CN114573453A - 一种选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法 - Google Patents
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- BDVAPCAHRXXXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-o-methyl 4-o-phenyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BDVAPCAHRXXXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229960002297 fenofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YUYFMDXTTNCFJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,4-diacetyloxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=C1OC(C)=O YUYFMDXTTNCFJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPIIWDZVYIYQGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,5-diacetyloxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(OC(C)=O)=CC=C1OC(C)=O NPIIWDZVYIYQGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVHJKRQXHIMCTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-acetyloxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(OC(C)=O)=C1 QVHJKRQXHIMCTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKHLWWUNXPXTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-benzoyloxybenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YKHLWWUNXPXTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQJVXCIYYQAIKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3-bis(methylsulfanyl)prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CSC(SC)=CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 IQJVXCIYYQAIKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGMYCWFGNSXLMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-acetyloxybenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 NGMYCWFGNSXLMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDPCDSVIGNIWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 HDPCDSVIGNIWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCMJJGWRVSLYLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenoxycarbonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 SCMJJGWRVSLYLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVERWTXKKWSSHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propan-2-yloxybenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ZVERWTXKKWSSHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWIIVLKQFJBFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaminosalol Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)C)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O TWIIVLKQFJBFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBRWCJQBIKIQLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride;methanol Chemical compound OC.CC(Cl)=O KBRWCJQBIKIQLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Al](Cl)Cl JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- MQOBSOSZFYZQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenofibric acid Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MQOBSOSZFYZQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IDMLDXZUAAEQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxy)benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 IDMLDXZUAAEQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNHXTCZZACTEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-ethoxybenzoate Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 RNHXTCZZACTEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROEMZKPINYTSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-propan-2-yloxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(C)C)C=C1 ROEMZKPINYTSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/28—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/29—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/22—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C231/24—Separation; Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/09—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/313—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of doubly bound oxygen containing functional groups, e.g. carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/58—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Abstract
本发明公开了一种选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,包括如下步骤:在腈类溶剂中,在碘化铝或碘和铝粉存在的条件下,羧酸酯在‑20℃至回流的温度下发生酯裂解,生成相应的羧酸或酚;所述的羧酸酯的结构通式为RCO2R’:其中,R和R’分别为烷基、芳基或杂芳基。该方法条件温和,操作简便,反应产率高,在芳基酯或杂芳基酯存在时可以选择性裂解烷基酯,芳基酯和杂芳基酯仅在有邻基参与时才发生裂解。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物和化工原料的中间体合成技术领域,具体涉及一种选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法。
背景技术
在有机合成中,为了避免活泼氢影响反应通常会把羧基和酚羟基保护成酯基,再在合成的后期通过酯基的裂解脱去保护基,恢复成相应的羧基或者醇、酚。羧酸酯通过酯基裂解制备羧酸或者醇、酚是一种在药物和有机合成中应用广泛的官能团转化。酯基裂解通常可以采用酸性条件下水解、碱性条件下皂化反应以及Lewis酸促进的非水解酯基裂解等多种方法。苯酚的羧酸酯通常比较容易脱去,而苯甲酸酯的裂解往往需要使用较为苛刻的条件。因此,苯酚的羧酸酯与苯甲酸酯并存时,一般可以选择性地脱去前者。比如4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯可以用硅胶负载的对甲苯磺酸(Synthesis,1989,438)、乙酸铵(Tetrahedron,2003,59,1049)、乙酰氯—甲醇(Synlett,2005,1527)、由六水合三氯化铝和碘化钾在含水溶剂中原位生成的碘化氢(Synthetic Communications,2006,36,1259)、碳酸钾(Tetrahedron,2001,57,9343)和酶(Synthetic Communications,2010,40,1264)等多种方法在不影响苯甲酸酯基的情况下选择性脱去乙酰基,得到4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯。相反,实现选择性裂解苯甲酸酯而不影响苯酚酯的方法则不多见。比如用Ph2S2-Na来处理对乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯只能以7%的收率得到4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸(Journal of Organic Chemistry,2002,67,1776)。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,该方法条件温和,操作简便,产率高,在芳基或杂芳基酯存在时能选择性裂解烷基酯,芳基酯和杂芳基酯仅在有邻基参与时才发生裂解。
实现本发明上述目的所采用的技术方案为:
一种选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,包括如下步骤:
在腈类溶剂中,在碘化铝或碘和铝粉存在的条件下,羧酸酯在-20℃至回流的温度下发生酯裂解,生成相应的羧酸或酚;
所述的羧酸酯的结构通式为RCO2R’:
其中,R和R’分别为烷基、芳基或杂芳基。
进一步,当R’为芳基或杂芳基时,该酚酯基团的邻位需要同时存在一个能促进酯基裂解的辅助基团,并生成相应的酚。
进一步,所述的腈类溶剂为乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、异丁腈、苯腈、苯乙腈、丙二腈、丁二腈、戊二腈和己二腈中的任意一种,或者任意几种的组合。
进一步,所述的羧酸酯的酯基裂解的反应时间为0.5-48h。
进一步,当羧酸酯含有一个亟待裂解的酯基时,碘化铝和羧酸酯的摩尔比为0.25~5:1;当羧酸酯含有多个亟待裂解的酯基时,碘化铝和羧酸酯的摩尔比为0.25N~5N:1,N为亟待裂解的酯基个数。
进一步,当羧酸酯含有一个亟待裂解的酯基时,碘化铝和羧酸酯的摩尔比为0.5-2:1。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点与有益效果在于:
1、本发明能选择性裂解与苯环连接的烷基酯,而不能裂解芳基酯或杂芳基酯,芳基酯或杂芳基酯只有在邻基辅助时才裂解。
2、本发明使用碘化铝作为羧酸酯裂解试剂,碘化铝来源广泛,价格低廉,碘化铝可以是采购的商品化试剂,或者由碘和铝粉原位制备。
3、本发明可以采用一锅法进行反应,不用事先制备碘化铝,直接将铝粉、碘、羧酸酯和溶剂混合进行反应,使得操作更加简便。
4、本发明不仅选择性好,而且产率高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
以下实施例所用的碘化铝可以为商品化的试剂,或者由碘和铝原位制备,或者直接使用铝粉和碘单质。
实施例1(4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯脱甲基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.971g,5mmol)、碘(0.951g,3.75mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(40ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(5ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.892g 4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸(白色固体,收率99%)。
熔点192–193℃,Rf=0.55(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.02(br s,1H),8.00(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),2.29(s,3H)。
实施例2(4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯脱甲基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入乙腈(20ml)、三碘化铝(0.408g,1mmol)和4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.194g,1mmol),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(2ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.178g 4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸(白色固体,收率98%)。
实施例3(3-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯脱甲基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入3-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.893g,4.6mmol)、碘(0.876g,3.45mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(40ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(5ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.789g 3-乙酰氧基苯甲酸(白色固体,收率95%)。
熔点139–141℃,Rf=0.15(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.22(br s,1H),7.84(dt,J1=7.8Hz,J2=1.3Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J1=2.4Hz,J2=1.5Hz,1H),7.56(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.40(ddd,J1=8.1Hz,J2=2.4Hz,J3=1.1Hz,1H),2.30(s,3H)。
实施例4(4-苯甲酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯脱甲基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-苯甲酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.176g,0.69mmol)、碘(0.263g,1.03mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(20ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(2ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.165g4-苯甲酰氧基苯甲酸(白色固体,收率99%)。
熔点224–226℃,Rf=0.75(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.08(br s,1H),8.16(dd,J1=8.4Hz,J2=1.3Hz,2H),8.06(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.78(tt,J1=7.6Hz,J2=1.2Hz,1H),7.63(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=8.8Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.1,164.7,154.5,134.7,131.4,130.4,129.5,129.1,129.1,122.7。
实施例5(4-新戊酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯脱甲基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-新戊酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.520g,2.2mmol)、碘(0.834g,3.28mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(20ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(5ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.482g4-新戊酰氧基苯甲酸(白色固体,收率98%)。
熔点187–189℃,Rf=0.18(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.04(br s,1H),8.00(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),1.31(s,9H)。
实施例6(4-苯氧羰基苯甲酸甲酯脱甲基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-苯氧羰基苯甲酸甲酯(0.686g,2.68mmol)、碘(1.019g,4mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(20ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(2ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.648g 4-苯氧羰基苯甲酸(白色固体,收率99%)。
熔点227–229℃,Rf=0.58(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.47(br s,1H),8.25(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),8.15(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.56–7.44(m,2H),7.39–7.27(m,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.0,164.5,151.0,135.9,133.0,130.5,130.2,130.1,126.6,122.3。
实施例7(2,4-二乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯选择性裂解酯基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入2,4-二乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.767g,3.04mmol)、碘(1.158g,4.55mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(40ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(2ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.591g5-乙酰氧基水杨酸(黄色固体,收率99%)。
熔点147–149℃,Rf=0.1(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.82(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.70(dd,J1=8.6Hz,J2=2.3Hz,1H),2.27(s,3H)。
实施例8(2,5-二乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯选择性裂解酯基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入2,5-二乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.756g,3mmol)、碘(1.142g,4.5mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(40ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(2ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.586g 5-乙酰氧基水杨酸(浅黄色固体,收率99%)。
熔点128–130℃,Rf=0.04(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.50(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),7.29(dd,J1=8.9Hz,J2=3.0Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),2.25(s,3H)。
实施例9(贝诺酯酯选择性脱乙酰基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入贝诺酯(0.783g,2.5mmol)、碘(0.952g,3.75mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(40ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(2ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.677g 4-乙酰氨基苯基2-羟基苯甲酸酯(类白色固体,收率99%)。
熔点187–189℃,Rf=0.79(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.32(br s,1H),10.07(s,1H),7.99(dd,J1=7.9Hz,J2=1.8Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.59(ddd,J1=8.7Hz,J2=7.2Hz,J3=1.8Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.04(dt,J1=8Hz,J2=0.8Hz,1H),7.02(dt,J1=7.2Hz,J2=0.8Hz,1H),2.07(s,3H)。
实施例10(4-乙氧基苯甲酸甲酯脱甲基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-乙氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.901g,5mmol)、碘(1.905g,7.5mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(40ml),在20℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(5ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.802g 4-乙氧基苯甲酸(白色固体,收率89%)。
熔点213–215℃,Rf=0.29(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.61(br s,1H),7.88(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.00(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),4.10(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.34(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
实施例11(4-异丙氧基苯甲酸甲酯脱甲基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯(0.488g,2.5mmol)、碘(0.951g,3.75mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(20ml),在80℃下搅拌18小时,反应完成后用2M稀盐酸(5ml)淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取三次,合并有机相,先用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,再用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,得到0.410g 4-异丙氧基苯甲酸(白色固体,收率90%)。
熔点180–182℃,Rf=0.32(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.59(br s,1H),7.87(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.98(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.71(hept,J=5.8Hz,1H),1.29(d,J=6.0Hz,6H)。
实施例12(非诺贝特脱异丙基)
向一个100ml圆底烧瓶中加入非诺贝特(0.722g,2mmol)、碘(0.381g,1.5mmol)、过量铝粉和乙腈(20ml),在80℃搅拌18小时。反应液用2M稀盐酸(5ml)淬灭,乙酸乙酯(50ml×3)萃取,合并有机相,用硫代硫酸钠饱和水溶液(10ml)洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到0.622g非诺贝特酸(白色固体,收率97%)。
熔点180–182℃,Rf=0.43(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.16(br s,1H),7.72(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.71(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.93(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),1.60(s,6H)。
Claims (6)
1.一种选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
在腈类溶剂中,在碘化铝或碘和铝粉存在的条件下,羧酸酯在-20℃至回流的温度下发生酯裂解,生成相应的羧酸或酚;
所述的羧酸酯的结构通式为RCO2R’:
其中,R和R’分别为烷基、芳基或杂芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,其特征在于:当R’为芳基或杂芳基时,该酚酯基团的邻位需要同时存在一个能促进酯基裂解的辅助基团,并生成相应的酚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的选择性的选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,其特征在于:所述的腈类溶剂为乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、异丁腈、苯腈、苯乙腈、丙二腈、丁二腈、戊二腈和己二腈中的任意一种,或者任意几种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的选择性的选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,其特征在于:所述的羧酸酯的酯基裂解的反应时间为0.5-48h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的选择性的选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,其特征在于:当羧酸酯含有一个亟待裂解的酯基时,碘化铝和羧酸酯的摩尔比为0.25~5:1;当羧酸酯含有多个亟待裂解的酯基时,碘化铝和羧酸酯的摩尔比为0.25N~5N:1,N为亟待裂解的酯基个数。
6.根据权利要求5所述的选择性的选择性的羧酸酯裂解方法,其特征在于:当羧酸酯含有一个亟待裂解的酯基时,碘化铝和羧酸酯的摩尔比为0.5-2:1。
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