CN114586584A - Green and simple sweet pepper pest control method based on full-period biological system - Google Patents

Green and simple sweet pepper pest control method based on full-period biological system Download PDF

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CN114586584A
CN114586584A CN202210224893.2A CN202210224893A CN114586584A CN 114586584 A CN114586584 A CN 114586584A CN 202210224893 A CN202210224893 A CN 202210224893A CN 114586584 A CN114586584 A CN 114586584A
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powder
insect
pest control
control method
full
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CN114586584B (en
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黄鹏
余德亿
姚锦爱
张�杰
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Institute of Plant Protection of FAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/38—Trichoderma
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

The invention discloses a green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on a full-period biological system, and particularly relates to a green simple pest control method of 'killing, preventing and controlling two, resisting three, controlling four and controlling five', aiming at diseases represented by black spot and powdery mildew and insect pests represented by thrips and whiteflies in the full period of sweet pepper planting.

Description

Green and simple sweet pepper pest control method based on full-period biological system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests, in particular to a green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on a full-period biological system.
Background
Sweet pepper is one of the large and fine varieties of vegetables widely cultivated all over the world and is also one of the important vegetables in annual supply in China. The sweet pepper has the highest vitamin content in fruits and vegetables, is also rich in carotene, capsorubin, catalpic acid, malic acid, various sugars, proteins, minerals and other nutrient substances, has the effects of improving appetite, promoting digestion, preventing and treating scurvy and the like, and is popular among people.
The sweet pepper planting in China is mainly distributed in coastal areas such as southeast, northeast and northeast, and particularly forms a large-scale production base in Shandong, Hainan and Fujian areas. Because the consumption of sweet peppers is continuously increased, the production scale is enlarged year by year, the planting area is more than 40 million hectares, the planting area accounts for about 1/4 of the total planting area of the peppers, the annual output value is more than 100 hundred million, the method not only becomes a driving industry for the high growth of vegetables, realizes agricultural efficiency improvement and farmer income increase, but also drives the development of second and third industries such as agricultural materials, processing and logistics in the peripheral area of a planting area.
However, with the development and growth of the sweet pepper industry, the growing and cultivating mode gradually changes to the facility and intensification. The change of the planting mode provides a favorable living environment for diseases represented by black spot and powdery mildew and insect pests represented by thrips and whiteflies, the spread and expansion situation is presented in the sweet pepper planting area, the yield and the quality of the sweet peppers are directly and indirectly influenced, and the solution is urgently needed.
At present, aiming at the problem that the diseases and insect pests of the sweet peppers still lack the effective integration of the systematic prevention and control thinking and the green and simple pest control technology throughout the whole sweet pepper planting process, the phenomena of treating headache and treating foot pain, and over-application of chemical pesticides generally exist, so that the ecological and food safety problems of rising of the drug resistance of the diseases and insects, reduction of beneficial organisms, pesticide residue and the like are increasingly prominent, and the ecological and food safety problems are in conflict with the green leading guidance of agriculture in China.
Therefore, how to provide a green, simple and convenient pest control method for ensuring high quality and yield of sweet peppers and significantly reducing the use of chemical pesticides at the same time is a technical problem which needs to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on a full-period biological system. The green light and simple pest control method of 'killing once, preventing twice, resisting three, controlling four and controlling five' is constructed aiming at the diseases represented by black spot and powdery mildew and the pests represented by thrips and whiteflies in the whole planting process of the sweet peppers, the operation is simple and convenient, the pest control is efficient, economic and environment-friendly, the use of chemical pesticides is remarkably reduced while the high quality and yield of the sweet peppers are ensured, and the method has important significance for the green production of the sweet peppers and the protection of the ecological environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on a full-period biological system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) one-time-extinguishing
Before sweet pepper is planted, 3-5kg of hook-shaped trichoderma TH-01 bacterial powder, 3-5kg of verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder, 10-15kg of diatomite and 20-30kg of quick lime are scattered and mixed to form bacterial soil for turning over, and a microbial inoculum prepared by mixing the hook-shaped trichoderma TH-01 bacterial powder and verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder is used for seed soaking or seedling soaking;
(2) two prevention
After the sweet peppers are planted, a silver gray strip film and an insect-proof net are additionally arranged at the air inlet and the door of the greenhouse, the greenhouse and the door of the greenhouse, and the greenhouse film, the door and the window and the insect-proof net are periodically maintained; covering a mulching film on the ridge surface;
(3) three antibodies
Adding acetylsalicylic acid powder and hooked trichoderma TH-01 powder into the fertilizer water in daily life;
(4) four-control
In rainy days, the wind is released before and after noon; hanging a yellow insect-attracting plate and a blue insect-attracting plate above the plants after seedling emergence, wherein each yellow insect-attracting plate and each blue insect-attracting plate are respectively provided with a thrips pheromone attracting core and a whitefly pheromone attracting core; intercropping companion plants around the inside of the facility greenhouse;
(5) five remedies
When the insect trapping amount is less than or equal to 3 heads/plate, releasing the tiny orius pollidipennis or the tiny orius insignis, and carrying the bacterium neoseiulus californicus or the bacterium-carrying physeiulus persimilis;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 3 and less than or equal to 5 heads/plate, before releasing natural enemies, plant and ground spraying is carried out by using verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder;
when the insect attracting amount is more than 5 heads per plate, alternately applying lightyellow sophora root-azadirachtin missible oil, diatomite wettable powder, spinetoram suspending agent and thiamethoxam suspending agent to carry out plant and ground spraying;
when the disease rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, spraying the plants and the ground by using the hooked trichoderma TH-01 powder;
when the disease rate is more than 3 percent, alternately applying polyoxin wettable powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder and benzyl prochloraz aqueous emulsion to carry out plant and ground spraying;
during intertillage, 2-3kg of trichoderma hamatum TH-01 powder, 2-3kg of verticillium lecanii LL-01 powder, 3-5kg of wheat bran and 3-5 bottles of medium which is formed by mixing and stirring the neoseiulus japonicum or the geographical severe mites with net content of more than or equal to 20000 mites are scattered in each mu of furrow.
Further, the Trichoderma hamatum TH-01 is classified and named as Trichoderma hamatum, and is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), wherein the preservation address is No. 3 of Xilu No.1 of Beijing Korean district, the preservation number is CGMCC No.40078, and the preservation date is 2022 years, 02 months and 15 days; the verticillium lecanii is classified and named as verticillium lecanii (Lecanicillium lecanii) and is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center, the preservation address is No. 3 Xilu No.1 of the sunward area of Beijing, the preservation number is CGMCC No.21940, and the preservation date is 3 months and 31 days in 2021; the spore content of the Trichoderma hamatum TH-01 powder is 3 hundred million/g, and the spore content of the Verticillium lecanii LL-01 powder is 5 hundred million/g.
Further, in the step (1), the microbial inoculum is diluted to 100 times and 200 times.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that pathogenic bacteria and pupa in soil and on the surfaces of seeds and seedlings can be killed through fungus soil turning and microbial inoculum seed soaking or seedling soaking, and the primary disease and insect base number is reduced. By additionally arranging the silver gray strip film and the insect-proof net, external diseases and insects can be prevented from entering the greenhouse; the plastic film is covered on the ridge surface, so that the plants can be prevented from entering the soil and the underground diseases and insects are prevented from coming out of the soil, the base numbers of the diseases and insects of the primary generation and the secondary generation are reduced, the light transmittance is reduced, the growth of weeds is inhibited, and the breeding of the diseases and insects is prevented.
Further, in the step (3), the mass concentration of the acetylsalicylic acid powder is 98%, and the dosage is 20-30 g/mu; the dosage of the trichoderma hamatum TH-01 powder is 40-60 g/mu.
The beneficial effects of the further technical scheme are that the acetylsalicylic acid powder and the hooked trichoderma TH-01 powder are applied in daily rich water, so that the photosynthesis and metabolism of plants can be promoted, the growth of nutrition and reproduction is accelerated, the defense reaction of the plants is induced and activated, the immunity of the plants is enhanced, and the stress resistance of the plants is improved. In addition, the hooked trichoderma TH-01 can also improve the microenvironment for plant growth, can form a competitive action with pathogenic bacteria, can rapidly grow at the root circumference and the leaf circumference, occupies the surface sites of the plant body, forms a protective cover similar to a boot function, prevents diseases and pests from directly contacting the surfaces of a root system and leaves, can carry out heavy parasitism on the diseases and pests, secretes extracellular enzymes to dissolve, penetrates the cell walls of hosts, absorbs the nutrients of the hosts, further kills the hosts, reduces the harmful degree of the diseases and pests, promotes the roots, the seedlings, the flowers and the fruits.
Further, in the step (4), the air release time is 2-3 h; the using amount of the yellow insect attracting plate and the blue insect attracting plate is 1:1, the yellow insect attracting plate and the blue insect attracting plate are respectively 20-40 pieces/mu, the hanging position is 10-15cm above the plant, and the replacement frequency is 20-40 days/time; the companion plants are celery and crowndaisy chrysanthemum, and the planting width is 20-30 cm.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the yellow insect attracting plate and the blue insect attracting plate are hung, so that pest populations can be attracted and monitored; companion plants are intercropped around the inside of the facility greenhouse, so that thrips and whitefly populations can be repelled and regulated.
Further, in the step (5), when the pest trapping amount is less than or equal to 3 heads per plate, the release amount of the tiny flower bugs or the tiny wing bug is 300-500 heads per mu, and the release frequency is 30-40 days per time; the bacterium carried by the carrier neoseiulus californicus or the carrier phytoseiulus persimilis is Verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder, the adult mite quantity is more than or equal to 200 per bag, the release amount is 70-100 bags per mu, and the release frequency is 30-40 days per time;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 3 and less than or equal to 5 heads per plate, the using amount of the Verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder is 60-100 g/mu; the spraying frequency is 1-2 times, and the frequency is 8-12 days/time;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 5 heads per plate, the mass concentration of the sophora flavescens-azadirachtin emulsifiable solution is 1 percent, and the dosage is 70-100 mL/mu; the mass concentration of the diatomite wettable powder is 88%, and the dosage is 1200-1400 g/mu; the ethyl spinosad suspending agent has the mass concentration of 6 percent and the dosage of 12-16 g/mu; the thiamethoxam suspending agent has the mass concentration of 21% and the dosage of 14-18 mL/mu; the spraying frequency is 1-2 times, and the frequency is 8-12 days/time;
when the disease rate is less than or equal to 3%, the dosage of the Trichoderma hamatum TH-01 powder is 70-120 g/mu; the spraying frequency is 1 to 3 times, and the frequency is 8 to 12 days per time;
when the disease rate is more than 3%, the mass concentration of the polyoxin wettable powder is 10%, and the using amount is 100-120 g/mu; the mass concentration of the zhongshengmycin wettable powder is 3%, and the dosage is 50-80 g/mu; the mass concentration of the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder is 50%, and the dosage is 40-50 g/mu; the benzyl prochloraz aqueous emulsion has the mass concentration of 35 percent and the dosage of 60 to 80 mL/mu; the spraying frequency is 1-3 times, and the frequency is 8-12 days per time.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the pests are treated by the bacteria, the mites carry bacteria to treat the pests, the medicines to treat the pests (as an emergency plan), and the bacteria and the mites cooperate to treat pathogenic bacteria and pupae in the soil, so that the subsequent occurrence of diseases and pests is reduced.
The sophora flavescens and azadirachtin emulsifiable solution is a botanical pesticide, is natural, is not easy to cause phytotoxicity to plants, has strong antifeedant, repellent and growth and development inhibiting effects on pests, has good internal introduction and conduction characteristics in plant bodies, is easy to degrade in the environment, is safe to people, livestock, birds and bees, and is not easy to generate drug resistance to target pests;
the diatomite wettable powder is a mineral source medicament, is formed by housing sediment embedded with diatoms, has a housing which is sharp like a needle, and each fine particle of the powder has a very sharp edge and a sharp prickle, so that when pests climb over the housing, the pests can stick to the body surface of the pests, and can pierce the housing or a soft wax shell structure by the movement of the pests, so that the pests can invade the epidermis of the insects and even enter the bodies of the pests, and not only can cause the systematic disorder of respiration, digestion, reproduction, movement and the like of the pests, but also can absorb water which is 3 to 4 times of the weight of the pests, so that the body fluid of the pests is sharply reduced, the body fluid of the insects which maintain the life leaks outside, and the insects die after losing more than 10 percent of the body fluid; the diatomite can absorb wax on the outer layer of the insect body, so that pests die after dehydration; the soil can be improved, and the effects of moisturizing, loosening soil, prolonging the pesticide effect and fertilizer efficiency time and promoting the growth of crops are achieved;
the ethyl spinosyn suspending agent is a microbial metabolite medicament, can act on a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) and a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, is different from nicotine insecticides such as imidacloprid and the like and known abamectin in action sites, and has quick contact poisoning and ingestion toxicity on pests due to a unique action mode; to date, no insecticide product of a certain type has been found to affect the nervous system of insects in the same way, and thus its use has little risk of cross-resistance to existing insecticides; meanwhile, the pesticide has low toxicity to birds, fishes, earthworms and aquatic plants; in practical application, the bee-killing agent is almost nontoxic to bees; the method is suitable for comprehensive treatment of pests;
the thiamethoxam suspending agent is a high-efficiency low-risk chemical agent, has stomach toxicity, contact killing and systemic activity on pests, is used for foliar spray and soil root irrigation treatment, is quickly absorbed after being applied, is conducted to each part of a plant, and has good control effect on piercing-sucking or filing-sucking pests such as thrips, whiteflies and the like;
the polyoxin wettable powder is a microbial metabolite medicament, belongs to a broad-spectrum antibiotic bactericide, has a good systemic conduction effect, and has an action mechanism of interfering biosynthesis of chitin on bacterial cell walls, so that bacterial cell walls cannot be biosynthesized to cause bacterial death; after the germ tubes and hyphae contact the medicament, the local part expands, breaks and overflows the cell contents, but the cell contents cannot normally develop, so that the cell dies; therefore, the composition also has the effects of inhibiting pathogenic spore production and disease spot enlargement;
the zhongshengmycin wettable powder is a microbial metabolite medicament, has a wide antibacterial spectrum and has contact killing and penetration effects; can ultimately lead to bacterial death by inhibiting peptide bond formation of pathogenic bacterial proteins; the fungi can inhibit the growth of hyphae and the germination of spores, and the fungal diseases can be prevented and treated; can stimulate the generation of plant protecting agent and lignin precursor in plant body, thereby improving the disease resistance of plant; meanwhile, the fertilizer has a certain yield increasing effect;
the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder is a high-efficiency low-risk chemical agent, has the action mechanism that Cl and Br can be slowly released when the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder is sprayed on the surface of crops to form hypochlorous acid (HCIO) and hypobromous acid (HBrO) molecules, has high efficiency, broad spectrum and systemic property, can kill various bacteria, algae, fungi and germs, and has safe, simple and convenient use, small dosage and good bactericidal effect; also has certain effect of promoting the vegetative growth of crops;
the benzyl prochloraz aqueous emulsion is a high-efficiency low-risk chemical agent, plays a role by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the sterol of pathogenic bacteria, has high efficiency, broad spectrum and low toxicity, has multiple functions of systemic absorption, conduction prevention, protection, treatment, eradication and the like, and has good prevention effect on various pathogenic bacteria;
according to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. high efficiency: the pest control effect on the pests of the sweet peppers reaches 82% -96%, and the pest control effect is improved by 11% -25%;
2. and (3) environmental protection: the usage amount of chemical pesticides is reduced by 25 to 33 percent;
3. economy: the harm control cost is reduced by 33 to 46 percent;
4. gain: the yield of the sweet peppers is improved by 11 to 13 percent and the commodity percent of pass is improved by 12 to 14 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a characteristic of the colony of strain TH-01;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic feature of strain TH-01;
FIG. 3 shows the alternaria pimento treated by the inoculated strain TH-01;
FIG. 4 is a blank control of C.pimentum;
FIG. 5 is an infection of thrips by strain LL-01;
FIG. 6 shows the lethality of strain LL-01 against thrips.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on a full-period biological system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) one-time-extinguishing
Before sweet pepper is planted, 3kg of hooked trichoderma TH-01 fungus powder of 3 hundred million spores/g, 3kg of verticillium lecanii LL-01 fungus powder of 5 hundred million spores/g, 10kg of diatomite and 20kg of quick lime are scattered and mixed to form fungus soil for turning over, and 200 times of liquid of a microbial inoculum prepared by mixing the hooked trichoderma TH-01 of 3 hundred million spores/g and the verticillium lecanii LL-01 fungus powder of 5 hundred million spores/g is used for seed soaking or seedling soaking;
(2) two prevention
After the sweet peppers are planted, a silver gray strip film and an insect-proof net are additionally arranged at the air inlet and the door of the greenhouse, the greenhouse and the door of the greenhouse, and the greenhouse film, the door and the window and the insect-proof net are periodically maintained; covering a mulching film on the ridge surface;
(3) three antibodies
Daily fertilizing water is increased by 25 g/mu of 98% acetylsalicylic acid powder and 50 g/mu of 3 hundred million spores of TH-01 fungus powder of trichoderma hamatum;
(4) four-control
In rainy days, the air is discharged for 3 hours before and after noon; post emergence 10cm above the plants at 1:1, hanging 30 pieces/mu of each yellow and blue insect attracting plates in a combined manner, respectively adding a thrips pheromone attracting core and a whitefly pheromone attracting core on each yellow and blue insect attracting plates, and replacing the insect attracting plates and the attracting cores 1 time every 30 days; intercropping 30cm wide accompanying plants of celery and crowndaisy chrysanthemum around the inside of the greenhouse;
(5) five remedies
When the insect trapping amount is less than or equal to 3 heads per plate, micro 400 heads of orius minutus or orius halliana are released per mu, and 80 bags of carrier neoseiulus californicus or carrier phytoseiulus persimilis carrying 5 hundred million spores/g verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder with the adult mite amount more than or equal to 200 per bag are released once every 35 days;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 3 and less than or equal to 5 heads/plate, 80 g/mu of verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder with 5 hundred million spores/g is utilized to carry out plant and ground spraying for 1 before releasing natural enemies, and the interval is 12 days each time;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 5 heads per plate, alternately applying 80 mL/mu of 1% lightyellow sophora root-azadirachtin emulsifiable solution of plant source medicament and 15 g/mu of 6% spinetoram suspending agent of microbial metabolite medicament to carry out plant and ground spraying for 2 times, and the interval is 12 days each time;
when the disease rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, 80 g/mu of hook-shaped trichoderma TH-01 powder of 3 hundred million spores/g is utilized to carry out plant and ground spraying for 2 times, and each time is 8 days apart;
when the disease rate is more than 3 percent, the microbial metabolite medicament 10 percent polyoxin wettable powder is alternately applied for 110 g/mu and the high-efficiency low-risk chemical medicament 35 percent benzyl prochloraz aqueous emulsion is applied for 2 times of plant and ground spraying, and the interval is 10 days each time;
during intertillage, 2kg of hooked trichoderma TH-01 fungal powder of 3 hundred million spores/g, 2kg of Verticillium lecanii LL-01 fungal powder of 5 hundred million spores/g, 4kg of wheat bran and 4 bottles of medium prepared by mixing the Amblyseius japonicum or the george mites with the net content of more than or equal to 20000 mites are scattered in each mu of furrow.
Example 2
A green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on a full-period biological system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) one-time-extinguishing
Before sweet pepper is planted, 4kg of hooked trichoderma TH-01 fungus powder of 3 hundred million spores/g, 4kg of lecanicillium lecanii LL-01 fungus powder of 5 hundred million spores/g, 12kg of diatomite and 25kg of quick lime are scattered and mixed to form fungus soil for turning over, and 100 times of solution of a microbial inoculum prepared by mixing the hooked trichoderma TH-01 of 3 hundred million spores/g and the lecanicillium lecanii LL-01 fungus powder of 5 hundred million spores/g is used for seed soaking or seedling soaking;
(2) two prevention
After the sweet peppers are planted, a silver gray strip film and an insect net are additionally arranged at the air openings and the doorways of the greenhouses and the greenhouses, and the greenhouse film, the doors and the windows and the insect net are periodically maintained; mulching films are covered on the ridge surfaces;
(3) three antibodies
Daily fertilizing water is increased by 20 g/mu of 98% acetylsalicylic acid powder and 40 g/mu of 3 hundred million spores/g of hooked trichoderma TH-01 powder;
(4) four-control
In rainy days, the air is discharged for 2 hours before and after noon; post emergence 12cm above the plants at 1:1, hanging 20 pieces of yellow and blue insect-attracting plates respectively per mu in a combined manner, and additionally arranging a thrips pheromone attractant core and a whitefly pheromone attractant core on each piece of yellow and blue insect-attracting plates respectively, and replacing the insect-attracting plates and the insect-attracting cores 1 time every 20 days; intercropping accompanying plants of celery and crowndaisy chrysanthemum with the width of 25cm at the periphery inside a facility greenhouse;
(5) five remedies
When the insect trapping amount is less than or equal to 3 heads per plate, releasing micro 300 heads of orius similis or orius insignis per mu, and 70 bags of carrier neoseiulus californicus or carrier phytoseiulus persimilis carrying 5 hundred million spores/g verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder with the adult mite amount more than or equal to 200 per bag, and releasing once every 30 days;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 3 and less than or equal to 5 heads/plate, before releasing natural enemies, 60 g/mu of verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder with 5 hundred million spores/g is utilized to carry out plant and ground spraying for 1 time, and each time is 8 days apart;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 5 heads per plate, alternately applying 100 mL/mu of 1% lightyellow sophora root-azadirachtin emulsifiable solution of plant source medicament and 16 g/mu of 6% spinetoram suspending agent of microbial metabolite medicament to carry out plant and ground spraying for 1 time, and each time is 8 days;
when the disease rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, 70 g/mu of hook trichoderma TH-01 powder of 3 hundred million spores/g is utilized to spray plants and the ground for 1 time, and the interval is 10 days each time;
when the disease rate is more than 3 percent, 120 g/mu of 10 percent polyoxin wettable powder of microbial metabolite medicament and 80 mL/mu of high-efficiency low-risk chemical medicament, 35 percent benzyl prochloraz aqueous emulsion are alternately applied to carry out plant and ground spraying for 1 time, and each time is 8 days apart;
during intertillage, 2kg of hooked trichoderma TH-01 fungal powder of 3 hundred million spores/g, 2kg of Verticillium lecanii LL-01 fungal powder of 5 hundred million spores/g, 3kg of wheat bran and 3 bottles of medium prepared by mixing the Amblyseius japonicum or the george mites with the net content of more than or equal to 20000 per bottle are scattered in each mu of furrow.
Example 3
A green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on a full-period biological system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) one-time-extinguishing
Before sweet pepper is planted, 5kg of hooked trichoderma TH-01 fungus powder of 3 hundred million spores/g, 5kg of verticillium lecanii LL-01 fungus powder of 5 hundred million spores/g, 15kg of diatomite and 30kg of quick lime are scattered and mixed to form fungus soil for turning over, and 200 times of liquid of a microbial inoculum prepared by mixing the hooked trichoderma TH-01 of 3 hundred million spores/g and the verticillium lecanii LL-01 fungus powder of 5 hundred million spores/g is used for seed soaking or seedling soaking;
(2) two prevention
After the sweet peppers are planted, a silver gray strip film and an insect-proof net are additionally arranged at the air inlet and the door of the greenhouse, the greenhouse and the door of the greenhouse, and the greenhouse film, the door and the window and the insect-proof net are periodically maintained; mulching films are covered on the ridge surfaces;
(3) three antibodies
Daily fertilizing water is increased by 30 g/mu of 98% acetylsalicylic acid powder and 60 g/mu of 3 hundred million spores/g of hooked trichoderma TH-01 powder;
(4) four-control
In rainy days, the air is discharged for 3 hours before and after noon; post emergence 15cm above the plants at 1:1, hanging 40 pieces of yellow and blue insect-attracting plates respectively per mu in a combined manner, and additionally arranging a thrips pheromone attracting core and a whitefly pheromone attracting core on each of the yellow and blue insect-attracting plates respectively, and replacing the insect-attracting plates and the attracting cores 1 time every 40 days; intercropping 30cm wide accompanying plants of celery and crowndaisy chrysanthemum around the inside of the greenhouse;
(5) five remedies
When the insect trapping amount is less than or equal to 3 heads per plate, releasing micro 500 heads of orius minutus or orius halliana per mu, and releasing the bacteria-carrying neoseiulus californicus or bacteria-carrying phytoseiulus persimilis carrying 5 hundred million spores/g verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacteria powder once every 40 days, wherein 100 bags of the bacteria-forming acarid amount is more than or equal to 200 bags;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 3 and less than or equal to 5 heads/plate, before releasing natural enemies, 100 g/mu of verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder with 5 hundred million spores/g is utilized to carry out plant and ground spraying for 2 times, and the interval is 12 days each time;
when the insect luring amount is more than 5 heads per plate, 1400 g/mu of mineral source medicament 88% diatomite wettable powder and 18 mL/mu of high-efficiency low-risk chemical medicament 21% thiamethoxam suspending agent are alternately applied to carry out plant and ground spraying for 2 times, and the interval is 12 days each time;
when the disease rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, spraying 3 times on plants and the ground by using 120 g/mu of TH-01 powder of 3 hundred million spores/g of trichoderma hamatum, and each time at intervals of 12 days;
when the disease rate is more than 3 percent, the microbial metabolite medicament 3 percent zhongshengmycin wettable powder 80 g/mu and the high-efficiency low-risk chemical medicament 50 percent chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder 50 g/mu are alternately applied for plant and ground spraying for 3 times, and the interval is 12 days each time;
during intertillage, 3kg of hooked trichoderma TH-01 fungal powder of 3 hundred million spores/g, 3kg of Verticillium lecanii LL-01 fungal powder of 5 hundred million spores/g, 5kg of wheat bran and 5 bottles of medium prepared by mixing the Amblyseius japonicum or the george mites with the net content of more than or equal to 20000 mites are scattered in each mu of furrow.
Comparative example
The conventional chemical measures specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) after planting for 30 days, 60 days and 75 days respectively, carrying out plant and ground spraying for 1 time by using 6-8 g/mu of 25% imidacloprid wettable powder and 40-50 mL/mu of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate;
(2) after planting for 90 days, spraying plants and the ground for 3 times by using 20 percent acetamiprid soluble solution agent 5-7 g/mu and 10 percent difenoconazole water dispersible granules 30-50g/100 mu, and keeping 15 days at intervals;
(3) after 135d of planting, spraying plants and the ground for 3 times by using 15-20 mL/mu of 21% thiamethoxam suspending agent and 10-15 g/mu of 40% myclobutanil wettable powder, wherein the interval is 15 days each time;
(4) after planting for 180 days, plants and the ground are sprayed 3 times with 22.4 percent of spirotetramat suspending agent 20-30 mL/mu and 20 percent of triazolone missible oil 40-45 mL/mu, and the interval is 15 days.
Performance testing
Identification of trichoderma hamatum strain TH-01 and bacteriostatic activity of trichoderma pimientosum on bacterial blight of sweet pepper
1. Materials and methods
(1) Test materials: the litters to be tested at the base of the sweet pepper plants in the planting bases of the sweet pepper in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province are numbered TH-01; the Cladosporium cladosporioides for testing is also collected from the diseased leaves of the sweet pepper plant in the base, and is separated, purified and stored by adopting a PDA culture medium.
(2) And (3) strain identification: and (3) picking single spores of the strain TH-01, inoculating the single spores to a Czochralski culture medium plate, culturing in a light culture box with the temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃, the relative temperature of 90 +/-5% and the light cycle of 12L: 12D for 4D, shooting morphological characteristics of bacterial colonies by using a single-lens reflex camera, shooting morphological characteristics of hyphae, conidiophores and conidia by using a biological microscope, and primarily identifying the classification status of the strain TH-01. Scraping about 0.2g of hypha and spore on a culture medium by using a sterile scalpel, extracting the total DNA of the separated strain by using a fungus genome DNA extraction kit, performing PCR amplification by using rDNA-ITS gene universal primers (ITS 1: 5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3' and ITS 4: 5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'), and determining the sequence; BLAST alignment is carried out on the obtained gene sequences, related species sequences are introduced into MEGA7 software, a phylogenetic tree of the sequences is constructed by a Neighbor join method, and the types of the separated strains are finally judged according to the homology among the sequences.
(3) And (3) bacteriostatic determination: and (3) measuring the bacteriostatic activity of the strain TH-01 on the alternaria pimento by adopting a plate confronting method. Punching holes on the edges of purified pimento scab bacteria by using a 5mm puncher, inoculating a bacterial cake into the center of a PDA (personal digital Assistant) plate culture medium with the diameter of 9mm, respectively inoculating bacterial strain TH-01 monospores into a sterile inoculating ring in four directions with the distance of 25mm from the bacterial cake, taking the treatment of missed bacterial strains TH-01 at the periphery as a blank control, placing the blank control into an illumination incubator for culture for 4d, measuring the colony diameter of the pathogenic bacteria, and calculating the bacteriostasis rate of the bacterial strain TH-01 according to a formula (the diameter of a control group pathogenic colony-the diameter of a treatment group pathogenic colony)/(the diameter of the control group pathogenic colony-the diameter of the bacterial cake) multiplied by 100%.
2. Results and analysis
(1) And (3) strain identification: the strain TH-01 grows well on a PDA culture medium plate; the colony is initially white and nearly circular, gradually expands to the periphery, and generates green spores from the center; a growing zone of white hyphae is arranged around the colony, and the spore layer in the central area gradually changes into green or yellow-green; the hyphae have separate and multiple branches with the width of 2.9-3.7 μm; conidiophores are in opposite growth or intergrowth and in a bottle shape, conidiophores which are nearly circular or elliptical and have the size of (2.8-3.6) Mumex (3.2-3.9) mum are grown at the top, and accordingly, the strain TH-01 Trichoderma is preliminarily identified.
ITS amplification is carried out on the total DNA of the strain TH-01 to obtain a sequence fragment with the length of 582bp, homology comparison is carried out on the sequence fragment and related species in NCBI/BLAST, and the similarity of the gene sequence and Trichoderma hamatum sequences with accession numbers of KC403936, KC403948 and MG827166 is respectively up to 99.83%, 98.80% and 98.80%; the strain was finally determined to be Trichoderma hamatum (the colony characteristics are shown in FIG. 1, and the microscopic characteristics are shown in FIG. 2) by combining morphological characteristics.
The Trichoderma hamatum TH-01 is classified and named as Trichoderma hamatum (Trichoderma hamatum) and is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center, the preservation address is No. 3 of West Luo No.1 of Beijing Korean Chen, the preservation number is CGMCC No.40078, and the preservation date is 2022 years, 02 months and 15 days.
The ITS sequence of the trichoderma hamatum TH-01 is as follows:
AGGGATCATTACGGAGCTTCACTCCCAACCCAATGTGAACGTTACCAAACTGTTGCCTCGGCGGGGTCACGCCCCGGGTGCGTCGCAGCCCCGGAACCAGGCGCCCGCCGGAGGAACCAACCAAACTCTTTCTGTAGTCCCCTCGCGGACGTATTTCTTACAGCTCTGAGCAAAAATTCAAAATGAATCAAAACTTTCAACAACGGATCTCTTGGTTCTGGCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAATGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAATCATCGAATCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCGCCAGTATTCTGGCGGGCATGCCTGTCCGAGCGTCATTTCAACCCTCGAACCCCTCCGGGGGATCGGCGTTGGGGATCGGGACCCCTCACACGGGTGCCGGCCCCGAAATACAGTGGCGGTCTCGCCGCAGCCTCTCCTGCGCAGTAGTTTGCACAACTCGCACCGGGAGCGCGGCGCGTCCACGTCCGTAAAACACCCAACTTTCTGAAATGTTGACCTCGGATCAGGTAGGAATACCCGCTGAACTTAAGCATATCAAAAACCGGGAGGAA, as shown in SEQ ID NO. 1.
(2) Antibacterial activity: the strain TH-01 can effectively inhibit the growth of the alternaria pimento, in a plate confrontation test, the strain TH-01 of a bacterium inoculation 4d treatment group can completely cover the alternaria pimento only when growing, the diameter of a colony of the alternaria schoberia schoberi is only 13.77 +/-1.22 mm (as shown in figure 3), the diameter of the colony of the alternaria schoberi of a control treatment group reaches 38.00 +/-2.43 mm (as shown in figure 4), and the bacteriostasis rate is up to 73.42% on average.
Therefore, the strain TH-01 has good bacteriostatic activity and heavy parasitic action on the alternaria solani, and has good biocontrol potential.
Second, the pathogenicity of Verticillium lecanii LL-01 to sweet pepper thrips
1. Materials and methods
For testing thrips of sweet pepper is Frankliniella intonsa which is the dominant species, and is collected from the planting base of sweet pepper in Zhangzhou city, Zhao, Fu Jiang province, and Zhao county, and adult insects which are feathered for 3d are replaced for standby.
The test Verticillium lecanicum LL-01 is stored in the plant protection research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province, and also in the general microbiological culture Collection center of China Committee of culture Collection of microorganisms, with the storage address of No. 3 Hospital No.1, North Cheng West Lu, No.1, of the sunward area in Beijing, the storage number of CGMCC No.21940, the storage date of 2021 year, 3 months, 31 days, and recorded in the patent application file with the application date of 2021 year, 05 months, 17 days, the application number of 202110534601.0, and the name of "Verticillium lecanii LL-01 and its biocontrol application", and can be purchased through normal channels.
Activating with Czochralski plate medium, collecting strain LL-01 cultured for 7d, adding 10mL sterile water containing 0.05% Tween-80 into culture dish, filtering to obtain crude spore solution, and diluting with sterile water to 10%4、105、106、107And 108spore/mL treatment concentration, with 0.05% tween-80 sterile water as control, was repeated 3 times. Respectively picking 30 adult insects of the sweet pepper thrips from each treated bacterial liquid, soaking for 10s, airing on filter paper for 2min, then picking into a culture dish which is sequentially paved with flower mud, the filter paper and the sweet pepper flowers, wrapping flower stalks with wet cotton and clinging to the filter paper, sealing the culture dish with a preservative film, and tightly pricking pores on the film with 0.27mm insect needles for ventilation; placing the culture dish in an artificial climate box with the temperature of 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity of 90 +/-5% and the photoperiod of 12L: 12D, regularly observing every day until the death number of the test insects in all treatments stops changing, and counting the fatality rate of the strain LL-01 to the pimento thrips.
2. Results and analysis
After 7d of infection with strain LL-01, the number of frankliniella deaths ceased to change (as shown in FIG. 5); 104And 105The lethality of spore/mL treatment was relatively low, still only 44.25% at the highest; 106The lethality of the spore/mL treatment reaches 57.47 percent but is 10 percent5spore/mL treatment differed insignificantly; 107And 108The mortality rate for spore/mL treatments was relatively high, reaching 78.16% and 87.36%, respectively, both significantly higher than the other 3 treatments (as shown in figure 6).
Therefore, the strain LL-01 can effectively infect the frankliniella occidentalis and has good biocontrol potential.
Third, effect verification
In a sweet pepper planting base of Zhaan county, Zhangzhou, Fujian province, 4 greenhouse (length is multiplied by 8m) are selected before planting. Wherein the three greenhouses are respectively subjected to green light simple pest control treatment based on a full-period biological system according to the embodiments 1-3 to be used as treatment groups; and controlling the damage of the other greenhouse as a control group according to the conventional chemical measures of the comparative example base. The agricultural measures such as other fertilizer and water management of the treatment group and the control group are consistent. And after the sweet pepper is harvested, the pest control effect, the chemical pesticide use amount, the pest control cost, the sweet pepper yield and the commodity qualification rate of the comparative examples 1-3 and the control group are improved.
The comparative results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 examples 1-3 and control comparing results
Figure BDA0003538791620000161
As can be seen from Table 1, the sweet pepper is subjected to green light and simple pest control based on a full-period biological system according to the examples 1-3, and the pest control effect on the sweet pepper is 82% -96%. Compared with the conventional chemical measures, the method has the advantages of improving the pest control effect by 11-25%, reducing the using amount of chemical pesticides by 25-33%, reducing the pest control cost by 33-46%, improving the yield of the sweet peppers by 11-13% and the commodity qualification rate by 12-14%, along with remarkable economic benefit.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Sequence listing
<110> institute of plant protection of academy of agricultural sciences of Fujian province
<120> green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on full-period biological system
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 582
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
agggatcatt acggagcttc actcccaacc caatgtgaac gttaccaaac tgttgcctcg 60
gcggggtcac gccccgggtg cgtcgcagcc ccggaaccag gcgcccgccg gaggaaccaa 120
ccaaactctt tctgtagtcc cctcgcggac gtatttctta cagctctgag caaaaattca 180
aaatgaatca aaactttcaa caacggatct cttggttctg gcatcgatga agaacgcagc 240
gaaatgcgat aagtaatgtg aattgcagaa ttcagtgaat catcgaatct ttgaacgcac 300
attgcgcccg ccagtattct ggcgggcatg cctgtccgag cgtcatttca accctcgaac 360
ccctccgggg gatcggcgtt ggggatcggg acccctcaca cgggtgccgg ccccgaaata 420
cagtggcggt ctcgccgcag cctctcctgc gcagtagttt gcacaactcg caccgggagc 480
gcggcgcgtc cacgtccgta aaacacccaa ctttctgaaa tgttgacctc ggatcaggta 540
ggaatacccg ctgaacttaa gcatatcaaa aaccgggagg aa 582

Claims (10)

1. A green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on a full-period biological system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) one-time-extinguishing
Before sweet pepper is planted, spreading and plowing bacterial soil which is formed by mixing and stirring 3-5kg of hook-shaped trichoderma TH-01 bacterial powder, 3-5kg of verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder, 10-15kg of diatomite and 20-30kg of quick lime in each mu, and soaking seeds or soaking seedlings by using a microbial inoculum which is prepared by mixing the hook-shaped trichoderma TH-01 bacterial powder and the verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder;
(2) two prevention
After the sweet peppers are planted, a silver gray strip film and an insect-proof net are additionally arranged at the air inlet and the door of the greenhouse, the greenhouse and the door of the greenhouse, and the greenhouse film, the door and the window and the insect-proof net are periodically maintained; covering a mulching film on the ridge surface;
(3) three antibodies
Adding acetylsalicylic acid powder and hooked trichoderma TH-01 powder into the fertilizer water in daily life;
(4) four-control
In rainy days, the air is discharged before and after noon; hanging a yellow insect-attracting plate and a blue insect-attracting plate above the plants after seedling emergence, wherein each yellow insect-attracting plate and each blue insect-attracting plate are respectively provided with a thrips pheromone attracting core and a whitefly pheromone attracting core; intercropping companion plants around the inside of the facility greenhouse;
(5) five remedies
When the insect trapping amount is less than or equal to 3 heads/plate, releasing the tiny orius pollidipennis or the tiny orius insignis, and carrying the bacterium neoseiulus californicus or the bacterium-carrying physeiulus persimilis;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 3 and less than or equal to 5 heads/plate, before releasing natural enemies, plant and ground spraying is carried out by using verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder;
when the insect attracting amount is more than 5 heads per plate, alternately applying lightyellow sophora root-azadirachtin missible oil, diatomite wettable powder, spinetoram suspending agent and thiamethoxam suspending agent to carry out plant and ground spraying;
when the disease rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, spraying the plants and the ground by using the hooked trichoderma TH-01 powder;
when the disease rate is more than 3 percent, alternately applying polyoxin wettable powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder and benzyl prochloraz aqueous emulsion to carry out plant and ground spraying;
during intertillage, 2-3kg of trichoderma hamatum TH-01 powder, 2-3kg of verticillium lecanii LL-01 powder, 3-5kg of wheat bran and 3-5 bottles of medium which is formed by mixing and stirring the neoseiulus japonicum or the geographical severe mites with net content of more than or equal to 20000 mites are scattered in each mu of furrow.
2. The green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on the full-period biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Trichoderma hamatum TH-01 is classified and named as Trichoderma hamatum (Trichoderma hamatum) and is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation address of No. 3 Xilu 1 Beichen of the sunward area in Beijing, the preservation number is CGMCC No.40078, and the preservation date is 2022, 02 and 15 days;
the Verticillium lecanii is classified and named as Verticillium lecanii (Lecanicillium lecanii) and is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center, the preservation address is No. 3 Siro No.1 Hospital of the sunward area of Beijing, the preservation number is CGMCC No.21940, and the preservation date is 3 months and 31 days in 2021;
the spore content of the Trichoderma hamatum TH-01 powder is 3 hundred million/g, and the spore content of the Verticillium lecanii LL-01 powder is 5 hundred million/g.
3. The green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on the full-period biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the microbial inoculum is diluted to 100-200 times of liquid.
4. The green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on the full-cycle biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mass concentration of the acetylsalicylic acid powder is 98%, and the dosage is 20-30 g/mu; the dosage of the trichoderma hamatum TH-01 powder is 40-60 g/mu.
5. The green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on the full-cycle biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the time for releasing wind is 2-3 h; the using amount of the yellow insect attracting plate and the blue insect attracting plate is 1:1, the yellow insect attracting plate and the blue insect attracting plate are respectively 20-40 pieces/mu, the hanging position is 10-15cm above the plant, and the replacement frequency is 20-40 days/time.
6. The green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on the full-period biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the companion plants are celery and crowndaisy chrysanthemum, and the planting width is 20-30 cm.
7. The green sweet pepper simple pest control method based on the full-period biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the pest trapping amount is less than or equal to 3 heads/plate, the release amount of the tiny lygus bugs or the tiny winged little bugs is 300-500 heads/mu, and the release frequency is 30-40 days/time; the bacterium carried by the carrier neoseiulus californicus or the carrier phytoseiulus persimilis is Verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder, the adult mite quantity is more than or equal to 200 per bag, the release amount is 70-100 bags per mu, and the release frequency is 30-40 days per time;
when the insect trapping amount is more than 3 and less than or equal to 5 heads per plate, the using amount of the verticillium lecanii LL-01 bacterial powder is 60-100g per mu; the spraying frequency is 1-2 times, and the frequency is 8-12 days per time.
8. The green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on the full-cycle biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), when the pest trapping amount is more than 5 heads/plate, the mass concentration of the sophora flavescens-azadirachtin emulsifiable solution is 1%, and the dosage is 70-100 mL/mu; the mass concentration of the diatomite wettable powder is 88%, and the dosage is 1200-1400 g/mu; the ethyl spinosad suspending agent has the mass concentration of 6 percent and the using amount of 12-16 g/mu; the thiamethoxam suspending agent has the mass concentration of 21% and the dosage of 14-18 mL/mu; the spraying frequency is 1-2 times, and the frequency is 8-12 days per time.
9. The green simple pest control method for sweet peppers based on the full-period biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the disease rate is less than or equal to 3%, the dosage of the TH-01 fungus powder of trichoderma hamatum is 70-120 g/mu; the spraying frequency is 1-3 times, and the frequency is 8-12 days per time.
10. The green simple pest control method for sweet pepper based on the full-cycle biosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the plant disease rate is greater than 3%, the mass concentration of the polyoxin wettable powder is 10%, and the dosage is 100-120 g/mu; the mass concentration of the zhongshengmycin wettable powder is 3%, and the dosage is 50-80 g/mu; the mass concentration of the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder is 50 percent, and the dosage is 40-50 g/mu; the benzyl prochloraz aqueous emulsion has the mass concentration of 35 percent and the dosage of 60 to 80 mL/mu; the spraying frequency is 1-3 times, and the frequency is 8-12 days per time.
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