CN114589387A - Vacuum electron beam welding method for low-activation martensitic steel and nuclear fusion reactor - Google Patents
Vacuum electron beam welding method for low-activation martensitic steel and nuclear fusion reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN114589387A CN114589387A CN202210215385.8A CN202210215385A CN114589387A CN 114589387 A CN114589387 A CN 114589387A CN 202210215385 A CN202210215385 A CN 202210215385A CN 114589387 A CN114589387 A CN 114589387A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum electron beam welding method for low-activation martensitic steel and a nuclear fusion reactor, wherein the method comprises the steps of processing a V-shaped groove, placing an inlet plate, a transition outlet plate, an outlet plate and a base plate at a welding position, welding in a positioning way, welding in a penetration way and the like; the nuclear fusion reactor comprises components welded by using the low-activation martensitic steel vacuum electron beam welding method. The welding method is simple, can obtain welding seams which have no cracks, small splashing and smooth transition of appearance fish scale patterns, meets the requirement of grade B welding seams of ISO13919-1, has small deformation of weldment, ensures that the room-temperature tensile strength of a welding joint is greater than that of a base metal, and ensures that a side bending test of the welding joint is qualified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding method, in particular to a vacuum electron beam welding method for low-activation martensitic steel in a nuclear fusion reactor.
Background
The low-activation martensitic steel has low thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical property, simultaneously has lower irradiation swelling behavior, and is an ideal structural material in a nuclear fusion reactor.
The invention discloses a patent with the patent number of CN104400203A, namely an electron beam welding process suitable for packaging and forming a martensitic steel high-density flow channel, and discloses an electron beam welding method for packaging a fusion reactor cladding low-activation martensitic steel cooling part high-density flow channel. However, the process still needs two heat treatment process steps before and after the electron beam welding, has the defects of complex process, high production cost and low production efficiency, and still has a certain margin for improvement on the aspect of reducing the risk of weld cracking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the vacuum electron beam welding method for the low-activation martensitic steel, which has a simple process and can effectively reduce the risk of weld cracking.
A second aspect provides a nuclear fusion reactor for component welding using the low activation martensitic steel vacuum electron beam welding method described above.
A vacuum electron beam welding method for low-activation martensitic steel comprises the following steps:
(1) and welding preparation: processing a V-shaped groove with the angle of 0.5 degrees at the adjacent position of two pieces to be welded, and carrying out demagnetization treatment on the pieces to be welded, wherein the magnetic induction intensity is required to be lower than 2 Gauss;
(2) cleaning;
(3) the two parts to be welded are butted and pressed, an introduction plate positioned in front of the two parts to be welded is placed along the welding starting direction of the parts to be welded, a transition lead-out plate and a lead-out plate positioned behind the two parts to be welded in sequence are placed along the welding ending direction of the parts to be welded, the material of the transition lead-out plate is the same as that of the two parts to be welded, the material of the lead-out plate is austenitic stainless steel, and the introduction plate, the transition lead-out plate and the lead-out plate are all pressed with the two parts to be welded (for the two parts to be welded requiring through welding, when the thickness of the parts to be welded is more than 5mm, a base plate needs to be placed on the back of the parts to be welded, the base plate is tightly attached to the back of the parts to be welded, the thickness of the base plate is more than 0.5 times of the wall thickness of the parts to be welded, and the width of the base plate is more than 10 mm);
(4) putting the assembled workpiece into a vacuum chamber of a welding machine and vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is higher than 3 multiplied by 10-4mbar；
(5) Symmetrically positioning and welding two pieces to be welded by using a working distance of 300-700mm, an accelerating voltage of 150kV, an electron beam current of 3-15mA, a beam current focus on the surface of a welding seam, a scanning frequency of 0-500Hz, a scanning waveform of circular waves, a scanning radius of 0-0.5mm and a welding speed of 5-10 mm/s;
(6) waiting for 10-30 min;
(7) performing penetration welding on two pieces to be welded at a working distance of 300-700mm, an accelerating voltage of 150kV, an electron beam current of 5-150mA, a negative defocusing amount of 0-10mm, a scanning frequency of 0-500Hz, a scanning waveform of a circular wave, a scanning amplitude of 0-1mm and a welding speed of 5-10 mm/s;
(8) cooling in vacuum for 30min, and vacuum degree in vacuum chamber higher than 3 × 10-4mbar。
A nuclear fusion reactor comprises components welded by the low-activation martensitic steel vacuum electron beam welding method.
The welding method provided by the invention not only enables the low-activation martensitic steels to be welded stably, can obtain welding seams which are free of cracks, small in splashing and smooth in appearance fish scale pattern transition, and meets the B-level welding seam requirement of ISO13919-1, but also enables the deformation of a weldment to be small, the room-temperature tensile strength of a welding joint to be larger than that of a base metal, and the side bending test of the welding joint meets the specified requirement, and meanwhile, the welding method has the advantage of simple process.
Other features and advantages of the welding method of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description that follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding cross-sectional structure of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the front side of the welding apparatus according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a weld surface macro-topography in this example;
FIG. 4 is a weld cross-sectional macro-topography in this example;
FIG. 5 is a weld tensile test result in the present embodiment;
fig. 6 is a weld bending test result in the present embodiment;
fig. 7 is a weld nondestructive test result in the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
In this embodiment, two clavam steel plates (hereinafter referred to as steel plates) are vacuum electron beam welded;
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the two close steel plates are in the shape of a strip, and are a first steel plate 1 and a second steel plate 2, and the plate thickness δ: 20mm, 300mm in length and 150mm in width, and the welding is required to be completely welded;
the vacuum electron beam welding method for the low-activation martensitic steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) the adjacent positions to be welded of the two first steel plates 1 and the two second steel plates 2 are processed into 0.5-degree V-shaped grooves (the stress concentration of a welding seam in the welding process of the low-activation martensitic steel can be relieved under the action of the 0.5-degree micro V-shaped grooves, and meanwhile, under the condition that heat input is the same, compared with a groove-free welding seam, the weld penetration can be obviously improved, so that the maximum weld penetration can be obtained under the condition of extremely small heat input, the risk of weld cracking is reduced, and the deformation of a welding piece is reduced);
(2) polishing the metal surfaces of the positions to be welded and the periphery of the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 within 40mm by using fine sand paper to expose the metal luster;
(3) performing magnetism reduction treatment on the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 by using a demagnetizer, and checking the residual magnetic induction intensity to be 1 Gauss;
(4) cleaning the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 by water, and wiping the surface of the workpiece clean by dipping alcohol on silk cloth to ensure that the metal surface has no impurities such as oil stains and the like;
(5) the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 are butted and pressed tightly, as shown in fig. 2, along the welding starting direction of the to-be-welded part, an introduction plate 3 located in front of the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 is placed, along the welding ending direction of the to-be-welded part, a transition lead-out plate 4 and a lead-out plate 5 located behind the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 in sequence are placed, the material of the transition lead-out plate 4 is the same as that of the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2, the material of the lead-out plate 5 is austenitic stainless steel, a backing plate 6 shown in fig. 1 is placed on the back of the to-be-welded part of the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2, and the introduction plate 3, the transition lead-out plate 4, the lead-out plate 5 and the backing plate 6 are all pressed tightly against the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2, specifically, the introduction plate: the material is close steel, the plate thickness is 20mm, the length is 50mm, and the width is as follows: 25 mm; transition leading-out plate: the material is clam steel, the plate thickness is 20mm, and the length is as follows: 30mm, width: 25 mm; and (4) leading out a plate: the material is 304 stainless steel, the plate thickness is 20mm, the length is 50mm, and the width is 25 mm; backing plate: the material is close steel, the plate thickness is 20mm, the length is 430mm, the width is 25mm (the thickness of the base plate 6 is required to be larger than 0.5 time of the wall thickness of the position to be welded, the width of the base plate is required to be larger than 10mm, the size specification of the base plate 6 can ensure that the welding process is stably and continuously carried out, the collapse risk of a molten pool is reduced, and the nail tip defect can be led to the base plate 6);
(6) putting the assembled workpiece into a vacuum chamber of a welding machine and vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 1.4 multiplied by 10-4mbar；
(7) The first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 are subjected to positioning welding by using a working distance of 300mm, an accelerating voltage of 150kV, an electron beam current of 3mA, a beam current focus on the surface of a welding seam, a scanning frequency of 100Hz, a scanning waveform of a circular wave, a scanning radius of 0.1mm and a welding speed of 5 mm/s;
(8) waiting for 10min (the influence of heat input generated by tack welding on penetration welding parameters can be reduced, and the advantage that the crack of a welding seam can be reduced by preheating the martensitic steel before welding is exerted);
(9) and penetration welding: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out penetration welding on a first steel plate 1 and a second steel plate 2 at a working distance of 30mm, an acceleration voltage of 150kV, an electron beam current of 5mA, a negative defocusing value of 1mm (the negative defocusing value is not too large, otherwise, the risk of crystal cracks in a welding seam is increased), a scanning frequency of 100Hz, a scanning waveform of a circular wave, a scanning amplitude of 0.1mm and a welding speed of 5 mm/s;
(10) cooling in vacuum for 30min at a vacuum degree of 1.2X 10-4mbar。
Example 2
Two close steel plates are strip-shaped and are a first steel plate 1 and a second steel plate 2, and the plate thickness delta: 4mm, 300mm in length and 150mm in width, and welding through is not required;
the vacuum electron beam welding method for the low-activation martensitic steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) processing a V-shaped groove of 0.5 degree at the adjacent positions to be welded of the two first steel plates 1 and the two second steel plates 2;
(2) polishing the metal surfaces of the positions to be welded and the periphery of the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 within 40mm by using fine sand paper to expose the metal luster;
(3) performing magnetism reduction treatment on the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 by using a demagnetizer, and checking the residual magnetic induction intensity to be 1.5 gauss;
(4) cleaning the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 by water, and wiping the surface of the workpiece clean by dipping alcohol on silk cloth to ensure that the metal surface has no impurities such as oil stains and the like;
(5) the utility model discloses a transition lead-out plate 4 and lead-out plate 5 that is located first steel sheet 1 and second steel sheet 2 the place ahead are placed to the initial direction of welding with first steel sheet 1 and second steel sheet 2 butt joint and compress tightly, along treating the welding that welds the department, place the transition lead-out plate 4 and the lead-out plate 5 that is located first steel sheet 1 and second steel sheet 2 rear in proper order, the material of transition lead-out plate 4 is the same with first steel sheet 1 and second steel sheet 2, the material of lead-out plate 5 is the austenite stainless steel, and with above-mentioned lead-in plate 3, the transition lead-out plate 4 and lead-out plate 5 all compress tightly with first steel sheet 1 and second steel sheet 2, specifically, the lead-in plate: the material is close steel, the plate thickness is 20mm, the length is 50mm, and the width is as follows: 25 mm; transition leading-out board: the material is clam steel, the plate thickness is 20mm, and the length is as follows: 30mm, width: 25 mm; and (4) leading out a plate: the material is 304 stainless steel, the plate thickness is 20mm, the length is 50mm, and the width is 25 mm;
(6) putting the assembled workpiece into a vacuum chamber of a welding machine and vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 1.4 multiplied by 10-4mbar；
(7) Positioning and welding the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 by using a working distance of 700mm, an accelerating voltage of 150kV, an electron beam current of 15mA, a beam current focus on the surface of a weld joint, a scanning frequency of 500Hz, a scanning waveform of a circular wave, a scanning radius of 0.5mm and a welding speed of 10 mm/s;
(8) waiting for 30 min;
(9) and penetration welding: penetration welding: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out penetration welding on a first steel plate 1 and a second steel plate 2 at a working distance of 700mm, an acceleration voltage of 150kV, an electron beam current of 5-150mA, a negative defocusing of 10mm, a scanning frequency of 500Hz, a scanning waveform of a circular wave, a scanning amplitude of 1mm and a welding speed of 10 mm/s;
(10) cooling in vacuum for 30min at a vacuum degree of 1.2X 10-4mbar。
Example 3
Different from the embodiment 1, the two close steel plates are annular close steel plates with closed welding seams, the steps are the same as the embodiment 1, and the beam attenuation length at the end of welding is more than 6 times of the penetration.
Example 4
Different from the embodiment 1, the two clam steel plates are annular clam steel plates with open welding seams, the steps of the annular clam steel plates are the same as those of the embodiment 1, a beam attenuation area at the end of welding is placed on the extraction plate 5 (the martensite steel has the risk of cracking of a molten pool in the beam attenuation stage, cracks are easy to expand along the welding seams, the risk area of beam attenuation is placed on the extraction plate 5 which is not easy to crack, namely the austenite stainless steel extraction plate, so that the welding risk can be reduced, the welding seam quality of a workpiece to be welded can be ensured, and the transition extraction plate which is made of the same material as the clam steel can ensure that the molten austenite stainless steel cannot be mixed into the welding seams made of the clam steel, so that the metal pollution risk is eliminated).
Example 5
The picture of the welding seam of the welding formed part is shown in figure 3, and the front side of the welding seam has no undercut; the cross section of the welding seam is uniform (see figure 4); the tensile strength of the welding seam is greater than that of the base metal, and the welding part is broken at the base metal side in a room temperature tensile test (see figure 5); the welded joint is bent at 180 degrees without cracks at room temperature (see figure 6); the weld nondestructive testing meets the B-grade weld requirement of ISO13919-1 (see figure 7).
Claims (5)
1. A vacuum electron beam welding method for low-activation martensitic steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and welding preparation: processing a V-shaped groove with the angle of 0.5 degrees at the adjacent position of two pieces to be welded, and carrying out demagnetization treatment on the pieces to be welded, wherein the magnetic induction intensity is required to be lower than 2 Gauss;
(2) cleaning;
(3) the two parts to be welded are butted and pressed, an introduction plate positioned in front of the two parts to be welded is placed along the welding starting direction of the parts to be welded, a transition lead-out plate and a lead-out plate positioned behind the two parts to be welded are sequentially placed along the welding ending direction of the parts to be welded, the material of the transition lead-out plate is the same as that of the two parts to be welded, the material of the lead-out plate is austenitic stainless steel, and the introduction plate, the transition lead-out plate and the lead-out plate are all pressed with the two parts to be welded;
(4) putting the assembled workpiece into a vacuum chamber of a welding machine and vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is higher than 3 multiplied by 10- 4mbar；
(5) Symmetrically positioning and welding two pieces to be welded by using a working distance of 300-700mm, an accelerating voltage of 150kV, an electron beam current of 3-15mA, a beam current focus on the surface of a welding seam, a scanning frequency of 0-500Hz, a scanning waveform of circular waves, a scanning radius of 0-0.5mm and a welding speed of 5-10 mm/s;
(6) waiting for 10-30 min;
(7) performing penetration welding on two pieces to be welded at a working distance of 300-700mm, an accelerating voltage of 150kV, an electron beam current of 5-150mA, a negative defocusing amount of 0-10mm, a scanning frequency of 0-500Hz, a scanning waveform of a circular wave, a scanning amplitude of 0-1mm and a welding speed of 5-10 mm/s;
(8) cooling in vacuum for 30min, and vacuum degree in vacuum chamber higher than 3 × 10-4mbar。
2. The vacuum electron beam welding method of low activation martensitic steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and (3) when the thickness of the to-be-welded part of the two to-be-welded parts required to be completely welded is larger than 5mm, placing a base plate on the back of the to-be-welded part, wherein the base plate is tightly attached to the back of the to-be-welded part, the thickness of the base plate is larger than 0.5 time of the wall thickness of the to-be-welded part, and the width of the base plate is larger than 10 mm.
3. Vacuum electron beam welding method of a low activation martensitic steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2 characterized in that: and for the annular part to be welded with the closed welding line, the beam attenuation length at the end of welding is more than 6 times of the penetration.
4. Vacuum electron beam welding method of a low activation martensitic steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2 characterized in that: and for the annular piece to be welded with an open welding seam, the beam attenuation area at the end of welding is placed on the extraction plate.
5. A nuclear fusion reactor, characterized by: comprising components welded using the vacuum electron beam welding method of a low activation martensitic steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN202210215385.8A CN114589387A (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2022-03-07 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for low-activation martensitic steel and nuclear fusion reactor |
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| CN202210215385.8A CN114589387A (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2022-03-07 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for low-activation martensitic steel and nuclear fusion reactor |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115464245A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-12-13 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for twinning induced high-plasticity steel and application thereof |
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| CN108581167A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-09-28 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of asymmetric fusion penetration double-side electronic beam soldering method of big thickness titanium alloy sheet |
| CN109365980A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-22 | 淮南新能源研究中心 | A kind of vacuum electron beam welding method and vacuum chamber |
| CN113172320A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-27 | 合肥聚能电物理高技术开发有限公司 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for aluminum alloy plate, flange and X-ray image intensifier |
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| CN101704164A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-05-12 | 南京理工大学 | High-energy beam current welding penetration multiplying method |
| CN104400203A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Electron beam welding process suitable for encapsulation molding of martensitic steel high-density runner |
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| CN115464245A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-12-13 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for twinning induced high-plasticity steel and application thereof |
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