CN114576244B - Bending-resistant bolt connecting device for wind generating set and mounting method - Google Patents

Bending-resistant bolt connecting device for wind generating set and mounting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114576244B
CN114576244B CN202210218262.XA CN202210218262A CN114576244B CN 114576244 B CN114576244 B CN 114576244B CN 202210218262 A CN202210218262 A CN 202210218262A CN 114576244 B CN114576244 B CN 114576244B
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Prior art keywords
bolt
piece
hole
diameter
taper hole
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CN114576244A (en
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崔新维
崔逸南
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Beijing Sanli Xinneng Science & Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Sanli Xinneng Science & Technology Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a bending-resistant bolt connecting device for a wind generating set and an installation method. The bolt connecting device consists of a bolt, a tightening piece and a connected piece. At least two connected pieces are reserved with bolt holes. The fastening piece adopts a split structure and is composed of at least two parts. The tightening piece can wrap part of the screw rod of the bolt. At least one connected piece is provided with a stepped hole, the stepped hole consists of a large-diameter taper hole and a small-diameter hole, the small-diameter hole is a part of a bolt hole, and the fastening piece can be placed in the large-diameter taper hole. According to the invention, the clamping piece is arranged in the large-diameter taper hole, so that the deformation of a part of the polish rod of the bolt after being loaded is limited, the effect of bending moment load on the protected thread is greatly reduced, and the bolt connection after stress concentration is eliminated becomes more reliable.

Description

Bending-resistant bolt connecting device for wind generating set and mounting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to a bending-resistant bolt connecting device for a wind generating set and an installation method.
Background
The wind generating set belongs to large-scale rotary machinery, and is required to bear loads such as wind power, centrifugal force, gravity and the like while continuously generating electric energy in a life cycle. The most common and reliable mechanical part connection mode in the wind turbine generator is bolt connection. Due to the operational characteristics of wind power plants, most bolts in the carrier have to withstand the bending moment load.
The modern wind generating set has obvious large trend, and the whole load is continuously improved due to the increase of the impeller diameter and rated power. The new requirement is put forward on the bearing capacity of the bolts, and accident layers caused by the fracture of the bolts in the industry are endless, for example, the bolts for connecting the blade root and the hub are the parts with the largest occurrence times of the fracture of the bolts.
The most straightforward solution is to increase the load carrying capacity of the bolt itself, but this approach is costly and inefficient. Enterprises in the wind power industry including multiple manufacturers of complete machines and manufacturers of blades develop detection technology for bolt loading conditions. The method has high complexity and high cost, and the problem is not solved fundamentally, and once dangerous working conditions occur, the fracture of the bolts cannot be avoided.
The root cause of the bolt fracture is the stress concentration of the threaded portion due to the additional bending moment experienced. If the bending moment load born by the threads of the bolt cannot be avoided, the loading condition of the threads must be relieved, and local stress concentration is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, a first object of the present invention is to provide a bending-resistant bolting device for wind power plants, which is capable of meeting the specific load requirements of the wind power plants in operation. The screw thread can be protected from being loaded, and the reliability of the bolt connection of key mechanical parts is improved.
The invention further aims to provide an installation method of the bending-resistant bolt connection device for the wind generating set, which simplifies the installation difficulty and ensures the connection reliability of mechanical parts of the wind generating set.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a wind generating set, which solves the problem that key components in the conventional wind generating set, such as blades and yaw bolts, are easy to break after being loaded, so that the wind generating set cannot work normally, and other problems of economic loss are caused.
To achieve the above object, a first aspect provides a bending bolt connection for a wind power generator set,
the connecting device comprises a bolt, a tightening piece and a connected piece; at least two connected pieces are arranged, and bolt holes are reserved in the connected pieces; the fastening piece adopts a split structure and is composed of at least two parts; the clamping piece can wrap part of the screw rod of the bolt, and the bolt is a double-end stud or a single-end stud; at least one connected piece is provided with a stepped hole, the stepped hole comprises a large-diameter taper hole and a small-diameter hole, the small-diameter hole is a part of the bolt hole, and the clamping piece can be placed in the large-diameter taper hole;
the clamping piece is arranged near the contact surfaces of the two connected pieces; the depth of the large-diameter taper hole is larger than the thickness of the tightening piece along the axial direction of the bolt.
The bolt is a double-end stud, and the pretightening force of the bolt can be adjusted through a nut.
In a further technical scheme, the part of the screw wrapped by the tightening piece is a cylindrical screw; the diameter of the section of the large-diameter taper hole, which is close to the contact surface of the two connected pieces, is larger than the diameter of the other section of the large-diameter taper hole.
In a further technical scheme, an elastic element is arranged between the contact surfaces of the clamping piece and the two connected pieces.
The bolt is a single-head stud, the pretightening force of the bolt can be adjusted through a nut, a screw rod at one end of the bolt without threads is a conical screw rod, and the rest screw rods are cylindrical screw rods.
In a further technical scheme, the diameter of the section of the large-diameter taper hole, which is close to the contact surface of the two connected pieces, is smaller than the diameter of the other section of the large-diameter taper hole; the clamping piece is in direct contact with the two connected pieces after the bolt bears the pretightening force.
In a further technical scheme, the bolt hole of one connected piece is a cylindrical unthreaded hole, and the conical screw of the bolt can be partially or completely placed in the cylindrical unthreaded hole.
In a second aspect, a wind power plant is provided, comprising a bending-resistant bolting device according to the first aspect.
In a third aspect, there is provided a method for installing a bending-resistant bolting device for a wind turbine generator system, comprising the steps of:
s1, aligning the bolt holes of the connected piece;
s2, wrapping the tightening piece on a cylindrical screw rod of the bolt;
s3, placing the tightening piece into a large-diameter taper hole of the stepped hole, and placing or screwing the screw into the small-diameter hole;
s4, applying pretightening force to the bolt through the nut, so that the tightening piece is attached to the connected piece or attached to the elastic element.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the non-threaded part of the bolt is wrapped by the clamping piece placed in the stepped hole of the connected piece, when the bending moment load is transmitted to the bolt by the connected piece, the bolt is deformed in tension, and due to the limitation of the clamping piece, the bending moment load borne by the end face of the bolt connected with the connected piece is greatly reduced, the stress concentration is reduced, and the reliability of the bolt connection is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bending bolt connection device for a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of a bending bolt connection device for a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a clamping member of a bending bolt connection device for a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison diagram of a stepped hole scheme of a bending-resistant bolt connection device for a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a comparison of bolt schemes of a bending-resistant bolt connection device for a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an installation effect of a bending bolt connection device for a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a second schematic diagram illustrating the installation effect of a bending bolt connection device for a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an installation procedure of a bending bolt connection device for a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. bolt, 1.1, nut, 1.2, screw thread, 1.3, cylindrical screw, 1.4, conical screw, 2, hoop spare, 2.1, hoop spare first part, 2.2, hoop spare second part, 3, by the connecting piece, 3.1, by connecting piece one, 3.2, by connecting piece two, 3.3, by the connecting piece contact surface, 4, the shoulder hole, 4.1, major diameter taper hole, 4.2, minor diameter hole, 5, elastic element, 6, bearing.
It is noted that the above-described figures are for illustrating features of the present invention and are not intended to show any actual structure or reflect the dimensions, relative proportions, etc. of the various elements. The examples in the figures have been simplified in order to more clearly illustrate the principles of the present invention and to avoid obscuring the principles of the present invention in unnecessary detail. These illustrations do not present any inconvenience to the person skilled in the relevant art in understanding the invention, whereas the actual bending-resistant bolting means for wind power plants may comprise more components.
Description of the embodiments
For the purpose of making the objects and technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be fully described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. This patent describes only a few, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the wind turbine slewing bearing connection scheme (such as pitch slewing bearing or yaw slewing bearing) is shown in cross section, and the roller bearing 6 is located between the rotating ring and the fixed ring. The bending-resistant bolt connecting device mainly comprises a bolt 1, a clamping piece 2 and a connected piece 3. The number of connected elements 3 is generally two-connected element one 3.1 and connected element two 3.2, and a similar method can be applied to the three-connected-element embodiment. The bolt holes are reserved in the connected piece 3, and the bolt holes can be smooth holes or threaded bolt holes. The first 3.1 and second 3.2 members need to be mated, but the hole diameters of the bolt holes may not be uniform.
The grip element 2 is of a split construction, and may be made of a metallic material, and in some embodiments is made up of two parts (as shown in fig. 3) -a first grip element part 2.1 and a second grip element part 2.2. The clamping piece 2 can wrap part of the screw rod of the bolt 1, and a certain gap is reserved between the first part 2.1 of the clamping piece and the second part 2.2 of the clamping piece after the clamping piece 2 wraps part of the screw rod of the bolt 1. These clearances provide room for elastic deformation of the first part 2.1 of the tightening element and the second part 2.2 of the tightening element when the bolt is subjected to load, such as a transverse force or bending moment.
At least one of the first and second members 3.1, 3.2 is provided with a stepped bore 4, the stepped bore 4 comprising a large diameter tapered bore 4.1 and a small diameter bore 4.2. Wherein the small diameter hole 4.2 essentially is a part of the previously mentioned reserved bolt hole of the connected piece 3. The dimensions of the tightening piece 2 and the dimensions of the large diameter cone opening 4.1 form a certain mating relationship such that the tightening piece 2 can be placed in the large diameter cone opening 4.2.
The technical proposal is characterized in that: a large-diameter taper hole 4.1 is formed on the basis of a reserved bolt hole of a connected piece, and a polished rod part of a conventional double-ended stud or a single-ended stud is not in direct contact with the bolt hole. According to the scheme, the clamping piece 2 is arranged in the large-diameter taper hole 4.1, part of the polish rod of the bolt 1 is wrapped by the clamping piece, and the clamping piece 2 is tightly attached to the large-diameter taper hole 4.1 (through the large-diameter taper hole 4.1 and the wedge-shaped principle) to limit deformation of a part of the polish rod of the bolt after being loaded.
The technical scheme has the advantages that: the bolt polish rod adjacent to the protected thread is controlled to deform under load, so that the effect of bending moment load on the protected thread is greatly reduced, and the bolt connection after stress concentration is eliminated becomes more reliable.
The depth of the large-diameter taper hole 4.1 is larger than the thickness of the fastening piece 2 along the axial direction of the bolt 1, namely after the fastening piece is placed into the large-diameter taper hole 4.1, a gap is necessarily reserved between the lower surface of the fastening piece 2 and the ground of the large-diameter taper hole 4.1 after the upper surface of the fastening piece 2 is attached to the lower surface of the connected piece 3.1, and particularly after the bolt 1 is applied with pretightening force. The reason for this arrangement is: the key point of this scheme is that need guarantee the circumference laminating of hoop 2's circumference surface and major diameter taper hole 4.1, in order not to take place the hyperstatic problem, the laminating of one end can only be controlled to hoop 2's upper and lower surface.
The present invention provides two possible solutions for the connection means. The first scheme is as follows:
as shown in left diagrams of fig. 1 and 4, the bolt 1 adopts a double-end stud, the upper end and the lower end of the bolt are both provided with threads 1.2, and bolt holes reserved on the first connecting piece 3.1 and the second connecting piece 3.2 are both provided with threads. The bolt 1 is preloaded by adjusting the nut 1.1.
As shown in the left diagram of fig. 3 and in fig. 1, the cross-sectional diameter of the large-diameter tapered hole 4.1 near the contact surface 3.3 of the first connected member 3.1 and the second connected member 3.2 is larger than the diameter of the other cross-section of the large-diameter tapered hole 4.1. That is, in the sectional view, the large diameter tapered hole 4.1 is an "inverted trapezoid", the lower side of which is longer than the upper side. As shown in the left view of fig. 4 and in fig. 1, the part of the screw wrapped by the tightening piece 2 is a cylindrical screw 1.3.
In the foregoing description, mention is made of: the key point of this scheme is that need guarantee the circumference laminating of hoop 2's circumference surface and major diameter taper hole 4.1, in order not to take place the hyperstatic problem, the laminating of one end can only be controlled to hoop 2's upper and lower surface. In order to control the engagement of the upper surface of the clamping element 2 with the lower surface of the first connected element 3.1, an elastic element 5 is provided between the clamping element and the contact surfaces 3.3 of the two connected elements, as shown in fig. 1. In some embodiments, the elastic element 5 may be a spring or rubber. Because of the presence of the elastic element 5, the tendency of the tightening piece 2 to go upwards after the application of the pretension to the bolt 1 by the adjusting nut 1.1 is suppressed, ensuring the circumferential abutment of the circumferential surface of the tightening piece 2 with the circumferential abutment of the large diameter conical bore 4.1 and also ensuring the wrapping of the tightening piece 2 around the cylindrical screw 1.3.
The present invention provides a second solution of two kinds of connection means:
as shown in the right diagrams of fig. 2 and 4, the bolt 1 is a single-head stud, the upper ends of the stud are provided with threads 1.2, the lower ends of the stud are conical screws, the screw is not provided with threads, and the rest of the screws are cylindrical screws 1.3. The reserved bolt hole on the first connecting piece 3.1 is provided with threads, and the reserved bolt hole on the second connecting piece 3.2 is a unthreaded hole.
As shown in the right view of fig. 3 and fig. 1, the cross-sectional diameter of the large-diameter tapered hole 4.1 near the contact surface 3.3 of the first connected member 3.1 and the second connected member 3.2 is smaller than the diameter of the other cross-section of the large-diameter tapered hole 4.1. That is, in the sectional view, the large diameter tapered hole 4.1 is a "right trapezoid", the upper side of which is longer than the lower side. The clamping piece is in direct contact with the two connected pieces after the bolt bears the pretightening force.
As shown in fig. 2 and 6, the bolt hole reserved by the connecting piece 3.2 is a cylindrical light hole, and the conical screw 1.4 of the bolt 1 may be partially placed in the small diameter hole 4.2 (cylindrical light hole), and in some embodiments, the conical screw 1.4 may be fully placed in the small diameter hole 4.2 (cylindrical light hole). The diameter of the section of the large-diameter taper hole 4.1 close to the contact surface 3.3 of the first connected piece 3.1 and the second connected piece 3.2 is smaller than that of the other section of the large-diameter taper hole 4.1. When the fastening piece 2 is placed in the large-diameter taper hole 4.1, the fastening piece 2 needs to be wrapped on the cylindrical screw rod 1.3, and the size of the large-diameter taper hole 4.1 and the size of the fastening piece 2 need to be matched. If the clamping element 2 is wrapped around the conical screw 1.4 during insertion, it cannot be inserted due to the dimensions.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, after the tightening piece 2 is placed in the large-diameter taper hole 4.1, since the bolt hole of the connected piece 3.2 is not threaded, that is, the small-diameter taper hole 4.2 is not threaded, when the nut 1.1 is adjusted, the bolt 1 naturally moves upward (that is, moves toward the connected piece 3.1), and after the bolt 1 moves upward to a certain extent, the bolt 1 starts to bear the pre-tightening force due to the cooperation and limitation of the tightening piece 2, the large-diameter taper hole 4.1 and the taper screw 1.4. Finally, the connection of the first connected piece 3.1 and the second connected piece 3.2 is completed.
In the second scheme, as one end of the bolt 1 is not provided with threads, the problem of stress concentration in the conventional double-end stud is also solved, the bending resistance of the bolt 1 is skillfully improved from another angle, and the reliability of bolt connection is improved.
As shown in fig. 8, the method for installing the bending-resistant bolting means comprises the steps of:
s1, aligning bolt holes of a first connected piece 3.1 and a second connected piece 3.2;
s2, wrapping the tightening piece 2 on a cylindrical screw 1.3 of the bolt 1, and reducing the radial maximum size of the tightening piece 2;
s3, placing the clamping piece 2 into a large-diameter taper hole 4.1 of the stepped hole 4, and placing or screwing the bolt 1 into a small-diameter hole 4.2 (scheme II);
s4, applying pretightening force to the bolt 1 through the nut 1.1, so that the fastening piece 2 is attached to the connected piece II 3.2 or attached to the elastic element 5 (scheme I).
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by "up, down", etc. in terms are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first, second, or first, second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "mounted, connected, coupled" and the like in this application are to be construed broadly and construed, unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined, such as: can be fixed connection, detachable connection or integral connection; it may also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a direct connection, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be a communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims (3)

1. A bending-resistant bolt connecting device for a wind generating set is characterized in that:
the connecting device comprises a bolt, a tightening piece and a connected piece; at least two connected pieces are arranged, and bolt holes are reserved in the connected pieces; the fastening piece adopts a split structure and is composed of at least two parts; the clamping piece can wrap part of the screw rod of the bolt; at least one connected piece is provided with a stepped hole, the stepped hole comprises a large-diameter taper hole and a small-diameter hole, the small-diameter hole is a part of the bolt hole, and the clamping piece can be placed in the large-diameter taper hole; the clamping piece is arranged near the contact surfaces of the two connected pieces; the depth of the large-diameter taper hole is larger than the thickness of the tightening piece along the axial direction of the bolt; the bolt is a double-end stud or a single-end stud, and the pretightening force of the bolt can be adjusted through a nut;
when the bolt is a double-end stud, the part of the screw wrapped by the tightening piece is a cylindrical screw; the diameter of the section of the large-diameter taper hole, which is close to the contact surface of the two connected pieces, is larger than the diameter of the other section of the large-diameter taper hole; an elastic element is arranged between the contact surfaces of the clamping piece and the two connected pieces;
when the bolt is a single-head stud, a screw rod at one end of the bolt without threads is a conical screw rod, and the rest screw rods are cylindrical screw rods; the diameter of the section of the large-diameter taper hole, which is close to the contact surface of the two connected pieces, is smaller than the diameter of the other section of the large-diameter taper hole; the clamping piece is in direct contact with the two connected pieces after the bolt bears the pretightening force; the bolt hole of one connected piece is a cylindrical unthreaded hole, and the conical screw of the bolt can be partially or completely placed in the cylindrical unthreaded hole.
2. A wind power generation set, characterized in that the wind power generation set comprises a bending bolt connection device for a wind power generation set according to claim 1.
3. A method for installing a bending bolt connection device for a wind power generator set, characterized in that the method is based on a bending bolt connection device for a wind power generator set according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, aligning the bolt holes of the connected piece;
s2, wrapping the tightening piece on a cylindrical screw rod of the bolt;
s3, placing the tightening piece into a large-diameter taper hole of the stepped hole, and placing or screwing the screw into the small-diameter hole;
s4, applying pretightening force to the bolt through the nut, so that the tightening piece is attached to the connected piece or attached to the elastic element.
CN202210218262.XA 2022-03-08 2022-03-08 Bending-resistant bolt connecting device for wind generating set and mounting method Active CN114576244B (en)

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CN114576244B true CN114576244B (en) 2023-09-15

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CN202690703U (en) * 2012-08-06 2013-01-23 安徽理工大学 Sphere-cone-shaped gasket used for drilling machine drill rod bolt connection
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DE102020100969A1 (en) * 2020-01-16 2021-07-22 Man Energy Solutions Se Tie rod connection of components
CN112814837A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-05-18 东方电气风电有限公司 Wind turbine generator system bolted connection structure, blade root structure, wind turbine blade and unit
CN113389818A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-14 北京三力新能科技有限公司 Bolt connection mode for slewing bearing

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