CN114589993A - Preparation process of halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board and halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board - Google Patents

Preparation process of halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board and halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114589993A
CN114589993A CN202210175735.2A CN202210175735A CN114589993A CN 114589993 A CN114589993 A CN 114589993A CN 202210175735 A CN202210175735 A CN 202210175735A CN 114589993 A CN114589993 A CN 114589993A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
glass fiber
halogen
retardant
fiber board
free flame
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Pending
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CN202210175735.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
解孝林
朱谦
周兴平
李畅
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Hubei Nanze Automobile Composite Material Co ltd
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Hubei Nanze Automobile Composite Material Co ltd
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Application filed by Hubei Nanze Automobile Composite Material Co ltd filed Critical Hubei Nanze Automobile Composite Material Co ltd
Priority to CN202210175735.2A priority Critical patent/CN114589993A/en
Publication of CN114589993A publication Critical patent/CN114589993A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation process of a glass fiber board, in particular to a preparation process of a halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board and the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board, wherein the process comprises the following steps: (1) mixing glass fiber, water-soluble flame retardant and polypropylene fiber, and baking after dispersion treatment, fiber carding and web formation and needling reinforcement to prepare a base material; (2) scattering polyethylene mixed powder containing expanded graphite on a base material, heating by single-side radiation, and then cold-rolling to prepare glass fiber thermoplastic; (3) and (3) attaching the polyurethane adhesive to the surface of the glass fiber thermoplastic, covering the surface layer, and continuously pressurizing to prepare the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board. The prepared halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board combines expanded graphite and a water-soluble flame retardant, achieves a good flame-retardant effect, further improves the flame-retardant property, and meets the requirements of high mechanical property and high-efficiency flame retardance of the vehicle-mounted interior trim parts.

Description

Preparation process of halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board and halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation process of a glass fiber board, in particular to a preparation process of a halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board and the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board.
Background
Glass fiber board is named as follows: the glass fiber heat insulating board, glass fiber composite board, etc. are compounded with glass fiber and polypropylene material, and have no asbestos component harmful to human body, high mechanical performance, high dielectric performance, high heat resistance, high moisture resistance and high machinability. The glass fiber board is used as container, trestle, anticorrosive and electric material for traffic and other departments.
The existing glass fiber board is difficult to meet the flame-retardant requirement, the reason is that the glass fiber board has a wick effect in the combustion process, the glass fiber does not combust, but the glass fiber after high-temperature redness can aggravate the combustion of polypropylene fiber in the glass fiber board, particularly under the condition of higher oxygen concentration (more than 23 percent), the severe combustion of the glass fiber board can be further aggravated, and the flame-retardant requirement of the glass fiber board can be hardly met by singly using one flame retardant.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a preparation process of a halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board, wherein polyethylene mixed powder containing expanded graphite is uniformly dispersed into the glass fiber board and is matched with a water-soluble flame retardant to play a synergistic flame-retardant role, so that a good flame-retardant effect is achieved, and the flame-retardant performance is further improved.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the preparation process of the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material: after being dissolved in water, the water-soluble flame retardant is sprayed in glass fibers, then polypropylene fibers are added for mixing, the mixture is subjected to dispersion treatment to form sheet cotton with consistent density, then a fiber carding machine and a cross lapping machine are adopted to adjust the sheet cotton into a fiber web, and the fiber web is subjected to needle punching reinforcement and then is baked to obtain a base material;
(2) powder spreading: uniformly scattering polyethylene mixed powder containing expanded graphite on a baked base material under the action of a powder scattering machine and a vibrating screen, melting the polyethylene mixed powder containing expanded graphite through single-side radiation heating, and then rolling, cooling and leveling to obtain the glass fiber thermoplastic;
(3) compounding the plates: and coating a polyurethane material on the glass fiber thermoplastic, then laminating and covering a surface layer, and continuously pressurizing to prepare the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board.
The expanded graphite adopted in the invention has the characteristics of no halogen, no toxicity, no pollution and the like, can expand 150-300 times in volume instantly when meeting high temperature, and is often used as an adsorbent in the field of water environmental protection treatment of oils, organic molecules, hydrophobic substances and the like. The inventor finds that the polyethylene mixed powder containing the expanded graphite is uniformly dispersed in the polypropylene fiber and the glass fiber of the glass fiber board to achieve better flame retardant effect through long-term research and experiments. The inventors have found that the flame retardant principle of expanded graphite may be: the volume of the expanded graphite expands rapidly at high temperature, so that the residual micro inner space in the glass fiber board is reduced, and flames are choked; on the other hand, the expanded graphite covers the surface of the base material, so that external heat energy radiation and contact between the glass fiber board and oxygen are isolated, and the purpose of flame retardance is achieved. In addition, the inventor also adopts a water-soluble flame retardant as the flame retardant of the glass fiber board, and the water-soluble flame retardant and the expanded graphite have a synergistic flame retardant effect, so that acid radicals of the water-soluble flame retardant are released during flame retardance, a base material is promoted to be carbonized, and the flame retardant property is further improved.
In the invention, the mass fraction of the expanded graphite is 10-40%, and the mass ratio of the polyethylene to the expanded graphite is 20: 80-40: 60.
In the present invention, the water-soluble flame retardant includes, but is not limited to, one or more of ammonium sulfate, borax, borate and phosphate.
The mass fraction of the water-soluble flame retardant is 5-30%, and the mass ratio of the water-soluble flame retardant to water is 1: 1000-1: 10.
In the invention, the dusting frequency of the duster is adjusted to be 15g per meter width within 50HZ, and the needling frequency is 200-1000 times/min.
In the invention, the baking temperature is 155-250 ℃, and the advancing speed during baking is 0.1-10 m/min; in the invention, the temperature of the single-side radiation heating is 125-155 ℃, and the pressurizing pressure is 1-5 atmospheric pressures.
In the invention, the surface layer comprises two layers, wherein one layer is kraft paper soaked with phenolic resin, and the other layer is colored paper soaked with melamine resin.
In the present invention, the surface layer and the base materialThe mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 10: 90-40: 60; the base material has a width of 500-3000 mm and a mass per unit area of 300-5000 g/m2The thickness is 4-50 cm.
The dispersion treatment comprises primary dispersion treatment and secondary dispersion treatment, wherein the primary dispersion treatment is that the mixed materials are transported along with a conveying curtain and then are grabbed by steel nails on a corner nail curtain, the mixed materials in different time periods are grabbed at the same time, and the mixed materials are further mixed and dispersed into small blocky materials under the striking of a hair homogenizing roller and a hair peeling roller; the secondary dispersion treatment is to adopt a fine opener to loosen the small blocky materials subjected to the primary dispersion treatment, then convey the materials to a vibration cotton box through a fan, and then the materials are torn by the angle nail curtain, the hair equalizing roller and the hair peeling roller to be dispersed into snowflake-shaped materials, and then the materials are treated into sheet cotton with consistent density under the action of the vibration plate. The invention disperses the mixed material into small blocks through the angle nail curtain, the hair equalizing roller and the hair peeling roller through two times of dispersion treatment, then the small blocks of entangled fiber material are loosened into snowflake material by the tearing action of the fine loosening machine, meanwhile, the small impurities in the material are removed by the mixing and impurity removing action in the loosening process, and finally the material is dispersed into banquet cotton with consistent density under the action of the vibration plate.
Further, with the help of a sensor, the weight of sheet cotton entering the next section of carding machine is kept consistent at any time by real-time frequency acquisition, weighing and online synchronous speed adjustment.
In the invention, sheet cotton entering a carding machine is divided into a plurality of carding units, and each carding unit is fed with 31 filaments to 7 filaments from a discharge wire, so that a carded fiber web has no neps and a uniform cloud patch web surface; and then, a cross lapping machine is adopted to fold the fiber web in a cross way through reciprocating motion, and the distance of the reciprocating motion and the speed of lapping and forming a net curtain are adjusted, so that the size and the gram weight of the fiber web meet the requirements. The sheet cotton is further scattered and uniformly mixed through the carding action of the carding machine, the carded single fibers are mutually staggered by utilizing the mutual movement between the card clothing on the surfaces of the paired rollers, a uniform fiber web without neps is formed by utilizing the self-curling and friction, and then the fiber web is overlapped and crossed by the lapping machine to be consolidated by the needling machine after the fiber web is formed.
Further, a needle machine is adopted to puncture fibers in the fiber net, so that the fibers are displaced, entangled and cohered to finally form a felt material with a certain thickness; the felt is baked by adopting jet convection type hot air, the advancing speed during baking is controlled to be 0.1-10 m/min according to the weight of a product, and then the felt is rapidly cooled under the pressure given by a cold water roller to form a continuous plate, namely a base material. The fiber web which is paved by the lapping machine is quite fluffy when being fed into the needle machine, only the cohesive force between the fibers generates a certain strong force, but the strong force is poor, when a plurality of felting needles penetrate the fiber web, the felting hooks on the felting needles can drive the fibers on the surface and the sub-surface of the fiber web to move towards the vertical direction of the fiber web from the plane direction of the fiber web, so that the fibers can move up and down, the fibers in the fiber web are closed and compressed, the friction force between the fibers in the fiber web is increased, the strength of the fiber web is increased, the density is increased, and further, the fiber web has a certain strong force and elasticity.
In the invention, the polyurethane material is prepared from polyether polyol or polyester polyol and isocyanate; the isocyanate comprises but is not limited to one or more of toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate and triphenylmethane triisocyanate, the functionality of the polyether polyol or polyester polyol is 2-6, and the relative molecular mass is 300-10000.
The invention also aims to provide the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board prepared by adopting the process.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts the polyethylene mixed powder containing expanded graphite and the water-soluble flame retardant as the flame retardant of the glass fiber board, has synergistic flame retardant effect, achieves good flame retardant effect, and further improves the flame retardant property.
(2) According to the invention, through the process steps of twice dispersion treatment, fiber carding into a web, baking after needling reinforcement and the like, the mixed material is firstly dispersed into small block-shaped materials, then the small block-shaped materials are dispersed into sheet cotton with consistent density, then the carded fiber web has no neps through fiber carding, the cloud spot web surface is uniform, finally the strength in the fiber web is increased through needling reinforcement, the density is increased, and further the fiber web has certain strength and elasticity, and the finally prepared glass fiber board meets the high mechanical property of the vehicle interior trim part.
(3) The invention synthesizes a series of high-hardness polyurethane elastomer materials, has the characteristics of high hardness and good elasticity, and prepares the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board with excellent comprehensive performance by compounding the polyurethane elastomer materials with the glass fiber thermoplastic.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Preparing a base material: putting glass fiber into a hopper, dissolving a water-soluble flame retardant in water, spraying the water-soluble flame retardant into the glass fiber, adding polypropylene fiber, mixing, and fully stirring and mixing through mutual operation of multiple rollers to form a mixed material; the mixed materials are transported along with the conveying curtain and then grabbed by steel nails on the angle nail curtain, the mixed materials in different time periods are grabbed at the same time, and the mixed materials are further mixed and dispersed into small block-shaped materials under the striking of the hair equalizing roller and the hair peeling roller; the small blocky material adopts the refined opener to loosen, carries to shaking in the cotton wool case through the fan afterwards, is torn by corner nail curtain, equal hair roller and shell hair roller again, disperses into snowflake form material, and then under the effect of vibrating plate, the material is handled into sheet cotton of the unanimous density and forms the sheet cotton of the unanimous density. Under the assistance of a sensor, the sheet cotton entering the next section of carding machine is kept consistent in weight at any time through real-time frequency sampling, weighing and online synchronous speed adjustment.
The method comprises the following steps of dividing sheet cotton entering a carding machine into a plurality of carding units, and feeding 31 filaments to 7 filaments from each carding unit to enable a carded fiber web to be free of neps and uniform in the surface of a speckled net; and then, a cross lapping machine is adopted to fold the fiber web in a cross way through reciprocating motion, and the size and the gram weight of the fiber web are adjusted by adjusting the distance of the reciprocating motion and the speed of lapping and forming a net curtain.
And (3) puncturing the fibers in the fiber net by using a needle machine with the needle puncturing frequency of 200-1000 times/min, so that the fibers are displaced, entangled and cohered to finally form a felt material with a certain thickness.
Then, the felt material is baked by adopting jet convection type hot air, the baking temperature is 155 ℃, the advancing speed in baking is controlled to be 0.1m/min, and then the felt material is rapidly cooled in a cold water roller to form the felt material with the thickness of 4cm, the width of the spoke of 500mm and the mass per unit area of 300g/m2The substrate of (1).
(2) Powder spreading: uniformly scattering polyethylene mixed powder containing expanded graphite on a base material through a powder scattering machine, wherein the powder scattering frequency of the powder scattering machine is adjusted within 50HZ according to 15g of width per meter, then carrying out single-side radiation heating on the base material at the temperature of 125 ℃, melting the polyethylene mixed powder containing the expanded graphite, and then rolling, cooling and leveling through a plurality of groups of cold water rollers to obtain the glass fiber thermoplastic.
(3) Compounding the plates: and coating a polyurethane material on the glass fiber thermoplastic, then laminating and covering two surface layers, wherein one layer is kraft paper soaked with phenolic resin, the other layer is colored paper soaked with melamine resin, and continuously pressurizing for 24 hours at the pressure of 1-5 atmospheres to prepare the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board.
Wherein the mass fraction of the expanded graphite is 10-40%, and the mass ratio of the polyethylene to the expanded graphite is 20: 80.
Wherein the water-soluble flame retardant is ammonium sulfate; the mass fraction of the water-soluble flame retardant is 5-30%, and the mass ratio of the water-soluble flame retardant to water is 1: 1000.
Wherein the mass ratio of the surface layer to the base material is 10: 90.
Wherein the polyurethane material is prepared from polyether polyol or polyester polyol and isocyanate; the isocyanate is toluene diisocyanate. The polyether polyol or polyester polyol has a functionality of 2-6 and a relative molecular mass of 300-10000.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: in the step (1), the water-soluble flame retardant is boric acidThe mass ratio of the salt, the water-soluble flame retardant and the water is 1:1000, the baking temperature is 200 ℃, the advancing speed during baking is controlled to be 5m/min, the thickness of the base material is 25cm, the width is 2000mm, and the mass per unit area is 3000g/m2(ii) a In the step (2), the temperature of single-side radiation is 135 ℃, the mass ratio of the polyethylene to the expanded graphite is 40:60, and the mass ratio of the surface layer to the base material is 40: 60; in the step (3), the isocyanate is isophorone diisocyanate.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: in the step (1), the water-soluble flame retardant is phosphate, the mass ratio of the water-soluble flame retardant to water is 1:500, the baking temperature is 250 ℃, the advancing speed during baking is controlled to be 10m/min, the thickness of the base material is 50cm, the width is 3000mm, and the mass per unit area is 5000g/m2(ii) a In the step (2), the temperature of single-side radiation is 155 ℃, the mass ratio of polyethylene to expanded graphite is 40:60, and the mass ratio of a surface layer to a base material is 40: 60; in the step (3), the isocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative and serve to explain some of the features of the method of the present invention. The appended claims are intended to claim as broad a scope as is conceivable, and the examples presented herein demonstrate the results of applicants' actual experiments. Accordingly, it is applicants' intention that the appended claims are not to be limited by the choice of examples illustrating features of the invention. Also, where numerical ranges are used in the claims, subranges therein are included, and variations in these ranges are also to be construed as possible being covered by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation process of the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a base material: after being dissolved in water, the water-soluble flame retardant is sprayed in glass fibers, then polypropylene fibers are added for mixing, the mixture is subjected to dispersion treatment to form sheet cotton with consistent density, then a fiber carding machine and a cross lapping machine are adopted to adjust the sheet cotton into a fiber web, and the fiber web is subjected to needle punching reinforcement and then is baked to obtain a base material;
(2) powder spreading: uniformly scattering polyethylene mixed powder containing expanded graphite on the base material, melting the polyethylene mixed powder containing expanded graphite through single-side radiation heating, and then rolling, cooling and leveling to obtain the glass fiber thermoplastic;
(3) compounding the plates: and coating a polyurethane material on the glass fiber thermoplastic, then covering a surface layer and pressurizing to prepare the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board.
2. The preparation process of the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the expanded graphite is 10-40%, and the mass ratio of the polyethylene to the expanded graphite is 20: 80-40: 60.
3. The process for preparing the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble flame retardant comprises one or more of ammonium sulfate, borax, borate and phosphate.
4. The preparation process of the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the water-soluble flame retardant is 5-30%, and the mass ratio of the water-soluble flame retardant to water is 1: 1000-1: 10.
5. The preparation process of the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board according to claim 1, wherein the baking temperature is 155-250 ℃, and the traveling speed of the fiber web during baking is 0.1-10 m/min; the temperature of the single-side radiation heating is 125-155 ℃, and the pressurizing pressure is 1-5 atmospheric pressures.
6. The process for preparing the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer comprises two layers, wherein one layer is kraft paper impregnated with phenolic resin, and the other layer is colored paper impregnated with melamine resin.
7. Halogen free flame retardant according to claim 1The preparation process of the glass fiber board is characterized in that the breadth of the base material is 500-3000 mm, and the mass per unit area is 300-5000 g/m2The thickness is 4-50 cm.
8. The preparation process of the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board according to claim 1, wherein the polyurethane material is prepared by reacting polyether polyol or polyester polyol with isocyanate; the isocyanate comprises one or more of toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate and triphenylmethane triisocyanate; the polyether polyol or polyester polyol has the functionality of 2-6 and the relative molecular mass of 300-10000.
9. The preparation process of the halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the dispersion treatment comprises a primary dispersion treatment and a secondary dispersion treatment, the primary dispersion treatment is that the mixed material is transported along with a conveying curtain and then is grabbed by steel nails on a brad curtain, and the mixed material is further mixed and dispersed under the striking of a wool homogenizing roller and a wool stripping roller; the secondary dispersion treatment is to adopt a fine opener to loosen the materials subjected to the primary dispersion treatment, then convey the materials to a vibration cotton box through a fan, and then disperse the materials into snowflake-shaped materials by being torn by the angle nail curtain, the hair equalizing roller and the hair peeling roller, and then the materials are treated into sheet cotton with consistent density under the action of the vibration plate.
10. A halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board, which is characterized by being prepared by the process of any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202210175735.2A 2022-02-25 2022-02-25 Preparation process of halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board and halogen-free flame-retardant glass fiber board Pending CN114589993A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008087430A (en) * 2006-10-05 2008-04-17 Nagoya Oil Chem Co Ltd Manufacturing method for interior finishing material
CN102978830A (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-20 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 Glass fiber/flame-retardance polypropylene fiber light composite board and preparation method thereof
JP2020504188A (en) * 2017-11-22 2020-02-06 ジィァンスー リースーデェァ ニュー マテリアル カンパニー リミテッド Halogen-free flame retardant reblending system for glass fiber reinforced nylon and its use in halogen free flame retardant glass fiber reinforced nylon materials

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008087430A (en) * 2006-10-05 2008-04-17 Nagoya Oil Chem Co Ltd Manufacturing method for interior finishing material
CN102978830A (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-20 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 Glass fiber/flame-retardance polypropylene fiber light composite board and preparation method thereof
JP2020504188A (en) * 2017-11-22 2020-02-06 ジィァンスー リースーデェァ ニュー マテリアル カンパニー リミテッド Halogen-free flame retardant reblending system for glass fiber reinforced nylon and its use in halogen free flame retardant glass fiber reinforced nylon materials

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