CN114591450B - 一种具有抗光老化作用的榆黄菇多糖pcp-3及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种具有抗光老化作用的榆黄菇多糖pcp-3及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有抗光老化作用的榆黄菇多糖PCP‑3及其制备方法和用途,其中PCP‑3是从榆黄菇子实体中分离获得的多糖组分,分子量为1.52×106Da,总糖含量96.63%,由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,摩尔比为2.93:1.72:1.00:14.98:7.19:3.07。本发明获得的榆黄菇多糖组分PCP‑3无明显毒副作用,具有良好的缓解紫外线导致的光老化作用。PCP‑3可作为天然光老化保护剂,抵抗UVB造成的机体光老化,在抗光老化产品领域具有巨大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有抗光老化作用的榆黄菇多糖PCP-3及其制备方法和用途,属于食用菌加工及化妆品领域。
背景技术
现今,人们对皮肤年轻态的渴望越来越强烈。在太阳紫外线(UV)急性辐射下或长期暴露时,哺乳动物体内氧化还原的平衡会被打破,细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平升高,加速细胞衰老与细胞凋亡,引起皮肤炎症、黑色素生成增多、胶原蛋白降解,外观表现为皮肤产生较深的皱纹,呈皮革化,严重者则发展为皮肤癌。目前市面上防晒产品种类繁多,多为外用,存在着致皮肤过敏、肤感黏腻、需要卸妆等问题,研发安全高效、使用方便的口服型抗光老化产品具有重要的意义。
榆黄菇(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)又名金顶侧耳,色泽鲜黄,味道鲜美,气味清香,目前已实现人工种植。榆黄菇含有多糖、蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等多种营养成分,具有抗氧化、免疫调节、抑制癌细胞增长、美白等诸多功能,具有良好的开发利用价值。目前对于从榆黄菇子实体中分离得到具有抗光老化功能的多糖组分未见相关报道。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种具有抗光老化作用的榆黄菇多糖PCP-3及其制备方法和用途。本发明提供的榆黄菇多糖PCP-3具有良好的抗光老化作用,无毒副作用,可广泛应用于化妆品、保健品等领域。
本发明具有抗光老化作用的榆黄菇多糖PCP-3,是由榆黄菇子实体提取分离后获得,分子量为1.52×106Da,其主要包括甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖,摩尔比为2.93:1.72:1.00:14.98:7.19:3.07。
本发明榆黄菇多糖PCP-3的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将榆黄菇子实体超微粉碎后过80目网筛,获得榆黄菇粉末。
步骤2:将步骤1获得的榆黄菇粉末按照1g:20mL(W/V)的料液比加入去离子水,85℃水浴2h,分离上清液并浓缩,重复三次,收集三次上清液,浓缩至体积的1/3-1/10,加入4倍体积的乙醇,4℃静置12h,5000-8000×g离心10-30min,收集沉淀物。
步骤3:将步骤2获得的沉淀物用去离子水溶解,采用Sevag法除蛋白,除尽蛋白后,流水透析24h,去离子水透析48h,干燥后得榆黄菇粗多糖。
步骤4:将步骤3的榆黄菇粗多糖进行醇沉,体系中乙醇的终浓度为35%,沉淀经去离子水复溶后用DEAE-Sepharose FF柱分离,收集0.1M氯化钠溶液洗脱部分,干燥得到榆黄菇多糖PCP-3。
本发明榆黄菇多糖PCP-3的用途,是用于制备具有抗光老化功效的产品,对于紫外线辐照导致的光老化损伤能起到防护作用,可用于化妆品、保健品等领域。
具体的抗光老化活性评价,包括如下内容:
通过对UVB诱导的斑马鱼模型的存活率、细胞凋亡、活性氧生成、酪氨酸酶活性、黑色素含量、中性粒细胞数量、胶原蛋白表达量和端粒酶活性进行研究检测,发现多糖PCP-3能够全方位保护斑马鱼在紫外线辐照下的光老化损伤,其保护作用呈现剂量依赖性,且安全无毒害。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
1、本发明以榆黄菇子实体为原料,获得了一种新型均一多糖组分PCP-3,步骤简单,效率高。
2、本发明研究发现,榆黄菇多糖PCP-3是一种天然的抗光老化保护剂,可以减少UVB辐射导致的斑马鱼模型体内氧化应激现象,减少细胞凋亡,抑制皮肤炎症和端粒酶活性及促进胶原蛋白的合成,同时可以抑制酪氨酸酶活性减少黑色素生成,从多方面缓解UVB对机体造成的损伤。与现有防晒剂相比,榆黄菇多糖安全有效,其抗光老化作用显著全面,在开发新型抗光老化产品方面前景广阔。
附图说明
图1是PCP-3的高效液相色谱图,可以看出榆黄菇多糖PCP-3是均一组分。根据多糖分子量标准曲线可以算出分子量为1.52×106Da。
图2是PCP-3单糖组成,(A)单糖标准品,(B)PCP-3。从图2中可以看出PCP-3为酸性杂多糖,由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,摩尔比为2.93:1.72:1.00:14.98:7.19:3.07。
图3是不同浓度榆黄菇多糖PCP-3对斑马鱼胚胎孵化率(A)、存活率和死亡率(B)的影响。从图3我们可以看到,榆黄菇多糖PCP-3对斑马鱼胚胎的孵化和存活都是有益的,说明PCP-3对生物体安全无毒害。
图4是荧光标记榆黄菇多糖PCP-3在斑马鱼体内的分布情况;结果表明榆黄菇多糖PCP-3在斑马鱼消化系统富集,说明其主要通过口服方式发挥作用。
图5是不同浓度榆黄菇多糖PCP-3对斑马鱼细胞凋亡情况的影响;可以看出,与Control组相比,UVB组斑马鱼体内死亡细胞数量增加,多糖组斑马鱼体内死亡细胞数量少于UVB组,且有剂量依赖性,证明PCP-3可以缓解UVB辐射导致的细胞凋亡。
图6是不同浓度榆黄菇多糖PCP-3对斑马鱼体内活性氧含量的影响;可以看出,与Control组相比,UVB组斑马鱼体内产生更多的活性氧ROS,证明紫外线照射会使其产生氧化应激现象。多糖组斑马鱼体内ROS产生量明显减少,证明PCP-3可以清除体内过多的活性氧,减轻紫外线导致的氧化应激,缓解皮肤氧化衰老。
图7是三种榆黄菇多糖对斑马鱼体内酪氨酸酶活性(A)和斑马鱼体内黑色素生成(B)的影响。从图中可以看出PCP-3多糖可以抑制斑马鱼体内酪氨酸酶活性,减少黑色素生成,并呈浓度依赖性,而对比例多糖则影响有限。
图8是不同浓度榆黄菇多糖PCP-3对斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量的影响;多糖组斑马鱼中性粒细胞荧光亮度明显强于UVB组,在PCP-3浓度为200μg/mL时,该组斑马鱼中性粒细胞荧光亮度接近Control组,证明PCP-3可以减少UVB照射导致的皮肤炎症。
图9是用Western blot检测MMP-1(A)、MMP-3(B)、collagenⅠ(C)和collagenⅢ(D)蛋白的表达情况;UVB的照射引起细胞内MMP-1和MMP-3表达水平的升高,collagenⅠ和collagenⅢ生成量减少,造成胶原蛋白的流失,加速皮肤的老化。PCP-3可以下调MMP-1和MMP-3的蛋白表达,上调collagenⅠ和collagenⅢ蛋白的表达水平,从而促进胶原蛋白的生成。
图10是三种榆黄菇多糖对斑马鱼体内端粒酶活性的影响;UVB的照射导致斑马鱼体内端粒酶活性下降,而PCP-3可以逆转这种效果,显著增加斑马鱼体内端粒酶活性,延缓细胞衰老,而对比例多糖对端粒酶的活性几乎没有影响。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但这些具体实施方式对本发明的实际保护范围构成任何形式的任何限定。
实施例1:具有光老化保护作用多糖PCP-3的制备
步骤1:将榆黄菇子实体超微粉碎后过80目网筛,获得榆黄菇粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1获得的榆黄菇粉末按照1:20(W/V)的料液比加入去离子水,85℃水浴2h,分离上清液并浓缩,重复三次,收集三次上清液,浓缩至原体积的1/10,加入4倍体积的乙醇,4℃静置12h,8000×g离心20min,收集沉淀物;
步骤3:将步骤2获得的沉淀物用去离子水溶解,采用Sevag法除蛋白,除尽蛋白后,流水透析24h,去离子水透析48h,干燥后得榆黄菇粗多糖;
步骤4:将步骤3的榆黄菇粗多糖用终浓度为35%的乙醇进行醇沉,沉淀经去离子水复溶后用DEAE-Sepharose FF柱分离,收集0.1M氯化钠溶液洗脱部分,冻干得到榆黄菇多糖PCP-3。
本实施例制得的多糖组分PCP-3分子量为1.52×106Da,苯酚硫酸法测得多糖含量为96.63%,主要由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,其摩尔比是2.93:1.72:1.00:14.98:7.19:3.07,见附图1和2。
对比例1:
在DEAE-Sepharose FF柱分离中,用去离子水进行洗脱,收集合并相同组分的多糖,其余步骤与实施例1相同,得到榆黄菇多糖PCP,苯酚硫酸法测得多糖含量为93.1%,其分子量为1.67×106Da,主要由鼠李糖和葡萄糖组成,其摩尔比是1:36.34。
对比例2:
步骤1-3与实施例1相同,将步骤3得到的粗多糖溶于去离子水中,微孔过滤稀释后,利用10000Da(200cm2,PES)超滤膜超滤,收集超滤液,将析出液浓缩至适量体积后,置于DEAE-52离子交换柱中,用去离子水以1mL/min的流速进行洗脱,收集、浓缩并干燥,得到纯化多糖PCP-2,苯酚硫酸法测得多糖含量为94.8%,其分子量为7.1×103Da,主要由甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖组成,摩尔比为1.06:1:2.13:2.03:0.17。
实施例2:PCP-3多糖对斑马鱼胚胎毒性的检测
选择成年AB品系斑马鱼(4-6月大)培养在玻璃缸中,于前一晚将斑马鱼按照2:1(雄性:雌性)放入繁殖室隔板两侧过夜。第二天早晨抽出隔板,45min后收集所产受精卵,用新鲜的Holt Buffer培养液清洗数次后置于28℃培养箱中。选取受精后4-5小时的斑马鱼胚胎,分为四组,Control组培养液为Holt Buffer,多糖组培养液为加入不同浓度PCP-3多糖(50、100和200μg/mL)的Holt Buffer,孵育48小时观察记录各组胚胎孵化率、存活率和死亡率。结果见图3。由图3结果可以看出PCP-3多糖能够促进斑马鱼胚胎的孵化率和存活率,减少死亡率,说明PCP-3对斑马鱼没有毒性,且对其孵化有益。
实施例3:PCP-3多糖对斑马鱼胚胎细胞凋亡数量的影响
将斑马鱼胚胎分为五组:UVB组于Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射;Control组于Holt Buffer孵育液中暗处培养至72小时;多糖组于含PCP-3多糖(50、100和200μg/mL)的Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射。UVB辐照后,将五组斑马鱼置于于荧光染料吖啶橙溶液中(7μg/mL),于28℃黑暗孵育30min,然后用新鲜的Holt Buffer冲洗数次,使用激光共聚焦显微镜(FV 1000;Olympus,Japan)观察染色的荧光图像。吖啶橙染料可与死亡细胞结合,结果见图5,UVB组斑马鱼产生大量凋亡细胞,多糖组斑马鱼凋亡细胞数量明显减少,说明PCP-3可以减少UVB导致的细胞凋亡。
实施例4:PCP-3多糖对斑马鱼体内ROS生成的影响
将斑马鱼胚胎分为五组:UVB组于Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射;Control组于Holt Buffer孵育液中暗处培养至72小时;多糖组于含PCP-3多糖(50、100和200μg/mL)的Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射。使用氧化敏感型荧光探针染料DCFH-DA来评价斑马鱼体内ROS水平,将五组斑马鱼置于DCFH-DA溶液中(20μg/mL),于28℃黑暗孵育1小时,然后用新鲜的Holt Buffer冲洗数次,使用激光共聚焦显微镜(FV 1000;Olympus,Japan)观察染色的荧光图像。结果如图6,UVB组斑马鱼体内产生大量ROS,多糖组产生的ROS明显减少,当多糖浓度为200μg/mL时,斑马鱼体内ROS含量接近Control组,说明PCP-3可以减少UVB导致的氧化应激。
实施例5:榆黄菇多糖对斑马鱼体内酪氨酸酶活性的影响
分别取实施例1、对比例1和对比例2制备的榆黄菇多糖,将斑马鱼胚胎分为五组:Control组于Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射;对照组于含200μg/mL曲酸的Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射;多糖组于含三种榆黄菇多糖(50、100和200μg/mL)的Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射。收集各组斑马鱼置于组织匀浆器中,使用组织蛋白提取试剂盒反复提取后离心,离心后,吸取上清,测定各组蛋白含量,并用磷酸盐缓冲液对各组样品蛋白定量,吸取各组样品,加入酪氨酸溶液作为底物,28℃静置反应半小时测定吸光值,每组设三组平行,根据如下公式计算各组酪氨酸酶活性:
酪氨酸酶活性=A1/A0×100%
其中,A1表示为各组吸光值,A0表示为Holt Buffer溶液吸光值
将沉淀溶解在1毫升10%DMSO的NaOH溶液中,搅拌涡旋混合物使得黑色素溶解,100℃下反应30分钟,于490nm处测定吸光值,黑色素生成量计算公式如下:
相对黑色素含量=A1/A0×100%
其中,A1表示为各组吸光值,A0表示为Holt Buffer溶液吸光值
酪氨酸酶活性与黑色素生成结果见图7,可以看到PCP-3多糖可以明显抑制斑马鱼体内酪氨酸酶活性,减少黑色素生成,在200μg/mL浓度时,作用效果与曲酸接近,但对比例多糖的作用效果一般。
实施例6:PCP-3多糖对斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量的影响
中性粒细胞是人类急性炎症的重要标志,当UVB辐射时,机体会产生炎症和组织损伤,所以可以用中性粒细胞数量表现UVB辐射带来的炎症反应程度。选取转基因Tg型绿色荧光标记中性粒细胞的斑马鱼胚胎。在特制的PTU培养液中培养孵育24hpf,然后将斑马鱼分为五组:UVB组于Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射;Control组于Holt Buffer孵育液中暗处培养至72小时;多糖组于含PCP-3多糖(50、100和200μg/mL)的Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射。每组选择状态良好的20条斑马鱼仔鱼放入新的6孔板内,加入1mL三卡因麻醉斑马鱼,将斑马鱼放置在激光小皿中于激光共聚焦下对其全身以及腹部进行拍摄分析。结果见图8,可以看到UVB照射组的斑马鱼中性粒细胞与空白组相比,明显降低了1倍左右,而随着多糖PCP-3的加入,中性粒细胞的荧光强度逐渐增强,并呈浓度依赖性。表明PCP-3可以减少紫外线辐射导致的中性粒细胞减少,减缓体内炎症反应。
实施例7:PCP-3多糖对斑马鱼体内胶原蛋白表达量的影响
将斑马鱼胚胎分为五组:UVB组于Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射;Control组于Holt Buffer孵育液中暗处培养至72小时;多糖组于含PCP-3多糖(50、100和200μg/mL)的Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射。将五组斑马鱼各取20条,于冰上研磨得到组织匀浆,进行蛋白定量,然后根据免疫蛋白印迹(Western blot)操作方法,检测斑马鱼组织中MMP-1,MMP-3,collagenⅠ和collagenⅢ蛋白的表达水平,结果见图9,可见UVB的照射引起细胞内MMP-1、MMP-3水平的升高,collagenⅠ和collagenⅢ含量减少,造成胶原蛋白的流失,加速皮肤的老化。PCP-3可以下调MMP-1、MMP-3,上调collagenⅠ和collagenⅢ蛋白的表达水平,促进胶原蛋白的合成,从而达到抗光老化的作用。
实施例8:榆黄菇多糖对斑马鱼体内端粒酶活性的影响
分别取实施例1、对比例1和对比例2制备的榆黄菇多糖,将斑马鱼胚胎分为五组:UVB组于Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射;Control组于HoltBuffer孵育液中暗处培养至72小时;多糖组于含三种榆黄菇多糖(50、100和200μg/mL)的Holt Buffer孵育液中培养至72小时给予50mJ/cm2的UVB辐射。将五组斑马鱼各取20条,于冰上研磨得到组织匀浆,使用斑马鱼端粒酶酶联免疫分析试剂盒进行端粒酶活性测定,结果如图10。
端粒与细胞寿命的控制密切相关。由图10看出PCP-3可通过增加斑马鱼体内端粒酶活性,进而激活的端粒酶有效抑制端粒长度的缩短,阻止了端粒的丢失,细胞因此能够正常分裂,防止皮肤衰老,从而具有光老化保护作用。
综上所述,以本发明的参数范围内制备的榆黄菇多糖PCP-3具有良好的抗光老化作用,能够广泛用于制备具有抗光老化功效的产品中。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种榆黄菇多糖PCP-3的用途,其特征在于:
所述榆黄菇多糖PCP-3用于制备具有抗光老化功效的产品,对紫外线辐照导致的光老化损伤起到防护作用;
所述榆黄菇多糖PCP-3是由榆黄菇子实体提取分离后获得,分子量为1.52×106 Da;
所述榆黄菇多糖PCP-3主要由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成,摩尔比为2.93:1.72:1.00:14.98:7.19:3.07。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:
所述具有抗光老化功效的产品包括化妆品或保健品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于所述榆黄菇多糖PCP-3是通过包括如下步骤的方法制备获得:
步骤1:将榆黄菇子实体超微粉碎后过80目网筛,获得榆黄菇粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1获得的榆黄菇粉末加入去离子水中,水浴2 h,分离上清液并浓缩,重复三次,收集三次上清液,浓缩至体积的1/3-1/10,加入4倍体积的乙醇,4 ℃静置12 h,5000-8000×g离心10-30 min,收集沉淀物;
步骤3:将步骤2获得的沉淀物用去离子水溶解,采用Sevag法除蛋白,除尽蛋白后,流水透析24 h,去离子水透析48 h,干燥后得榆黄菇粗多糖;
步骤4:将步骤3的榆黄菇粗多糖进行醇沉,沉淀经去离子水复溶后用DEAE-SepharoseFF柱分离,收集0.1 M 氯化钠溶液洗脱部分,干燥得到榆黄菇多糖PCP-3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:
步骤2中,榆黄菇粉末与去离子水的质量体积比为1g:20mL,水浴温度为85 ℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:
步骤4中,醇沉过程中,体系中乙醇的终浓度为35%。
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