CN114573995B - Preparation method of elastic buffer body taking corn stalks as biological templates - Google Patents
Preparation method of elastic buffer body taking corn stalks as biological templates Download PDFInfo
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- CN114573995B CN114573995B CN202210239721.2A CN202210239721A CN114573995B CN 114573995 B CN114573995 B CN 114573995B CN 202210239721 A CN202210239721 A CN 202210239721A CN 114573995 B CN114573995 B CN 114573995B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
- B65D65/466—Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2565/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D2565/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D2565/381—Details of packaging materials of special type or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
- C08K2003/168—Zinc halides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an elastic buffer body taking corn stalks as biological templates, which comprises the steps of cutting and peeling air-dried corn stalks to obtain the corn stalks, extracting by adopting n-pentane, air-drying the extracted corn stalks, and spraying ZnCl onto the surface of a dried raw material 2 And (4) a DMSO solution, taking out the treated sample after the reaction is finished, air-drying the sample, and drying the sample to obtain the elastic buffer body with the natural corn stalk structure. The elastic buffer body prepared after treatment can be used as a vibration-proof buffer gasket material for objects to be transported, has biodegradability and belongs to a novel green packaging material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a process for preparing an elastic buffer body by using agricultural solid waste, namely corn stalks as biological templates; belongs to the technical field of biomass-based packaging materials.
Background
With the rapid development of the internet industry, more and more consumers can select a more convenient shopping path of online shopping. Meanwhile, the express delivery industry is rapidly developed along with the rise of the network business industry. In China, a large amount of foamed plastics are used as anti-vibration buffer gasket materials for packaging of a plurality of electronic products, household appliances, mechanical products, instruments and the like, and most of the commonly used foamed plastics are high-molecular chemical compositions and have the defects of large volume, difficult recovery and high regeneration economic cost. The wastes cannot be naturally degraded, the environment is seriously polluted by incineration treatment, and the wastes are the main sources of white pollution, and the vibration-proof buffer gasket materials are mostly prepared by using non-renewable petroleum resources as raw materials, and a great deal of harm is also generated in the preparation process, namely the materials can seriously pollute the environment in the production and waste treatment processes.
Corn is one of the main crops in China, and the annual output of the corn straw serving as a byproduct is nearly 2.2 hundred million tons. A large amount of corn straws are abandoned in the ground or are burnt on the spot, which wastes the environment and causes pollution at the same time. Therefore, the utilization of such agricultural wastes for environmental protection and increasing the income of growers have been important issues in the field of natural polymer research. At present, the cornstalk bark has been used as a fiber raw material in the pulping and papermaking industry due to the higher cellulose content and the lower lignin content. However, the corn stalks are mostly short, thin-walled and fragile non-fibrous cells (or called hybrid cells) as constituent cells, so that the application of the corn stalks in the fiber industry is severely limited, and the comprehensive utilization value of the corn stalks is greatly reduced. Although a small part of corn stalks has been developed and used in the feed processing or alcohol fermentation industry, the corn stalks are limited by their characteristics and transformation technology, and are not applied industrially on a large scale at present.
The green packaging material is a material which does not cause harm to the environment and human bodies in the whole process of preparation, production, use and abandonment, saves resources, has low production energy consumption, can be rapidly and naturally degraded or recycled after being abandoned, does not damage ecological balance, has wide source as far as possible, is easy to recycle and has high recycling rate. Most of the green packaging materials developed or under research and development at present are biomass-based packaging materials with degradable performance, such as starch foaming materials, protein foaming materials and the like. Most of the cost of the biomass foam is far higher than that of petroleum-based foam, so the materials are difficult to popularize due to high price, strict treatment condition requirements and incapability of degrading by one hundred percent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an elastic buffer body taking corn stalks as biological templates, and ZnCl is used in the preparation method 2 DMSO solvent system destroys part of cellulose intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogenThe bond is used for reducing the hardness of the corn stalk so as to realize the biomass-based elastic buffer body.
The method of the invention utilizes corn straws which are rich in resources but shallow in development depth as raw materials, peels and transversely cuts the prepared materials, but maintains the three-dimensional structure of the corn straws, then performs n-pentane extraction, and sprays ZnCl on the surfaces of the air-dried straws 2 After the DMSO solution is adopted, the corn straw elastic buffer product is prepared, the application field of the corn straw is further expanded, and the application additional value of the corn straw is improved.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Performing skin-stalk separation on the air-dried corn straws, cutting the corn straws, cleaning with clear water, and air-drying to obtain a straw raw material;
controlling the water content of the air-dried straw within the range of 2 to 15 percent;
(2) Extracting a straw raw material by using n-pentane, soaking and washing the straw raw material in clear water, and freeze-drying;
the n-pentane extraction is adopted, namely 5-15g of straw stalk raw material is put into an extraction cylinder of a soxhlet extractor, 200-2000 mL of n-pentane is then added into the soxhlet extractor, the mixture is placed on a water bath for heating, the water bath temperature is adjusted until an extract liquid is boiled, the boiling rate is not less than 4 times of circulation in the soxhlet extractor per hour, and the straw stalk is taken out after repeated extraction is carried out for 8-12h;
(3) ZnCl is sprayed on the surface of the dry straw stalk 2 A DMSO solution is moved to a thermostatic chamber with the temperature of 20 to 30 ℃ for reaction for 20 to 40min after the surface of the straw stalk is completely soaked, and is moved to a ventilated place for air drying after the reaction is finished, so that the elastic buffer body taking the corn straw stalk as the biological template is obtained;
the ZnCl 2 the-DMSO solution is prepared by dissolving anhydrous ZnCl in DMSO at 60-80 deg.C 2 The prepared liquid with the concentration of 0.2 to 0.7 mol/L;
(3) Preparation of straw stalk elastic buffer
Dissolving anhydrous ZnCl in DMSO at a temperature of 60 to 80 DEG C 2 Adjusting the concentration to 0.2 to 0.7 mol.L -1 Using ZnCl prepared at 20 to 30 DEG C 2 Spraying the straw stalk extracted by n-pentane with a-DMSO solution until the surface of the straw stalk is completeAfter being soaked by the solution, the straw is moved to a constant temperature chamber of 20 to 30 ℃ for full reaction, then the straw is moved to a ventilated place for drying, and the straw is sealed, dried and stored, so that the corn straw is used as an elastic buffer body of a biological template.
ZnCl used in the invention 2 The DMSO solution destroys the hydrogen bonding between the original hydroxyl groups by chemical reaction or dipole force action with the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose molecular chain, so that the rigid chain action of the cellulose is weakened or even eliminated;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
agricultural waste corn stalks are used as elastic matrix, low molecular organic esters in the corn stalks are removed by using n-pentane extraction, and ZnCl is sprayed on the treated sample 2 After reaction, the elasticity of the corn stalks can be obviously enhanced by the DMSO solution, and the elastic buffer body which takes the corn stalks as a biological template is obtained. The elastic buffer body taking the corn stalks as the biological template not only has the common characteristic that most natural polymer base materials are easy to degrade, but also has good elasticity and rebound resilience in the using process, and can play a role of a vibration-proof buffer gasket when articles such as household appliances, mechanical products, instruments and the like are packaged. Meanwhile, the elastic buffer material has the advantages of excellent elasticity, biodegradability, environmental friendliness, simple preparation process, low cost and the like, is a novel and green functional material, and the preparation scheme of the elastic buffer material provides a feasible scheme for the high-added-value comprehensive utilization of the corn straws.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the methods used in the examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents used therein are all conventional reagents unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: the preparation method of the elastic buffer body with the corn stalk as the template comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of corn straw
Air-drying corn straws to obtain the water content of 2%, selecting straws without worm damage and mildew spots, manually cutting the straws into straw sections with the length of 1-2cm, separating skin and stalk of the straw sections, selecting straw stalks with complete structures and the diameters of 5-10mm, cleaning with clear water, and air-drying to obtain the raw materials of the straw stalks;
(2) Extraction of corn stalk
Weighing 5g of straw stalk raw material, putting the raw material into an extraction cylinder of a Soxhlet extractor, then adding 200mL of n-pentane into the Soxhlet extractor, putting the mixture on a water bath for heating, adjusting the temperature of the water bath to boil the extraction solution at a boiling rate of 5 times in circulation in the Soxhlet extractor per hour, repeatedly extracting for 8 hours, then taking out the straw stalk, soaking and washing the straw stalk raw material in clear water, and freeze-drying the straw stalk raw material;
(3) Preparation of straw elastic buffer
Dissolving anhydrous ZnCl in DMSO at 60 deg.C 2 To obtain a liquid with a concentration of 0.2mol/L, at 20 ℃ using ZnCl 2 Spraying the straw in the step (2) with a DMSO solution, moving the straw to a constant temperature chamber at 20 ℃ after the surface of the straw is completely soaked by the solution, reacting for 20 min, moving the straw to a ventilated place, drying, sealing, drying and storing, so that the corn straw is an elastic buffer of a biological template;
(4) Test of compression resilience performance of straw stalk elastic buffer
Measuring the size of the corn straw stalk elastic buffer body to be detected under the conditions of 25 ℃ and relative humidity not greater than 80%, fixing the measured corn straw stalk elastic buffer body on a tensile machine, setting the working direction of the tensile machine as compression, setting the stop condition of the compression as pressure reaching 10N, performing a cycle experiment for 100 times, and measuring the size of the elastic buffer body after removing the external force for 100 times;
experiments prove that the elastic buffer body prepared by the embodiment has ideal elasticity, resilience and fatigue resistance, and can still rebound quickly after the external force is removed for the 100 th time, and can still rebound to 87.61% of the original size in the test direction.
Example 2: the preparation method of the elastic buffer body with the corn stalk as the template comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of corn straw
Air-drying corn straws, wherein the water content of the air-dried corn straws is 8.5%, selecting straws without worm damage and mildew spots, manually cutting the straws into straw sections with the length of 2-3cm, separating the skins and the stalks of the straw sections, selecting the straws with complete structures and the diameter of 15-20mm, cleaning with clear water, and air-drying to obtain qualified raw materials;
(2) Extraction of corn stalk
Weighing 10g of qualified straw, putting the qualified straw into an extraction cylinder of a soxhlet extractor, then adding 1100mL of n-pentane into the soxhlet extractor, putting the soxhlet extractor on a water bath for heating, adjusting the temperature of the water bath to boil the extracting solution, circulating the extracting solution in the soxhlet extractor 7 times per hour at a boiling rate, repeatedly extracting for 10 hours, taking out the straw, soaking and washing the straw in clean water, and freeze-drying;
(3) Preparation of straw elastic buffer
Dissolving anhydrous ZnCl in DMSO at 70 deg.C 2 To obtain a liquid with a concentration of 0.45mol/L, at 25 ℃ using ZnCl 2 Spraying the straw extracted by n-pentane with a DMSO solution, moving the straw to a thermostatic chamber at 25 ℃ after the surface of the straw is completely soaked by the solution, allowing the straw to fully react for 30 min, moving the straw to a ventilated place, drying, sealing, drying and storing, so that the corn straw is an elastic buffer of a biological template;
(4) Test of compression resilience performance of straw stalk elastic buffer
Measuring the size of the corn straw stalk elastic buffer body to be detected under the conditions of temperature of 25 ℃ and relative humidity not greater than 80%, fixing the measured corn straw stalk elastic buffer body to a tensile machine, setting the working direction of the tensile machine as compression, setting the stop condition of the compression as pressure reaching 10N, performing a cycle experiment for 100 times, and measuring the size of the elastic buffer body after removing external force for 100 times;
experiments prove that the elastic buffer body prepared by the embodiment has ideal elasticity, rebound resilience and fatigue resistance. After the external force is removed at the 100 th time, the elastic buffer body still can rebound rapidly and can still rebound to 91.13% of the original size in the testing direction.
Example 3: the preparation method of the elastic buffer body with the corn stalk as the template comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of corn straw
Air-drying corn straws to obtain the water content of 15%, selecting straws without worm damage and mildew spots, manually cutting the straws into straw sections with the length of 1-3cm, separating skin and stalk of the straw sections, selecting straw stalks with complete structures and the diameter of 20-25mm, cleaning with clear water, and air-drying to obtain qualified raw materials;
(2) Extraction of corn stalk
Weighing 15g of qualified straw stalks, putting the qualified straw stalks into an extraction cylinder of a soxhlet extractor, then adding 2000mL of n-pentane into the soxhlet extractor, putting the soxhlet extractor on a water bath for heating, adjusting the temperature of the water bath to boil the extraction solution, wherein the boiling rate is 9 times of circulation in the soxhlet extractor per hour, repeatedly extracting for 12 hours, then taking out the straw stalks, soaking and washing the straw stalks in clean water, and freeze-drying the straw stalks;
(3) Preparation of straw elastic buffer
Dissolving anhydrous ZnCl in DMSO at 80 deg.C 2 To obtain a liquid with a concentration of 0.7mol/L, at 30 ℃, using ZnCl 2 Spraying the straw extracted by n-pentane with a DMSO solution, moving the straw to a constant temperature chamber at 30 ℃ after the surface of the straw is completely soaked by the solution, allowing the straw to fully react for 40min, moving the straw to a ventilated place, drying, sealing, drying and storing, so that the corn straw is an elastic buffer of a biological template;
(4) Test of compression resilience performance of straw stalk elastic buffer
Measuring the size of the corn straw stalk elastic buffer body to be detected under the conditions of temperature of 25 ℃ and relative humidity not greater than 80%, fixing the measured corn straw stalk elastic buffer body to a tensile machine, setting the working direction of the tensile machine as compression, setting the stop condition of the compression as pressure reaching 10N, performing a cycle experiment for 100 times, and measuring the size of the elastic buffer body after removing external force for 100 times;
experiments prove that the elastic buffer body prepared by the embodiment has ideal elasticity, rebound resilience and fatigue resistance. After the external force is removed for the 100 th time, the elastic buffer body still can rebound rapidly and can still rebound to 90.19% of the original size in the testing direction.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of an elastic buffer body taking corn stalks as biological templates is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Separating skin from stalk of the air-dried corn straws, cutting the corn straws, cleaning with clear water and air-drying to obtain a raw material of the corn straws;
(2) Extracting the stalk raw material by using n-pentane, soaking and washing the stalk raw material in clear water, and freeze-drying the stalk raw material;
the n-pentane extraction is adopted, namely 5-15g of straw stalk raw material is put into an extraction cylinder of a soxhlet extractor, 200-2000 mL of n-pentane is then added into the soxhlet extractor, the mixture is placed on a water bath for heating, the water bath temperature is adjusted until an extract liquid is boiled, the boiling rate is not less than 4 times of circulation in the soxhlet extractor per hour, and the straw stalk is taken out after repeated extraction is carried out for 8-12h;
(3) ZnCl is sprayed on the surface of the dry straw stalk 2 A DMSO solution is moved to a constant temperature chamber of 20 to 30 ℃ for reaction after the surface of the straw stalk is completely soaked, and then moved to a ventilated place for air drying after the reaction is finished, so that the elastic buffer body taking the corn straw stalk as a biological template is obtained;
the Zn Cl 2 the-DMSO solution is prepared by dissolving anhydrous ZnCl in DMSO at 60-80 deg.C 2 The concentration of the prepared liquid is 0.2 to 0.7 mol/L.
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