric constant of the liquid sample; the dielectric layer (2) is used for forming an LC-like resonant cavity; the microstrip line layer (1) is used for transmitting signals and matching signal output ends with loads.
2. The sensor of liquid complex permittivity of a mutual coupling gap resonance structure according to claim 1, wherein said ground GND layer (3) comprises a mutual coupling gap resonance structure (31) of 3 ring etchings, wherein the centers of the 3 ring etchings coincide and penetrate a through hole (32) of 1.5mm in diameter at the center of the circle; the mutual coupling circular seam resonance structure (31) is used for forming a micro-variation equivalent circuit with a glass tube (4) loaded with the liquid sample in the through hole (32).
3. The sensor of the liquid complex permittivity of a mutual coupling gap resonance structure according to claim 2, wherein said ground GND layer (3) is a rectangular metal piece etched with a three-ring mutual coupling gap structure; wherein, the inner circle radius of the mutual coupling circular seam large ring (311) of the three-ring mutual coupling circular seam structure is 3.2mm, and the outer circle radius is 3.65 mm; the inner circle radius of a mutual coupling circular seam middle ring (312) of the three-ring mutual coupling circular seam structure is 2.5mm, and the outer circle radius is 2.9 mm; the inner circle radius of a small mutual coupling annular gap ring (313) of the three-ring mutual coupling annular gap structure is 1.9mm, and the outer circle radius is 2.2 mm.
4. A sensor of liquid complex permittivity of a mutually coupled slot-loop resonance structure according to claim 3, wherein said mutually coupled slot-loop large loop (311) is etched with a slit perpendicular to the bottom end of the microstrip line layer (1), the slit width being 0.22 mm; a slit is etched in the top end, perpendicular to the microstrip line layer (1), of the middle ring (312) of the mutual coupling circular seam, and the width of the slit is 0.22 mm; the mutual coupling annular seam small ring (313) is etched with a slit at the bottom end vertical to the microstrip line layer (1), and the width of the slit is 0.22 mm.
5. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the glass tube (4) is made of quartz glass, and the glass tube (4) is a hollow cylinder with an outer diameter of 1.5mm, an inner diameter of 0.9mm, a length of 75mm and a single bottom, and is used for loading the liquid sample into the through hole (32) of the sensor.
6. The sensor of the complex liquid dielectric constant of the mutually coupled annular gap resonance structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ground GND layer (3) and the microstrip line layer (1) is 0-0.02mm, and the material of the ground GND layer (3) and the microstrip line layer (1) is any one of gold, silver and copper, or a conductive material having a conductivity equivalent to any one of gold, silver and copper.
7. The sensor of claim 6, wherein the microstrip line layer (1) is a microstrip line passing longitudinally through the middle of the dielectric layer (2) and having dimensions of 28mm x 1.66 mm.
8. The liquid complex permittivity sensor of a mutual coupling circumferential seam resonance structure according to claim 1, wherein the size of the medium layer (2) is 28mm x 20mm x 0.75mm, and the medium layer (2) floats up and down by 0.0015mm on the basis of the size, and the material of the medium layer (2) is RO3035 material with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent value of 0.02.
9. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the liquid complex permittivity sensor has a measurement band of 2.75GHz-3GHz, and an effective measurement range of a liquid sample having a permittivity of 1-90 and a loss tangent of 0-1.
10. The method for measuring a liquid complex permittivity of a liquid complex permittivity sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the liquid complex permittivity includes a permittivity and a loss tangent, the method including:
inserting a glass tube (4) filled with a liquid sample into a through hole (32) of the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor;
under the resonance of a 2.75GHz-3GHz frequency band, measuring the liquid complex dielectric constant sensor by using a vector network analyzer to obtain a transmission coefficient center frequency S21 parameter curve;
determining the resonant frequency and insertion loss of the S21 parameter curve;
and determining the dielectric constant of the liquid sample according to the resonance frequency, and determining the loss tangent value of the liquid sample according to the insertion loss.
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