CN114586729A - Environment plumping device and method for cultivating high-ecological-fitness black porgy proliferation and releasing fries - Google Patents
Environment plumping device and method for cultivating high-ecological-fitness black porgy proliferation and releasing fries Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention provides an environment plumping device and method for cultivating high-ecological-fitness black porgy proliferation and releasing fries. During domestication, a domestication operation method and a black porgy offspring seed specification are selected according to the ontogeny and growth habit of the black porgy. According to the invention, the physical and bait habitat of the black porgy fry in the natural water area is simulated to strengthen fry cultivation, so that the influence of stress factors on the black porgy during the early cultivation process can be reduced, larvae can be domesticated, the reef-seeking behavior, the bait conversion capability and the natural bait predation capability of the larvae in the early development stage are enhanced, the ecological fitness of the black porgy breeding and releasing fry to the natural water area is improved, and the survival rate of the releasing fry in the breeding water area is improved. Low cost, simple operation, wide application in large-scale seedling production and proliferation and releasing practice, and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater fish proliferation and culture, and particularly relates to an environment abundance device and method for culturing black porgy proliferation and releasing fry with high ecological fitness.
Background
The fishery resource proliferation and release is an important management measure aiming at realizing sustainable utilization of fishery resources, and is a commonly adopted method in the fields of aquatic organism resource maintenance and water area ecological restoration at home and abroad at present. After hundred years of exploration and practice, fishery resource proliferation and releasing enter the exploration period of the technical mode of 'responsible fishery resource proliferation and releasing' after the 'starting stage' and 'large-scale production and releasing stage' of seedlings are carried out in sequence. According to the core concept requirement of 'responsible fishery resource proliferation and releasing', and taking wild individuals as reference, the improvement of the ecological fitness of artificially bred, proliferated, released and released seedlings to natural water is a basic requirement for constructing the technical mode. The ecological fitness of the artificially bred offspring seeds to the natural water body not only can obviously influence the efficiency performance of proliferation and releasing, but also is an important factor for judging whether relevant ecological risks are generated by the proliferation and releasing. In view of this, research on ecological fitness characteristics of proliferation and releasing population, its influencing factors and optimization measures has gradually become a hot spot in the basic research field of proliferation and releasing.
Research shows that the ecological fitness of the artificially bred offspring seeds to natural water bodies is obviously lower than that of the same wild individuals, and the specific expression is as follows: after the artificially bred seedlings enter a natural water body, the capability of preying on natural baits is generally weak, the capability of resisting releasing operation stress is poor, the capability of escaping from enemies is low, and the survival rate is obviously lower than that of the same wild population after releasing; meanwhile, the individual proportion of the artificially bred offspring seeds in the natural water body for completing the whole life history process is relatively small, the individual fertility is low, and the death rate of the offspring seeds in the early life history stage is high, so that the breeding and supplementing capacity of the artificially bred offspring seeds in the natural water body is relatively weak.
The black porgy is a rare marine economic fish, is also an important mariculture object and a breeding released fish species, has reef tendency and is like to inhabit in the reef substrate sea area. The reef-seeking behavior is a behavior tendency that fishes tend to inhabit reefs, is an external reflection of strong and weak reef-seeking performance, has important significance on requirements of predation, enemy avoidance, competition and the like of the reef-seeking fishes in the growth, development and reproduction processes, determines whether the reef-seeking fishes can adapt to a field complex habitat to a certain extent, and better survives and grows.
The environmental abundance refers to a processing method for consciously increasing the complexity of the water environment to reduce the unsuitable behavior of the fishes, thereby realizing the improvement of the welfare of the cultured fishes. Research shows that the environment is rich, which can affect the behavior, physiology and growth of animals, enhance the hiding, competition and predation abilities and improve the survival rate of domesticated animals in the wild. Therefore, the artificial breeding black porgy fries are subjected to corresponding natural water body survival simulation training, the anti-stress capability and the natural bait predation capability of the fries are improved, the ecological fitness and the survival rate of the released fries are improved, and the artificial breeding black porgy fries have extremely important significance for improving the proliferation and releasing effects. However, at present, the related research on the abundance of the black porgy environment is less, and the traditional black porgy fry breeding and releasing method has more defects, so that the result not only causes great waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources, but also seriously affects the releasing efficiency of the black porgy and the sustainable utilization of the black porgy resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides an environment-friendly device and method for breeding high-ecological-fitness black porgy breeding released fries. The fry breeding effect is enhanced by simulating the physics and the bait habitat of the black porgy fry in a natural water area. The physical habitat is designed according to the reef habitat habit of the black porgy, and the bait habitat is simulated according to the feeding characteristics of the black porgy, so that a living environment similar to a wild population is provided for early culture of the black porgy. The method can reduce the influence of stress factors on the black porgy in the early breeding process, domesticate the larva, enhance the reef-seeking behavior, the bait conversion capability and the predation capability of natural bait in the early development stage, improve the ecological suitability of the black porgy propagation releasing fry to natural water, and improve the survival rate of the releasing fry in the propagation water area.
The specific implementation scheme is as follows:
the invention provides an environment plumping device for cultivating high-ecological-fitness black porgy proliferation and releasing fries, which comprises a water surface shielding type component, a bait domestication component, a hole type component and a semi-suspension type component which are arranged in a fry culture pond. The water surface shielding type assembly comprises a dark-color semitransparent covering film and a plurality of rows of hooks arranged on the inner surface of the covering film, and the covering area of the covering film is 1/2 of the surface area of the water body; the bait domestication component comprises a plurality of thin lines hung on the hooks and is used for hanging fresh green algae static baits; two hole type subassemblies are connected through half suspension type subassembly, and hole type subassembly is cavity cube structure, and the surface punches, and half suspension type subassembly is cavity body structure, and the surface punches equally.
Preferably, the seawater is filtered by sand in the seedling pool, the water level in the seedling pool is kept at 1.2m, and the air is continuously inflated by air stones; the water is changed once a day by sucking the bottom, and the water change amount is 200 percent every day.
Preferably, in the water surface shielding type component, the dark semitransparent covering film is a PVC material film;
in the bait domestication component, the thin thread is a nylon rope thread with the length of 1 meter and is used for hanging fresh green algae static bait, and the hanging density is calculated by 1-2 roots of each water body.
Preferably, the number of combinations of the hole-type modules and the semi-suspended modules is measured in terms of one combination per 3 square of water. The hole type component is made of PP materials and has a hollow cube structure, the side length is 40cm, and the diameter of a hole punched on the surface is 4-5 cm; the semi-suspension type component is made of PP materials, the pipe diameter is 15cm, the pipe length is 0.7m, and the diameter of a surface punching hole is 4-5 cm.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for breeding high ecological fitness black porgy fry by using the above environment abundance device, comprising the steps of:
(1) pouring sand into the seedling pond to filter seawater, keeping the water level at 1.2m, continuously inflating by using air stone, sucking the bottom and changing water once a day, wherein the water change amount is 200 percent a day. The black porgy aquaculture environment needs the personnel interference of minimizing, when selecting the water position, cultivates the water and needs to set up indoor, keeps away from the window in order to avoid the highlight to shine and sound interference.
(2) Fixing four corners of the water surface shielding type assembly on the wall of the pool and enabling the assembly to be close to the water surface in parallel; suspending thin lines in the bait domestication assembly on hooks at the lower part of the water surface shielding type assembly according to the density of 1-2 pieces of each water body; assembling hole type components at two ends of the semi-suspension type components to form a combination body, placing the combination body in the aquaculture water body, wherein the number of the hole type components is counted according to the placement of one combination body in every 3 cubic meters of water body, the hole type components provide a lower layer shielding and avoiding space for the fry, and the semi-suspension type components provide a middle layer shielding and avoiding space for the fry;
(3) selecting black porgy fries more than 60 days old and 3-5cm in total length for environment enlargement and training, wherein the culture density is less than or equal to 1.5kg/m3；
(4) In the domestication process, the bait domestication is divided into static bait and dynamic bait; suspending fresh green algae static bait on the thin line every day, after normally feeding iced fresh fish bait, feeding living small shrimps as dynamic bait according to the proportion of 5-6 shrimps corresponding to black porgy per cubic meter of water, and feeding live shellfish as static bait according to the proportion of 2-3 bivalve shellfish larvae corresponding to black porgy per cubic meter of water; the acclimation time period is 40-50 days, and the components are cleaned 2 times per week.
Preferably, when the assembly is cleaned, the bottom suction and pollution discharge need to adopt a soft cloth mop, and the action needs to be gently kneaded, so that the fish body is prevented from being disturbed, collided and scratched; when water is changed, a vertical drainage pipe with holes is needed for the water outlet, so that fish bodies are prevented from being sucked and injured, and the water surface of the water tank cannot be lower than 0.5 m.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention designs an environment abundance device and method for cultivating high-ecological-suitability black porgy proliferation and releasing fry, which is convenient to operate and low in cost, according to the living environment and habits of wild black porgy groups.
In the aspect of structure, the invention can realize corresponding functions only by arranging the water surface shielding type component, the bait domestication component, the hole type component and the semi-suspension type component in the cultivation water body. Among the four assemblies, the water surface shielding assembly comprises a dark semitransparent covering film and a plurality of rows of hooks arranged on the inner surface of the covering film; the bait domestication component comprises a plurality of thin lines hung on the hooks and is used for hanging fresh green algae static baits; the hole type subassembly is assembled at half suspension type subassembly both ends, and the hole type subassembly is cavity cube structure, and the surface punches, and half suspension type subassembly is cavity body structure, and the surface punches equally. Simple structure, convenient manufacture and wide popularization and application.
In the aspect of effects, repeated tests prove that the culture method can effectively reduce the culture stress degree of 3-5cm black porgy juvenile fish and the adaptability and survival rate to the field environment, can be used for health culture of released black porgy fries and physiological research of fish behavior, environmental stress and the like, and has wide applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water surface shielding assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the bait acclimating assembly of the present invention mounted on a water surface sheltering assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hole-type component according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a semi-suspended assembly of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and give detailed implementation modes and specific operation procedures, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
EXAMPLE 1 Environment enriching device
According to fig. 1 to 4, the environment enriching device of the present embodiment is used for cultivating high ecological fitness black porgy proliferation and releasing fry, and includes a water surface shielding type component 1, a bait domestication component 2, a hole type component 3 and a semi-suspension type component 4 which are arranged in a fry pond.
The black porgy farming environment needs the personnel interference of minimizing, therefore educates the pond and should set up indoor, keeps away from the window in order to avoid the strong light to disturb with the sound. Filtering seawater in the culture water body in the seedling culture pond by using sand, keeping the water level at 1.2m, and continuously inflating by using air stones; the water is changed once a day by sucking the bottom, and the water change amount is 200 percent every day.
The water surface shielding type module 1 includes a dark translucent cover film 11 and a plurality of rows of hooks 12 provided on the inner surface of the cover film. The film 11 is preferably made of PVC film, the covering area is 1/2 of the surface area of the water body, and the hook faces the water surface.
The bait domestication component 2 comprises a plurality of nylon fine wires 21 hung on the hooks 12 and used for hanging fresh green algae static baits, and the hanging density is calculated by 1-2 roots of each water body.
The hole-type modules 3 are assembled at both ends of the semi-suspended modules 4 to form a combination, and the number of the hole-type modules is counted according to the number of the combination placed in each 3 square of water. The hole type component 3 is made of PP materials and has a hollow cube structure, the side length is 40cm, and the diameter of a hole punched on the surface is 4-5 cm; the semi-suspension type component 4 is made of PP material, the pipe diameter is 15cm, the pipe length is 0.7m, and the diameter of a surface punching hole is 4-5 cm.
Example 2 behavioural experiments:
(1) adding sand-filtered seawater into the aquaculture water body to keep the water level at 1.2m, continuously inflating by using air stone, wherein the daily water change amount is 200%;
(2) placing the environment volume enlarging device in a culture water body with the volume of 10 cubes according to requirements to train and enlarge the environment volume of the black porgy, wherein 6 bait domestication components 2 are placed, 3 hole type components 3 are placed, and 15 semi-suspension type components 4 are arranged; the hole-type component 3 provides a lower-layer shielding and avoiding space for the fry, and the semi-suspension component 4 provides a middle-layer shielding and avoiding space for the fry;
(3) selecting 1500 healthy fries of black porgy with average total length of 4.1cm at the juvenile fish stage, and placing the fries in a nursery pond containing an environment plumping device for culturing for 30 days; fresh ulva is wound and hung on the rope of the component 2 while feeding fresh ice bait; feeding 50 live Chinese tube whip shrimps and 20 live blood clam shells every day, sucking bottom and changing water 1 time every day, changing water amount every day to be 200%, avoiding disturbance, collision and fish body abrasion as much as possible when sucking bottom and discharging sewage, and the water surface of the water tank is not lower than 0.7m when changing water; the formulations were regularly cleaned 1 time each monday and thursday.
(4) After the cultivation is finished, putting shrimps and shellfish into the underage treatment group, wherein the juvenile black porgy groups are not dare to approach, and the black porgy can escape when the shrimps move and has no great reaction to the shellfish at the bottom; when the shrimps and the shellfish are thrown into the volume-enlarging treatment group, the black porgy colony can quickly wash towards the shrimps and quickly prey on the shrimps and can surround the shellfish at the bottom of the water, and the shellfish can be attacked and prey on the opportunity; the ethological observation shows that the predation behavior of the black porgy population treated by the enlargement is obviously enhanced.
Example 3 physiological experiments
(1) Adding sand-filtered seawater into the aquaculture water body to keep the water level at 1.2m, and continuously inflating by using air stones, wherein the daily water change amount is 200%;
(2) placing the environment volume enlarging device in a culture water body with the volume of 10 cubes according to requirements to train and perform environment volume enlarging treatment on the black porgy, wherein 6 components 2 are placed, 5 components 3 are placed, and 18 components 4 are arranged;
(3) selecting 2000 healthy fries of black porgy with average total length of 4.5cm in juvenile fish period, and placing in a nursery pond with an environment plumping device for culturing for 40 days; fresh ulva is wound and hung on the rope of the component 2 while feeding fresh ice bait; feeding 60 live shrimps and 30 razor clams into a water body every day, sucking bottom and changing water 1 time every day, wherein the water changing amount every day is 200%, the fish bodies are prevented from being disturbed, collided and scratched when sucking bottom and discharging sewage, and the water surface of a water tank is not lower than 0.7m when changing water; the formulations were regularly cleaned 1 time each monday and thursday.
(4) After the cultivation is finished, the content of glycogen and malonaldehyde in the liver of 20 fish fries of the general cultivation and the environment-friendly cultivation are measured, and the result shows that: generally, the glycogen content of the black porgy in the cultured group is 7.05 +/-0.14 mmol/L, the malondialdehyde content is 2.67 +/-0.01 mu mol/ml, the glycogen content of the black porgy in the environment-friendly group is 5.05 +/-0.12 mmol/L, and the malondialdehyde content is 1.54 +/-0.02 mu mol/ml. The results show that the environment enriching device and the domestication process can reduce the influence of the stress factors on the energy metabolism and the stress oxidative damage of the black porgy in the culture process.
(5) After the cultivation is finished, the feeding efficiency of 20 fish fries of the general cultivation and the environment-friendly cultivation is measured, and the result shows that: the content of ulva, shrimp and razor clam in the stomach content of the environment-friendly group accounts for 28.2-65.1% of the total food intake, and the stomach content of each group which is not subjected to the environment-friendly treatment mainly comprises frozen fish and copepods. The result shows that the domestication process can improve the predation capacity of the black porgy proliferation and releasing fry on living bait in the natural habitat.
(6) After the cultivation is finished, the common cultivated and environment-friendly cultivated fries are transported to a seawater net cage for temporary cultivation for 10 days by adopting running water for 2h, so as to carry out releasing operation, and the state and death condition of the fries are observed and recorded in the period. The results show that: the survival rate of the black porgy fry in the common cultivation environment is 71.7 percent, and the survival rate of the fry treated by the environment is 91.6 percent. The result shows that the survival rate of the black porgy releasing population after the environmental plump treatment is obviously higher than that of the common culture mode.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An environment plumping device for cultivating black porgy proliferation and releasing fry with high ecological fitness is characterized by comprising a water surface shielding type component, a bait domestication component, a hole type component and a semi-suspension type component which are arranged in a fry pond,
the water surface shielding type assembly comprises a dark-color semitransparent covering film and a plurality of rows of hooks arranged on the inner surface of the covering film, and the covering area of the covering film is 1/2 of the surface area of a water body;
the bait domestication component comprises a plurality of thin lines hung on the hooks and is used for hanging fresh green algae static baits;
two pass through between hole type subassembly half suspension type subassembly is connected, hole type subassembly is cavity cube structure, and the surface punches, half suspension type subassembly is cavity body structure, and the surface punches equally.
2. The environmental enrichment device for breeding the black porgy breeding and releasing fries with high ecological fitness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
wherein the seedling raising pond filters seawater by using sand, the water level in the seedling raising pond is kept at 1.2m, and air is continuously inflated by using air stones; the water is changed once a day by sucking the bottom, and the water change amount is 200 percent every day.
3. The environmental enrichment device for breeding the black porgy breeding and releasing fries with high ecological fitness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
wherein, in the water surface shielding type component, the dark semitransparent covering film is a PVC material film;
in the bait domestication component, the thin thread is a nylon rope thread with the length of 1 meter and is used for hanging fresh green algae static bait, and the hanging density is calculated by 1-2 roots of each water body.
4. The environmental enrichment device for breeding the black porgy breeding and releasing fries with high ecological fitness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the number of the assemblies of the hole-type assemblies and the semi-suspension assemblies is calculated according to the number of assemblies placed in each 3-square water body, and the semi-suspension assemblies are also placed independently;
the hole type assembly is made of PP materials and has a hollow cube structure, the side length is 40cm, and the diameter of the surface punching is 4-5 cm; the semi-suspension type component is made of PP materials, the pipe diameter is 15cm, the pipe length is 0.7m, and the diameter of a surface punching hole is 4-5 cm.
5. The method for breeding the high-ecological-fitness black porgy breeding released fry by adopting the environment abundance device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pouring sand into the seedling raising pond to filter seawater, keeping the water level at 1.2m, continuously inflating by using air stone, sucking the bottom and changing water once a day, wherein the water change amount is 200 percent a day;
(2) fixing four corners of the water surface shielding type assembly on the wall of the pool and enabling the assembly to be close to the water surface in parallel; suspending thin lines in the bait domestication assembly on hooks at the lower part of the water surface shielding assembly according to the density of 1-2 pieces of water in each direction; assembling hole type components at two ends of the semi-suspension type components to form a combination body, placing the combination body in the aquaculture water body, wherein the number of the hole type components is counted according to the placement of one combination body in every 3 cubic meters of water body, the hole type components provide a lower layer shielding and avoiding space for the fry, and the semi-suspension type components provide a middle layer shielding and avoiding space for the fry;
(3) selecting black porgy fries more than 60 days old and 3-5cm in total length for environment enlargement and training, wherein the culture density is less than or equal to 1.5kg/m3；
(4) In the domestication process, the bait domestication is divided into static bait and dynamic bait; suspending fresh green algae static bait on the thin line every day, after normally feeding iced fresh fish bait, feeding living small shrimps as dynamic bait according to the proportion of 5-6 shrimps corresponding to black porgy per cubic meter of water, and feeding live shellfish as static bait according to the proportion of 2-3 bivalve shellfish larvae corresponding to black porgy per cubic meter of water; the acclimation time period is 40-50 days, and the components are cleaned 2 times per week.
6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
wherein, cultivate the water and need set up indoor, keep away from the window in order to avoid the highlight to shine and sound interference.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
when the assembly is cleaned, the bottom suction and pollution discharge need to adopt a soft cloth mop, and the action needs to be gently kneaded, so that the fish body is prevented from being disturbed, collided and scratched;
when water is changed, a vertical drainage pipe with holes is needed for the water outlet, so that fish bodies are prevented from being sucked and injured, and the water surface of the water tank cannot be lower than 0.5 m.
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