CN114577822A - Radiation impact target and method for generating radiation impact wave with speed of more than 100km/s in xenon - Google Patents

Radiation impact target and method for generating radiation impact wave with speed of more than 100km/s in xenon Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114577822A
CN114577822A CN202210068528.7A CN202210068528A CN114577822A CN 114577822 A CN114577822 A CN 114577822A CN 202210068528 A CN202210068528 A CN 202210068528A CN 114577822 A CN114577822 A CN 114577822A
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shock wave
radiation
wave tube
shock
xenon
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张璐
郑建华
张帅
魏胜
景龙飞
况龙钰
杨正华
袁永腾
杨品
杨家敏
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Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E30/10Nuclear fusion reactors

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-energy density physics, in particular to a radiation impact target and a method for generating radiation impact waves with the speed of more than 100km/s in xenon. The radiation impact target comprises an impact wave tube, a shielding cover, an annular metal sheet, an ablation layer and an air storage chamber; one end of the shock wave tube is communicated with the gas storage chamber, the other end of the shock wave tube is communicated with one end of the shielding cover, and the other end of the shielding cover is open; the annular metal sheet is arranged at the end part of one end of the shock wave tube connected with the shielding case, and the ablation layer is arranged on the annular metal sheet. The ablation layer reacts with the nanosecond laser to produce a radiation shock wave in a shock wave tube filled with xenon. The radiation shock wave propagation process can be radiographed using X-ray fluoroscopy techniques. The propagation speed of the radiation shock wave can be obtained through the relative position of the wave front of the radiation shock wave and the positioning grid and the relative delay of the X-ray source and the nanosecond laser pulse.

Description

Radiation impact target and method for generating radiation impact wave with speed of more than 100km/s in xenon
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-energy density physics, in particular to a radiation impact target and a method for generating radiation impact waves with the speed of more than 100km/s in xenon.
Background
The radiation shock wave is widely existed in celestial systems such as supernova explosion, young stars, catastrophe stars, black holes and the like. Different from common shock waves, the radiation shock waves are characterized in that the radiation transport influences the hydrodynamic evolution process of the shock waves to a great extent. Radiation transport is highly coupled with hydrodynamic processes, so that the generation and propagation processes of radiation shock waves involve extremely rich physical phenomena. Experiments are carried out in a laboratory to research the evolution law of the radiation shock waves, so that the human can be helped to understand the related celestial phenomena, and the understanding of the human on the universe is further deepened. Advances in high power laser technology have made it possible to study radiated shockwaves in the laboratory. Experiments on radiated shock waves have been carried out on devices such as Nova, Omega, LULI2000, France, GEKKO-XII, Japan, and the like, in the United states. In these experiments, xenon gas is the most popular radiation shock wave propagation medium due to its high atomic number (with strong radiation re-emission effect), stable properties and adjustable density.
The speed of the radiant shock wave is the most important physical quantity characterizing the intensity of the radiant shock wave. On the one hand, theoretical studies show that the velocity of the radiation shock wave decreases as the xenon density increases. Therefore, in order to generate stronger radiation shock waves, the xenon density is required to be as low as possible. On the other hand, the main diagnostic means for acquiring the speed of the radiation shock wave is X-ray fluoroscopy. To obtain a sharp contrast radiation shock wave wavefront image, the xenon density is required to be as high as possible. The reasonable experimental design must be a compromise between the two, which not only meets the physical requirements, but also considers the diagnosis requirements. Besides, the problems of preparation, inflation and air retention of the shock wave tube, laser injection and the like need to be considered. However, some existing radiation impact targets cannot generate 100 high-speed radiation impact waves in xenon after the impact targets are filled with xenon, so that it is difficult to obtain a radiation impact wave front image with obvious contrast.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a radiation impact target and a method for generating a radiation impact wave with a velocity of 100km/s or more in xenon gas, which can generate a radiation impact wave with a velocity of 100km/s or more, so as to obtain a radiation impact wave front image with obvious contrast.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a radiation impact target comprises an impact wave tube, a shielding case, an annular metal sheet, an ablation layer and an air storage chamber; one end of the shock wave tube is communicated with the gas storage chamber, the other end of the shock wave tube is communicated with one end of the shielding cover, and the other end of the shielding cover is open; the annular metal sheet is arranged at the end part of one end of the shock wave tube connected with the shielding case, and the ablation layer is arranged on the annular metal sheet. The nanosecond laser is applied to the ablation layer, and the heated material is scattered backwards to generate a forward driving force to drive the residual material to compress xenon gas in the shock wave tube inwards, so that the shock wave propagating in the shock wave tube is generated. The annular metal sheet filters X rays of a laser action target surface, and the impact wave tube is prevented from being heated in advance. The shield avoids interference of the residual laser light to the measurement. The shock wave tube constrains the shock wave to propagate within it. The gas storage chamber is used for increasing the total amount of filling gas in the pipe and avoiding the influence of unstable gas filling on data.
In one embodiment, the shock wave tube protection device further comprises a support for preventing the shock wave tube from deforming, and the support is sleeved on the shock wave tube. The shock wave tube has thin and long wall, and the components of the shock wave tube are organic materials, so that the shock wave tube cannot be self-supported, and an organic support structure is needed to ensure that the structure of the shock wave tube is not changed.
In one embodiment, the air storage chamber is provided with an air charging interface. The inflation interface is used for being connected with the inflation tube when inflating, and the required xenon is filled into the air storage chamber.
In one embodiment, the positioning grid is arranged on the wall of the shock wave tube. The positioning grid is used to determine the location of the propagation of the shock wave. The propagation speed of the radiation shock wave can be obtained through the relative position of the wave front of the radiation shock wave and the positioning grid and the relative delay of the X-ray source and the nanosecond laser pulse.
In one embodiment, the shielding case is of a topless hollow cone structure. The hollow cone structure has good shielding effect, and can not influence the propagation of nanosecond laser and block the nanosecond laser from acting on the ablation layer
In one embodiment, one end of the top of the shielding case is connected with the shock wave tube.
In one embodiment, the ablation layer is a polyimide ablation layer.
In one embodiment, the shield is made of tungsten; the annular metal sheet is made of gold.
In one embodiment, the shock wave tube is made of organic materials, the wall thickness is 45 micrometers to 55 micrometers, and the length is 1700 micrometers to 1900 micrometers.
In one embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for generating a radiation shockwave with a velocity of 100km/s or more in xenon gas, using the above-mentioned radiation impact target, comprising the following steps:
filling xenon gas of 1-2 atm into an air storage chamber communicated with the shock wave tube through an inflation tube;
four beams of nanosecond laser with energy of 1.6 kJ-3.2 kJ, light spot diameter of 650 microns-740 microns, pulse of 0.5 ns-1.5 ns and wavelength of 0.3 microns-0.4 microns are used for acting on the ablation layer, the nanosecond laser is loaded on the ablation layer (laser focal spot phi 700 microns), the heated substance is scattered backwards to generate forward driving force, and the residual substance is driven to compress xenon in the shock wave tube inwards to generate shock wave transmitted into the shock wave tube;
obtaining a shock wave wavefront image at a certain moment by utilizing an X-ray perspective photography technology; obtaining the propagation speed of the radiation shock wave through the relative position of the wave front of the radiation shock wave and the positioning grid and the relative delay of the X-ray source and the nanosecond laser pulse; the X-ray of nanosecond laser acting on the target surface is filtered through the annular metal sheet, and the interference of residual laser on measurement is prevented through the shielding case;
and analyzing the wave front image of the radiation shock wave to obtain the velocity of the radiation shock wave.
The method is a method for generating the radiation shock wave with the speed of more than 100km/s in the xenon, in short, the method is to utilize nanosecond laser beams to drive and generate the radiation shock wave in the xenon through the design of a shock target, and obtain a shock wave front image by utilizing an X-ray perspective photography technology; and then the propagation velocity of the radiation shock wave is obtained through image analysis.
In the present invention, a nanosecond laser is applied to the polyimide ablation layer, and the heated material is scattered back, creating a forward driving force that drives the remaining material inward to compress xenon gas in the shock wave tube, which acts to create a shock wave propagating into the shock wave tube. The annular metal sheet filters X rays of a laser action target surface, and the impact wave tube is prevented from being heated in advance. The shield prevents the residual laser light from interfering with the measurement. The shock wave tube constrains the shock wave to propagate within it. The gas storage chamber is used for increasing the total amount of filling gas in the pipe and avoiding the influence of unstable gas filling on data. The positioning grid is used to determine the location of the propagation of the shock wave. The polyimide ablation layer reacts with nanosecond laser light to generate radiation shock waves in a shock wave tube filled with xenon. The radiation shock wave propagation process can be radiographed using X-ray fluoroscopy techniques. The propagation speed of the radiation shock wave can be obtained through the relative position of the wave front of the radiation shock wave and the positioning grid and the relative delay of the X-ray source and the nanosecond laser pulse.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are: according to the radiation impact target and the method for generating the radiation impact wave with the speed of more than 100km/s in the xenon, the radiation impact wave is generated by driving nanosecond laser beams in the xenon through the design of the impact target, the radiation impact wave with the speed of more than 100km/s in the xenon can be generated, and a radiation impact wave front image with obvious contrast is obtained; and the designed impact target has simple structure, simple steps for obtaining high-speed impact waves and lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an impact target of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the impact target of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a second perspective structural view of an impact target of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a radiographic image of the wavefront of the radiation shockwave of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1. a shock wave tube; 2. a shield case; 3. an annular metal sheet; 4. an ablation layer; 5. an air storage chamber; 6. a support member; 7. positioning a grid; 8. an inflation interface.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The invention is described below in one of its embodiments with reference to specific embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances. In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout is to include three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme in which both A and B are satisfied.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a radiation impact target includes an impact wave tube 1, a shield case 2, an annular metal sheet 3, an ablation layer 4, and an air reservoir 5; one end of the shock wave tube 1 is communicated with the air storage chamber 5, the other end of the shock wave tube is communicated with one end of the shielding case 2, and the other end of the shielding case 2 is open; the annular metal sheet 3 is arranged at one end part of the shock wave tube 1 connected with the shielding case 2, and the ablation layer 4 is arranged on the annular metal sheet 3. Nanosecond laser is loaded on the ablation layer 4, the heated substance is scattered backwards to generate a forward driving force, and the residual substance is driven to compress xenon gas in the shock wave tube 1 inwards, so that shock waves propagating into the shock wave tube 1 are generated. The annular metal sheet 3 filters the X-rays of the laser action target surface, and the shock wave tube 1 is prevented from being heated in advance. The shield 2 avoids interference of the remaining laser light with the measurement. The shock wave tube 1 constrains the shock wave to propagate within it. The air storage chamber 5 is used for increasing the total filling gas amount in the pipe and avoiding the influence of unstable filling gas on data.
Wherein, the air storage chamber 5 is provided with an air charging connector 8. Aerify interface 8 and be used for being connected with the gas tube when aerifing, want to pour into required xenon in the gas receiver 5, when aerifing the completion back, aerify interface 8 and close, avoid the gas in the gas receiver 5 to reveal from aerifing interface 8.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the positioning grid 7 is further included, the positioning grid 7 is arranged on the tube wall of the shock wave tube 1 or on the support member 6, and the positioning grid 7 only needs to be arranged along the length direction of the shock wave tube 1, so that the positioning grid can play a role in positioning the radiation shock wave front. The positioning grid 7 is used to determine the propagation position of the shock wave. The propagation velocity of the radiation shock wave can be obtained through the relative position of the wave front of the radiation shock wave and the positioning grid 7 and the relative delay of the X-ray source and the nanosecond laser pulse.
The shielding case 2 is a non-head hollow cone structure; one end of the top of the shielding case 2 is connected with the shock wave tube 1. The hollow cone structure has good shielding effect, and cannot influence the propagation of nanosecond laser and block the nanosecond laser from acting on the ablation layer 4.
In addition, the ablation layer 4 is a polyimide ablation layer 4. The shielding case 2 is made of tungsten; the annular metal sheet 3 is made of gold. The shock wave tube 1 is made of organic materials, the wall thickness is 45-55 micrometers, and the length is 1700-1900 micrometers.
The working principle is as follows:
nanosecond laser is loaded on the polyimide ablation layer 4, heated substances are scattered backwards to generate forward driving force, and the residual substances are driven to compress xenon gas in the shock wave tube 1 inwards, so that shock waves propagating into the shock wave tube 1 are generated. The annular metal sheet 3 filters X rays of a laser action target surface, and the shock wave tube 1 is prevented from being heated in advance. The shielding 2 avoids interference of the remaining laser light with the measurement. The shock wave tube 1 constrains shock waves to propagate therein. The air storage chamber 5 is used for increasing the total filling gas amount in the pipe and avoiding the influence of unstable filling gas on data. The positioning grid 7 is used to determine the propagation position of the shock wave. The polyimide ablation layer 4 reacts with nanosecond laser light to generate a radiation shock wave in the xenon-filled shock wave tube 1. The radiation shock wave propagation process can be radiographed using X-ray fluoroscopy techniques. The propagation velocity of the radiation shock wave can be obtained through the relative position of the wave front of the radiation shock wave and the positioning grid 7 and the relative delay of the X-ray source and the nanosecond laser pulse. As shown in FIG. 4, the dark regions of the X-ray fluoroscopic image are shock wave regions, the shock wave propagates from top to bottom, the figure is an image of the moment when the shock wave propagates for 12.35ns, the shock wave position is 1460.5 microns, and the average velocity of the propagation of the shock wave is calculated to be 118.3 km/s.
Example 2
The other structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that, the shock wave tube device further includes a support member 6 for preventing deformation of the shock wave tube 1, and the support member 6 is sleeved on the shock wave tube 1. The shock wave tube 1 is thin and long in wall, is made of organic materials and cannot be self-supported, and an organic supporting structure is needed to ensure that the structure of the shock wave tube is not changed; this embodiment establishes support piece 6 in shock wave pipe 1 overcoat, can play the support guard action to shock wave pipe 1, prevents to shock wave pipe 1 to take place deformation after the effect of receiving shock wave.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a method for generating a radiation shock wave with a velocity of 100km/s or more in xenon, using the ballistic target described in embodiment 1, which specifically includes the following steps:
filling xenon gas of 1-2 atm into a gas storage chamber 5 communicated with the shock wave tube 1 through a gas filling tube;
four beams of nanosecond laser with energy of 1.6 kJ-3.2 kJ, light spot diameter of 650 microns-740 microns, pulse of 0.5 ns-1.5 ns and wavelength of 0.3 microns-0.4 microns are used for acting on the ablation layer 4, the nanosecond laser is loaded on the ablation layer 4, heated substances fly backwards to generate forward driving force, and the residual substances are driven to compress xenon in the shock wave tube 1 inwards to generate shock waves transmitted into the shock wave tube 1;
as shown in fig. 4, a shock wave front image at a certain time is obtained by means of a fluoroscopy photography technique; obtaining the propagation speed of the radiation shock wave through the relative position of the wave front of the radiation shock wave and the positioning grid 7 and the relative delay of the X-ray source and the nanosecond laser pulse; the X-ray of nanosecond laser acting on the target surface is filtered through the annular metal sheet 3, and the interference of residual laser on measurement is prevented through the shielding case 2;
and analyzing the wave front image of the radiation shock wave to obtain the velocity of the radiation shock wave. As shown in fig. 4, four nanosecond lasers having an energy of 3.2kJ, a pulse of 1ns, a spot diameter of 700 μm, and a wavelength of 0.351 μm were applied to the ablation layer 4, the dark area using the X-ray perspective image was a shock wave area, the shock wave propagated from top to bottom, the image was an image of the moment when the shock wave propagated 12.35ns, the shock wave position was 1460.5 μm, and the average velocity of the shock wave propagation was calculated to be 118.3 km/s.
The method is a method for generating the radiation shock wave with the speed of more than 100km/s in the xenon, in short, the method is to utilize nanosecond laser beams to drive and generate the radiation shock wave in the xenon through the design of a shock target, and obtain a shock wave front image by utilizing an X-ray perspective photography technology; and then the propagation velocity of the radiation shock wave is obtained through image analysis.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A radiation impact target is characterized by comprising an impact wave tube (1), a shielding case (2), an annular metal sheet (3), an ablation layer (4) and an air storage chamber (5); one end of the shock wave tube (1) is communicated with the air storage chamber (5), the other end of the shock wave tube is communicated with one end of the shielding case (2), and the other end of the shielding case (2) is open; the annular metal sheet (3) is arranged at the end part of one end, connected with the shock wave tube (1) and the shielding case (2), of the shock wave tube, and the ablation layer (4) is arranged on the annular metal sheet (3).
2. The radiation shock target according to claim 1, further comprising a support member (6) for preventing deformation of the shock wave tube (1), wherein the support member (6) is sleeved on the shock wave tube (1).
3. The radiation impact target according to claim 2, characterized in that the air reservoir (5) is provided with an air filling connection (8).
4. The radiation shock target according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising a positioning grid (7), said positioning grid (7) being provided on the wall of the shock wave tube (1).
5. The radiation impact target according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said shielding can (2) is of a topless hollow cone configuration.
6. The radiation impact target according to claim 5, characterized in that the top end of the shielding (2) is connected to the impact wave tube (1).
7. The radiation impact target according to claim 5, characterized in that said ablation layer (4) is a polyimide ablation layer (4).
8. The radiation impact target according to claim 5, characterized in that said shielding (2) is made of tungsten; the annular metal sheet (3) is made of gold.
9. The radiation shock target according to claim 5, characterized in that the shock wave tube (1) is made of an organic material, having a wall thickness of 45-55 microns and a length of 1700-1900 microns.
10. A method of generating a radiation shock wave in xenon at a velocity of 100km/s or more, using a radiation shock target according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
filling xenon gas of 1-2 atm into a gas storage chamber (5) communicated with the shock wave tube (1) through a gas filling tube;
four beams of nanosecond laser with energy of 1.6 kJ-3.2 kJ, light spot diameter of 650 microns-750 microns, pulse of 0.5 ns-1.5 ns and wavelength of 0.3 microns-0.4 microns are used for acting on the ablation layer (4), the nanosecond laser is loaded on the ablation layer (4), the heated substance is scattered backwards to generate forward driving force, and the residual substance is driven to compress xenon in the shock wave tube (1) inwards to generate shock wave propagating into the shock wave tube (1);
obtaining a shock wave front image at a certain moment by utilizing an X-ray perspective photography technology; obtaining the propagation speed of the radiation shock wave through the relative position of the wave front of the radiation shock wave and the positioning grid (7) and the relative delay of the X-ray source and the nanosecond laser pulse; the X-ray of nanosecond laser acting on the target surface is filtered through the annular metal sheet (3), and the interference of residual laser on measurement is prevented through the shielding cover (2);
and analyzing the wave front image of the radiation shock wave to obtain the velocity of the radiation shock wave.
CN202210068528.7A 2022-01-20 2022-01-20 Radiation impact target and method for generating radiation impact wave with speed of more than 100km/s in xenon Pending CN114577822A (en)

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