CN114586662A - 一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法 - Google Patents
一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114586662A CN114586662A CN202210276801.5A CN202210276801A CN114586662A CN 114586662 A CN114586662 A CN 114586662A CN 202210276801 A CN202210276801 A CN 202210276801A CN 114586662 A CN114586662 A CN 114586662A
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- seeds
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- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001577 potassium mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000252132 Pleurotus eryngii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001681 Pleurotus eryngii Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 5
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000762 glandular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/13—Zeolites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明适用于农作物配方制备技术领域,提供了一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,包括以下步骤:步骤1,选种,用纱布包好后,放置在催芽箱中催芽;步骤2,制备育苗基质,所述育苗基质包括以下成分:沸石粉、蛭石、硼砂、珍珠岩、黑云母岩、草木灰、菜籽饼、钾矿粉、植物秸秆粉、花生壳、果皮渣、蘑菇渣和腐植酸;混合均匀后,在搅拌罐中搅拌均匀,并加入一定量的农用稀土,将混合后的育苗基质铺设在栽培床上;步骤3,当2/3的种子露白便播种到盛有育苗基质育苗盘中育苗,育苗盘中设置多个穴,每穴播种2‑4粒种子,保持基质湿润。借此,本发明通过对营养液配方的改进,提高育苗成活率,降低育苗时间及成本,提高产量的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农作物配方制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法。
背景技术
番茄是多年生草本植物,植株一般可达0.7~2m,全株被粘质腺毛;茎为半直立性或半蔓性,易倒伏,高0.7~1.0m或1.0~1.3m不等,茎的分枝能力强,茎节上易生不定根,茎易倒伏,触地则生根,所以扦插繁殖较易成活。而在温带有霜地区则作为1年生栽培,其生长发育过程有一定的阶段性和周期性,大致可分为发芽期、幼苗期、开花期和结果期4个不同的时期。育苗在番茄生育期起着非常重要的作用,“苗好三成收”,育苗好了不仅病虫害少,而且番茄产量高。因此,对于番茄种植而言,如何快速育苗,让番茄快速开花结果,缩短从种植到丰收的过程,能够有利于大棚种植农户的增产增收。传统番茄的育苗方法中,种子处理时间长,发芽和长势不齐,不利于统一管理,而且种植时病菌较多,一些菜农在育苗时不注重育苗消毒措施,试验发现,农用稀土在番茄种植中具有较为广泛的应用,利用中国科学院最新研制的稀土农用光作为补光光源,研究其不同波长和不同补光时间对番茄幼苗生长及开花的影响.结果表明:相比于对照组和普通LED补光处理,450nm,650nm和450nm+650nm组合3种稀土农用光源均提高了壮苗指数,补充450nm+650nm波长组合光6h更利于形成优质壮苗,3种光源的壮苗指数均随补光时间的延长而提高;补光在一定程度上使番茄的始花节位升高,同时番茄的始花期也相应延迟.湿度掌握不好,致使番茄苗病虫害多,还容易徒长,影响花芽分化,致使畸形花果多,产量质量下降。因此,在无土栽培技术中,需要一种新的番茄营养液的制备方法,能够提高育苗成活率,降低育苗时间及成本,提高产量。
稀土是一系列化学性质相似的典型金属元素。施用稀土是农作物一项前景广阔的增产措施。但是,含稀土的化合物是酸性的,是可溶性的,如果直接施入土壤,就会与土壤中的盐类合成不能溶解的物质,使农作物难以吸收。因此,农用稀土最好的施用方法是拌种、浸种、叶面喷施或喷施加拌种。一、拌种:用少量水与稀土化合物拌匀,喷在种子上,使种子沾上一层稀土液,这是一种既简便、又节省的方法。花生、小麦、大豆、玉米、甜菜等作物在播种前都可采用此法。一般每公斤种子用稀土化合物2-4克,边拌边喷,注意不要擦破种皮。二、浸种:把稀土化合物配成适宜浓度的溶液,将种子放进去浸泡8-12小时后,取出晾干后播种。
综上可知,现有技术在实际使用上显然存在不便与缺陷,所以有必要加以改进。
发明内容
针对上述的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,其通过对现有无土栽培中,番茄营养液配方的改进,提高育苗成活率,降低育苗时间及成本,提高产量。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,选种,将过筛后的番茄种子在30-40℃温水中浸泡20~25min,用纱布包好后,放置在催芽箱中催芽,催芽箱设置的温度为25~30℃,催芽时间为2-3d;
步骤2,制备育苗基质,所述育苗基质包括以下成分:沸石粉、蛭石、硼砂、珍珠岩、黑云母岩、草木灰、菜籽饼、钾矿粉、植物秸秆粉、花生壳、果皮渣、蘑菇渣和腐植酸;混合均匀后,在搅拌罐中搅拌均匀,并加入一定量的农用稀土,将混合后的育苗基质铺设在栽培床上;
步骤3,当2/3的种子露白便播种到盛有育苗基质育苗盘中育苗,育苗盘中设置多个穴坑,每穴坑中播种2-4粒种子,播种深度为0.2-0.6cm,出苗前不定时浇水,保持基质湿润;
步骤4,制备营养液,营养液中含水量≤45%,干基有机质≥40%,干基的总养分含量2.5-3%,pH5.5-7,EC≤2.5,粒度≤5mm,其中粒度2-4mm占55-60%;营养液配制成分包括:七水硫酸锌0%-12%、硫酸铵0%-12%、磷酸二氢钾0.07%-11%、钼酸钠0.5%-7.5%、氯化钴0.02%-14%、硫酸锰0.02%-11%、磷酸钙0.02%-9%、硫酸亚铁0.5%-8.5%;
步骤5,待番茄苗长出5~6片真叶时,将穴盘放入带有小孔的塑料板上,并将塑料板放入营养液中定植培养,白天温度控制22~28℃,夜间温度控制15~18℃,将番茄植株放置在阳光充足处,根据番茄种苗发育生长需要不定时补充水分。
根据本发明的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,搅拌罐内壁设有加热组件,加热温度为60-85°,将步骤一中制备的溶解液放入溶解槽中并高速旋转,在旋转的过程中加入农用稀土原料及各种微量元素,所述农用稀土与所述溶解液的混合比例为3%-5%。
根据本发明的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,所述微量元素包括:锌1%-5%,锰2%-3%,硼0.2%-0.5%,铜0.05%-0.1%,镁0.1%-0.3%;同时还包括氨基酸8%-10%;所述搅拌罐的旋转速度≥95r/min,旋转时间为4-8h。
根据本发明的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,所述微量元素来自于如下化学试剂:硫酸锌,硫酸锰,硼砂,硫酸铜,硫酸镁;所述氨基酸来源于核酸蛋白。
根据本发明的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,在步骤1中,番茄种子在放入催芽箱之前,需要用10%磷酸三钠消毒,再用流动的清水中反复清洗3~5min,将番茄种子均匀的以8cm×8cm的矩阵排列在育苗盘内的纱布上,最后在排列好的番茄种子上轻轻盖上一层湿润的纱布,同时将育苗盘放入恒温箱内,保持20℃~30℃,每天用清水喷洒种子和纱布1-2次,以保证催芽过程中纱布的湿润性及透气性,在对种子和纱布进行冲洗的时候观察番茄种子是否发芽,并做到随发芽随播种。
根据本发明的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,步骤3中,育苗基质,由按重量百分数计的以下原料制备而成:杏鲍菇渣88.35%~90.10%、尿素0.28%~0.36%、白磷肥1.87%~2.36%、硫酸钾0.79%~0.80%、珍珠岩6.40%~8.36%。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明,应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,为了减小种子自身对发芽率的影响,在育苗前,需要将番茄种子过筛选种,去掉明显畸形、干煸的种子。将过筛后的番茄种子在30-40℃温水中浸泡20~25min,用纱布包好后,放置在催芽箱中催芽,催芽箱设置的温度为25℃,催芽时间为2d;
步骤2,制备育苗基质,所述育苗基质包括以下成分:沸石粉、蛭石、硼砂、珍珠岩、黑云母岩、草木灰、菜籽饼、钾矿粉、植物秸秆粉、花生壳、果皮渣、蘑菇渣和腐植酸;将混合后的育苗基质铺设在栽培床上;
步骤3,当2/3的种子露白便播种到盛有育苗基质育苗盘中育苗,育苗盘中设置多个穴坑,每穴坑中播种3粒种子,播种深度为0.2-0.6cm,出苗前不定时浇水,保持基质湿润,育苗盘的下方和上方还会铺设塑料薄膜,减少水分的散失;
步骤4,制备营养液,营养液中含水量30-45%,干基有机质45%,干基的总养分含量为3.5%,pH为5.5,EC为2.5,粒度≤5mm,其中粒度2-4mm占55-60%;营养液配制成分包括:七水硫酸锌3%、硫酸铵0.9%、磷酸二氢钾0.8%、钼酸钠0.6%、氯化钴0.14%、硫酸锰0.2%、磷酸钙2%、硫酸亚铁0.6%;
将上述营养液中加入锌3%,锰2%,硼0.2%,铜0.06%,镁0.2%;同时还包括氨基酸8%-10%,加热温度为60°,搅拌罐的旋转速度为120r/min,旋转时间为6h。
步骤5,待番茄苗长出5~6片真叶时,将穴盘放入带有小孔的塑料板上,并将塑料板放入营养液中定植培养,白天温度控制22~28℃,夜间温度控制15~18℃,将番茄植株放置在阳光充足处,根据番茄种苗发育生长需要不定时补充水分。
实施例1的有益技术效果:相比于对照组,上述实施例中对搅拌速度和搅拌时间进行了改善,番茄种子的发芽率有所提升,倒苗率降低约5%,番茄幼苗的适应性较好。
实施例2
一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,为了减小种子自身对发芽率的影响,在育苗前,需要将番茄种子过筛选种,去掉明显畸形、干煸的种子。将过筛后的番茄种子在30-40℃温水中浸泡20~25min,用纱布包好后,放置在催芽箱中催芽,催芽箱设置的温度为25℃,催芽时间为2d;
步骤2,制备育苗基质,所述育苗基质包括以下成分:沸石粉、蛭石、硼砂、珍珠岩、黑云母岩、草木灰、菜籽饼、钾矿粉、植物秸秆粉、花生壳、果皮渣、蘑菇渣和腐植酸;将混合后的育苗基质铺设在栽培床上;
步骤3,当2/3的种子露白便播种到盛有育苗基质育苗盘中育苗,育苗盘中设置多个穴坑,每穴坑中播种3粒种子,播种深度为0.2-0.6cm,出苗前不定时浇水,保持基质湿润,育苗盘的下方和上方还会铺设塑料薄膜,减少水分的散失;
步骤4,制备营养液,营养液中含水量30-45%,干基有机质45%,干基的总养分含量为3.5%,pH为5.5,EC为2.5,粒度≤5mm,其中粒度2-4mm占55-60%;营养液配制成分包括:七水硫酸锌3%、硫酸铵0.9%、磷酸二氢钾0.8%、钼酸钠0.6%、氯化钴0.14%、硫酸锰0.2%、磷酸钙2%、硫酸亚铁0.6%;
将上述营养液中加入锌3%,锰2%,硼0.2%,铜0.06%,镁0.2%;同时还包括氨基酸8%-10%,加热温度为80°,搅拌罐的旋转速度为240r/min,旋转时间为6h。
步骤5,待番茄苗长出5~6片真叶时,将穴盘放入带有小孔的塑料板上,并将塑料板放入营养液中定植培养,白天温度控制22~28℃,夜间温度控制15~18℃,将番茄植株放置在阳光充足处,根据番茄种苗发育生长需要不定时补充水分。
实施例2相比于实施例1,变量为搅拌罐的加热温度和旋转速度,实践发现,温度越高,搅拌速度越快,农用稀土的溶解性会更好。实施例2有益技术效果:番茄的出芽率相比于实施例1提高8.5%,出芽时间更短,番茄幼苗的根部更为粗壮。
实施例3
一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,为了减小种子自身对发芽率的影响,在育苗前,需要将番茄种子过筛选种,去掉明显畸形、干煸的种子。将过筛后的番茄种子在30-40℃温水中浸泡20~25min,用纱布包好后,放置在催芽箱中催芽,催芽箱设置的温度为25℃,催芽时间为2d;
步骤2,制备育苗基质,所述育苗基质包括以下成分:沸石粉、蛭石、硼砂、珍珠岩、黑云母岩、草木灰、菜籽饼、钾矿粉、植物秸秆粉、花生壳、果皮渣、蘑菇渣和腐植酸;将混合后的育苗基质铺设在栽培床上;
步骤3,当2/3的种子露白便播种到盛有育苗基质育苗盘中育苗,育苗盘中设置多个穴坑,每穴坑中播种3粒种子,播种深度为0.2-0.6cm,出苗前不定时浇水,保持基质湿润,育苗盘的下方和上方还会铺设塑料薄膜,减少水分的散失;
步骤4,制备营养液,营养液中含水量30-45%,干基有机质45%,干基的总养分含量为3.5%,pH为5.5,EC为2.5,粒度≤5mm,其中粒度2-4mm占55-60%;营养液配制成分包括:七水硫酸锌3%、硫酸铵0.9%、磷酸二氢钾0.8%、钼酸钠0.6%、氯化钴0.14%、硫酸锰0.2%、磷酸钙2%、硫酸亚铁0.6%;
将上述营养液中加入锌3%,锰2%,硼0.2%,铜0.06%,镁0.2%;同时还包括氨基酸8%-10%,加热温度为60°,搅拌罐的旋转速度800r/min,旋转时间为6h。
步骤5,待番茄苗长出5~6片真叶时,将穴盘放入带有小孔的塑料板上,并将塑料板放入营养液中定植培养,白天温度控制22~28℃,夜间温度控制15~18℃,将番茄植株放置在阳光充足处,根据番茄种苗发育生长需要不定时补充水分。
有益技术效果:相比于实施例1,更改的变量为旋转速度和搅拌罐的加热温度,上述实施例中的稀土基本全部溶解,番茄幼苗颜色更鲜艳,长势较好,在后期无土栽培中,成活率极高。
实施例4
一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,为了减小种子自身对发芽率的影响,在育苗前,需要将番茄种子过筛选种,去掉明显畸形、干煸的种子。将过筛后的番茄种子在30-40℃温水中浸泡20~25min,用纱布包好后,放置在催芽箱中催芽,催芽箱设置的温度为25℃,催芽时间为2d;
步骤2,制备育苗基质,所述育苗基质包括以下成分:沸石粉、蛭石、硼砂、珍珠岩、黑云母岩、草木灰、菜籽饼、钾矿粉、植物秸秆粉、花生壳、果皮渣、蘑菇渣和腐植酸;将混合后的育苗基质铺设在栽培床上;
步骤3,当2/3的种子露白便播种到盛有育苗基质育苗盘中育苗,育苗盘中设置多个穴坑,每穴坑中播种3粒种子,播种深度为0.2-0.6cm,出苗前不定时浇水,保持基质湿润,育苗盘的下方和上方还会铺设塑料薄膜,减少水分的散失;
步骤4,制备营养液,营养液中含水量30-45%,干基有机质45%,干基的总养分含量为3.5%,pH为5.5,EC为2.5,粒度≤5mm,其中粒度2-4mm占55-60%;营养液配制成分包括:七水硫酸锌3%、硫酸铵0.9%、磷酸二氢钾0.8%、钼酸钠0.6%、氯化钴0.14%、硫酸锰0.2%、磷酸钙2%、硫酸亚铁4%;
将上述营养液中加入锌3%,锰2%,硼0.2%,铜0.06%,镁0.2%;同时还包括氨基酸8%,加热温度为60°,搅拌罐的旋转速度800r/min,旋转时间为6h。
步骤5,待番茄苗长出5~6片真叶时,将穴盘放入带有小孔的塑料板上,并将塑料板放入营养液中定植培养,白天温度控制22~28℃,夜间温度控制15~18℃,将番茄植株放置在阳光充足处,根据番茄种苗发育生长需要不定时补充水分。
有益技术效果:上述实施例相比于实施例4,改变的变量为硫酸亚铁的浓度,试验发现,番茄在生长过程中,对铁元素的需求量较高,实施例4中,番茄的座果率相比于实施例3提高6%。
实施例5
一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,为了减小种子自身对发芽率的影响,在育苗前,需要将番茄种子过筛选种,去掉明显畸形、干煸的种子。将过筛后的番茄种子在30-40℃温水中浸泡20~25min,用纱布包好后,放置在催芽箱中催芽,催芽箱设置的温度为25℃,催芽时间为2d;
步骤2,制备育苗基质,所述育苗基质包括以下成分:沸石粉3份、蛭石3份、硼砂4份、珍珠岩5份、黑云母岩6份、草木灰2份、菜籽饼4份、钾矿粉3份、植物秸秆粉6份、花生壳5份、果皮渣3份、蘑菇渣3份和腐植酸4份;将混合后的育苗基质铺设在栽培床上;
步骤3,当2/3的种子露白便播种到盛有育苗基质育苗盘中育苗,育苗盘中设置多个穴坑,每穴坑中播种3粒种子,播种深度为0.2-0.6cm,出苗前不定时浇水,保持基质湿润,育苗盘的下方和上方还会铺设塑料薄膜,减少水分的散失;
步骤4,制备营养液,营养液中含水量30-45%,干基有机质45%,干基的总养分含量为3.5%,pH为6.5,EC为2.5,粒度≤5mm,其中粒度2-4mm占55-60%;营养液配制成分包括:七水硫酸锌3%、硫酸铵0.9%、磷酸二氢钾0.8%、钼酸钠0.6%、氯化钴0.14%、硫酸锰0.2%、磷酸钙2%、硫酸亚铁4%;
将上述营养液中加入锌3%,锰2%,硼0.2%,铜0.06%,镁0.2%;同时还包括氨基酸8%,加热温度为60°,搅拌罐的旋转速度800r/min,旋转时间为6h。
步骤5,待番茄苗长出5~6片真叶时,将穴盘放入带有小孔的塑料板上,并将塑料板放入营养液中定植培养,白天温度控制22~28℃,夜间温度控制15~18℃,将番茄植株放置在阳光充足处,根据番茄种苗发育生长需要不定时补充水分。
有益技术效果:与实施例4相比,实施例5所栽培的大果番茄单果重、单株产量和果实品质都有显著提高。这说明本发明所提供的无土栽培基质槽,相对于传统的基质袋,其能够提高水肥利用率而促进增产,并且对果实品质很好的改善作用。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,选种,将过筛后的番茄种子在30-40℃温水中浸泡20~25min,用纱布包好后,放置在催芽箱中催芽,催芽箱设置的温度为25~30℃,催芽时间为2-3d;
步骤2,制备育苗基质,所述育苗基质包括以下成分:沸石粉1-5份、蛭石2-6份、硼砂3-5份、珍珠岩5-7份、黑云母岩4-6份、草木灰1-6份、菜籽饼4-8份、钾矿粉2-3份、植物秸秆粉6-10份、花生壳5-9份、果皮渣3-5份、蘑菇渣2-3份和腐植酸4-7份;
步骤3,当2/3的种子露白便播种到盛有育苗基质育苗盘中育苗,育苗盘中设置多个间距相同的穴坑,利用播种机在每穴坑中播种2-4粒种子,播种深度为0.2-0.6cm,出苗前用喷灌管不定时浇水,保持基质的湿润;
步骤4,制备营养液,营养液中含水量≤45%,干基有机质≥40%,干基的总养分含量2.5-3%,pH5.5-7,EC≤2.5,粒度≤5mm,其中粒度2-4mm占55-60%;营养液配制成分包括:七水硫酸锌0%-12%、硫酸铵0%-12%、磷酸二氢钾0.07%-11%、钼酸钠0.5%-7.5%、氯化钴0.02%-14%、硫酸锰0.02%-11%、磷酸钙0.02%-9%、硫酸亚铁0.5%-8.5%;
步骤5,将步骤4中的制备的营养液在搅拌罐中,加入农用稀土,将混合后的育苗基质铺设在栽培床上;
步骤6,待番茄苗长出5~6片真叶时,将穴盘放入带有小孔的塑料板上,并将塑料板放入营养液中定植培养,白天温度控制22~28℃,夜间温度控制15~18℃,将番茄植株放置在阳光充足处,根据番茄种苗发育生长需要不定时补充水分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,其特征在于,步骤5中,搅拌罐的内壁中还设有加热组件,加热组件的加热温度为60-85°,在旋转的过程中加入农用稀土原料及各种微量元素,农用稀土与营养液的混合比例为3%-5%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,其特征在于,所述微量元素包括:锌1%-5%,锰2%-3%,硼0.2%-0.5%,铜0.05%-0.1%,镁0.1%-0.3%;同时还包括氨基酸8%-10%;所述搅拌罐的旋转速度≥95r/min,旋转时间为4-8h。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,所述微量元素来自于如下化学试剂:硫酸锌,硫酸锰,硼砂,硫酸铜,硫酸镁;所述氨基酸来源于核酸蛋白。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1中,番茄种子在放入催芽箱之前,需要用10%磷酸三钠消毒,再用流动的清水中反复清洗3~5min,将番茄种子均匀的以8cm×8cm的矩阵排列在育苗盘内的纱布上,最后在排列好的番茄种子上轻轻盖上一层湿润的纱布,同时将育苗盘放入恒温箱内,保持20℃~30℃,每天用清水喷洒种子和纱布1-2次,以保证催芽过程中纱布的湿润性及透气性,在对种子和纱布进行冲洗的时候观察番茄种子是否发芽,并做到随发芽随播种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种番茄无土栽培营养液制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,育苗基质,由按重量百分数计的以下原料制备而成:杏鲍菇渣88.35%~90.10%、尿素0.28%~0.36%、白磷肥1.87%~2.36%、硫酸钾0.79%~0.80%、珍珠岩6.40%~8.36%。
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