CN114590908B - Composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution - Google Patents
Composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021646 siderite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589774 Pseudomonas sp. Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000193764 Brevibacillus brevis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001494508 Arundo donax Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000756137 Hemerocallis Species 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000220286 Sedum Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000005058 diapause Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000555281 Brevibacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000024346 drought recovery Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite ecological shore protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution, which comprises an ecological buffer tank, an anti-blocking filler purification tank, a plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purification tank, an ecological fish nest and gabion scour prevention structure, wherein the ecological buffer tank, the anti-blocking filler purification tank, the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purification tank, the ecological fish nest and gabion scour prevention structure are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the ecological buffer tank comprises a water stagnation layer, a water wetting resistant vegetation layer, a first planting soil layer, a coarse sand layer and a gravel layer, the anti-blocking filler purification tank comprises a central water outlet cylinder, a reinforced phosphorus removal filler layer, an overflow plate, a hemispherical grid and a sewage interception net, and the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purification tank comprises an outer tank, an inner tank, a photosensitive hydraulic rod, a second planting soil layer and a plant-microorganism coupling body. The composite ecological bank protection structure of the invention enhances the interception and purification capacity of phosphorus on the basis of comprehensively purifying non-point source pollutants, and is an effective means for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution tail ends.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological bank protection, in particular to a composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution, which is particularly suitable for river channels with serious phosphorus pollution in rural and village and town river water bodies.
Background
The non-point source pollution is one of the main factors causing the deterioration of the lake water body, wherein the influence range of the agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution is the widest, the water body is seriously harmed, and the discharge amount of the agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution is far greater than that of the point source phosphorus pollution such as industrial or town domestic sewage. Phosphorus is an important factor for causing eutrophication of water, and the enrichment of nutrient salts in the water is closely related to agricultural activities, and phosphorus loss in farmland cultivation and livestock and poultry cultivation processes is a main problem in the current agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution treatment. At present, total phosphorus exceeds COD and ammonia nitrogen, and becomes a primary pollutant in Yangtze river basin. Although the industrial phosphorus pollution in China is well controlled, the problem of agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution is more and more serious, the integration level of the prior art in the river basin is lower, and the technical requirement is not matched with the current state of the art.
The ecological bank protection is the last defense line for preventing non-point source pollution from entering rivers and lakes, and can perform process blocking on phosphorus pollution emission in an ecological interception mode. The traditional ecological bank protection mainly aims at comprehensive prevention and control of pollutants, lacks of targeted interception of the pollutants, has limited interception effect on non-point source phosphorus pollution in rural areas, and the conventional ecological bank protection usually uses various filler matrixes to purify the non-point source pollution, but neglects easy blockage of fillers, and a filler system is easy to block and lose purification efficacy after long-term use. The ecological revetment for purifying non-point source pollutants is disclosed in the invention patent with publication number CN105645592A, which only uses zeolite and pebbles as adsorption filler layers, the pollutants can not be removed well by the adsorption effect of simple fillers, and the filler layers with the thickness of 40-60 cm are easy to block after long-term operation, so that the revetment loses the ecological purification function.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a composite ecological revetment structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution, which is used for comprehensively purifying the non-point source phosphorus pollution and enhancing a phosphorus pollution interception and purification revetment system, and simultaneously, a filler matrix anti-blocking structure is arranged on the system, so that the revetment dephosphorization effect is enhanced and the long-term operation of the revetment is ensured.
The invention provides a composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution, which comprises an ecological buffer tank, an anti-blocking filler purifying tank, a plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purifying tank, an ecological fish nest and a gabion scour prevention structure, wherein the ecological buffer tank, the anti-blocking filler purifying tank, the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purifying tank, the ecological fish nest and the gabion scour prevention structure are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the ecological buffer tank comprises a water stagnation layer, a water-moisture resistant vegetation layer, a first planting soil layer, a coarse sand layer and a gravel layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the upper part of the ecological buffer tank is provided with overflow holes, the overflow holes overflow to the anti-blocking filler purifying tank through a water outlet pipe, the anti-blocking filler purifying tank comprises a central water outlet cylinder vertically arranged at the center of the tank, an enhanced phosphorus removal filler layer filled in the tank, an overflow plate arranged on the central water outlet cylinder, a hemispherical grid arranged on the overflow plate and a soil interception net paved on the enhanced phosphorus removal filler layer, and the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purifying tank comprises an outer tank, a photosensitive soil layer movably arranged in the outer tank, a photosensitive soil layer and a second planting layer movably arranged in the outer tank and a photosensitive soil layer paved in the second planting layer; when the external light intensity changes, the inner groove vertically moves in the outer groove along with the expansion and contraction of the photosensitive hydraulic rod.
Preferably, the upper surface of the ecological buffer tank is of a concave structure, and the space formed by the upper surface of the concave structure and the space below the overflow hole forms the water stagnation layer.
Preferably, the first planting soil layer is formed by mixing sand and loam soil, is of a concave structure, and has a middle soil thickness of 15-25 cm and two side soil thicknesses of 20-30 cm; the coarse sand layer is composed of sand with the grain diameter smaller than 5mm, and the thickness is 20-30 cm; the gravel layer is composed of gravels with the grain size range of 5-20 mm, and the thickness is 40-50 cm.
Preferably, the tank body of the ecological buffer tank is made of brick, non-sand concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon steel; the overflow hole is arranged above the groove body at one side far away from the top of the bank slope and is 5cm away from planting soil, and the diameter of the overflow hole is 3cm; a first water drain hole which is communicated with the anti-clogging filler purifying tank and has a diameter of 3cm is formed below the tank body and 10cm away from the bottom; the anti-blocking filler purifying tank is provided with a second drain hole which is communicated with the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purifying tank and has a diameter of 3cm below the tank wall at one side far away from the ecological buffer tank and is 10cm away from the bottom; the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purification tank is provided with a third water drain hole which is communicated with the ecological fish nest and has a diameter of 3cm at a position 10cm away from the bottom below an outer tank far away from the anti-clogging filler purification tank.
Preferably, the water outlet pipe is perpendicular to the center of the anti-blocking filler purifying tank in a right angle shape, the hemispherical grille is positioned right below the water outlet pipe, and the diameter of the hemispherical grille is 5cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer is 60-80 cm, and the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer is prepared from volcanic rock, steel slag, zeolite and oyster shell according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (1-2): (3-4): (1-2) mixing and paving, wherein the grain size of the volcanic rock is 6-10 mm, the grain size of the steel slag is 6-10 mm, and the grain size of the zeolite is 6-10 mm; the oyster shell is used after ball milling, and the grain diameter is 6-10 mm.
Preferably, the outer groove is of a fixed rectangular groove body structure and is formed by casting sand-free concrete, and the wall thickness is 2cm; the height of the inner groove is 20cm; the photosensitive hydraulic rod is controlled to stretch by a solar cell panel and a light-operated circuit system which are arranged on the river bank. A first lead is arranged between the solar cell panel and the light control circuit system, a second lead is arranged between the light control circuit system and the hydraulic rod, and the light control circuit system is buried in a river bank slope. The plant-microorganism coupling body is formed by wrapping and winding a hollow sphere of high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus by nylon net on the whole of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants in the plant seedling stage, wherein the hollow sphere of high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus is formed by wrapping granular sludge taking high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus as dominant flora in a hollow sphere; the granular sludge is prepared by granulating and culturing mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant through an SBR reactor until the grain size is 2-2.4 mm; the hollow sphere-like body is of a honeycomb structure with pores on the surface, which is formed by firing dried sludge, and the wall thickness of the hollow sphere-like body is 2-3 mm, and the particle size of the hollow sphere-like body is 16-18 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the hollow sphere comprises the following steps:
(a) Grinding and homogenizing, namely drying the dried sludge, the magnetic siderite and the bentonite with the water content of 20-30%, drying to constant weight, preparing into fine powder by a ball mill, and screening by a 100-mesh screen respectively for later use;
(b) Mixing and granulating, namely weighing 50-70% by mass of dried sludge, 10-15% by mass of magnetic siderite and 10-30% by mass of bentonite, uniformly mixing, adding 75% by mass of ethanol as a solvent, 0.55% by mass of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution as an adhesive, and 40mmol/L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB as a pore-forming agent, wherein the volume ratio of the solvent, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent is (6-8): (1-2): (0.5-1), and forming raw material into a half honeycomb green body with the wall thickness of 2-3 mm and the particle size of 10-12 mm by a casting method;
(c) Raw materials are dried, hollow semi-honeycomb raw material balls are cast by weighing a certain mass, and are put into an electrothermal blowing drying box to be dried for 6 hours at 105 ℃ and sealed for later use;
(d) Sintering raw materials, carrying out gradient heating calcination on the half honeycomb blank, maintaining for 6 hours after the sintering temperature reaches 850 ℃, and stopping heating and cooling;
(e) And cooling the clinker, cooling to about 500 ℃ in a furnace after heating, and taking out the sintered honeycomb blank to cool to room temperature.
Preferably, the preparation step of the granular sludge comprises:
Culturing granular sludge by using an SBR reactor, wherein the operation of the SBR reactor is automatically controlled by using a time program controller, and the reactor operates at room temperature; inoculating sludge to mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, wherein the average particle size is 75 mu m, the SVI of the sludge is 35-70 mL/g, separating two strains of Brevibacillus brevis sp and Pseudomonas sp with the phosphorus removal rate of more than 90% from the sludge, and mixing the two strains according to the quantity ratio of about 1:1 after pure culture to prepare the efficient phosphorus accumulating bacterial agent;
Adding a high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating bacterial agent into a reactor at the initial stage of granular sludge culture, wherein sludge culture inflow adopts river water ：CODCr 200～350mg/L、PO4 3--P 10～17mg/L、 NH4 +-N 50～85mg/L、pH7.5～7.8, for treating a river channel and simultaneously 10mg/L of Ca 2+ is added; the anaerobic and anoxic processes are realized by a stirrer, the rotating speed is 300 r.min -1, and the aerobic process is realized by aeration from the bottom by an air pump;
The method adopts an A/O/A mode, the reaction period is 8 hours, the operation is carried out for 3 periods each day, the drainage ratio of each period is 50%, the DO value of an aerobic section is controlled to be about 5.0 mg.L -1, the DO value of an anoxic section is lower than 5.0 mg.L -1, the operation time of an anaerobic section is lower than 0.25 mg.L -1, and the operation time of different stages is respectively: water inflow for 5min, anaerobic for 180min, aerobic for 180min, anoxic for 90min, sedimentation for 20min and water outflow for 5min;
after 24 days of culture, the granular sludge is gradually mature, and the grain diameter of the mature aerobic granular sludge is 1-1.2 mm.
Preferably, the ecological fish nest is a precast concrete block in a cuboid shape and an aquatic plant growth groove arranged on the precast concrete block, the left side, the right side, the front side, the rear side and the four sides of the precast concrete block are provided with holes, the inside is provided with holes in a communicating mode, a third planting soil layer is paved in the aquatic plant growth groove, and flood-resistant herbaceous plants are planted in the third planting soil layer.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
1) The composite ecological bank protection structure enhances the interception and purification capacity of phosphorus on the basis of comprehensively purifying non-point source pollutants, and is an effective means for treating the rural non-point source phosphorus pollution tail end. The method adopts a plant-microorganism organic coupling mode, and uses the high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating bacteria and the reinforced filler layer to enhance the purification of phosphorus in the surface source pollutant, so that the ecological type phosphorus accumulating bacteria and the reinforced filler layer have better treatment effect. Meanwhile, the planted revetment plants also have certain ornamental value.
2) According to the invention, double anti-blocking measures are designed for the filler purifying tank, so that the blocking condition of the dirt-blocking ecological revetment filler can be effectively improved, and the long-term normal operation of revetment can be ensured.
3) The plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank is provided with the photosensitive hydraulic rod, and the tank body is automatically lifted by photosensitive induction so as to control the oxygen condition required by the efficient phosphorus accumulating bacteria, so that manual control operation is not needed, and the labor cost and the material cost are reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an elongated composite ecological bank protection structure of a photosensitive hydraulic rod;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a composite ecological bank protection structure with a contracted photosensitive hydraulic rod;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of plant-microorganism coupler structure.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
The invention provides a composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution, which is shown in figures 1-3, wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The invention improves the traditional phosphorus accumulating bacteria phosphorus removal process, solves the problem of the oxygen condition required by the phosphorus accumulating bacteria when in use on the revetment, and provides a plant-microorganism coupling purification automatic oxygen control structure. Meanwhile, a double anti-blocking structure is arranged for solving the problem of easy blocking of the filler matrix.
The composite ecological revetment can be divided into 4 parts, namely the ecological buffer tank, the anti-blocking filler purifying tank and the plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank are sequentially arranged along the slope surface to the water surface, and the three tank bodies can be used for purifying the non-point source pollutants step by step, and particularly has a stronger purifying effect on the non-point source phosphorus pollution. In addition, set up ecological fish nest and gabion scour protection structure in the water-facing area, provide habitat and shelter for aquatic organism when reinforcing shore protection stability.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the composite ecological bank protection structure comprises an ecological buffer tank 1, an anti-blocking filler purifying tank 2, a plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purifying tank 3, an ecological fish nest 4 and a gabion anti-scouring structure 5 which are sequentially arranged in a step-by-step manner along a slope surface to the water surface, wherein the ecological buffer tank 1 comprises a water-wet-resistant vegetation layer 6, a water-retaining layer 7, a first planting soil layer 8, a coarse sand layer 9 and a gravel layer 11 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, an overflow hole 13 is arranged at the upper part of the ecological buffer tank 1, a water outlet pipe 14 extends out of the overflow hole 13 into the anti-blocking filler purifying tank 2, the anti-blocking filler purifying tank 2 comprises a central water outlet cylinder 19 which is vertically arranged at the center of the tank, a reinforced phosphorus-removal filler layer 18 filled in the tank, an overflow plate 16 arranged on the central water outlet cylinder 19, a hemispherical grille 15 arranged on the overflow plate 16 and a sewage net 17 paved on the reinforced phosphorus-removal filler layer 18, and the plant-microorganism oxygen-control coupling purifying tank 3 comprises an outer tank 23, an outer photosensitive soil layer 22 and an inner tank 24 which is movably arranged in the second planting soil layer 25 and a second photosensitive soil layer 25 which is arranged in the outer tank 22 and the second planting soil layer 24; when the intensity of external light changes, the inner groove 22 moves vertically in the outer groove 23 along with the expansion and contraction of the photosensitive hydraulic rod 25.
The ecological buffer tank 1 is positioned on one side close to the slope and is a first-stage purifying structure. Preferably, the upper surface of the ecological buffer tank 1 is of a concave structure, and the space formed by the upper surface of the concave structure and the space below the overflow hole 13 forms the water stagnation layer 7. The water-tolerant plants are mainly rural plants, and perennial flowers or herbaceous plants which are drought-tolerant, transient water-tolerant and developed in root system are selected, such as: iris, hemerocallis, sedum, etc.
Preferably, the first planting soil layer 8 is formed by mixing sand and loam soil, is of a concave structure, has a middle soil thickness of 15-25 cm and two sides of 20-30 cm; the coarse sand layer 9 is composed of sand with the grain diameter smaller than 5mm, and the thickness is 20-30 cm; the gravel layer 11 is composed of gravel with the grain size range of 5-20 mm and the thickness of 40-50 cm.
Further, the tank body 10 of the ecological buffer tank 1 is made of brick, non-sand concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon steel; the overflow hole 13 is arranged above the groove body 10 at one side far away from the top of the bank slope and is 5cm away from planting soil, and the diameter of the overflow hole is 3cm; a first water drain hole 12 which is communicated with the anti-clogging filler purifying tank 2 and has a diameter of 3cm is formed below the tank body 10 and is 10cm away from the bottom.
As shown in fig. 1, the anti-clogging filler purifying tank 2 is close to the ecological buffer tank and is a second-stage purifying structure. The water outlet pipe 14 extends out from the overflow hole of the buffer tank, and preferably, the water outlet pipe 14 is perpendicular to the center of the anti-clogging filler purifying tank 2 in a right angle shape. The central water outlet tube 19 extends downwards into the bottom of the filler layer, the side walls are uniformly perforated, the aperture size is 0.5cm, and the diameter of the central water outlet tube 19 is 4cm. The overflow plate 16 is arranged on the central water outlet cylinder 19, the hemispherical grille 15 is arranged on the upper part of the overflow plate 16, and the hemispherical grille 15 is positioned right below the water outlet pipe 14 and has a diameter of 5cm. A 100 mesh nylon net is laid above the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer 18 to serve as a sewage interception net 17.
Preferably, the thickness of the reinforced dephosphorizing filler layer 18 is 60-80 cm, and the reinforced dephosphorizing filler layer is prepared from volcanic rock, steel slag, zeolite and oyster shell according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (1-2): (3-4): (1-2) mixing and paving, wherein the grain size of the volcanic rock is 6-10 mm, the grain size of the steel slag is 6-10 mm, and the grain size of the zeolite is 6-10 mm; the oyster shell is used after ball milling, and the grain diameter is 6-10 mm. The anti-clogging filler purifying tank 2 is provided with a second drain hole 20 which is communicated with the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purifying tank 3 and has a diameter of 3cm below the tank wall at one side far away from the ecological buffer tank 1 and is 10cm away from the bottom. The anti-blocking filler purifying tank 2 can be made of different materials such as brick, non-sand concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon steel and the like.
The selected material characteristics of the filler:
the volcanic stone is a porous stone, the specific surface area is more than 120m 2/g, and the porosity is 40%. The volcanic rock contains tens of mineral substances such as sodium, magnesium, aluminum and the like and trace elements, and the substances can be used as active substances to carry out ion exchange and chemical reaction with phosphate radical, so that the volcanic rock has strong adsorption capacity on pollutants and has beneficial effects on water quality improvement.
The steel slag belongs to an alkaline base material, free calcium and magnesium oxides contained in the steel slag can be converted into hydroxide after being reacted with water or moisture, the hydroxide can be neutralized with phosphate, phosphorus removal is effectively achieved, the steel slag has porous physical characteristics, excellent adsorption effect and good reduction characteristic, pollutants in sewage can be effectively removed, and the adsorption efficiency of the steel slag on phosphorus is high-quality and long-acting.
The zeolite has the advantages of good permeability, large specific surface area, abundant sources and low price, and has the performances of adsorptivity, ion exchange property, catalysis property, thermal stability, acid and alkali resistance and the like. The denitrification and ammonia removal capability is strong, and the phosphorus removal capability is due to the strong adsorption capability. Has adsorption effect on lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, copper, cesium, strontium and the like in sewage. The performance of removing pollutants is stable and reliable, and the device has the function of comprehensively treating pollutants in water.
The oyster shell has a rich natural multi-stage porous structure, the main body part is a prismatic layer, and the pore size distribution is varied from 1 to 10 mu m, so that the oyster shell has lasting and effective adsorption capacity, exchange capacity and catalytic decomposition capacity, and the dephosphorization efficiency is further improved.
The invention makes double anti-blocking measures against the phenomenon that the filler is easy to block: firstly, introducing water into a central water outlet cylinder, forming a certain water level in the central water outlet cylinder, increasing water inlet load by utilizing water pressure, forming jet flow at holes on the inner wall of a guide cylinder, directly flushing surrounding filler when the water level of a purifying tank is low, and flushing away pollutants attached to the filler; through the hydraulic impact effect, the hydrodynamic process in the filler layer is improved, and the internal blocking condition is improved. When the water level is high, vortex is formed in the water, so that pollutants on the filler cannot be stably attached to the filler, and blockage is prevented; secondly, an overflow plate is arranged, so that sewage flushes the filler at a certain speed, and pollutants cannot be stably attached to the upper filler.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purifying tank 3 is adjacent to the anti-blocking filler purifying tank and is a third-stage purifying structure. The outer groove 23 is of a fixed rectangular groove body structure and is formed by casting sand-free concrete, and the wall thickness is 2cm. The plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purification tank 3 is provided with a third water discharge hole 26 which is communicated with the ecological fish nest 4 and has a diameter of 3cm at a position 10cm away from the bottom below the outer tank 23 far away from the anti-clogging filler purification tank 2.
The photosensitive hydraulic rod 25 is positioned at the bottom of the outer groove 23, has a telescopic length of 0.3m and can be telescopic along with the external light condition. The river bank is provided with a solar cell panel and a light-operated circuit system to control the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic rod. A first lead is arranged between the solar cell panel and the light control circuit system, a second lead is arranged between the light control circuit system and the hydraulic rod, and the light control circuit system is buried in a river bank slope. The inner groove 22 is located above the photosensitive hydraulic stem 25 and moves up and down along with the photosensitive hydraulic stem 25. The wall of the inner groove 22 is next to the wall of the outer groove 23, the bottom of the inner groove 22 is provided with a second planting soil layer 24 with the thickness of 10cm, and the height of the inner groove is 20cm.
As shown in FIG. 3, the plant-microorganism coupled body 21 is formed by wrapping and winding the whole hollow spheres 30 of the high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus with nylon net 31 by emergent aquatic plants 28 and submerged plants 29 in the seedling stage of the plants. The emergent aquatic plant 28 can be plant species with developed root system such as rhizoma Acori Graminei, arundo donax, and Iris, and the submerged plant 29 can be strip-shaped algae such as Chlorella, herba Ixeritis Sonchifoliae, and herba Potamogetis crispae, which are easy to wind and tie.
Preferably, the hollow sphere 30 of the high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus is made by wrapping granular sludge taking the high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus as dominant bacteria in a hollow sphere; the granular sludge is prepared by granulating and culturing mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant through an SBR reactor until the grain size is 2-2.4 mm; the hollow sphere is a honeycomb structure with pores on the surface, which is formed by firing dried sludge, and the pores can allow air to enter, and simultaneously, nylon ropes can also pass through, so that the hollow sphere is convenient to fix. The wall thickness of the hollow sphere is 2-3 mm, and the grain diameter is 16-18 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the hollow sphere comprises the following steps:
(a) Grinding and homogenizing, taking desiccated sludge with the water content of 20-30%, magnetic siderite and bentonite, drying to constant weight, preparing into fine powder by a ball mill, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve respectively for later use.
(B) Mixing and granulating, namely weighing 50-70% by mass of dried sludge, 10-15% by mass of magnetic siderite and 10-30% by mass of bentonite, uniformly mixing, adding 75% by mass of ethanol as a solvent, 0.55% by mass of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution as an adhesive, and 40mmol/L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB as a pore-forming agent, wherein the volume ratio of the solvent, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent is (6-8): (1-2): (0.5-1), and forming raw material into a semi-honeycomb raw blank with the wall thickness of 2-3 mm and the particle size of 10-12 mm by a casting method.
(C) Raw materials are dried, hollow semi-honeycomb raw material balls are cast by weighing a certain mass, and the raw material balls are put into an electrothermal blowing drying box to be dried for 6 hours at 105 ℃ and sealed for later use.
(D) Sintering the raw material, carrying out gradient heating calcination on the half honeycomb blank, maintaining for 6 hours after the sintering temperature reaches 850 ℃, and stopping heating and cooling.
(E) And cooling the clinker, cooling to about 500 ℃ in a furnace after heating, and taking out the sintered honeycomb blank to cool to room temperature.
Further, preferably, the preparing step of the granular sludge includes:
Culturing granular sludge by using an SBR reactor, wherein the operation of the SBR reactor is automatically controlled by using a time program controller, and the reactor operates at room temperature; the inoculated sludge is taken from mature activated sludge of a sewage treatment plant, the average grain diameter is 75 mu m, the SVI of the sludge is 35-70 mL/g, two strains of Brevibacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp with the phosphorus removal rate of more than 90% are separated from the sludge, and the two strains are mixed according to the quantity ratio of about 1:1 after pure culture to prepare the efficient phosphorus accumulating bacterial agent.
Adding a high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating bacterial agent into a reactor at the initial stage of granular sludge culture, wherein sludge culture inflow adopts river water ：CODCr 200～350mg/L、PO4 3--P 10～17mg/L、 NH4 +-N 50～85mg/L、pH7.5～7.8, for treating a river channel and simultaneously 10mg/L of Ca 2+ is added; the anaerobic and anoxic processes are realized by a stirrer, the rotating speed is 300 r.min -1, and the aerobic process is realized by aeration from the bottom by an air pump.
The method adopts an A/O/A mode, the reaction period is 8 hours, the operation is carried out for 3 periods each day, the drainage ratio of each period is 50%, the DO value of an aerobic section is controlled to be about 5.0 mg.L -1, the DO value of an anoxic section is lower than 5.0 mg.L -1, the operation time of an anaerobic section is lower than 0.25 mg.L -1, and the operation time of different stages is respectively: water inflow for 5min, anaerobic for 180min, aerobic for 180min, anoxic for 90min, sedimentation for 20min and water outflow for 5min.
After 24 days of culture, the granular sludge is gradually mature, and the grain diameter of the mature aerobic granular sludge is 2-2.4 mm.
In the area most adjacent to water and below the normal water level, an ecological fish nest 4 and a gabion anti-scouring structure 5 are arranged. The ecological fish nest 4 is a precast concrete block with a cuboid shape and a water plant growth groove, the length of the precast concrete block is 60cm, the width of the precast concrete block is 50cm, the height of the precast concrete block is 30cm, the left side, the right side, the front side, the rear side and the four sides of the precast concrete block are provided with holes, the inside of the precast concrete block is communicated with the holes, the water plant growth groove is 60cm, the width of the precast concrete block is 50cm, the height of the precast concrete block is 10cm, a third planting soil layer 27 is paved in the precast concrete block, the thickness of the precast concrete block is 5cm, and water-logging-resistant herbaceous plants are planted in the third planting soil layer 27.
The operation process of the composite ecological bank protection structure is as follows:
the surface runoff firstly flows into the ecological buffer tank, plants in the ecological buffer tank can initially intercept and absorb pollutants such as N, P and COD in the runoff, and meanwhile, large pollutants can be intercepted in the ecological buffer tank. The runoff after plant interception flows downwards to sequentially pass through the soil layer, the coarse sand layer and the gravel layer, is intercepted and filtered, and flows into the anti-blocking filler purification layer through the drain hole. The runoff amount is further increased, a part of runoff can be temporarily stored in the diapause layer, and when the runoff exceeds the water storage capacity of the diapause layer, the runoff flows into the anti-blocking filler purification layer through the overflow hole water outlet pipe. The runoff passing through the buffer tank can effectively prevent the blockage of the next-stage filler purifying tank, and the primary purification of the surface source pollution is completed.
After the runoff flowing into the anti-blocking filler purifying tank through the overflow hole water outlet pipe, the large particles are blocked on the sewage interception net through the filtering action of the hemispherical grille, and the large particles can be manually cleaned periodically in the later period. The runoff filtered by the hemispherical grille flows into the central cylinder, and is injected into the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer through the small holes under the action of water pressure. When the runoff quantity is increased to exceed the capacity of the central cylinder, the runoff flows into the sewage interception net and the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer through overflow plates at two sides of the hemispherical grid. The runoff discharged from the drainage hole of the ecological buffer tank also flows into the reinforced dephosphorization packing layer, a certain height difference exists between the drainage hole and the dephosphorization packing layer, and when water flow enters the packing layer, the oxygen content of the packing layer can be increased. The aerobic metabolism of microorganisms in the filler layer is enhanced, and the removal of pollutants is facilitated. The reinforced dephosphorization filler layer can further reduce N, P and COD content in sewage when reacting with non-point source pollutant, and simultaneously enhance the removal strength of phosphate.
The runoff purified by the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer is discharged into the plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank through the drain hole below the tank wall. The runoff is purified by the anti-blocking filler purifying tank, a large amount of toxic substances in water are adsorbed by the filler layer, so that the toxic action on plant-microorganism coupling bodies in the next-stage purifying tank is reduced, and conditions are provided for better purifying N, P and other pollutants by the coupling bodies.
After runoff is discharged into the plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purification tank through the drain hole below the anti-blocking filler purification tank, when no light is emitted at night, the photosensitive hydraulic rod automatically contracts, the inner tank is lowered to the position 10cm below the normal water level through the action of the hydraulic rod, the emergent aquatic plant root system and the submerged plant breathe, oxygen is consumed, the high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus hollow sphere is in an anaerobic environment, and under the anaerobic condition, the high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus firstly releases part of phosphorus to come out, simultaneously synthesizes ATP, absorbs organic matters in sewage and is accumulated in a human body in a PHB mode.
When illumination exists in the daytime, the photosensitive hydraulic rod in the plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank automatically stretches, the inner tank is lifted to be above a normal water level under the action of the hydraulic rod, at the moment, the high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus hollow sphere is in an aerobic environment, and under the aerobic condition, phosphorus accumulating fungus metabolizes a large amount of organic matters, and meanwhile phosphorus in water is excessively absorbed and accumulated in the body, so that the purpose of fixing phosphorus is achieved. The emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants perform respiration, so that the metabolism of pollutants is further promoted.
When the hydraulic rod stretches, the runoff water quantity overflows to the outer groove after reaching the capacity of the inner groove, and is discharged into water body through the drain hole below the groove wall. When the hydraulic rod contracts, the inner groove, the outer groove and the river water body are communicated, and the purifying groove can purify the water body in the river.
The ecological fish nest and gabion scour prevention structure can improve the supporting capacity and stability of the whole revetment, and provide shelter and habitat for benthonic organisms. The ecological fish nest top plants can also promote the purification of pollutants.
The combination of the three groove bodies of the composite shore protection is purified layer by layer, and the non-point source pollutants are gradually reduced. The buffer tank reduces large particles in runoff, reduces the problem of blockage of the next-stage filler purifying tank by the particles in the runoff, and completes primary purification of the surface source pollution. The runoff is purified by the filler purifying tank, so that the surface source pollutants are further purified, a large amount of toxic substances in the water are adsorbed by the filler layer, the toxic action on plant-microorganism coupling bodies in the next-stage purifying tank is reduced, and meanwhile, conditions are provided for better purifying N, P and other pollutants by the coupling bodies. The combination sequence of the three tank bodies is not changeable, and the combined action of the three tank bodies can maximize the purifying effect on the source pollutants.
The composite ecological bank protection structure enhances the interception and purification capacity of phosphorus on the basis of comprehensively purifying non-point source pollutants, and is an effective means for treating the rural non-point source phosphorus pollution tail end. The method adopts a plant-microorganism organic coupling mode, uses high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating bacteria and a reinforced filler layer to enhance the purification of phosphorus in the surface source pollutant, is ecological and simultaneously has better treatment effect. Meanwhile, the planted revetment plants also have certain ornamental value.
According to the invention, double anti-blocking measures are designed for the filler purifying tank, so that the blocking condition of the dirt-blocking ecological revetment filler can be effectively improved, and the long-term normal operation of revetment can be ensured.
The plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank is provided with the photosensitive hydraulic rod, and the tank body is automatically lifted by photosensitive induction so as to control the oxygen condition required by the efficient phosphorus accumulating bacteria, so that manual control operation is not needed, and the labor cost and the material cost are reduced.
Example 1
Taking the vertical height of the bank slope to be implemented as 2.1m and the horizontal distance from the edge of the bank slope to the slope toe as 2m as an example, the composite ecological bank protection structure is further described, and the bank slope to be implemented is positioned at the left side of a river channel.
As shown in figure 1, the composite ecological bank protection system for rural non-point source phosphorus pollution comprises 4 parts, namely a1 ecological buffer tank, a2 anti-blocking filler purifying tank, a 3 plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank and a 4 ecological fish nest and gabion anti-scouring structure which are closely connected and sequentially reduced in height from a river channel to a river channel.
1) Ecological buffer tank
As shown in fig. 1, an ecological buffer groove with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 1m is excavated at the junction of the top of the bank slope and the bank slope. The wall of the ecological buffer groove is formed by casting sand-free concrete, and the thickness of the wall is 2cm. And a gravel layer with the thickness of 40cm is paved at the bottom of the ecological buffer groove, and the particle size range of the gravel is 5-20mm. A layer of coarse sand having a thickness of 30cm was laid over the gravel layer, the grit size being < 5mm. The planting soil layer is laid above the coarse sand layer, the planting soil layer is formed by mixing sand and loam soil, the planting soil layer is of a concave structure, the middle soil laying thickness is 15cm, and the soil laying thickness at two sides is 20cm. The soil at two sides is 15cm away from the top of the bank slope. Planting soil layer to plant water-tolerant plants mainly including rural plants, and selecting perennial flowers or herbaceous plants with drought tolerance, short water tolerance and developed root systems, such as: iris, hemerocallis, sedum, etc. An overflow hole with the diameter of 3cm is formed at the position 5cm away from planting soil above the groove wall of the buffer groove at one side far away from the top of the bank slope, and a first water drain hole with the diameter of 3cm is formed at the position 10cm away from the bottom below the groove wall.
2) Anti-blocking filler purifying tank
And excavating an anti-blocking filler purifying groove with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.8m at the position of the bank slope close to the ecological buffer groove, wherein the bottom of the anti-blocking filler purifying groove is 40cm lower than the bottom of the ecological buffer groove. The wall of the anti-blocking filler purifying tank is formed by casting sand-free concrete, and the thickness of the wall is 2cm. And a drain hole with the diameter of 3cm is arranged below the wall of the anti-blocking filler purifying tank far away from one side of the buffer tank and at a position 10cm away from the bottom. And (5) paving a reinforced dephosphorization filler layer with the thickness of 60cm in the groove. The reinforced dephosphorization filler layer is formed by mixing volcanic rock, steel slag, zeolite and oyster shell according to a certain mass ratio. The mass ratio of the volcanic rock is: steel slag: zeolite: oyster shell=2 to 3: 1-2: 3-4: 1 to 2. The grain sizes of the volcanic rock, the steel slag, the zeolite and the oyster shell are all controlled to be 6-10 mm. A layer of 100-mesh nylon net is laid above the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer to be used as a sewage interception net. A central cylinder with the diameter of 4cm is arranged in the center of the filler, the central cylinder extends downwards into the bottom of the filler layer, the height is 65cm, the side walls are uniformly perforated, and the aperture size is 0.5cm. A hemispherical grille is arranged above the central cylinder, and the diameter of the hemispherical grille is 5cm. And overflow plates with 60-degree gradient are arranged on two sides of the hemispherical grating. And a water outlet pipe with the pipe diameter of 3cm is arranged at the overflow hole of the buffer tank, and is a hemispherical grid perpendicular to the center of the filler purifying tank in a right-angle shape.
3) Plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank
And excavating a plant-microorganism automatic oxygen control coupling purifying tank with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.8m at the position of the bank slope close to the anti-blocking filler purifying tank. The wall of the outer groove is formed by casting sand-free concrete, and the wall thickness is 2cm. And a drain hole with the diameter of 3cm is arranged below the wall of the coupling purification tank far away from the anti-blocking filler purification tank and 10cm away from the bottom. The bottom of the outer tank is lower than the bottom 55cm of the anti-blocking filler purifying tank. The bottom of the outer tank is provided with a photosensitive hydraulic rod, and the telescopic length of the hydraulic rod is 0.3m. And fixedly mounting a solar cell panel and a light-operated circuit system on the river bank, and paving a first wire between the solar cell panel and the light-operated circuit system. And a second wire is laid between the light-operated circuit system and the hydraulic rod and buried in the river bank slope. And a precast concrete inner groove with the length of 1m, the width of 0.5m and the height of 0.2m is arranged above the hydraulic rod, and the wall of the inner groove is tightly abutted against the wall of the outer groove. The inner groove can move up and down along with the hydraulic rod, and when the hydraulic rod contracts, the top of the inner groove is just 10cm below the normal water level. When the hydraulic rod stretches, the bottom of the inner groove body is 1-2 cm higher than the normal water level. A planting soil layer with a thickness of 10cm is laid at the bottom of the inner tank, and emergent aquatic plants such as rhizoma Acori Graminei, arundo donax and rhizoma Iris are planted on the planting soil layer, wherein the planted submerged plants can be strip-shaped algae which are easy to wind and tie such as Chlorella, herba Ixeritis Sonchifoliae and herba Potamogetis Paeoniae. The emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are wrapped and wound together with the high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating fungus hollow spheres by the nylon net in the plant seedling stage to form a whole for planting, and the hollow spheres are provided with small holes through which the nylon net can pass, so that the emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are convenient to fix. The high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus hollow sphere is formed by wrapping granular sludge taking high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus as dominant bacteria in honeycomb hollow spheres. The high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating bacteria granular sludge is prepared by granulating and culturing mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant through an SBR reactor until the grain diameter is about 2 mm-2.4 mm. The hollow sphere-like body is a spherical structure with pores on the surface, which is formed by firing dried sludge. The wall thickness of the hollow sphere is 2-3 mm, and the grain diameter is 16-18 mm. The mesh diameter of the nylon net is 10-12 mm.
4) Ecological fish nest and gabion scour prevention structure
And excavating grooves with the length of 60cm and the width of 50cm and the bottom of 30cm lower than the bottom of the ecological buffer tank at the position of the bottom of the bank slope close to the anti-blocking filler purifying tank, and reinforcing the bottom of the smooth groove and the river bottom at the junction with the bank slope by using a gabion. The groove is provided with a precast concrete ecological fish nest, the precast ecological fish nest is 60cm long, 50cm wide and 30cm high, and three sides of the groove are provided with holes on the left side and the right side, and the front side are communicated with each other. The aquatic plant growth groove with the length of 60cm, the width of 50cm and the height of 10cm is arranged above the water tank. A soil layer with the thickness of 5cm is paved, and flood-resistant herbaceous plants are planted on the soil layer. The top of the plant growth tank is positioned at a position 10cm below the normal water level.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is intended to cover the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A composite ecological bank protection structure for treating rural non-point source phosphorus pollution is characterized in that: including along domatic ecological buffer tank (1) that reduces the setting step by step to the surface of water in proper order, prevent blockking up filler purifying tank (2), plant-microorganism accuse oxygen coupling purifying tank (3), ecological fish nest (4) and gabion scour protection structure (5), ecological buffer tank (1) are including top-down water-fast wet vegetation layer (6), stagnant water layer (7), first planting soil layer (8), coarse sand layer (9), gravel layer (11) that set gradually, ecological buffer tank (1) upper portion is equipped with overflow aperture (13), outlet pipe (14) by overflow aperture (13) stretch out to prevent blockking up in filler purifying tank (2), prevent blockking up filler purifying tank (2) including vertical central play water drum (19) that set up at the inslot center, fill in enhancement type dephosphorization filler layer (18), setting up overflow plate (16) on the center play water drum (19), setting are in hemispherical enhancement type (15) on overflow plate (16) and be in dirty net (17) on the phosphorus removal layer (18), plant-microorganism accuse oxygen coupling purifying tank (23) are in the outside of water drum (23), outside (23) are in and water-sensitive tank (23) are in the setting up outside (23) outside water-sensitive groove (23) A second planting soil layer (24) laid in the inner tank (22), and a plant-microorganism coupled body (21) planted in the second planting soil layer (24); the tank body (10) of the ecological buffer tank (1) is made of brick, non-sand concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon steel; the overflow hole (13) is arranged above the groove body (10) at one side far away from the top of the bank slope and is 5cm away from planting soil, and the diameter of the overflow hole is 3cm; a first water drain hole (12) which is communicated with the anti-clogging filler purifying tank (2) and has a diameter of 3cm is formed below the tank body (10) and is 10cm away from the bottom; the anti-blocking filler purifying tank (2) is provided with a second drain hole (20) which is communicated with the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purifying tank (3) and has a diameter of 3cm, and is arranged below the tank wall at one side far away from the ecological buffer tank (1) and at a distance of 10cm from the bottom; the plant-microorganism oxygen control coupling purification tank (3) is provided with a third water drain hole (26) which is communicated with the ecological fish nest (4) and has a diameter of 3cm at a position 10cm away from the bottom below an outer tank (23) far away from the anti-clogging filler purification tank (2);
The outer groove (23) is of a fixed rectangular groove body structure and is formed by casting sand-free concrete, the plant-microorganism coupling body (21) is formed by wrapping and winding a nylon net (31) on the whole of a high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating fungus hollow sphere (30) in a plant seedling stage by emergent aquatic plants (28) and submerged plants (29), and the high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating fungus hollow sphere (30) is formed by wrapping granular sludge taking high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating fungus as a dominant flora in a hollow sphere-like structure; the granular sludge is prepared by granulating and culturing mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant through an SBR reactor until the grain size is 2-2.4 mm; the hollow sphere is a honeycomb structure with pores on the surface, which is formed by firing dried sludge;
the preparation method of the hollow sphere comprises the following steps:
(a) Grinding and homogenizing, namely drying the dried sludge, the magnetic siderite and the bentonite with the water content of 20-30%, drying to constant weight, preparing into fine powder by a ball mill, and screening by a 100-mesh screen respectively for later use;
(b) Mixing and granulating, namely weighing 50-70% by mass of dried sludge, 10-15% by mass of magnetic siderite and 10-30% by mass of bentonite, uniformly mixing, adding 75% by mass of ethanol as a solvent, 0.55% by mass of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution as an adhesive, and 40mmol/L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB as a pore-forming agent, wherein the volume ratio of the solvent, the adhesive and the pore-forming agent is (6-8): (1-2): (0.5-1), and forming raw material into a half honeycomb green body with the wall thickness of 2-3 mm and the particle size of 10-12 mm by a casting method;
(c) Raw materials are dried, hollow semi-honeycomb raw material balls are cast by weighing a certain mass, and are put into an electrothermal blowing drying box to be dried for 6 hours at 105 ℃ and sealed for later use;
(d) Sintering raw materials, carrying out gradient heating calcination on the half honeycomb blank, maintaining for 6 hours after the sintering temperature reaches 850 ℃, and stopping heating and cooling;
(e) Cooling clinker, cooling to 500 deg.c in the furnace after heating, and cooling to room temperature; the preparation method of the granular sludge comprises the following steps:
Culturing granular sludge by using an SBR reactor, wherein the operation of the SBR reactor is automatically controlled by using a time program controller, and the reactor operates at room temperature; inoculating sludge to mature activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, wherein the average particle size is 75 mu m, the SVI of the sludge is 35-70 mL/g, separating two strains of Brevibacillus brevis sp and Pseudomonas sp with the phosphorus removal rate of more than 90% from the sludge, and mixing the two strains according to the quantity ratio of 1:1 after pure culture to prepare the efficient phosphorus accumulating bacterial agent;
Adding a high-efficiency phosphorus accumulating bacterial agent into a reactor at the initial stage of granular sludge culture, wherein sludge culture inflow adopts river water ：CODCr 200～350mg/L、PO4 3--P 10～17mg/L、NH4 +-N 50～85mg/L、pH7.5～7.8, for treating a river channel and simultaneously 10mg/L of Ca 2+ is added; the anaerobic and anoxic processes are realized by a stirrer, the rotating speed is 300 r.min -1, and the aerobic process is realized by aeration from the bottom by an air pump;
Adopting an A/O/A mode, wherein the reaction period is 8 hours, the operation is carried out for 3 periods each day, the drainage ratio of each period is 50%, the DO value of an aerobic section is controlled to be 5.0 mg.L -1, the DO value of an anoxic section is lower than 5.0 mg.L -1, the operation time of an anaerobic section is lower than 0.25 mg.L -1, and the operation time of different stages is respectively as follows: water inflow for 5min, anaerobic for 180min, aerobic for 180min, anoxic for 90min, sedimentation for 20min and water outflow for 5min;
after 24 days of culture, the granular sludge is gradually mature, and the grain diameter of the mature aerobic granular sludge is 2-2.4 mm;
When the intensity of external light changes, the inner groove (22) vertically moves in the outer groove (23) along with the expansion and contraction of the photosensitive hydraulic rod (25).
2. The composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the ecological buffer groove (1) is of a concave structure, and a space formed by the upper surface of the concave structure and a space below the overflow hole (13) forms the water stagnation layer (6).
3. The composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the first planting soil layer (8) is formed by mixing sand and loam soil, is of a concave structure, and has a middle soil thickness of 15-25 cm and two side soil thicknesses of 20-30 cm; the coarse sand layer (9) is composed of sand with the grain diameter smaller than 5mm, and the thickness is 20-30 cm; the gravel layer (11) is composed of gravel with the grain size range of 5-20 mm and the thickness of 40-50 cm.
4. The composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the water outlet pipe (14) is perpendicular to the center of the anti-blocking filler purifying tank (2) in a right angle shape, the hemispherical grille (15) is positioned right below the water outlet pipe (14), and the diameter of the hemispherical grille (15) is 5cm.
5. The composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer (18) is 60-80 cm, and the reinforced dephosphorization filler layer is prepared from volcanic rock, steel slag, zeolite and oyster shell according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (1-2): (3-4): (1-2) mixing and paving, wherein the grain size of the volcanic rock is 6-10 mm, the grain size of the steel slag is 6-10 mm, and the grain size of the zeolite is 6-10 mm; the oyster shell is used after ball milling, and the grain diameter is 6-10 mm.
6. The composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the wall thickness of the outer groove (23) is 2cm; the height of the inner groove (22) is 20cm; the wall thickness of the hollow sphere is 2-3 mm, and the particle size is 16-18 mm.
7. The composite ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the ecological fish nest (4) is a cuboid precast concrete block and an aquatic plant growth groove arranged on the precast concrete block, the left side, the right side, the front side, the rear side and the four sides of the precast concrete block are provided with holes, the inside is provided with holes in a communicating mode, a third planting soil layer (27) is paved in the aquatic plant growth groove, and flood-resistant herbaceous plants are planted in the third planting soil layer (27).
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