CN114584042A - Motor energy release circuit, circuit board, electronic control unit and vehicle - Google Patents

Motor energy release circuit, circuit board, electronic control unit and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114584042A
CN114584042A CN202210463873.0A CN202210463873A CN114584042A CN 114584042 A CN114584042 A CN 114584042A CN 202210463873 A CN202210463873 A CN 202210463873A CN 114584042 A CN114584042 A CN 114584042A
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Prior art keywords
resistor
triode
phase
module
phase motor
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CN202210463873.0A
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CN114584042B (en
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汪冬亮
王志伟
张�杰
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China Automotive Innovation Corp
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China Automotive Innovation Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/032—Preventing damage to the motor, e.g. setting individual current limits for different drive conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a motor energy release circuit, a circuit board, an electronic control unit and a vehicle, wherein the circuit comprises: drive module, detection module and three-phase interconnection module, wherein: the first end of the driving module is used for being connected with the first end of the single chip microcomputer, the second end of the driving module is used for being connected with the three-phase motor, and the third end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the detection module; the fourth end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the three-phase interconnection module; the second end of the detection module is used for connecting a power supply, and the third end of the detection module is connected with the second end of the three-phase interconnection module; and the third end of the three-phase interconnection module is used for connecting a three-phase motor. The scheme realizes the quick energy release of the motor on hardware, can accurately identify the reverse rotation state of the three-phase motor through the detection module, can effectively inhibit the counter electromotive force of the three-phase motor, can not generate loss to elements on a bus, and the driving module and the three-phase interconnection module can not be simultaneously conducted with the three-phase motor, thereby improving the reliability of an energy release circuit.

Description

Motor energy release circuit, circuit board, electronic control unit and vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-phase motors, in particular to a motor energy release circuit, a circuit board, an electronic control unit and a vehicle.
Background
Because the electric vehicle does not have a vacuum power assisting source, an electronic vacuum pump or an electronic power assisting circuit is generally adopted. The electronic power assisting circuit is characterized in that the electronic power assisting circuit is a three-phase brushless three-phase motor, brake fluid is conveyed from a master cylinder to a wheel cylinder by controlling the three-phase brushless three-phase motor to rotate and matching with the opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve, and the required brake pressure is provided for the wheel cylinder.
In the braking process, the three-phase motor pushes the piston to compress the brake fluid, the pressure of the brake fluid is continuously increased, and reverse thrust can be applied to the three-phase motor. Normally, the three-phase motor is controlled, and the thrust can be counteracted by the electromagnetic force of the three-phase motor to maintain stability. However, if the circuit is powered off, the drive axle is in failure or under-voltage and other abnormal working conditions occur, the high-pressure brake fluid can push the three-phase motor to rotate reversely quickly. At this moment, the current can charge the capacitor in the three-phase motor bus power supply network through the upper arm body diode of the drive bridge, and because of the one-way conductivity of the body diode, the bus voltage can continuously rise after charging, and the electronic components can be damaged by the overhigh voltage, and even the three-phase motor can be burnt.
At present, the traditional method for inhibiting the high voltage generated by the reverse rotation of the three-phase motor is to use elements such as a high-power electronic voltage regulator tube and the like as a passive energy absorption device to inhibit the high voltage generated by the reverse rotation of the three-phase motor and release energy.
However, the high-power passive element adopted in the scheme has large volume and high price, has great negative effects on the circuit volume and the cost, and can be activated only after the bus voltage exceeds a tolerable value, and the voltage is already high at the moment, so that the loss of the element connected to the bus is large. In addition, the high-power passive element is influenced by current impact loss, the service life of the high-power passive element and process consistency difference, and risks of random failure and fatigue failure exist, so that the protection effect is reduced and even completely lost.
Therefore, the existing three-phase motor reverse rotation protection scheme has the problems of large element loss on the bus, poor circuit protection reliability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. To this end, a first aspect of the invention proposes an electrical machine energy release circuit, said circuit comprising: drive module, detection module and three-phase interconnect module, wherein:
the first end of the driving module is used for being connected with the first end of the single chip microcomputer, the second end of the driving module is used for being connected with the three-phase motor, and the third end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the detection module; the fourth end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the three-phase interconnection module;
the second end of the detection module is used for connecting a power supply, and the third end of the detection module is connected with the second end of the three-phase interconnection module; the third end of the three-phase interconnection module is used for connecting the three-phase motor;
if the detection module detects that the three-phase motor rotates forwards, the three-phase interconnection module is disconnected from the three-phase motor, and the driving module drives the three-phase motor;
if the detection module detects that the three-phase motor reverses, the driving module is disconnected with the three-phase motor, and the three-phase interconnection module is connected with the three-phase motor to release electric energy generated by the three-phase motor in a reversing mode.
Optionally, the driving module includes an enabling unit, a pre-driver chip, and a three-phase bridge driver, where a first end of the enabling unit is a first end of the driving module, a second end of the enabling unit is connected to the first end of the pre-driver chip, and a third end of the enabling unit is connected to a third end of the three-phase interconnection module; the fourth end of the enabling unit is connected with the first end of the detection module;
the second end of the pre-drive chip is connected with the first end of the three-phase bridge drive, the third end of the pre-drive chip is connected with the second end of the single chip microcomputer, and the second end of the three-phase bridge drive is the second end of the drive module;
if the detection module detects the positive rotation of the three-phase motor, the enabling unit is connected with the grounding end of the three-phase interconnection module, the three-phase interconnection module is disconnected with the three-phase motor, and the single chip microcomputer, the enabling unit, the pre-driving chip, the three-phase bridge driving module and the three-phase motor form a driving loop;
if the detection module detects that the three-phase motor rotates reversely, the enabling unit is disconnected with the three-phase interconnection module, and the enabling unit is disconnected with the pre-drive chip.
Optionally, the enabling unit includes a first triode and a second resistor, a first end of the second resistor is a fourth end of the enabling unit, a second end of the second resistor is connected with a base of the first triode, an emitter of the first triode is grounded, and a collector of the first triode is connected with a second end of the first resistor;
the enabling unit further comprises a second triode, the first resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor, the first end of the first resistor is the first end of the enabling unit, the second end of the first resistor is further connected with the base electrode of the second triode, the emitter electrode of the second triode is grounded, the collector electrode of the second triode is respectively connected with the first end of the third resistor and the first end of the fourth resistor, and the second end of the third resistor is used for being connected with a power supply;
the enabling unit further comprises a third triode, a base of the third triode is connected with the second end of the fourth resistor, an emitter of the third triode is respectively connected with the second end of the third resistor and the power supply, and a collector of the third triode is the second end of the enabling unit;
a target point of the enabling unit is connected with the three-phase interconnection module, wherein the target point is an intersection point of a target connecting line and a collector electrode of the first triode, and the target connecting line is a connecting line between a base electrode of the second triode and a second end of the first resistor;
if the three-phase motor rotates forwards, the first triode is turned off, the second triode and the third triode are conducted, and the enabling unit and the pre-drive chip are conducted;
if the three-phase motor rotates reversely, the first triode is conducted, and the second triode and the third triode are disconnected.
Optionally, the three-phase interconnection module includes a fourth triode, a fifth resistor and a first discharge resistor unit, a first end of the fifth resistor is the first end of the three-phase interconnection module, a second end of the fifth resistor is connected to a base of the fourth triode, an emitter of the fourth triode is grounded, and a collector of the fourth triode is connected to the first end of the first discharge resistor unit;
the three-phase interconnection module further comprises a sixth resistor, a fifth triode and a second discharge resistor unit, wherein the first end of the sixth resistor is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the sixth resistor is respectively connected with the base electrode of the fourth triode and the base electrode of the fifth triode, the emitting electrode of the fifth triode is grounded, and the collector electrode of the fifth triode is connected with the first end of the second discharge resistor unit;
the three-phase interconnection module further comprises a seventh resistor, a sixth triode and a third discharge resistor unit, wherein the first end of the seventh resistor is connected with the first end of the sixth resistor, the second end of the seventh resistor is respectively connected with the base electrode of the fifth triode, the base electrode of the sixth triode and the collector electrode of the seventh triode, the emitter electrode of the sixth triode is grounded, and the collector electrode of the sixth triode is connected with the first end of the third discharge resistor unit;
the three-phase interconnection module further comprises an eighth resistor and a seventh triode, wherein the first end of the eighth resistor is the third end of the three-phase interconnection module, the second end of the eighth resistor is connected with the base electrode of the seventh triode, the emitter electrode of the seventh triode is grounded, and the collector electrode of the seventh triode is connected with the base electrode of the sixth triode;
the second end of the first discharging resistance unit, the second end of the second discharging resistance unit and the second end of the third discharging resistance unit are respectively connected with three phases of the three-phase motor;
if the three-phase motor rotates forwards, the second end of the enabling unit outputs a high level, the seventh triode is conducted by the high level, and the fourth triode, the fifth triode and the sixth triode are turned off;
if the three-phase motor rotates reversely, the second end of the enabling unit outputs a low level, the seventh triode is turned off by the low level, the fourth triode, the fifth triode and the sixth triode are conducted, and the three-phase interconnection module is conducted with three phases of the three-phase motor.
Optionally, the first discharge resistance unit, the second discharge resistance unit, and the third discharge resistance unit respectively include three resistors connected in parallel.
Optionally, the detection module includes an operational amplifier, a sampling resistor, a clamping diode, a twentieth resistor and a twenty-first resistor;
the first end of the sampling resistor is connected with the bus and used for collecting the current of the bus;
the first end of the sampling resistor is connected with the first end of the twentieth resistor, the second end of the sampling resistor is connected with the first end of the detection module, and the second end of the sampling resistor is also connected with the first end of the twenty-first resistor;
a second end of the twenty-first resistor is connected with the first end of the clamping diode and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier respectively, and a second end of the twentieth resistor is connected with the second end of the clamping diode and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier respectively; the third end of the operational amplifier is the third end of the detection module;
the operational amplifier is used for amplifying the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor, and when the operational amplifier detects that the current flow direction at the two ends of the sampling resistor is in a first direction, the operational amplifier indicates that the three-phase motor rotates forwards and outputs a low level; and when the operational amplifier detects that the current flow at the two ends of the sampling resistor is the reverse direction of the first direction, the operational amplifier indicates that the three-phase motor is reversely rotated and outputs a high level.
Optionally, the circuit further comprises a three-phase motor position sensor, wherein the three-phase motor position sensor is located in a first preset distance range of the three-phase motor, is connected with a third end of the single chip microcomputer, and is used for acquiring real-time position information of the three-phase motor and transmitting the real-time position information to the single chip microcomputer.
Optionally, the circuit further includes a capacitor, and the capacitor is connected to the power supply and is configured to stabilize and filter the power supply.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a circuit board, including the motor energy release circuit of the first aspect.
A third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic control unit including the circuit board of the second aspect.
A fourth aspect of the embodiment of the invention proposes a vehicle including the electronic control unit of the third aspect.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in an embodiment of the invention, the motor energy release circuit comprises: drive module, detection module and three-phase interconnect module, wherein: the first end of the driving module is used for being connected with the first end of the single chip microcomputer, the second end of the driving module is used for being connected with the three-phase motor, and the third end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the detection module; the fourth end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the three-phase interconnection module; the second end of the detection module is used for connecting a power supply, and the third end of the detection module is connected with the second end of the three-phase interconnection module; the third end of the three-phase interconnection module is used for connecting a three-phase motor; if the detection module detects the forward rotation of the three-phase motor, the detection module outputs a low level, the low level enables the three-phase interconnection module and the three-phase motor to be disconnected, and the driving module drives the three-phase motor; if the detection module detects the reverse rotation of the three-phase motor, the detection module outputs a high level, the high level enables the driving module and the three-phase motor to be disconnected, and the three-phase interconnection module releases electric energy generated by the reverse rotation of the three-phase motor. According to the scheme, the rapid energy release of the motor is automatically realized on hardware, software intervention is not needed, and the reverse state of the three-phase motor can be accurately identified through the detection module, so that the circuit can effectively inhibit the back electromotive force of the three-phase motor, the loss of elements on a bus is avoided, and meanwhile, rapid braking is realized when the motor is abnormally reversed, and the damage of mechanical parts on the circuit is prevented; in this circuit, if drive module and three-phase motor switched on, then three-phase interconnection module and three-phase motor disconnection, if three-phase interconnection module and three-phase motor switched on, then drive module and three-phase motor disconnection for drive module and three-phase interconnection module can not switch on with three-phase motor simultaneously, have promoted energy release circuit's reliability.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiment or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art it is also possible to derive other drawings from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a prior art motor energy release circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art electronic booster circuit including a passive energy absorbing device;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a first motor energy release circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second motor energy release circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an enable unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase interconnection module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a detection module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The present specification provides method steps as described in the examples or flowcharts, but more or fewer steps may be included based on routine or non-invasive labor. In practice, the circuit or server product may be executed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in the context of parallel processors or multi-threaded processing) according to the embodiments or methods shown in the figures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic booster circuit in the prior art. As shown in fig. 1, normally, current flows from a power supply to a three-phase motor, and during braking, the three-phase motor pushes a piston to compress brake fluid, so that the pressure of the brake fluid is continuously increased, and reverse thrust is applied to the three-phase motor. Normally, the three-phase motor is controlled, and the thrust can be counteracted by the electromagnetic force of the three-phase motor to maintain stability.
When abnormal working conditions such as system power failure, drive axle failure or undervoltage and the like occur, the high-pressure brake fluid can push the three-phase motor to rotate reversely rapidly, and the three-phase motor is equivalent to a three-phase generator in the process. As shown in fig. 1, when the three-phase motor generates power in a high-speed reverse rotation mode, current can charge a capacitor C1 in a bus power network of the three-phase motor through an upper arm body diode of a drive bridge. Because body diode's one-way conductivity, the bus voltage can constantly rise after charging, and too high voltage can damage electronic component, can burn out the three-phase motor even, simultaneously because the unable release of three-phase motor energy, mechanical structure can be damaged in quick reversal, can harm when serious that the people is healthy.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electronic booster circuit including a passive energy absorption device according to the prior art. As shown in fig. 2, Z1 is a passive energy absorbing device. The passive energy absorption device is generally an element such as a high-power electronic voltage regulator tube, can inhibit high voltage generated by reverse rotation of the three-phase motor, and can release energy. In fig. 2, when the bus voltage is too high, the passive energy absorption device Z1 breaks down and conducts, and the energy is discharged.
The solution in fig. 2, however, has several problems:
firstly, the large-power passive element has large volume and high price, and has great negative influence on the circuit volume and the cost. Secondly, the passive components can be activated only after the bus voltage exceeds a tolerable value, and the voltage is high at this time, so that the loss of the components connected to the bus is large. Thirdly, the high-power passive element is influenced by current impact loss, the service life of the high-power passive element and process consistency difference, and risks of random failure and fatigue failure exist, so that the protection effect is reduced and even completely lost.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a motor energy release circuit, a circuit board, an electronic control unit and a vehicle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a first motor energy release circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the first motor energy release circuit provided by the present invention comprises: a drive module 100, a detection module 200, and a three-phase interconnect module 300, wherein:
the first end of the driving module 100 is used for being connected with the first end of the single chip microcomputer 400, the second end of the driving module 100 is used for being connected with the three-phase motor 500, and the third end of the driving module 100 is connected with the first end of the detection module 200; the fourth end of the driving module 100 is connected to the first end of the three-phase interconnection module 300;
the second end of the detection module 200 is used for connecting a power supply, and the third end of the detection module 200 is connected with the second end of the three-phase interconnection module 300; the third terminal of the three-phase interconnect module 300 is used to connect the three-phase motor 500.
Specifically, the single chip microcomputer 400 is a core of the controller and is used for arithmetic logic operation, the driving module 100 includes electronic components for driving the three-phase motor 500, and after the single chip microcomputer 400 sends out a driving instruction, the driving module 100 can drive the three-phase motor 500 to normally work. The three-phase motor 500 may be a three-phase brushless three-phase motor, and is composed of a motor main body and a driver.
The three-phase interconnection module 300 is respectively connected with U, V, W three phases of the three-phase motor 500, and the three-phase interconnection module 300 includes discharge resistance units therein for discharging energy of the three-phase motor 500.
When the three-phase motor 500 rotates forward, the detection module 200 outputs a low level, the low level disconnects the three-phase interconnection module 300 from the three-phase motor 500, the single chip microcomputer 400, the driving module 100 and the three-phase motor 500 form a driving loop, the single chip microcomputer 400 sends out a driving instruction, and the driving instruction enables the driving module 100 to drive the three-phase motor 500 to normally work.
When the three-phase motor 500 rotates reversely, the detection module 200 outputs a high level, the high level disconnects the driving module 100 from the three-phase motor 500, the three-phase interconnection module 300 and the three-phase motor 500 form an energy release circuit, and the three-phase interconnection module 300 releases electric energy generated by the reverse rotation of the three-phase motor 500.
In the above process, the driving module 100 and the three-phase interconnection module 300 are inhibited from each other, if the driving module 100 is connected to the three-phase motor 500, the three-phase interconnection module 300 and the three-phase motor 500 are disconnected, and if the three-phase interconnection module and the three-phase motor 500 are connected, the driving module 100 and the three-phase motor 500 are disconnected, so that the driving module 100 and the three-phase interconnection module 300 are prohibited from being simultaneously connected in hardware, and the reliability of the motor energy release circuit is improved.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, the motor energy release circuit includes: drive module, detection module and three-phase interconnection module, wherein: the first end of the driving module is used for being connected with the first end of the single chip microcomputer, the second end of the driving module is used for being connected with the three-phase motor, and the third end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the detection module; the fourth end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the three-phase interconnection module; the second end of the detection module is used for connecting a power supply, and the third end of the detection module is connected with the second end of the three-phase interconnection module; the third end of the three-phase interconnection module is used for connecting a three-phase motor; if the three-phase motor rotates forwards, the detection module outputs a low level, the low level enables the three-phase interconnection module and the three-phase motor to be disconnected, and the driving module drives the three-phase motor; if the three-phase motor rotates reversely, the detection module outputs a high level, the high level enables the driving module and the three-phase motor to be disconnected, and the three-phase interconnection module releases electric energy generated by the reverse rotation of the three-phase motor. This scheme has realized the quick energy release of motor automatically on hardware, does not need software to intervene to can accurately discern the three-phase motor reversal state through detection module, can effectively restrain three-phase motor back electromotive force, can not produce the loss to the component on the generating line, realized quick braking when the motor is unusual to reverse simultaneously, prevent that the mechanical part on the circuit from damaging, and drive module and three-phase interconnection module can not switch on with three-phase motor simultaneously, promoted energy release circuit's reliability.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a second motor energy release circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the driving module 100 includes an enabling unit 10, a pre-driver chip 20 and a three-phase bridge driver 30, a first end of the enabling unit 10 is a first end of the driving module 100, a second end of the enabling unit 10 is connected to the first end of the pre-driver chip 20, and a third end of the enabling unit 10 is connected to a third end of the three-phase interconnection module 300; the fourth terminal of the enabling unit 10 is connected to the first terminal of the detection module 200.
The second end of the pre-driver chip 20 is connected to the first end of the three-phase bridge driver 30, the third end of the pre-driver chip 20 is connected to the second end of the single chip microcomputer 400, and the second end of the three-phase bridge driver 30 is the second end of the driver module 100.
Specifically, the enabling unit 10 is responsible for outputting a control signal of the single chip microcomputer 400, specifically, the enabling unit converts the control signal of the single chip microcomputer 400 into an enabling signal to be output, and the three-phase motor 500 can rotate only when the enabling signal is valid. The pre-driver chip 20 plays a driving role, amplifies a weak current signal input by the single chip microcomputer 400 into a strong current signal with enough strength to drive a power device, such as an MOS transistor, in the three-phase bridge driver 30, and the pre-driver chip 20 simultaneously collects and processes a current signal and outputs the current signal to the single chip microcomputer 400 to realize a current closed loop. The three-phase bridge drive 30 is typically a three-half-bridge circuit consisting of 6 electronic switching tubes and is integrated with a current sensor for collecting 500 phase currents of the three-phase motor.
When the three-phase motor 500 rotates forward, the detection module 200 outputs a low level, the single chip microcomputer 400 enables the pre-driver chip 20 through the enabling unit 10, so that the pre-driver chip 20 starts to work, and the signal transmission among the three-phase interconnection module 300, the single chip microcomputer 400 and the pre-driver chip 20 is prohibited. The single chip microcomputer 400 sends a driving instruction to acquire a current signal, and controls the pre-driving chip 20 to output a three-phase bridge driving instruction, and the three-phase bridge driver 30 converts direct current of a power supply into alternating current to control U, V, W three phases of the three-phase motor 500. At this time, the direction of the direct current power supply is from a to B, the three-phase interconnection module 300 is turned off, and meanwhile, the single chip microcomputer 400 collects the phase current of the three-phase motor 500 and the position signal of the three-phase motor 500 in real time, so that closed-loop control is realized.
That is, if the detection module 200 outputs a low level, the low level enables the enabling unit 10 to be conducted with the ground terminal of the three-phase interconnection module 300, and the single chip microcomputer 400, the enabling unit 10, the pre-driving chip 20, the three-phase bridge driver 30 and the three-phase motor 500 form a driving circuit.
When abnormal working conditions occur, such as failure of the pre-drive chip 20 and short circuit of the three-phase bridge, the three-phase motor 500 is caused to rotate reversely rapidly, at the moment, the three-phase motor 500 continuously charges the capacitor in a reverse direction, the current direction flows from B to A, at the moment, the operational amplifier amplifies the voltage difference between B and A, the detection module 200 outputs a high level to drive the three-phase interconnection module 300 to be opened, the pre-drive chip 20 is forbidden through the enabling unit, the three-phase bridge drive 30 is closed, U, V, W three phases of the three-phase motor 500 are connected through the three-phase interconnection module 300, an energy release channel is provided for the three-phase motor 500, the three-phase motor 500 is rapidly braked, and meanwhile, the counter electromotive force is inhibited.
That is, if the detection module 200 outputs a high level, the high level disconnects the enable unit 10 from the ground of the three-phase interconnection module 300 and disconnects the enable unit 10 from the pre-driving chip 20. At this time, the three-phase current of the three-phase motor 500 is communicated with the three-phase interconnection module 300, and an energy release path is provided for the three-phase motor 500 through the discharge resistance unit on the three-phase interconnection module 300.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the enabling unit 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the enabling unit 10 includes a first transistor Q1 and a second resistor R2, a first terminal of the second resistor R2 is a fourth terminal of the enabling unit 10, a second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to a base of the first transistor Q1, an emitter of the first transistor Q1 is grounded, and a collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor R1.
The enabling unit 10 further includes a second transistor Q2, a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4, the first end of the first resistor R1 is the first end of the enabling unit 10, the second end of the first resistor R1 is further connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is grounded, the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the first end of the third resistor R3 and the first end of the fourth resistor R4, and the second end of the third resistor R3 is used for connecting a power supply.
The enabling unit 10 further includes a third transistor Q3, a base of the third transistor Q3 is connected to a second end of the fourth resistor R4, an emitter of the third transistor Q3 is connected to a second end of the third resistor R3 and a power supply, respectively, and a collector of the third transistor Q3 is a second end of the enabling unit 10.
Further, a target point of the enable unit 10 is connected to the three-phase interconnection module 300. The target point is point C in fig. 5, which is the intersection of the target connection line and the collector of the first transistor Q1, and the target connection line is the connection line between the base of the second transistor Q2 and the second terminal of the first resistor R1.
Specifically, the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are NPN transistors, and the third transistor Q3 is a PNP transistor.
If the detection module 200 outputs a low level, the first triode Q1 is turned off, and the second triode Q2 and the third triode Q3 are turned on, so that the enabling unit 10 is turned on with the pre-driver chip 20, thereby forming a driving loop; if the detection module 200 outputs a high level, the first transistor Q1 is turned on, and the second transistor Q2 and the third transistor Q3 are turned off, so that the enabling unit 10 is disconnected from the pre-driver chip 20, resulting in disconnection of the driving circuit.
Specifically, the enabling unit 10 receives the instructions from the single chip 400 and the detecting module 200, and controls the disabling and enabling of the pre-driver chip 20. In the normal three-phase motor driving mode, the single chip microcomputer 400 outputs a high level, the detection module 200 outputs a low level, at this time, the second triode Q2 is turned on, the third triode Q3 is turned on, the first triode Q1 is turned off, the power supply controls the enabling of the pre-drive chip 20 through the third triode Q3, the pre-drive chip 20 starts to work, and the three-phase motor 500 is driven through the three-phase bridge drive 30; when the three-phase motor 500 is in an abnormal condition and is rapidly reversed, the detection module 200 outputs a high level, the first triode Q1 is turned on, the second triode Q2 is turned off, the third triode Q3 is turned off, and meanwhile, the pre-drive chip 20 and the three-phase bridge drive 30 are prohibited.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase interconnect module 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 6, the three-phase interconnection module 300 includes a fourth transistor Q4, a fifth resistor R5, and a first discharging resistor unit 31, wherein a first end of the fifth resistor R5 is a first end of the three-phase interconnection module 300, a second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to a base of the fourth transistor Q4, an emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 is grounded, and a collector of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the first end of the first discharging resistor unit 31.
The three-phase interconnection module 300 further includes a sixth resistor R6, a fifth transistor Q5, and a second discharging resistor unit 32, wherein a first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to a first end of the fifth resistor R5, a second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to a base of the fourth transistor Q4 and a base of the fifth transistor Q5, an emitter of the fifth transistor Q5 is grounded, and a collector of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the first end of the second discharging resistor unit 32.
The three-phase interconnection module 300 further includes a seventh resistor R7, a sixth transistor Q6, and a third discharging resistor unit 33, wherein a first end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to a first end of the sixth resistor R6, a second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to a base of the fifth transistor Q5, a base of the sixth transistor Q6, and a collector of the seventh transistor Q7, an emitter of the sixth transistor Q6 is grounded, and a collector of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to a first end of the third discharging resistor unit 33.
The three-phase interconnection module 300 further includes an eighth resistor R8 and a seventh transistor Q7, a first end of the eighth resistor R8 is a third end of the three-phase interconnection module 300, a second end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to a base of the seventh transistor Q7, an emitter of the seventh transistor Q7 is grounded, and a collector of the seventh transistor Q7 is connected to a base of the sixth transistor Q6.
A second end of the first discharge resistance unit 31, a second end of the second discharge resistance unit 32, and a second end of the third discharge resistance unit 33 are connected to three phases of the three-phase motor 500, respectively.
The fourth triode Q4, the fifth triode Q5 and the sixth triode Q6 are all NPN type triodes.
The first discharge resistance unit 31, the second discharge resistance unit 32, and the third discharge resistance unit 33 each include N (N is a natural number) resistors connected in parallel. The number of resistors can be adjusted and matched according to different application occasions and system parameters to achieve energy release at different rates.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 6, the first discharge resistance unit 31 includes an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12 and a thirteenth resistor R13 connected in parallel, the second discharge resistance unit 32 includes a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15 and a sixteenth resistor R16 connected in parallel, and the third discharge resistance unit 33 includes a seventeenth resistor R17, an eighteenth resistor R18 and a nineteenth resistor R19 connected in parallel.
Referring to fig. 6, the three-phase interconnection module 300 is controlled by the voltages at the detection module 200, the single chip microcomputer 400 and the capacitor, in the normal three-phase motor driving mode, the detection module 200 outputs a low level, the single chip microcomputer 400 outputs a high level, the pre-driver chip 20 is enabled, the three-phase motor 500 is controlled by the three-phase bridge driver 30, the fourth transistor Q4, the fifth transistor Q5 and the sixth transistor Q6 are turned off, the seventh transistor Q7 is turned on, so that the enabling unit 10 is connected to the ground terminal through the seventh transistor Q7, and the three-phase interconnection module 300 and the three-phase motor 500 cannot be turned on. When the three-phase motor 500 is in an abnormal working condition, the three-phase motor 500 rapidly rotates reversely, the operational amplifier outputs a high level, the point C in the enabling unit is a low level, the seventh triode Q7 is turned off, and the fourth triode Q4, the fifth triode Q5 and the sixth triode Q6 are turned on, so that the three-phase interconnection module 300 is turned on with the three-phase motor 500. Specifically, resistors R11-R13 of the three-phase interconnection module 300 are connected to the U terminal of the three-phase motor 500, resistors R14-R16 are connected to the V terminal of the three-phase motor 500, and resistors R17-R19 are connected to the W terminal of the three-phase motor 500.
The resistors R11-R19 directly convert the regenerated electric energy in the reverse rotation process of the three-phase motor 500 into heat energy, and provide an energy release path for the three-phase motor 500. Therefore, the regenerated electric energy can not be fed back to the power supply electric network, and the voltage fluctuation of the electric network can not be caused, so that the effect of ensuring the stable operation of the power supply electric network is achieved.
That is, if the detection module 200 outputs a low level, the second terminal of the enable unit 10 outputs a high level, the high level turns on the seventh transistor Q7, and the fourth transistor Q4, the fifth transistor Q5, and the sixth transistor Q6 are turned off. Thus, the current of the enabling unit 10 flows into the ground terminal of the three-phase interconnection module 300, and the three-phase interconnection module 300 cannot be conducted with the three-phase motor 500. At this time, the driving module 100 is conducted with the three-phase motor 500, and the three-phase motor 500 is driven.
If the detection module 200 outputs a high level, the second terminal of the enable unit 10 outputs a low level, the low level turns off the seventh transistor Q7, the fourth transistor Q4, the fifth transistor Q5, and the sixth transistor Q6 are turned on, and the three-phase interconnection module 300 is turned on with the three phases of the three-phase motor 500. In this way, the driving module 100 is disconnected from the three-phase motor 500, and the three-phase interconnection module 300 receives the power generated by the reverse rotation of the three-phase motor 500 and discharges the power by using the first discharge resistance unit 31, the second discharge resistance unit 32, and the third discharge resistance unit 33.
Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a detection module 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7, the detection module 200 includes an operational amplifier 21, a sampling resistor 22, a clamping diode D1, a twentieth resistor R20, and a twenty-first resistor R21; the first end of the sampling resistor 22 is connected with the bus and used for collecting the current of the bus; the first end of the sampling resistor 22 is connected with the first end of the twentieth resistor R20, the second end of the sampling resistor 22 is connected with the first end of the detection module 200, and the second end of the sampling resistor 22 is further connected with the first end of the twenty-first resistor R21; a second end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is connected to the first end of the clamping diode D1 and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 21, and a second end of the twentieth resistor R20 is connected to the second end of the clamping diode D1 and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 21; the third terminal of the operational amplifier 21 is the third terminal of the detection module 200.
Specifically, the sampling resistor 22 is configured to collect a bus current, and the operational amplifier 21 is configured to amplify a voltage across the sampling resistor 22, identify a current direction according to a voltage difference, and further identify a state of rapid reverse rotation of the three-phase motor 500 according to the current direction. In addition, the adaptive sampling resistor and operational amplifier may be matched according to the parameters of the three-phase motor 500.
The operational amplifier 21 outputs a low level when detecting that the current flowing at the two ends of the sampling resistor 22 is in the first direction; the operational amplifier 21 outputs a high level when it detects that the current across the sampling resistor 22 flows in the opposite direction of the first direction.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 4, the first direction is from a to B, and the opposite direction of the first direction is from B to a.
In a possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the motor energy release circuit further includes a three-phase motor position sensor 700, where the three-phase motor position sensor 700 is located within a first preset distance range of the three-phase motor 500 and is connected to a third terminal of the single chip microcomputer 400, and is configured to collect rotor pole position information of the three-phase motor 500 and transmit the position information to the single chip microcomputer 400, so as to provide correct commutation information for the logic switching circuit.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the motor energy release circuit further comprises a capacitor connected to the power source for voltage regulation and filtering of the power source.
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention can accurately identify the reverse rotation state of the three-phase motor through the sampling resistor and the operational amplifier; the scheme provides an energy release circuit with adjustable speed for the three-phase motor, can brake the three-phase motor which is rapidly reversed under abnormal conditions, and effectively inhibits the counter electromotive force of the three-phase motor; in the scheme, the enabling unit and the three-phase interconnection module are mutually inhibited, so that the condition that the pre-driving chip and the three-phase interconnection are simultaneously generated is forbidden from the aspect of hardware, and the reliability is improved; in addition, the quick energy release of the motor is automatically realized on hardware, and software intervention is not needed.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a circuit board, where the circuit board may include the motor energy release circuit shown in any one of fig. 3 to 7.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides an electronic control unit, which comprises the circuit board in the technical scheme.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle, which comprises the electronic control unit in the technical scheme.
The beneficial effects of the circuit board, the electronic control unit and the vehicle are the same as those of the motor energy release circuit, and are not described herein again.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the circuit embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. An electric motor energy release circuit, the circuit comprising: drive module, detection module and three-phase interconnect module, wherein:
the first end of the driving module is used for being connected with the first end of the single chip microcomputer, the second end of the driving module is used for being connected with the three-phase motor, and the third end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the detection module; the fourth end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the three-phase interconnection module;
the second end of the detection module is used for connecting a power supply, and the third end of the detection module is connected with the second end of the three-phase interconnection module; the third end of the three-phase interconnection module is used for connecting the three-phase motor;
if the detection module detects that the three-phase motor rotates forwards, the three-phase interconnection module is disconnected from the three-phase motor, and the driving module drives the three-phase motor;
if the detection module detects that the three-phase motor reverses, the driving module is disconnected with the three-phase motor, and the three-phase interconnection module is connected with the three-phase motor to release electric energy generated by the three-phase motor in a reversing mode.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the driving module comprises an enabling unit, a pre-driver chip and a three-phase bridge driver, the first terminal of the enabling unit is the first terminal of the driving module, the second terminal of the enabling unit is connected with the first terminal of the pre-driver chip, and the third terminal of the enabling unit is connected with the third terminal of the three-phase interconnection module; the fourth end of the enabling unit is connected with the first end of the detection module;
the second end of the pre-drive chip is connected with the first end of the three-phase bridge drive, the third end of the pre-drive chip is connected with the second end of the single chip microcomputer, and the second end of the three-phase bridge drive is the second end of the drive module;
if the detection module detects the positive rotation of the three-phase motor, the enabling unit is connected with the grounding end of the three-phase interconnection module, the three-phase interconnection module is disconnected with the three-phase motor, and the single chip microcomputer, the enabling unit, the pre-driving chip, the three-phase bridge driving module and the three-phase motor form a driving loop;
if the detection module detects that the three-phase motor rotates reversely, the enabling unit is disconnected with the three-phase interconnection module, and the enabling unit is disconnected with the pre-drive chip.
3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the enabling unit comprises a first transistor and a second resistor, a first terminal of the second resistor is a fourth terminal of the enabling unit, a second terminal of the second resistor is connected to a base of the first transistor, an emitter of the first transistor is grounded, and a collector of the first transistor is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor;
the enabling unit further comprises a second triode, the first resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor, the first end of the first resistor is the first end of the enabling unit, the second end of the first resistor is further connected with the base electrode of the second triode, the emitter electrode of the second triode is grounded, the collector electrode of the second triode is respectively connected with the first end of the third resistor and the first end of the fourth resistor, and the second end of the third resistor is used for being connected with a power supply;
the enabling unit further comprises a third triode, a base of the third triode is connected with the second end of the fourth resistor, an emitter of the third triode is respectively connected with the second end of the third resistor and the power supply, and a collector of the third triode is the second end of the enabling unit;
a target point of the enabling unit is connected with the three-phase interconnection module, wherein the target point is an intersection point of a target connecting line and a collector electrode of the first triode, and the target connecting line is a connecting line between a base electrode of the second triode and a second end of the first resistor;
if the three-phase motor rotates forwards, the first triode is turned off, the second triode and the third triode are conducted, and the enabling unit and the pre-drive chip are conducted;
if the three-phase motor rotates reversely, the first triode is conducted, and the second triode and the third triode are disconnected.
4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the three-phase interconnection module comprises a fourth transistor, a fifth resistor and a first discharge resistor unit, wherein a first terminal of the fifth resistor is a first terminal of the three-phase interconnection module, a second terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to a base of the fourth transistor, an emitter of the fourth transistor is grounded, and a collector of the fourth transistor is connected to a first terminal of the first discharge resistor unit;
the three-phase interconnection module further comprises a sixth resistor, a fifth triode and a second discharge resistor unit, wherein the first end of the sixth resistor is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the sixth resistor is respectively connected with the base electrode of the fourth triode and the base electrode of the fifth triode, the emitting electrode of the fifth triode is grounded, and the collector electrode of the fifth triode is connected with the first end of the second discharge resistor unit;
the three-phase interconnection module further comprises a seventh resistor, a sixth triode and a third discharge resistor unit, wherein the first end of the seventh resistor is connected with the first end of the sixth resistor, the second end of the seventh resistor is respectively connected with the base electrode of the fifth triode, the base electrode of the sixth triode and the collector electrode of the seventh triode, the emitter electrode of the sixth triode is grounded, and the collector electrode of the sixth triode is connected with the first end of the third discharge resistor unit;
the three-phase interconnection module further comprises an eighth resistor and a seventh triode, wherein the first end of the eighth resistor is the third end of the three-phase interconnection module, the second end of the eighth resistor is connected with the base electrode of the seventh triode, the emitter electrode of the seventh triode is grounded, and the collector electrode of the seventh triode is connected with the base electrode of the sixth triode;
the second end of the first discharging resistance unit, the second end of the second discharging resistance unit and the second end of the third discharging resistance unit are respectively connected with three phases of the three-phase motor;
if the three-phase motor rotates forwards, the second end of the enabling unit outputs a high level, the seventh triode is conducted by the high level, and the fourth triode, the fifth triode and the sixth triode are turned off;
if the three-phase motor rotates reversely, the second end of the enabling unit outputs a low level, the seventh triode is turned off by the low level, the fourth triode, the fifth triode and the sixth triode are conducted, and the three-phase interconnection module is conducted with three phases of the three-phase motor.
5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the first discharge resistance unit, the second discharge resistance unit, and the third discharge resistance unit each include three resistors connected in parallel.
6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises an operational amplifier, a sampling resistor, a clamping diode, a twentieth resistor, and a twenty-first resistor;
the first end of the sampling resistor is connected with the bus and used for collecting the current of the bus;
the first end of the sampling resistor is connected with the first end of the twentieth resistor, the second end of the sampling resistor is connected with the first end of the detection module, and the second end of the sampling resistor is also connected with the first end of the twenty-first resistor;
a second end of the twenty-first resistor is connected with the first end of the clamping diode and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier respectively, and a second end of the twentieth resistor is connected with the second end of the clamping diode and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier respectively; the third end of the operational amplifier is the third end of the detection module;
the operational amplifier is used for amplifying the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor, and when the operational amplifier detects that the current flow direction at the two ends of the sampling resistor is in a first direction, the operational amplifier indicates that the three-phase motor rotates forwards and outputs a low level; and when the operational amplifier detects that the current flow at the two ends of the sampling resistor is the reverse direction of the first direction, the operational amplifier indicates that the three-phase motor is reversely rotated and outputs a high level.
7. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a three-phase motor position sensor, wherein the three-phase motor position sensor is located within a first preset distance range of the three-phase motor, is connected to a third end of the single chip microcomputer, and is configured to collect real-time position information of the three-phase motor and transmit the real-time position information to the single chip microcomputer.
8. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor coupled to the power supply for stabilizing and filtering the power supply.
9. A circuit board comprising the motor energy release circuit of any of claims 1-8.
10. An electronic control unit, characterized in that it comprises a circuit board according to claim 9.
11. A vehicle characterized by comprising an electronic control unit according to claim 10.
CN202210463873.0A 2022-04-29 2022-04-29 Motor energy release circuit, circuit board, electronic control unit and vehicle Active CN114584042B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204327552U (en) * 2014-11-25 2015-05-13 上海金脉电子科技有限公司 Vehicle cooling fan controller
CN106183819A (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-12-07 株式会社京滨 Discharge control device
CN206922676U (en) * 2017-05-24 2018-01-23 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of direct current generator and its positive and reverse rotation control circuit

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106183819A (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-12-07 株式会社京滨 Discharge control device
CN204327552U (en) * 2014-11-25 2015-05-13 上海金脉电子科技有限公司 Vehicle cooling fan controller
CN206922676U (en) * 2017-05-24 2018-01-23 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of direct current generator and its positive and reverse rotation control circuit

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