CN1145864A - Wheel reversing brake - Google Patents

Abstract

The said brake is a planetary gear mounted between a clutch and a gearbox. In the planetary gear, the annulus is coupled to gearbox, the central gear is coupled to main shaft of the clutch, and each planetary gear has central pivot and is fixed on the casing of the clutch. The casing of the clutch is controlled by a braking mechanism and its rotation is stopped in imergency. By means of the cooperation of the clutch and planetary gear, running vehicle in high speed can be braked fast with the wheel rotating reversely. The brake can result in short sliding distance and high brake effect without deflection of vehicle.

Description

Wheel reversing brake

The present invention relates to a kind of wheel reversing brake, particularly relate to and a kind ofly reduce braking distance effectively and avoid vehicle sliding partially, improve the wheel reversing brake of braking effect and safety.

General automobile is requiring relative high pass filter, under the high-speed situation, also must have high efficiency and easy to operate brake system, whereabouts with certain control vehicle, and the generation of deduction and exemption traffic accident, the present the most frequently used brake system of vehicle, be commonplace with the drum type braking device of oil pressure action, roughly be to operate with the foot-propelled braking vane, braking liquid by master cylinder and wheel cylinder is as the media that transmits pressure, the pressure mean deviation is delivered on the braking element of each wheel with enlarging, make brake strap and brake drum driving fit and produce friction, and then wheel is stopped operating and reach the purpose of brake.In addition, other complementary design such as hand-operated brake device are arranged also, major part is to utilize steel wire to move and locked trailing wheel, can be used as vehicle positioning stop or urgent assist brake usefulness.Though influence the brake efficiency of these brake system several factors is arranged, the friction force between its brake strap and the brake drum is the basis of a consideration basically, and more then braking effect is better for friction force between the two.The drum type braking device that general automobile is adopted can reach good braking effect to wheel, but often in high vehicle speeds, if during emergency brake suddenly, because of momentum very big, after wheel locking, vehicle body still can slide forward in spite of oneself, and is perhaps sliding partially toward side direction, even spin and overturn, accident on the contrary easily results in an automobile accident.So modern age automobile major brake system in, also there be " the locked system of anti-brake " (Anti-Lock Braking System) to be commonly called as the design of ABS, it is that the matching computer operation makes brake system put at brake quick point of moment, make wheel unlikely locked fully, sliding partially phenomenon in the time of can avoiding braking, what can improve some safetys, still for the braking distance of real minimizing vehicle, still do not have absolute positive effect.

Purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of wheel reversing brake, is to make automobile in running at high speed, but the device of emergency brake can reduce braking distance effectively and avoid vehicle sliding partially, raising braking effect and safety.

The invention is characterized in: between the clutch unit of automobile and change speed gear box, be provided with a planet gear cluster, the main bearing sending and receiving motivation power of this power-transfer clutch, the housing of this power-transfer clutch rotates with this main shaft synchronously or respectively according to clutch action, this compound planet gear comprises sun gear, planetary wheel and annular gear wheel, this sun gear is linked to this main shaft and turned by it, each planetary wheel central authorities is provided with pivot, and be fixed in respectively on this housing, can be driven by it revolution, this annular gear wheel is coupling on change speed gear box, can transmit power to change speed gear box by positive and reverse steering, the housing of this power-transfer clutch is stopped the locking mechanism control of braking by one and is stopped operating.This power-transfer clutch of mat cooperates with the operation of compound planet gear, makes automobile in running at high speed can stop rapidly only wheel and instantaneous the counter-rotating, promotes braking effect and avoids inclined to one side cunning to shorten the distance that wheel stop slides.

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:

Fig. 1 is a kind of driving system scheme drawing of automobile in the past.

Fig. 2 is the transmission scheme drawing of direct spindle drive change speed gear box of the power-transfer clutch of above-mentioned automobile in the past.

Fig. 3 is the device decomposing schematic representation of preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein be presented at the main shaft of power-transfer clutch and change speed gear box between be provided with a planet gear cluster.

Fig. 4 is the combination scheme drawing of preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the control system scheme drawing of preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the part brake circuit scheme drawing in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is that the clutch unit of preferred embodiment of the present invention releases from view.

Fig. 8 is the compound planet gear diagram of work of preferred embodiment of the present invention when clutch unit releases from.

Fig. 9 be preferred embodiment of the present invention clutch unit in conjunction with the time the compound planet gear diagram of work.

Figure 10 is clutch unit and the stop locking mechanism scheme drawing of preferred embodiment of the present invention when emergency brake.

Figure 11 is the throttle full trrottle scheme drawing of preferred embodiment of the present invention when emergency brake.

Figure 12 is the compound planet gear diagram of work of preferred embodiment of the present invention when emergency brake.

As shown in Figure 1, the driving system of general manual gearing rear drive vehicle, modal is at power-transfer clutch 2 of driving engine 1 back attaching, so that clutch controllably transmits power, 2 of this power-transfer clutchs are connected a change speed gear box 3 again, to change rotating speed and torsion, again power is turned wheel 5 by transmission shaft 4 and make vehicle operating.This system is under normal condition, as shown in Figure 2, the bent axle 10 of this driving engine 1 drives the flywheel 21 of this power-transfer clutch 2, the housing 22 of this power-transfer clutch 2 of mat cooperates the clutch operation of its inner each elements again, can make its main shaft 23 form the input shaft of these change speed gear boxs 3 and the power of this driving engine 1 is conducted to this change speed gear box 3.The gear cluster 32 of shifter bar 31 adjustable insides of this change speed gear box 3, with setting neutral gear, reverse gear or high, low speed shelves, and for powered vehicle.In this technology, the main shaft 23 of this power-transfer clutch 2 is these change speed gear boxs 3 of through-coupling, so under normal condition, turning to of this driving engine 1 bent axle 10 is consistent with the main shaft 23 of this power-transfer clutch 2, and both drive this change speed gear box 3 with same turning to, unless this change speed gear box 3 is returned reverse gear, otherwise this transmission shaft 4 (as Fig. 1) turn to main shaft 23 with this power-transfer clutch 2 identical and can't reverse, therefore at present general automobile is when cruising or brake, and its wheel can never reverse voluntarily.

The present invention between the power-transfer clutch of accepting the car engine mechanomotive force and change speed gear box, adds a compound planet gear in order to break through above-mentioned design, and brakes the housing of this power-transfer clutch with the locking mechanism of stopping, with emergency brake where necessary and make wheel reversing.As shown in Figure 3, be the device decomposing schematic representation of preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprise a clutch unit 6, compound planet gear 7, the locking mechanism 8 of stopping, and one as hereinbefore change speed gear box 3 and be used for linking the flywheel 21 of this engine crankshaft 10.

This clutch unit 6 is by main shaft 60, shift fork 61, Throwout bearing 62, clutch cover back plate 63, two supporting rings 64, video disc spring 65, pressing plate 66, formed by moving plate 67 and disk 68, indivedual structures of each element are roughly identical with conventional device, on the mode of forming, be to be in reverse to existing apparatus just, cooperate shown in Figure 4, during these clutch unit 6 combinations, but this clutch cover back plate 63 utilizes bolt and this disk 68 fixedly connected and form the housing of a unitary rotation, and this enclosure interior chamber is for being installed in this two supporting ring 64, video disc spring 65, pressing plate 66 and by moving plate 67.These main shaft 60 front ends and this flywheel 21 link, turned by these engine crankshaft 10 interlocks, these main shaft 60 rear ends are provided with a bit of spline 601, the axis body of this main shaft 60 runs through this Throwout bearing 62, video disc spring 65 in regular turn, by moving plate 67 and disk 68 and extend back, and be provided with bearing 681 with these disk 68 junctions, this main shaft 60 can relatively be rotated with this disk 68.These are during by moving plate 67 normal conditions, be to be folded between this pressing plate 66 and the disk 68, this is provided with spline 671 by place, moving plate 67 axle center, this spends strong groove 671 and the strong groove 601 of spending of this main shaft 60 to interosculate, so when this is not being pressed by this pressing plate 66 by moving plate 67, can spend strong groove 601 place's sliding translations at this, but must rotate synchronously with this main shaft 60.The periphery embedding of this video disc spring 65 is butted on this pressing plate 66, and there are many studs 651 to run through this video disc spring 65, and cooperate propping up of this two supporting ring 64, and with these video disc spring 64 positioning and fixing in these clutch cover back plate 63 inside, the elasticity that the protruding arch of this its curved surface of video disc spring 65 mats is had, butted backward this pressing plate 66 when normal condition, and then relatedly pressing this by moving plate 67.This Throwout bearing 62 is sleeved on this main shaft 60 versatilely, the rear end is connected to the curved surface front side of this video disc spring 65, and can be subjected to this shift fork 61 push operation and on this main shaft 60 sliding translation, when this Throwout bearing 62 advances backward, but this video disc spring 65 of contact makes the curved surface reflex action of this video disc spring 65, and then this pressing plate 66 will release from this automatically by moving plate 67.

Shown in Fig. 3,4, this compound planet gear 7 comprises 71 and two less planetary wheels 72 of 70, sun gears of an annular gear wheel (inner gear) (sun gear).This annular gear wheel 70 roughly is the ware shape, the inner edge periphery is provided with ring gear 701, and central authorities provide an axis hole 702, and protrudes out axle sleeve 703 of formation backward along this axis hole 702, be provided with teeth groove in this axle sleeve 703, can form the state that is coupling of linkage for input shaft 30 suits of change speed gear box 3.The center of this sun gear 71 is fixed in the main shaft 60 of this clutch unit 6, and can be subjected to this main shaft 60 direct drives, and the end 602 of this main shaft 60 runs through this sun gear 71, and cooperates a guide rod bearing 704 and be set in the axis hole 702 of this annular gear wheel 70, rotating by dead axle.Each planetary wheel 72 shift sleeve symmetrically is loaded between the periphery and this annular gear wheel 70 of this sun gear 71, its center respectively is provided with bearing 720 and a pivot 721, and this pivot 721 is fixed device in the corresponding perforate 682 of this disk 68, making each planetary wheel 72 is axle center and rotation with this pivot 721, can be driven by this disk 68 again and around these sun gear 71 revolution operations.Present embodiment is to use two planetary wheels 72, and its number can be designed to three or more by actual needs.

This locking mechanism 8 of stopping is located at the disk body edge of this disk 68, and in the present embodiment, this locking mechanism 8 of stopping is to adopt general disc type brake design, and it utilizes one group of clamp of fluid control to come this disk 68 of cramping and it is stopped operating.As shown in Figure 4, this clamp is provided with two cooresponding cylinder barrels 81, piston 82 of each suit in this cylinder barrel 81, the front end of this piston 82 respectively is provided with friction shim 83, two cooresponding cylinder barrel 81 corresponding pincers are located at the both sides of this disk 68, when fluid was exerted pressure by pipeline 80 importings, each piston 82 will move and make this friction shim 83 relative these disks 68 of cramping, and this disk 68 is stopped operating.

As shown in Figure 5, scheme drawing for the control system 9 of present embodiment, pedal of clutch 91 is to be used for operating this shift fork 61 to control this clutch unit 6, brake pedal 92 is used for controlling normal brake system, 93 of acceleration pedals are used for moving the flow regulating valve 931 of throttle with the control speed of a motor vehicle, this three's structure and operating mode seldom are described herein at this fully with identical in the past.And add an emergency brake pedal 94 in addition on the right side of this acceleration pedal 93, this emergency brake pedal 94 is controlled an oil circuit and is had a brake system independently of one's own, irrelevant mutually with the aforementioned brake system of being controlled by this brake pedal 92, the oil circuit of its action is designed to: when this emergency brake pedal 94 is operated, hydraulic oil will lead three the tunnel respectively via a four-way piece 90, first oil circuit 901 directly arrives this locking mechanism 8 of stopping, and make this locking mechanism 8 clamps running of stopping to prevent the rotation of this disk 68, second oil circuit, the 902 diversed flow regulating valve 931 that are used for operating this throttle, make it open with open the throttle wide, 903 of the 3rd oil circuits are conducted to other one group of drg 100 that freely turns round wheel, be used for pinning wheel, for example, present embodiment is the automobile of trailing wheel transmission, then this drg 100 is exactly a brake gear of braking front-wheel, and the original system that can be designed to control with aforementioned this brake pedal 9 separates and independent running.Perhaps as shown in Figure 6, on the operation oil circuit of former brake pedal 92, add the guide valve 110 that an inside has moveable piston 101, under normal condition, hydraulic oil by 92 starts of this brake pedal, can follow the perforate 111 of this guide valve 110,112 conductings, and make front-wheel 5 ' and trailing wheel 5 synchronous brakes, when emergency brake, the hydraulic oil that is moved by this drg 100, can rapid perforate 113 be pressed into, this piston 101 is pushed to opposite side and sealed this perforate 111, so hydraulic oil just can be from this perforate 113 and 112 conductings from this guide valve 110, with independent brake front-wheel 5 ', and not influencing the running of trailing wheel, it also can adopt A, B, the S system comes compounding practice, makes the front-wheel braking effect better.The emphasis of above-mentioned control system 9 just is the oil circuit mechanism that sets up one group of emergency brake pedal 94 and controlled, and this system is uncorrelated with normal operating system, so if do not employ this system, then integral automobile controls with generally identical.

As shown in Figure 4, present embodiment is under state of nature, this pressing plate 66, closely pressed the formation one by moving plate 67 and disk 68 threes by 65 on this video disc spring, when these main shaft 60 rotations, mat should be by the interlock of moving plate 67, whole this disk 68 is rotated synchronously with this clutch cover back plate 63, this is identical with general clutch operating, so when a chaufeur needs gear shift, its left foot can be stepped on aforementioned clutch pedal 91 (as Fig. 5) earlier, make the shift fork 61 of this clutch unit 6 promote this Throwout bearing 62 backward, this video disc spring 65 of contact again, make the reverse protruding arch of its curved surface, just form state as shown in Figure 7, nick behind the mediad of this video disc spring 65, and its periphery is arched forward, the jack-up a little forward of related pressing plate 66 with its butt, this pressing plate 66 is released from by moving plate 67 with this, also make this by moving plate 67 and this disk 68 no longer pressing connect airtight and lose interlock and do, so this main shaft 60 can only mat its spend strong groove 601 to drive this to be rotated by moving plate 67, and this disk 68 just no longer is subjected to these main shaft 60 interlocks to turn (because of being provided with bearing 681 between the two, so can rotate relatively freely), at this moment, the power of this engine crankshaft 10 just can not be imported change speed gear box 3.The running of this compound planet gear 7, as shown in Figure 8, this main shaft 60 is directly to turn this sun gear 71, but because of the pivot 721 of each planetary wheel 72 is to be installed in not bear on the disk 68 of power this moment, so though each planetary wheel 72 can be driven by this sun gear 71 along the revolution of detouring of its periphery, but itself also can rotate freely (rotation), this revolve round the sun and the suitable cooperation of rotation under, this annular gear wheel 70 will not be subjected to the conduction of any power and be free to rotate, but because of its axle sleeve 703 change speed gear box 3 that is being coupling has drag, so under normal condition, this annular gear wheel 70 will stop operating naturally and form quiescence, and chaufeur just can utilize shifter bar 31 smooth gear shift.

Chaufeur is after gear shift, left foot just can be released out this pedal of clutch 91, right crus of diaphragm is trampled this acceleration pedal 92 again, car acceleration are advanced, at this moment, this clutch unit 6 automatically reverts to state as shown in Figure 4: this shift fork 61 is got back to original position, this Throwout bearing 62 also along with return with pressure release, after this video disc spring 65 is released pressure, revert to the plane, and be tight against this pressing plate 66, make the power-transfer clutch combination, at this main shaft 60, by moving plate 67, after disk 68 combines, can turn round synchronously to transmit the power of this engine crankshaft 10 with regard to being locked into one, at this moment, the serviceability of this compound planet gear 7, as shown in Figure 9, this sun gear 71 is driven by this main shaft 60, so both turning to is identical, and the pivot 721 of each planetary wheel 72 is fixed on this disk 68 (as Fig. 4), rotate synchronously with this sun gear 71 and main shaft 60 so be subjected to the driving of this disk 68, at this moment, each planetary wheel 72 is just as being stuck between this sun gear 71 and the annular gear wheel 70, can only revolve round the sun and can rotation, thereby this annular gear wheel 70 of interlock rotates synchronously with main shaft 60, make the input shaft 30 of this change speed gear box 3 also can be synchronous with this engine crankshaft 10, rotate in the same way, just the power of driving engine can be directly conducted to this change speed gear box 3, and this normal transmission operation with general automobile is identical.

When automobile during at cruising, general braking situation can be trampled this brake pedal 92, utilize general brake system to come normal running, if at higher speed (for example more than the 60Km/hr) when travelling, just in case there is emergency situations to need emergency brake, chaufeur can will be stepped on the right crus of diaphragm that is placed on the acceleration pedal 93 originally, instantaneous changing steps on the emergency brake pedal 94 that is located at the right side, simultaneously trample this pedal of clutch 91 rapidly with left foot, the running of this clutch unit 6 and the locking mechanism 8 of stopping at this moment just as shown in figure 10, this clutch unit 6 forms the state (identical with the state of Fig. 7) that releases from, and the power that makes this engine crankshaft 10 is no longer imported this change speed gear box 3, and this disk 68 can freely be turned round with respect to this main shaft 60.But under the running of this emergency brake pedal 94 (as Fig. 5), the hydraulic oil that it drove can be via the dispensing of this four-way piece 90, and in instantaneous elder generation by the lighter flow regulating valve 931 of these second oil circuit, 902 start-up operation resistances, make oil (as shown in figure 11) with the door open, start function to send maximum power and make, with standby and avoid flame-out, another strand hydraulic oil then can be led through the 3rd oil circuit 903, be used for operating this drg 100, with the only front-wheel of stopping, another strand hydraulic oil can be stopped locking mechanism 8 and operate this clamp via these first oil circuit, 901 through these again, after hydraulic oil enters in this cylinder barrel 81, can push this piston 82, make this to friction shim 83 this disk 68 of cramping promptly, this disk 68 is lockable soon and stop operating (many group clamps also can be set where necessary to be operated, make braking effect better).And be forced to moment rev down (this moment, this disk 68 released from this main shaft 60) at this disk 68, two planetary wheels 72 that this disk 68 is driven also reduce revolution speed synchronously with this disk 68, still identical sun gear 71 is and rotates asynchronously with this main shaft 60 and with rotating speed, and the beginning rotation (velocity contrast between these sun gear 71 rotations of mat and 72 revolution of this planetary wheel, can cause the rotation of this planetary wheel 72), therefore, this annular gear wheel 70 is also no longer rotated with this sun gear 71 synchronously, and can be forced to rev down, so that the rotating speed of this change speed gear box 3 reduces suddenly, the speed of wheel also can be along with moment reduces.In vehicle is being run at high speed, if when reducing vehicle wheel rotational speed suddenly, wheel rim speed will be slower than the gait of march of vehicle itself, and the friction of the wheel in generation high speed revolution ground-surface phenomenon, will produce maximum braking effect, the effect of ABS brake system as described above, the speed of a motor vehicle will fastly so slowly be got off in moment.

As shown in figure 12, when above-mentioned disk 68 will be lockable, the rotating speed of this annular gear wheel 70 will drop to zero by low speed, change counter-rotating again into, because of this disk 68 static after, each planetary wheel 72 can only dead axle from then can not revolve round the sun again, and turn to opposite with this sun gear 71 and main shaft 60, so the power that this sun gear 71 of mat is turned at a high speed by this main shaft 60 still can be by the dead axle toe joint of each planetary wheel 72, and then this annular gear wheel 70 of interlock carries out contrarotation.If when design, the ratio of number of teeth of this sun gear 71 and annular gear wheel 70 is made as (the reverse gear ratio of number of teeth that is equivalent to change speed gear box 3) between 1: 4 or 1: 5, and generally when this emergency brake, this change speed gear box 3 is to be in (its ratio of number of teeth is about between 1: 1 or 1: 0.75) in the high speed gear, then after this disk 68 is lockable fully, this annular gear wheel 70 just can be equivalent to the normal reverse gear speed of general automobile and reverse, vehicle can be gone out under the situation of maximum power at engine flare, carry out the low speed and reverse of high torsion, the road surface rubs positive and powerfully, to offset the surplus gesture of vehicle preshoot, car is held not and then at once original place counter-rotating trailing wheel (front-wheel was stopped by the drg of being controlled by the 3rd oil circuit 903 100 and ended this moment), by the time after vehicle consumes preshoot kinetic energy rapidly, will be forced to stop to slide, and even may fall back a little and go, chaufeur just can bleed off this emergency brake pedal 94, changes to step on normal brake pedal 92 car that stops.

As previously mentioned, when this disk 68 also was not lockable fully, wheel slowly got off the speed of a motor vehicle with regard to producing maximum braking effect fast, so can lower the relative velocity of wheel and pavement friction simultaneously, therefore also can reduce the required horsepower of counter-rotating, help the operation of wheel reversing.When wheel reversing, driving engine is in running with maximum power, can not stop working because of under power, if driving engine has the car than high-power, just can reduce this sun gear 71 and annular gear wheel 70 ratios of number of teeth, to improve the speed of wheel reversing, can more effectively in short range, check car.In addition, if when wheel reversing, bear bigger mechanical load in order to prevent each driver element, can strengthen the Intensity Design cooperation of each element according to actual needs, this can solve at an easy rate in present industrial technology ability.

The present invention utilizes the driving engine maximum power to make the wheel low speed and reverse, its tire is with positive scrape along the ground, and produce very large reverse resistance, to offset the kinetic energy that the part vehicle slides forward, brake system than general automobile, more effectively in than short range, check car, simultaneously, when employing emergency braking system of the present invention, this trailing wheel all is to be in just changeing at a high speed or the operating state (being static in the moment that just will reverse only) of low speed and reverse from start to finish, so the phenomenon that can take place to be lockable fully not is also so can not produce the runaway condition of sideslip, safer than general brake system.

In sum, the running that the present invention utilizes this locking mechanism 8 of stopping to come the control clutch housing, cooperate the variation of the drive state of this compound planet gear 7 again, brake wheel and make its counter-rotating when urgent, and, field of application of the present invention is not limited to the trailing wheel driving type automobile as above-mentioned embodiment, as traction avant, or vertical put driving engine, transverse engine and all can use, make the automobile in running at high speed, can when emergency brake, check car body with the shortest distance, and avoid side direction sliding partially, improve braking effect and safety.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of wheel reversing brake comprises a clutch unit and a change speed gear box, and this clutch unit has the housing that the main shaft and of accepting engine power rotates synchronously or respectively with this main shaft according to clutch action, it is characterized in that:

This wheel reversing brake also comprises a compound planet gear and the locking mechanism of stopping;

This compound planet gear is installed between this clutch unit and this change speed gear box, this compound planet gear comprises an annular gear wheel, axle is loaded on the sun gear in this annular gear wheel, and it is a plurality of around the planetary wheel that is engaged in this sun gear periphery, this sun gear is linked to the main shaft of this power-transfer clutch and turned by this main shaft, each planetary wheel central authorities respectively is provided with pivot, each pivot is fixed on the housing of this power-transfer clutch, and be subjected to the driving of this housing and revolve round the sun around this sun gear, this annular gear wheel is coupling on this change speed gear box, and cooperate each planetary running, and this change speed gear box is transmitted power with positive and reverse steering;

This locking mechanism of stopping is located at the housing place near this power-transfer clutch, and the only housing rotation of this power-transfer clutch of stopping.

Images