CN114590160A - Battery pack transfer conveying device and electric vehicle electric energy supplementing method - Google Patents
Battery pack transfer conveying device and electric vehicle electric energy supplementing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114590160A CN114590160A CN202210252467.XA CN202210252467A CN114590160A CN 114590160 A CN114590160 A CN 114590160A CN 202210252467 A CN202210252467 A CN 202210252467A CN 114590160 A CN114590160 A CN 114590160A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
Abstract
The invention relates to a battery pack transfer and conveying device which comprises a thermal management module, wherein the thermal management module at least comprises: the cold storage device, the heat storage device, the controller and the heat exchange connecting interface are connected; the cold storage device and the heat storage device are respectively connected with the controller through pipelines, the controller is connected with the heat exchange connecting interface through the pipelines, and cold or heat is selectively output through the heat exchange connecting interface according to requirements; the heat management module is used for keeping connection with the battery pack and executing a whole heat management process, in the process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are set respectively, and the battery pack is cooled or heated selectively through the cold storage device or the heat storage device in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter target of each control stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery pack transfer and transportation device and an electric vehicle electric energy supplementing method, which improve the operation efficiency of a battery conversion system by combining two battery conversion processes with a quick charging system; when the battery is switched, the whole heat management process is started at the first time by using the transfer conveying device, so that the safety and the high efficiency of the battery pack are guaranteed, and the subsequent charging process is completed; belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle charging energy compensation.
Background
The recharging of electric vehicles has been a critical issue. It is necessary for the popularization of electric vehicles to establish a convenient and diversified "slow charging" system to meet the daily electric energy supply needs of a large number of users. Meanwhile, in order to improve the use convenience and still need some technical means with high response speed as supplementary measures, the existing technical route mainly comprises two types of power exchange and quick charging, and the two technical routes are opposite to each other and have advantages and disadvantages respectively in the current situation.
In the prior art, the time for replacing the battery pack by the automatic battery replacement equipment for one time is about 60-90 seconds; the process of loading, unloading, transporting, charging and maintaining the battery pack has been completely automated.
The battery replacement mode has the advantages that: the occupied area is small; the single battery replacement operation time is short; the charging safety of the battery in the station is high;
the disadvantages of the battery replacement mode are: the battery pack standards are difficult to unify; the battery pack adopts a sharing mode to influence user experience, is difficult to accurately measure and charge, and can only adopt flexible charging modes such as 'charging according to mileage' and 'charging in monthly' and the like; a large number of self-contained battery packs are needed in the battery replacement station, and the construction cost is increased; a "pack turnover" in which a charge rate (C-rate) is slow to charge below 1C, thus affecting peak hours, is typically employed; the power station is difficult to be distributed in a large area, and is not beneficial to solving the problem of long-distance travel.
The advantages of the quick charging mode are: the flexibility is good, and the layout can be dispersed to solve the long-distance travel problem; the charging speed is high, and a charging rate of 2C or higher can be adopted; the battery right is definite;
the disadvantages of the fast charge mode are: the charging power is large, and the friendliness to a power grid is poor; the battery pack is charged under the vehicle-mounted condition, the environmental factors are complex, and the safety is relatively low; the requirement of large-scale centralized quick charging station construction is high, the cost is high, and the occupied area is large.
In summary, if the battery replacement and the fast charging can be organically combined to make up for each other, it is possible to solve the above problem and bring a new experience to the user.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention designs a battery pack transfer conveying device and an electric vehicle electric energy supplementing method, and the operation efficiency of a battery conversion system is improved by combining two power conversion processes with a quick charging system; and when the battery is switched, the whole heat management process is started by the transfer conveying device at the first time, so that the subsequent charging process of the battery pack is completed safely and efficiently.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the battery pack transfer and conveying device is used for carrying the battery pack to and fro between the battery conversion system and the charging system; the method comprises the following steps: receiving a battery pack to be charged unloaded from an electric vehicle at a battery swapping system; then the battery pack is carried to enter a charging system to charge the battery pack; when the battery pack is charged, the battery pack is carried with the battery pack, leaves the charging system and returns to the battery replacement system, so that the battery pack can be loaded into the electric vehicle;
the battery pack transfer and conveying device comprises a thermal management module, and the thermal management module at least comprises: the cold storage device, the heat storage device, the controller and the heat exchange connecting interface are connected; the cold storage device and the heat storage device are respectively connected with the controller through pipelines, the controller is connected with the heat exchange connecting interface through the pipelines, and cold or heat is selectively output through the heat exchange connecting interface according to requirements;
the thermal management module is used for keeping connection with the battery pack and executing a whole thermal management process, and the thermal management process comprises the following steps: when a battery pack to be charged is placed in the battery pack transfer conveying device, the heat exchange connecting interface is butted with an external interface of a heat exchange module of the battery pack, a heat exchange passage is formed between the heat exchange connecting interface and the battery pack, and a heat management process is started; then, the thermal management module and the battery pack are always kept in a connected state, and the thermal management process is continued; finally, when the charged battery pack is to be reloaded onto the electric vehicle, the thermal management module is disconnected from the battery pack; in the process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack is selectively cooled or heated through the cold storage device or the heat storage device in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets in each control stage.
Further, the battery pack transfer and transportation device further comprises a communication module, wherein the communication module is used for communicating with the battery pack and/or communicating with a charging system;
when the battery pack is communicated, acquiring temperature parameters and charge state parameters of the battery pack; when the system is communicated with a charging system, the charging control parameters of the charging system are obtained, and the temperature parameters and the state of charge parameters of the battery pack are obtained through the charging system.
Further, the battery pack transfer and conveying device further comprises a battery pack fixing module, and the battery pack fixing module is used for fixing the battery pack on the battery pack transfer and conveying device.
Further, the battery pack transfer and conveying device also comprises a compression heat pump, wherein the compression heat pump at least comprises an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser; the evaporator is arranged in the cold storage device, and the condenser is arranged in the heat storage device; when the compressor is running, the evaporator end is refrigerating and the condenser end is heating. Thereby respectively supplementing cold quantity and heat quantity for the cold storage device and the heat storage device.
Furthermore, a cold source and a heat source are arranged at the battery replacing system or the charging system, and the cold source and the heat source are respectively used for preparing cold and heat and respectively used for supplementing cold and heat to a cold storage device and a heat storage device in the transfer and conveying device of one or more battery packs.
Furthermore, a special channel for the battery pack transfer and conveying device is arranged between the battery conversion system and the charging system, so that the battery pack transfer and conveying device can move back and forth between the battery conversion system and the charging system without being blocked.
Corresponding to the scheme, the electric vehicle electric energy supplementing method based on the battery pack transfer conveying device is characterized by comprising the following steps: the service of replacing the battery pack and supplementing electric energy is provided for the electric vehicle through the battery replacing system, the charging system and the battery pack transfer conveying device, and the method comprises the following steps:
s101a, enabling the electric vehicle to enter a power conversion system; the battery replacement system executes a first battery replacement process; the first power changing process comprises the following steps: unloading a battery pack to be charged in the electric vehicle and placing the battery pack to be charged into a battery pack transfer and conveying device;
s102a, the battery pack relay transportation device performs a transportation process of transporting the battery pack to be charged to the charging system for charging;
s103a, the charging system performs a charging process on the battery pack;
s104a, the battery pack relay transport device performs a transport process of transporting the charged battery pack from the charging system to the battery swapping system;
s105a, the electric vehicle enters the battery replacement system again, the battery replacement system executes a second battery replacement process, and the second battery replacement process comprises the following steps: taking out the charged battery pack from the battery pack transfer conveying device through the battery conversion system and loading the battery pack into the electric vehicle;
the battery pack transfer and conveying device comprises a thermal management module; in the steps S102a, S103a, and S104a, the thermal management module of the battery pack relay transportation device is connected to the battery pack and performs a thermal management process, and the battery pack is heated or cooled by the thermal management module;
the heat management process is divided into a plurality of control stages, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack is selectively cooled or heated by the heat management module in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets in each control stage. Therefore, the safety and the high efficiency of the charging process are ensured.
Further, monitoring the real-time temperature T of the battery in the battery pack through a temperature sensor;
setting battery temperature interval parameters which are not less than four, wherein the battery temperature interval parameters comprise: temperature interval parameters T11-T12 in the charging preparation stage, temperature interval parameters T21-T22 in the charging front stage, temperature interval parameters T31-T32 in the charging rear stage and temperature interval parameters T41-T42 after charging is finished; the temperature sequence relationship is T21> T11> T31> T41, and T22> T12> T32> T42; (the above-mentioned respective battery temperature ranges are allowed to overlap)
The specific operation process is as follows:
s201, when a battery pack to be charged is placed in the battery pack transfer and conveying device, connecting a thermal management module with the battery pack, and preprocessing the battery pack by the thermal management module to enable the temperature of the battery to be increased and controlled between T11 and T12;
s202, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module in the front period of the charging process, so that the temperature of the battery is increased and controlled between T21 and T22, and performing a cooling operation when T > T22, wherein a relatively high charging rate is adopted;
s203, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module in the later period of the charging process so that the temperature of the battery falls back to a range from T31 to T32, wherein a relatively low charging rate is adopted in the step;
s204, after the charging is finished, the battery temperature is continuously controlled by the thermal management module, so that the battery temperature continuously falls back to a range from T41 to T42; the thermal management module is then disconnected from the battery pack so that the charged battery pack can be loaded into the electric vehicle.
Further, the T11 temperature is higher than the normal discharge use temperature of the battery. The upper limit of the normal discharge service temperature of the battery is basically the same as the temperature T42.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the problem of battery sharing in the battery replacement mode and the problem that the battery replacement mode does not support quick charging are solved, and especially for private car owners, the private car owners can always use exclusive battery packs and can obtain high-quality quick charging service through the charging method;
2. the problem of battery universality in a battery replacement mode is solved, and different whole vehicle manufacturers and different vehicle types can normally run only by generalizing a battery replacement interface without unifying specifications of battery packs;
3. the problem that a large number of self-contained batteries are needed in a battery replacement station is solved, and a large number of electric vehicles can be served only by a small number of self-contained batteries;
4. the occupied area is much smaller than that of a quick charging station with the same scale, and the site utilization rate is extremely high; the problems of large occupied area and high construction standard of the centralized quick charging station are solved;
5. compared with a quick charging station, the distance of the electric power connecting cable between the charging module and the battery pack is greatly shortened through the charging system, so that the cost can be reduced, the efficiency can be improved, and the safety can be improved;
6. in the invention, because the charging system is arranged in a relatively independent area, certain distances are possible between the battery replacement system and the charging system and between different battery replacement systems; when the battery pack is separated from the vehicle, the battery pack is directly connected with a thermal management module in the conveying device; the heat management module fully utilizes all available time to carry out whole-process heat management on the quick charging process of the battery pack; the problems of insufficient capacity and inconvenient adjustment of a vehicle-mounted thermal management system are solved;
7. in the charging process, the battery pack is at a relatively high temperature in a short time, so that the activity of the battery can be increased, the internal resistance can be reduced, and the upper limit of the safe charging rate can be further improved; then, the battery returns to a reasonable use temperature range by a rapid cooling method, thereby being convenient for safe use in the electric vehicle and being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the battery; moreover, although the adjustment of the temperature of the battery pack to a large extent seems to be high in energy consumption, the key points are that: first, the loss of self-heating is reduced due to the reduction of the internal resistance of the battery; second, since the initial temperature and the final temperature of the battery are not much different, in practice, taking the carnot cycle commonly used in a cooling/heating system as an example, when the system needs to output cold and heat simultaneously, only less electric energy is needed to realize and form a closed loop, so the overall economy is better. However, if the prior art is adopted to directly use electric energy for heating and then use the air conditioning system for cooling, a closed loop cannot be formed, that is, a large amount of energy is consumed for heating and cooling, and the prior art is not practical.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the basic operation flow diagram of the invention;
FIG. 2: system configuration and operation flowchart (highway service area) of embodiment 1;
FIG. 3: the invention discloses a basic structure schematic diagram of a battery pack transfer conveying device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a battery pack transfer conveying device with a compression heat pump;
FIG. 5: the invention discloses a quick charging process control parameter schematic diagram (I);
FIG. 6: the invention discloses a quick charging process control parameter schematic diagram (II);
wherein: 1: electric vehicle (battery replacement electric vehicle), 2: battery replacement system, 201: first battery replacement system, 202: second battery replacement system, 3: charging system, 4: parking area, 5: battery pack transfer and conveyance device (conveyance device), 6: dedicated channel, 601: first dedicated channel, 602: second dedicated channel, 603: third dedicated channel, 7: battery pack, 701: external interface of heat exchange module, 8: cold source, 9: a heat source;
the routes and arrow directions indicated by S101, S102, S103, S104, S105 correspond to the functions of the respective steps;
the battery pack relay conveyor of fig. 3 includes: 501: cold storage device (cold storage module), 502: heat reservoir (heat storage module), 503: controller (control module), 504: a heat exchange connection interface; the partial enlarged view of the position where the heat exchange connection interface of the transfer conveying device of the battery pack is connected with the battery pack;
the battery pack transfer device of fig. 4 includes: 505: evaporator, 506: compressor, 507: a condenser.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the application scene of the invention is mainly long-distance outgoing and quick charging; firstly, the parking lot supplementary electric energy system applying the invention is described in detail:
the parking lot electric energy supplementing system at least comprises an electricity conversion system 2, a charging system 3, a parking area 4 and a battery pack transfer and conveying device 5; the electric vehicle 1 includes a battery pack 7 capable of performing a battery replacement operation as a first power source; wherein:
a battery replacement system 2 for replacing a battery pack 7 to be charged in the electric vehicle 1 or loading the charged battery pack 7 into the electric vehicle 1;
battery pack transfer and transport device 5: the charging system is used for conveying a battery pack 7 to be charged from the battery swapping system 2 to the charging system 3 for charging or conveying a charged battery pack 7 to the battery swapping system 2;
the charging system 3: for receiving the battery pack relay conveyor 5 and the battery pack 7 to be charged, charging the battery pack 7, and then releasing the battery pack relay conveyor 5 and the charged battery pack 7;
parking area 4: the parking system is used for temporarily parking the electric vehicle 1 separated from the battery pack 7 to be charged, and after the charging of the battery pack 7 is completed, the electric vehicle 1 leaves the parking area 4 to the battery replacing system 2 to load the charged battery pack 7 into the electric vehicle 1, so that the electric vehicle can be normally used.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific method for supplementing electric energy is as follows:
s101, when the electric vehicle 1 enters a parking lot and has a charging requirement, firstly, executing a first battery replacement process: the electric vehicle runs to the battery swapping system 2, swaps down the battery pack 7 to be charged through the battery swapping system 2, and places the battery pack 7 in the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5; (corresponding to S101 a)
S102, starting a second power source to drive the electric vehicle 1 to a parking area 4 for parking;
s103, the battery pack 7 to be charged is conveyed to the charging system 3 by the battery pack transfer conveying device 5 for charging; (corresponding to S102a, S103 a)
S104, after the charging is finished, the charged battery pack 7 is conveyed to the battery conversion system 2 by the battery pack transfer conveying device 5; (corresponding to S104 a)
S105, the electric vehicle 1 continues to use the second power source to travel to the battery replacement system, the charged battery pack is loaded into the electric vehicle through the battery replacement system, and then the electric vehicle leaves; (corresponding to S105 a)
The battery pack relay transport device 5 further includes a thermal management module, and in steps S103 and S104 (corresponding to steps S102a, S103a, and S104 a), the thermal management module performs a whole-process thermal management control on the battery pack 7 in the battery pack relay transport device 5.
It should be noted that the above method may basically correspond to the method for supplementing electric energy for an electric vehicle based on a battery pack transfer transportation device in the disclosure, and what is illustrated in the method for supplementing electric energy for an electric vehicle based on a battery pack transfer transportation device in the disclosure is a method generally applicable to various application scenarios, specifically as follows:
s101a, the electric vehicle 1 sends a supplementary electric energy request signal and enters the power conversion system 2; the battery replacement system 2 responds to the electric energy supplement request signal and executes a first battery replacement process; the first power changing process comprises the following steps: unloading the battery pack 7 to be charged in the electric vehicle 1, placing the battery pack 7 to be charged in the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5, and sending a signal of finishing the first power conversion to the electric vehicle 1;
s102a, the battery pack relay transport device 5 performs a transport process of transporting the battery pack 7 to be charged into the charging system 3 for charging;
s103a, the charging system 3 performs a charging process on the battery pack 7;
s104a, the package relay transport device 5 performs a transport process of transporting the charged battery package 7 from the charging system 3 to the battery replacement system 2;
s105a, the electric vehicle 1 enters the battery replacement system 2 again, and the battery replacement system 2 executes a second battery replacement process, where the second battery replacement process includes: the charged battery pack 7 is taken out of the battery pack relay transport device 5 by the battery conversion system 2, loaded into the electric vehicle 1, and a signal indicating that the second conversion is completed is transmitted to the electric vehicle 1.
Further, the above process includes a process that the electric vehicle 1 needs to enter and exit the battery swapping system 2 twice, and according to different application scenarios and user requirements (mainly, the difference is that the purpose of human-vehicle separation, the mode, the time span and other factors are different, and the system can pertinently adopt a more convenient and efficient operation method), the operation mode of the electric vehicle 1 entering and exiting the battery swapping system 2 is one or a combination of more of the following three modes: the first mode of operation is that the user drives the vehicle, the second mode of operation is that the designated person drives the vehicle, and the third mode of operation is that the automatic driving system operates the vehicle.
In addition, if the shared battery pack 7 is used in the electric vehicle 1, the battery pack 7 unloaded by the first battery replacement process and the battery pack 7 loaded by the second battery replacement process may be different battery packs. In this case, the overall scheduling of the system can be used to improve the operation efficiency of the whole system.
It should be noted that: the charging rate mainly adopted in the charging process is at least 1C, and can be 2C or higher when the conditions allow, and certainly, the charging process can be compatible with a lower charging rate; the second power source may be a case where a fixed battery pack having a small capacity is fixedly installed in the electric vehicle 1, or a charging pack having a small capacity, which is temporarily provided by a service provider as the same interface as the on-vehicle battery pack, or a non-electric power source in the hybrid electric vehicle 1.
Furthermore, a plurality of battery replacing systems are respectively arranged at different positions in the parking lot, and a special channel for the conveying device to use is respectively arranged between each battery replacing system and each charging system, so that the conveying device can move back and forth between each battery replacing system and each charging system. Therefore, the electric vehicle can freely select a proper power conversion system to execute a first power conversion process or a second power conversion process.
Furthermore, the electronic tags of the identity information are arranged in the battery packs, and each electric vehicle can prevent the situation of replacement error in the battery replacement process by checking the electronic tags of the corresponding battery packs, so that the battery pack is special.
The present invention will be described below by taking an application scenario of a highway service area as an example. According to statistical analysis, the long stay time of the user in the expressway service area is about 20-30 minutes, and the electric energy supplement is completed in the time period as far as possible, so that the traveling experience of the user is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 2, two battery replacing systems 2 are arranged in the expressway service area, that is, a first battery replacing system 201 and a second battery replacing system 202 are respectively arranged at the entrance and the exit of the expressway service area (for the convenience of users); a charging system 3 and a parking area 4 are respectively arranged in the parking device; three special channels 6, namely a first special channel 601, a second special channel 602 and a third special channel 603, are respectively arranged among the charging system 3, the first battery conversion system 201 and the second battery conversion system 202 and are used for reciprocating movement of the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5; the special channel 6 can be hidden, i.e. the channel body is arranged below the ground surface, so that the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 can move smoothly.
Firstly, when the electric vehicle 1 enters the service area of the expressway, the battery pack 7 to be charged is replaced by a small-capacity battery pack (for example, a battery pack of 5 Kwh) provided by a service provider at the first battery replacement system 201 by first passing through the first battery replacement system 201 at the entrance; the small-capacity battery pack is different from the normal battery pack 7 in electric quantity, and the battery replacement interface for butting with the vehicle is the same; then, the battery-replaceable electric vehicle drives into the parking area 4 by taking a low-capacity battery pack as a second power source to park;
secondly, placing the battery pack 7 to be charged in the battery pack relay conveying device 5, butting the heat exchange connection interface 504 of the battery pack relay conveying device 5 with the external interface 701 of the heat exchange module of the battery pack 7, and keeping the connection state all the time; at this time, starting a thermal management module of the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5 to perform whole-process thermal management control on the battery pack 7 in the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5;
thirdly, the battery pack transfer and transport device 5 enters the charging system 3 along the first special channel 601, connects the charging system 3 with the charging interface of the battery pack 7 and charges the battery pack 7; at this time, the battery pack 7 is still in the battery pack relay conveyor 5, and the thermal management module of the battery pack relay conveyor 5 continuously works;
fourthly, after the charging is completed, the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 takes the battery pack 7 out of the charging system 3, and reaches the second switching system 202 at the outlet along the second dedicated channel 602, and the thermal management module of the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 continuously works; meanwhile, the electric vehicle 1 is notified to go to the second battery replacement system 202; then, the charged battery pack 7 is loaded onto the electric vehicle 1 through the second battery conversion system 202, and the small-capacity battery pack is taken out and put into the battery pack transfer and transport device 5 for standby; at this time, the electric vehicle 1 can leave the service area to continue traveling;
fifth, the battery pack transferring and transporting device 5 carries the small-capacity battery pack to return to the first battery swapping system 201 along the third dedicated channel 603 to wait for S106 in the corresponding diagram; and then the reciprocating operation is carried out according to the cycle.
In the system, a plurality of battery pack transfer and conveying devices 5 are arranged, and the number of the battery pack transfer and conveying devices 5 is set according to the parallel charging capacity of the charging system 3.
The battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 comprises a thermal management module, and the thermal management module at least comprises: a cold storage device 501, a heat storage device 502, a controller 503 and a heat exchange connection interface 504; the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502 are respectively connected with the controller 503 through pipelines, the controller 503 is connected with the heat exchange connection interface 504 through a pipeline, and cold or heat is selectively output through the heat exchange connection interface 504 according to requirements; the controller 503 switches the circuit according to the requirement and communicates with the cold storage device 501 or the heat storage device 502;
the thermal management module is used for keeping connection with the battery pack 7 and executing a whole thermal management process, and the thermal management process comprises the following steps: when the battery pack 7 to be charged is placed in the battery pack relay transport device 5, a heat exchange path is formed between the heat exchange connection interface 504 and the external interface 701 of the heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 and the battery pack 7, and a heat management process is started; then, the thermal management module and the battery pack 7 are always kept in a connected state, and the thermal management process is continued; finally, when the charged battery pack 7 is about to be reloaded onto the electric vehicle 1, the thermal management module is disconnected from the battery pack 7; in the process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack 7 is selectively cooled or heated through the cold storage device 501 or the heat storage device 502 in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack 7 can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets of each control stage.
Further, the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 further comprises a communication module, and the communication module is used for communicating with the battery pack 7 and/or communicating with the charging system 3;
when the communication is carried out with the battery pack 7, the temperature parameter and the charge state parameter of the battery pack 7 are obtained; when the communication is performed with the charging system 3, the charging control parameter of the charging system 3 is acquired, and the temperature parameter and the state of charge parameter of the battery pack 7 are acquired through the charging system 3.
Further, the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5 further comprises a battery pack fixing module, and the battery pack fixing module is used for fixing the battery pack 7 on the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5.
In order to enable the thermal management module in the battery pack transfer device 5 to continuously operate, a cold source 8 and a heat source 9 are arranged in a parking lot, or/and a compression heat pump is arranged in the battery pack transfer device 5.
Further, the parking lot further comprises a cold source 8 and a heat source 9, wherein the cold source 8 and the heat source 9 are respectively used for preparing and storing sufficient cold and heat, and are used for respectively supplementing the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502 in the battery pack transit device 5 with cold and heat. The cold source 8 and the heat source 9 are located near the charging system 3, and during the charging process, the cold source and the heat source are respectively and timely supplemented according to the energy consumption conditions of the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502 in the battery pack transferring and conveying device 5. The mode of synchronous operation of cooling and heating is usually adopted to reduce energy consumption.
Further, a compression heat pump is arranged in the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5, and the compression heat pump at least comprises an evaporator 505, a compressor 506 and a condenser 507; an evaporator 505 is provided in the cold storage 501, and a condenser 507 is provided in the heat storage 502; when the compressor 506 is operated, the evaporator 505 side cools and the condenser 507 side heats. Thereby supplementing cold and heat to the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502, respectively.
The compression type heat pump can be determined to operate according to refrigeration or heating according to the proportional relation between the cold quantity and the heat quantity required in the control process; in general, the difference between the amount of cold and the amount of heat can be supplemented by electric energy, in which case the amount of cold required is greater, and the amount of heat required is greater. Unlike the conventional heat pump system, in this embodiment, if it is necessary to switch the mode between cooling and heating, the positions and functions of the condenser 507 and the evaporator 505 are kept unchanged.
Example 2:
the method for supplementing electric energy to the electric vehicle based on the battery pack transfer conveying device of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows:
multiple studies show that when a battery is charged, if the temperature of the battery is properly increased, the activity of the battery can be excited, and the charging process can be completed more quickly; however, the problem is how to quickly raise the temperature of the battery by controllable measures and quickly lower the temperature of the battery to a normal level after the charging is completed, and the whole process is not only quick, but also low in energy consumption.
Generally, the cooling capacity and the heating capacity of a vehicle thermal management system of a passenger vehicle are respectively between 2 and 5KW, and if the cooling capacity and the heating capacity are increased, the cost is high, and the volume of the system is also increased, so that the realization is difficult. According to the invention, the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502 are adopted in the heat management module of the battery pack transfer conveying device 5, and high-grade cold/heat can be prepared and the preparation cost can be reduced by a common energy storage technical means which is prepared and stored in advance, so that the bottleneck in the aspects of output refrigerating capacity and heating capacity is basically avoided; for example, the output capacity is increased by increasing the temperature difference, and an ice-water mixture of about 0 ℃ is stored in the cold storage 501 and hot water of more than 80 ℃ is stored in the heat storage 502. At this time, as long as the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 has strong heat exchange capability and heat soaking capability, the thermal management goal of quickly adjusting the battery temperature in the battery pack 7 can be achieved.
First, the charging period is set to tc, and the in-transit periods of the battery pack 7 before and after charging are 0.1tc, respectively; that is, the time when the battery pack 7 corresponding to S101 is loaded into the battery pack relay transport device 5 is-0.1 tc, and the time when the battery pack 7 corresponding to S105 is removed from the battery pack relay transport device 5 is 1.1 tc. Since the battery pack 7 generally has 10-20% of the charge capacity (SOC) during charging, it is economical and safe to charge the battery pack to about 80% and not more than 90%, and the maximum charge capacity of a single quick charge is about 70% of the total charge capacity of the battery pack. The following is divided into two cases according to the characteristics of the battery pack 7, and the quick-charge method is analyzed in this example and example 3, respectively.
In the present embodiment, the case where the heat exchange capacity of the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 is relatively weak; the highest charge rate was 2C, and the specific temperature control parameters were as follows:
temperature interval parameters T11=35 ℃ and T12=40 ℃ in the charging preparation phase;
the temperature interval parameter of the charging front section is T21=40 ℃, T22=45 ℃;
the temperature interval parameter T31=35 ℃ and T32=40 ℃ of the post-charging section;
after charging is finished, temperature interval parameters T41=25 ℃, T42=30 ℃;
as shown in fig. 5 (tc =24 min, total time spent 28.8 min), the specific procedure was as follows:
at the first time point, -0.1tc, the battery pack 7 to be charged is placed in the battery pack relay transport device 5, assuming that the battery temperature T =30 ℃ and the remaining battery capacity in the battery pack 7 is 10%; at this time, starting the thermal management module of the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5 to perform heating operation, so that the temperature of the battery is raised to about 40 ℃;
secondly, at the time of 0tc, at this time, the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5 enters the charging system 3, and the charging system 3 is connected with the battery pack 7, namely, the charging process is started; a 2C charging rate is adopted in a time period from 0tc to 0.5tc, and the battery heats up in the charging process, so that real-time monitoring is carried out in the process, and if the temperature of the battery exceeds 45 ℃, proper cooling operation is carried out; the battery charge at the end of this time period is about 50%;
thirdly, performing a cooling operation for a time period of 0.5tc to 1tc so that the battery temperature gradually decreases from 45 ℃ to 35 ℃, and gradually reducing the charging rate from 2C to 1C according to the temperature change in the process; finally, the charging process is completed, and the battery electric quantity is about 80% when the charging process is finished;
fourth, a period of 1tc to 1.1tc, the package relay transport means 5 leaves the charging system 3 and finally loads the charged battery package 7 into the electric vehicle 1; the cooling operation is continued during this process, so that the battery temperature is lowered to about 25 ℃, which facilitates safe use of the electric vehicle 1 during subsequent driving.
Because the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature of the battery is not large, the heat management energy consumption of the whole process is lower through the operation mode of cooling and heating in the system.
It should be noted that: the time lengths of the front charging period and the rear charging period can be the same or different, and can be adjusted according to actual conditions; moreover, it is a practical and safe strategy to adopt a relatively high charging rate in the front period when the SOC of the battery is low and a relatively low charging rate in the rear period when the SOC of the battery is high. The temperature parameters of the respective control stages may be adjusted according to actual conditions, for example, if the ambient temperature is low, the final temperature of the battery may be appropriately increased, and if the ambient temperature is high, the final temperature of the battery may be appropriately decreased for use.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 2, when the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 has higher heat exchange capacity and heat soaking capacity, for example, measures such as a high-performance microchannel water cooling plate are adopted; a maximum charge rate of 3C or higher may be used, with specific temperature control parameters as follows:
temperature interval parameters T11=40 ℃ and T12=50 ℃ in the charging preparation phase;
the temperature interval parameter T21=50 ℃ at the front charging section, and T22=55 ℃;
the temperature interval parameter T31=35 ℃ and T32=40 ℃ of the post-charging section;
after charging is finished, temperature interval parameters T41=25 ℃, T42=30 ℃;
as shown in fig. 6 (tc =17 min, total time consumption 20.4 min), the specific procedure was as follows:
at the first time point, -0.1tc, the battery pack 7 to be charged is placed in the battery pack relay transport device 5, assuming that the battery temperature T =30 ℃ and the remaining battery capacity in the battery pack 7 is 10%; at this time, starting the thermal management module of the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5 to perform heating operation, so that the temperature of the battery is raised to about 50 ℃;
secondly, at the time of 0tc, when the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5 enters the charging system 3 and the charging system 3 is connected with the battery pack 7, the charging process is started; a 3C charging rate is adopted in a time period from 0tc to 0.5tc, and the battery is heated and heated in the charging process, so that the real-time monitoring is carried out in the process, and if the temperature of the battery exceeds 55 ℃, a proper cooling operation is carried out; the battery charge at the end of this period is about 52.5%;
thirdly, performing a cooling operation so that the battery temperature gradually decreases from 55 ℃ to 35 ℃ during a time period of 0.5tc to 1tc, during which the charging rate is gradually reduced from 3C to 1C according to the change in temperature; finally, the charging process is completed, and the battery capacity is about 80.83% at the end;
fourth, a period of 1tc to 1.1tc, the package relay transport means 5 leaves the charging system 3 and finally loads the charged battery package 7 into the electric vehicle 1; the cooling operation is continued during this process, so that the battery temperature is lowered to about 25 ℃, which facilitates safe use of the electric vehicle 1 during subsequent driving.
With reference to embodiment 1, the total time for replenishing electric energy to the electric vehicle 1 in the service area of the expressway is about 20 minutes, and during this period, the user can move freely in the service area, and the user's demand can be substantially satisfied. For the service area of the expressway, if the two battery systems 2 of the inlet and the outlet are equipped and the supporting electric facilities are sufficient, theoretically, 40 electric vehicles 1 can be served every hour, and the main addition is the charging system 3 with a small floor area. Compared with the rapid charging stations with the same service capacity, at least 20 high-standard rapid charging parking spaces need to be built, and due to factors in multiple aspects, the existing rapid charging stations for the national power grid highway are only built by configuring 4 direct current charging piles per station. It can be seen that the solution of the present invention is very outstanding in terms of construction cost, floor space, service ability and safety.
Through the technical scheme of the embodiment, even if the vehicle adopts the shared battery mode in the area where the vehicle usually runs, the special battery pack can be at least ensured to be used all the time in the process of crossing the area and going out for a long distance; therefore, a service provider in the battery replacement sharing mode can focus on providing battery sharing service in a certain area instead of covering all areas, so that the operation threshold of the service provider is greatly reduced, and the popularization and application of the battery replacement mode are facilitated.
For convenience of explanation, the control processes in examples 2 and 3 are slightly simplified as compared with the actual processes. In addition, the control strategy described in embodiments 2 and 3 is only one of many control strategies, and those skilled in the art may make various adjustments and changes according to actual situations, for example, a control strategy mainly using cooling in the whole process may also be adopted.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. Battery package transfer conveyor, its characterized in that:
the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5) is used for carrying a battery pack (7) to and fro between the battery conversion system (2) and the charging system (3); the method comprises the following steps: receiving a battery pack (7) to be charged unloaded from an electric vehicle (1) at a battery swapping system (2); then the battery pack (7) is carried to enter a charging system (3) to charge the battery pack (7); when the battery pack (7) is charged, the battery pack (7) is carried with the battery pack to leave the charging system (3) and return to the battery replacing system (2), so that the battery pack (7) can be loaded into the electric vehicle (1);
the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5) comprises a thermal management module, and the thermal management module at least comprises: the system comprises a cold storage device (501), a heat storage device (502), a controller (503) and a heat exchange connection interface (504); the cold storage device (501) and the heat storage device (502) are respectively connected with the controller (503) through pipelines, the controller (503) is connected with the heat exchange connection interface (504) through pipelines, and cold or heat is selectively output through the heat exchange connection interface (504) according to requirements;
the thermal management module is used for keeping connection with the battery pack (7) and executing a whole-process thermal management process, and the thermal management process comprises the following steps: when a battery pack (7) to be charged is placed in the battery pack transfer conveying device (5), a heat exchange connection interface (504) is butted with an external interface (701) of a heat exchange module of the battery pack (7), a heat exchange path is formed between the heat exchange connection interface and the battery pack (7), and a heat management process is started; then, the thermal management module and the battery pack (7) are always kept in a connected state, and the thermal management process is continued; finally, when the charged battery pack (7) is to be reloaded onto the electric vehicle (1), the thermal management module is disconnected from the battery pack (7); in the process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack (7) is selectively cooled or heated through the cold storage device (501) or the heat storage device (502) in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack (7) can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets of each control stage.
2. The battery pack transfer and transportation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5) further comprises a communication module, and the communication module is used for communicating with the battery pack (7) and/or communicating with the charging system (3);
when the device is communicated with a battery pack (7), acquiring a temperature parameter and a charge state parameter of the battery pack (7); when the intelligent charging system is communicated with the charging system (3), the charging control parameters of the charging system (3) are obtained, and the temperature parameters and the charge state parameters of the battery pack (7) are obtained through the charging system (3).
3. The battery pack transfer and transportation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5) further comprises a battery pack fixing module, and the battery pack fixing module is used for fixing the battery pack (7) on the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5).
4. The battery pack transfer and transportation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the battery pack transfer conveying device (5) further comprises a compression heat pump, and the compression heat pump at least comprises an evaporator (505), a compressor (506) and a condenser (507); the evaporator (505) is arranged in the cold storage device (501), and the condenser (507) is arranged in the heat storage device (502); when the compressor (506) is operated, the evaporator (505) end refrigerates and the condenser (507) end heats.
5. The battery pack transfer and transportation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
a cold source (8) and a heat source (9) are arranged at the battery conversion system (2) or the charging system (3), and the cold source (8) and the heat source (9) are respectively used for preparing cold and heat and respectively used for supplementing cold and heat to a cold storage device (501) and a heat storage device (502) in one or more battery packs transfer and transport devices (5).
6. The battery pack transfer and transportation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
a special channel (6) for the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5) is arranged between the battery conversion system (2) and the charging system (3), so that the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5) can move back and forth between the battery conversion system (2) and the charging system (3) without obstruction.
7. An electric vehicle electric energy supplementing method based on a battery pack transfer conveying device is characterized in that:
the service of replacing the battery pack (7) and supplementing electric energy is provided for the electric vehicle (1) through the battery conversion system (2), the charging system (3) and the battery pack transfer conveying device (5), and the service comprises the following steps:
s101a, the electric vehicle (1) enters the battery replacement system (2); the battery replacement system (2) executes a first battery replacement process; the first power changing process comprises the following steps: unloading a battery pack (7) to be charged in the electric vehicle (1) and placing the battery pack (7) to be charged into the battery pack transfer conveying device (5);
s102a, the battery pack transfer conveying device (5) carries out the conveying process of conveying the battery pack (7) to be charged into the charging system (3) for charging;
s103a, the charging system (3) performs a charging process on the battery pack (7);
s104a, the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5) carries out a conveying process of conveying the charged battery pack (7) from the charging system (3) to the battery conversion system (2);
s105a, the electric vehicle (1) enters the battery replacement system (2) again, the battery replacement system (2) executes a second battery replacement process, and the second battery replacement process comprises the following steps: the charged battery pack (7) is taken out of the battery pack transfer conveying device (5) through the battery conversion system (2) and loaded into the electric vehicle (1);
the battery pack transfer and conveying device (5) comprises a thermal management module; in the three steps of S102a, S103a and S104a, the thermal management module of the battery pack relay conveying device (5) is kept connected with the battery pack (7) and performs a thermal management process, and the battery pack (7) is heated or cooled through the thermal management module;
the heat management process is divided into a plurality of control stages, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the heat management module selectively cools or heats the battery pack (7) in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack (7) can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets in each control stage.
8. The method for supplementing electric energy to the electric vehicle based on the battery pack transfer and transportation device according to claim 7, wherein:
monitoring the real-time temperature T of the battery in the battery pack (7) through a temperature sensor;
setting battery temperature interval parameters which are not less than four, wherein the battery temperature interval parameters comprise: temperature interval parameters T11-T12 in the charging preparation stage, temperature interval parameters T21-T22 in the charging front stage, temperature interval parameters T31-T32 in the charging rear stage and temperature interval parameters T41-T42 after charging is finished; the temperature sequence relationship is T21> T11> T31> T41, and T22> T12> T32> T42;
the specific operation process is as follows:
s201, when a battery pack (7) to be charged is placed in the battery pack transfer conveying device (5), connecting a thermal management module with the battery pack (7), and preprocessing the battery pack (7) by the thermal management module to enable the temperature of the battery to be increased and controlled between T11 and T12;
s202, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module in the front period of the charging process, so that the temperature of the battery is increased and controlled between T21 and T22, and performing a cooling operation when T > T22, wherein a relatively high charging rate is adopted;
s203, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module in the later period of the charging process so that the temperature of the battery falls back to a range from T31 to T32, wherein a relatively low charging rate is adopted in the step;
s204, after the charging is finished, the battery temperature is continuously controlled by the thermal management module, so that the battery temperature continuously falls back to a range from T41 to T42; the thermal management module is then disconnected from the battery pack (7) so that the charged battery pack (7) can be loaded into the electric vehicle (1).
9. The method for supplementing electric power to an electric vehicle based on a battery pack transfer unit according to claim 8, wherein the temperature T11 is higher than a normal discharge use temperature of the battery.
10. The method for supplementing electric energy to the electric vehicle based on the battery pack transfer and transportation device according to claim 7, wherein:
the operation mode of the electric vehicle (1) entering and exiting the battery replacement system (2) is one or more of the following three modes: the first mode of operation is that the user drives the vehicle, the second mode of operation is that the designated person drives the vehicle, and the third mode of operation is that the automatic driving system operates the vehicle.
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| CN2021102821474 | 2021-03-16 | ||
| CN202110278584.9A CN112659967A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Parking lot charging system and method based on battery replacement type electric vehicle |
| CN202110282147.4A CN112659968A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Reservation charging method for battery-replaceable electric vehicle in parking lot |
| CN2021102785849 | 2021-03-16 |
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