CN114572421A

CN114572421A - Drop test device, drop test system and drop test method

Info

Publication number: CN114572421A
Application number: CN202210244123.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李涛; 郭翰卿; 赵喆; 姜皓; 王鸿鑫; 丁伟; 陆清; 王新扬
Original assignee: Comac Shanghai Aircraft Design & Research Institute; Commercial Aircraft Corp of China Ltd
Current assignee: Comac Shanghai Aircraft Design & Research Institute; Commercial Aircraft Corp of China Ltd
Priority date: 2022-03-14
Filing date: 2022-03-14
Publication date: 2022-06-03

Abstract

The application discloses a drop test device, a drop test system and a drop test method, the drop test device comprises a drop rack and a loader arranged on the drop rack, wherein the drop rack is used for installing a test piece and supplying the test piece to perform vertical drop motion so as to obtain a target speed, and the loader is used for applying a set loading load to the test piece. The drop test device, the drop test system and the drop test method can solve the problems that the existing drop test device faces large overall weight and the like.

Description

Drop test device, drop test system and drop test method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of drop test, in particular to a drop test device, a drop test system and a drop test method.

Background

The landing gear is an important bearing part of the airplane as a landing gear of the airplane. Landing gear is an attachment device used to support an aircraft during take-off and landing or ground taxiing and for ground movement. The landing gear drop test is a dynamic characteristic test for simulating the landing impact of an aircraft on the ground on a special ground test facility, is used for verifying whether relevant indexes such as structural strength, rigidity, buffer stroke, overload acceleration and the like of the aircraft meet design requirements, and is a key link for designing and verifying a landing buffer.

Currently, the existing sliding rail rack system is mostly adopted in landing gear drop test. In order to simulate the real landing state of an airplane, the conventional sliding rail rack system needs to reach the limited sinking speed of the civil airplane design landing weight specified in CCAR-25 of 3.05m/s, and the loading control needs to be carried out after landing to simulate the load change of the airplane after landing. This involves three processes: 1) lifting the undercarriage to a certain height; 2) the landing gear falls rapidly to reach the required target speed, for example, the maximum value of the target speed may be the limit sinking speed of 3.05 m/s; 3) the landing gear can be loaded after landing.

Obviously, the design of the landing gear drop test requires consideration of 3 scenarios: 1. a loading system lifting function required by the installation and maintenance of the undercarriage; 2. simulating a tire spin-up test at the moment of aircraft landing; 3. after the simulated tire lands, the load on the tire of the airplane is simulated and loaded, and the maximum load is 40 tons.

The existing landing gear drop test device has a plurality of problems. For example, the drop test apparatus has a large overall weight and a high requirement for the structural strength of the test apparatus. In addition, the conventional slide rail rack system has a limited test interval, and cannot realize a short-time quick loading state after the target speed reaches a set value.

In view of the above, it is necessary to develop a drop test apparatus, a drop test system and a drop test method to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides an empty drop test device, drop test system and drop test method, can make the test piece obtain target speed through free fall to can realize carrying out quick loading's purpose to the test piece after obtaining target speed, and then can solve the whole weight that current drop test device faces great, structural strength requires highly, and the unable scheduling problem that realizes of quick loading after landing.

An embodiment of the present application provides a drop test device, the drop test device includes:

the drop-off rack is used for mounting a test piece and can be used for the test piece to perform vertical drop movement; and the number of the first and second groups,

and the loader is arranged on the drop bench and used for selectively loading the test piece.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the drop bench has a drop rail and a drop platform for mounting the test piece;

wherein the drop platform is connected to the drop rail in a manner enabling vertical drop motion along the drop rail.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, a locking mechanism is provided on the drop rail for selectively locking the drop platform to a target position on the drop rail.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, a non-return mechanism is disposed on the dropping track, and the non-return mechanism can selectively stop the dropping platform so that the test piece is kept in contact with the test ground or the measuring platform.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the drop platform further comprises a mounting platform, the drop rail being disposed on the mounting platform;

the loader comprising an actuator and a source of pressurized fluid, wherein:

the pressure fluid source is arranged on the mounting platform and used for providing hydraulic fluid for the actuator;

the actuator is arranged on the dropping platform and can load the test piece under the action of the hydraulic fluid.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, a hollowed-out area penetrating through the mounting platform is formed on the mounting platform, and the hollowed-out area can expose the test ground or the measurement platform;

the falling rail is provided with a plurality of falling rails arranged along the periphery of the hollow area;

the drop platform is positioned between the plurality of drop rails and cooperates with each of the drop rails.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the drop rail has a target position where the test piece contacts a test ground or a measurement platform when the drop platform is located;

the drop test device also comprises a detector which is in signal connection with the loader;

the detector is used for detecting whether the falling platform falls to the target position and generating a corresponding detection signal, and the detection signal is configured to control the loading action of the loader on the test piece.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the detector is in signal connection with the non-return mechanism, the detection signal being configured to control the non-return mechanism.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the drop test device further comprises a controller in signal connection with the detector, the loader, and the check mechanism;

the controller receives a detection signal of the detector and respectively sends corresponding action instructions to the loader and the check mechanism according to the detection signal;

the non-return mechanism stops the falling platform under the control of the action instruction of the controller;

the loader loads the test piece under the control of the action command of the controller.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the controller is in signal communication with the locking mechanism, the controller being capable of controlling the locking mechanism to lock the drop platform on the drop rail.

Correspondingly, the application also provides a drop test system, which comprises the drop test device.

Correspondingly, the application also provides a drop test method, which comprises the following steps:

mounting a test piece on the drop-off rack, and enabling the test piece to drop in a vertical drop motion mode until the test piece contacts a test ground or a measuring platform, wherein the test piece has a target speed; and the number of the first and second groups,

and when the test piece contacts the test ground or the measuring platform, the loader is used for loading the load of the test piece.

Compared with the prior art, the drop test device, the drop test system and the drop test method of this application are in the same place drop rack and loader combination, make the testpieces obtain target speed when touching to the ground through vertical falling motion, and it is right that the testpieces begin after touching to the ground the testpieces load, can avoid realizing under high-speed motion state right the testpieces with the landing platform carries out the loading, and then can reduce the structural strength requirement to the test device, can also reduce the promotion pneumatic cylinder, reduces the weight of hydraulic oil, realizes simplifying the test device simultaneously and with the purpose of the quick loading of time of short as far as possible.

Furthermore, in the scheme of this application, the executor and the hydraulic oil source of loader set up respectively on platform and the mounting platform that falls down, can reduce the load weight of platform that falls down, can also make the loader have the lifting function, satisfy the test piece installation and maintain the demand.

Finally, in the scheme of this application, be provided with non return mechanism on the track that falls, this non return mechanism can stop the platform that falls in the target location, and then makes the testpieces are kept contacting with experimental ground or measuring platform to can prevent that the undercarriage from up moving because of elasticity.

Drawings

To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it should be apparent that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present application and are not limiting of the present application, wherein:

fig. 1 is a first side view of a drop test apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the drop test apparatus is in a preparation stage.

Fig. 2 is a side view of a drop test apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the drop test apparatus is in a drop stage.

Fig. 3 is a side view three of a drop test apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the drop test apparatus is in a loading stage.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application.

In the drawings, the shape and size may be exaggerated for clarity, and the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to designate the same or similar components.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the description and claims of this patent application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar referents do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprise" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before "comprises" or "comprising" covers the element or item listed after "comprising" or "comprises" and its equivalents, and does not exclude other elements or items. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.

In the following description, terms such as center, thickness, height, length, front, back, rear, left, right, top, bottom, upper, lower, etc., are defined with respect to the configurations shown in the respective drawings, and in particular, "height" corresponds to a dimension from top to bottom, "width" corresponds to a dimension from left to right, "depth" corresponds to a dimension from front to rear, which are relative concepts, and thus may be varied accordingly depending on the position in which it is used, and thus these or other orientations should not be construed as limiting terms.

Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like (e.g., "connected" and "attached") refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached, either directly or indirectly, to one another through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise.

The application provides a drop test device 100 and a drop test system including the drop test device 100.

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the drop test apparatus 100 includes a drop platform 10 and a loader 20 provided on the drop platform 10. Wherein the drop bench 10 is used for installing a test piece, and the drop bench 10 is a place where the test piece can obtain a target speed through a vertical drop motion. The loader 20 is used to selectively load the test piece.

Wherein the target speed is the speed that the test piece 200 acquires when the drop platform 13 moves to the target position of the drop rail 12. The target position is that when the falling platform moves to the target position of the falling rail 12, the test piece 200 connected to the falling platform 13 contacts the test ground or the measuring platform.

In particular, the maximum value of the target speed may be 3.05m/s of the limiting sinking speed.

In particular, the vertical falling movement may be a free fall movement, for example.

Obviously, the drop test apparatus 100 of the present application combines the drop frame 10 and the loader 20, which allow the test piece to perform the vertical drop motion, such that the target speed of the test piece 200 is obtained by the vertical drop motion, and the test piece 200 can be loaded after the test piece 200 obtains the target speed.

It is worth noting that the present application does not limit the type and configuration of the test piece 200. The test piece 200 can be an aircraft landing gear, and at the moment, the drop test device 100 can perform a simulation test of a drop test on the aircraft landing gear. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, the test piece 200 includes a main shaft 210 and a tire 220 disposed at one end of the main shaft.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the drop platform 10 includes a mounting platform 11, a drop rail 12, and a drop platform 13.

With continued reference to fig. 1 to fig. 3, the mounting platform 11 is a basic body of the entire drop test rack 10, and can be used to support the entire drop test device 100 and further drive the entire drop test device 100 to move.

Preferably, a moving mechanism is installed at the bottom of the installation platform 11 for moving the whole drop test device 100. In short, the mounting platform 11 is a mobile platform.

With continued reference to fig. 1 to fig. 3, the mounting platform 11 has a hollow area 111, and the hollow area 111 exposes the test ground or the measurement platform located below the mounting platform 11. In this way, when the dropping platform 13 drops vertically, the test piece 200 disposed below the dropping platform 13 may pass through the hollow area 111, and then contact the test ground or the measuring platform.

Obviously, in the drop test device 100 of the present application, the impact force of the test piece 200 during landing mainly acts on the test ground or the measurement platform, rather than directly landing on the mounting platform 11, so as to reduce the impact on the mounting platform 11.

With continued reference to fig. 1-3, the drop rail 12 is fixedly disposed above the mounting platform 11 and extends in a vertical direction.

In particular, said falling rail 12 is realized in the form of a falling channel 101. In this case, the drop rail 12 includes a plurality of drop rails, which are spaced apart from each other along the circumference of the hollow 111 to form the drop passage 101.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the dropping platform 13 is located in the dropping channel 101 (i.e., between the dropping rails 12), and the dropping platform 13 is connected to the dropping rail in such a manner as to be capable of reciprocating in the vertical direction. At this time, the central projection of the drop platform 13 on the mounting platform 11 covers the hollow area 111 of the mounting platform 11.

Referring to fig. 2, in the falling process, the falling platform 13 and the test piece 200 connected thereto are constrained by the falling rail 12, and can only move along the extending direction of the falling rail 12, so that the test piece 200 is not easy to deviate, and the test piece 200 is ensured to be over against the hollowed-out area 111, thereby facilitating accurate measurement of the test.

It is to be noted that the number of said falling tracks 12 is not limited in the present application. In other embodiments, the number of drop rails 12 may be two or four.

Referring to fig. 3, the dropping trajectory 12 has a target position (or, a touchdown position or a landing position). For the detailed description of the target position, reference is made to the foregoing description, which is not repeated herein.

With continued reference to fig. 1-3, the drop platform 13 may be used to position or place the test pieces 200 or other components. For example, the test piece 200 is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the drop platform 13. In addition, it is also possible to arrange actuators 21 of the loader 20 on the drop platform 13, i.e. the actuators 21 can follow the drop platform 13.

For example, in the present embodiment, the main rotation axis 210 of the test piece 200 is inserted and fixed in the installation opening, the tire 220 is located below the drop platform 13, and the tire can land on the test ground or the measuring platform through the hollow area 111.

During a specific test, the dropping platform 13 can be lifted to an initial position along the dropping track 12, and the test piece 200 obtains the target speed when the dropping platform 13 vertically drops from the initial position to the target position. For example, the height of the initial position is set in the preparation stage so that the test piece 200 has the target speed when it lands on the test ground or the measuring platform.

That is, the test piece 200 can obtain the target speed through the vertical falling motion without an additional driving device or a power device, thereby simplifying the drop test device 100 and achieving the purpose of reducing the weight of the mounting platform 11 and the entire drop test device 100.

Moreover, in the drop test device 100 of the present application, only need with the help of ground auxiliary fixtures (or promote the frock) will fall platform 13 promote can, need not additionally to set up and promote the pneumatic cylinder, this has further simplified drop test device 100, has reduced mounting platform 11 and whole drop test device 100's weight.

Furthermore, since no lifting hydraulic cylinder or lifting mechanism is required, the stroke and flow demand of the whole pressure fluid source 22 can be reduced, so that the loading can be quickly established, and the high-efficiency test can be realized.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a loader 20 is disposed on the drop platform 10, and the loader 20 can load the test piece 200 after the test piece 200 obtains a target speed.

Based on the landing gear drop test, during the test, the test piece 200 can be loaded, so that the purpose of simulating the equivalent mass of the landing gear when the aircraft lands is realized.

Since the drop test device 100 is in a high-speed motion state, the loading of a heavy load weight is realized, and it is necessary to ensure that the structural strength of the drop test device 100 is high. Obviously, the arrangement of the present application can avoid the occurrence of a situation of loading a heavy load on the test piece 200 moving at a high speed, and reduce the structural strength requirement on the drop test device 100. In addition, the arrangement mode can also reduce the stroke and flow requirements of the drop test device 100 on hydraulic fluid, so that the purpose of quickly establishing a loading process after landing can be realized, and efficient tests can be realized.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the loader 20 includes an actuator 21 and a pressure fluid source 22. Wherein the source of pressurized fluid 22 is adapted to provide hydraulic fluid to the actuator 21, and the actuator 21 is adapted to apply a load to the test piece 200 under the influence of the hydraulic fluid.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the actuator 21 is fixedly disposed on the dropping platform 13 and connected to the test piece 200, and the pressure fluid source 22 is fixedly disposed on the mounting platform 11. In the solution of the present application, by separately arranging the actuator 21 and the pressure fluid source 22, the load weight of the dropping platform 13 can be reduced, the structural strength requirement on the drop test device 100 can be reduced, and the function of lifting the loader 20 required by installation and maintenance can be satisfied, which facilitates the installation and maintenance of the whole loader 20.

In particular, the actuator 21 and the source of pressurized fluid 22 are in fluid connection by means of a fluid delivery line, and a control valve is arranged on the fluid delivery line. The fluid delivery pipe is used to deliver the hydraulic fluid of the pressure fluid source 22 to the actuator 21. The control valve is used to adjust the flow rate and flow velocity of the hydraulic fluid, and the fluid delivery state can be controlled by controlling the open/close state and the open/close degree of the control valve, thereby controlling the process in which the actuator 21 outputs a load to the test piece 200.

Preferably, the actuator 21 is a hydraulic cylinder. Compared with the traditional method of realizing loading by adopting a counterweight mode, the hydraulic loading can realize a continuously adjustable load interval, and more sufficient loading selection is realized.

In particular embodiments, different types of hydraulic cylinders may be used for different positions of the landing gear on the aircraft. For example, for the nose landing gear, the actuator 21 may be a swing hydraulic cylinder, and for the left and right landing gears, the actuator 21 may be a piston rod hydraulic cylinder.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a locking mechanism 30 is further disposed on the dropping platform 10, and the locking mechanism 30 can selectively lock the dropping platform 13 on the dropping track 12. In detail, the locking mechanism 30 has a locked state of locking the drop platform 13 at the initial position of the drop platform 13 and an unlocked state of releasing the drop platform 13.

Referring to fig. 1, in the preparation stage: after the dropping platform 13 is lifted to the initial position, the locking mechanism 30 can perform test preparation work of the loader 20 after the dropping platform 13 is limited and locked at the initial position; after the preparation work is completed, the locking mechanism 30 is switched from the locking state to the unlocking state, the falling platform 13 is released, and the falling platform 13 starts to fall freely along the falling rail 12 under the action of gravity.

The locking mechanism 30 is disposed on the drop rail 12, and the locking mechanism 30 includes a lock member and a first driving mechanism.

Wherein the locking member is movably arranged on the falling rail 12 and has a locking position blocking the falling channel 101 of the falling platform 13 and an unlocking position avoiding the falling channel 101. The first driving mechanism is in driving connection with the locking piece and can drive the locking piece to move between a locking position and an unlocking position, so that the locking mechanism 30 is switched between the locking state and the unlocking state.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, the locking member is arranged perpendicular to the falling rail 12 and is movable toward or away from the falling platform 13 in a direction perpendicular to the falling rail 12. The driving shaft of the first driving mechanism is connected to the locking piece through a transmission assembly, and then drives the locking piece to face, so that the locking piece can enter the falling channel 101 or retreat to the outside of the falling channel 101.

In specific implementation, the first driving mechanism may be a driving motor, a driving motor or a driving cylinder.

In other embodiments, the locking mechanism may also be an electromagnetic locking mechanism. At this time, the locking mechanism 30 may lock the drop platform 13 to maintain the initial position by providing a force against the direction of gravity to the drop platform 13.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a non-return mechanism 40 is further provided on the dropping platform 10, and the non-return mechanism 40 can selectively stop the dropping platform 13 so that the dropping platform 13 is maintained in a ground contact state.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the check mechanism 40 is provided on the dropping rail 12, and the check mechanism 40 includes a check and a second driving mechanism.

The non-return means are movably arranged on the falling rail 12 and have a blocking position in which they can block the falling channel 101 of the falling platform 13 and an escape position in which they escape the falling channel 101. The second drive mechanism is coupled to the check member and is capable of moving the check member between the blocking position and the retracted position such that the check mechanism 40 selectively blocks or retracts the test piece 200.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, the check member is disposed perpendicular to the falling rail 12 and is movable in a direction perpendicular to the guide rail toward or away from the falling platform 13, so that the locking member can enter into the falling passage 101 or retreat out of the falling passage 101.

In specific implementation, the second driving mechanism may be a driving motor, a driving motor or a driving cylinder.

Specifically, the drop test apparatus 100 further comprises a detector in signal connection with the loader 20, the detector is used for detecting whether the drop platform falls to a target position and generating a corresponding detection signal, and the detection signal is configured to control the loading action of the loader on the test piece.

In particular implementations, the detector may be a photosensor or a travel switch. The detector is disposed near a target position of the falling rail 12.

Specifically, the drop test apparatus 100 further includes a controller. The controller is in signal communication with the detector, the loader 20 and the check mechanism 40.

The controller receives the detection signal of the detector and sends corresponding action instructions to the loader 20 and the check mechanism 40 according to the detection signal. The check mechanism 40 stops the falling platform 13 under the control of the action command of the controller. At the same time, the loader 20 loads the test piece 200 under the control of the action command of the controller.

Specifically, the controller is connected to the control valve, and the control unit can indirectly control the loading load output from the loading actuator 21 to the test piece 200 by controlling the degree of opening and closing of the control valve.

Specifically, the control unit is connected with the second driving mechanism and controls the check piece to move between the blocking position and the avoiding position through the second driving mechanism.

Preferably, the controller is in signal connection with the locking mechanism, and the controller can control the locking mechanism 30 to lock the dropping platform 13 on the dropping track 12.

The control unit can control the locking piece to switch between the locking state and the unlocking state through a first driving mechanism.

The following describes the testing process of the drop test apparatus 100 according to the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 3:

1) a preparation stage;

as shown in fig. 1, the drop platform 13 is lifted to the initial position by means of a ground auxiliary tool or a ground lifting mechanism, the check mechanism 40 and the locking mechanism 30 are closed during the lifting process, and the actuator 21 is charged by the pressure fluid source 22.

2) A falling stage;

as shown in fig. 2, the locking mechanism 30 is opened and the check mechanism 40 is brought into a ready state, and the dropping platform 13 and the test piece 200 are dropped along the dropping rail 12 by a vertical dropping motion until the dropping platform 13 moves to a target position. At this time, the test piece 200 contacts the test ground, and the test piece 200 obtains a target speed.

3) A loading stage;

as shown in fig. 3, the check mechanism 40 stops the drop platform 13 at the target position after the drop platform 13 moves to the target position. At the same time, the loader 20 begins loading the test piece 200, simulating the aircraft mass.

Based on the same application concept, the application also provides a drop test system, and the drop test system comprises the drop test device 100.

Based on the same application concept, the application also provides a drop test method, which comprises the following steps:

mounting a test piece on the drop bench and allowing the test piece to drop in a vertical drop motion until the test piece contacts a test ground, the test piece having a target speed; and the number of the first and second groups,

and when the test piece contacts the test ground, loading the test piece by the loader.

The drop test method can be carried out based on the drop test device provided by the application. At this time, the drop test method includes the steps of:

s1, preparation stage: lifting a dropping platform 13 and a test piece 200 mounted on the dropping platform 13 to an initial position along the dropping track 12, and locking the dropping platform 13 on the dropping track 12 by the locking mechanism 30;

s2, falling stage: causing the locking mechanism 30 to release the dropping platform 13, and allowing the dropping platform 13 to vertically drop along the dropping track 12 to move to a target position, wherein the test piece 200 contacts the test ground and the test piece 200 has a target speed;

s2, loading stage: the dropping platform 13 is stopped at the target position by the check mechanism 40 while the test piece 200 is loaded by the loader 20.

The present application is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

The number of apparatuses and the scale of processing described here are intended to simplify the description of the present application. Applications, modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The features of the different implementations described herein may be combined to form other embodiments not specifically set forth above. The components may be omitted from the structures described herein without adversely affecting their operation. Further, various individual components may be combined into one or more individual components to perform the functions described herein.

Furthermore, while embodiments of the present application have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to a variety of fields suitable for this application, and it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that additional modifications may be made, and the application is not limited to the details and illustrations set forth herein without departing from the general concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A drop test device, characterized in that, the drop test device includes:

the drop-off rack is used for mounting a test piece and can be used for the test piece to perform vertical drop movement; and (c) a second step of,

2. A drop test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drop platform has a drop rail and a drop platform for mounting the test piece;

3. A drop test apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein a locking mechanism is provided on the drop rail for selectively locking the drop platform to a target position on the drop rail.

4. A drop test device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a non-return mechanism is provided on the drop rail, the non-return mechanism being capable of selectively stopping the drop platform so that the test piece is held in contact with a test ground or a measuring platform.

5. A drop test apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the drop platform further comprises a mounting platform, the drop rail being disposed on the mounting platform;

the loader comprising an actuator and a source of pressurized fluid, wherein:

the actuator is arranged on the falling platform and can load the test piece under the action of the hydraulic fluid.

6. A drop test device according to claim 5, wherein the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder.

7. The drop test device according to claim 5, wherein the mounting platform is provided with a hollowed-out area which penetrates through the mounting platform, and the hollowed-out area can expose the test ground or the measuring platform;

8. A drop test apparatus according to any of claims 2 to 7, wherein the drop rail has a target position at which the test piece contacts a test ground or a measuring platform when the drop platform is located;

9. A drop test device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the detector is in signal connection with the non-return mechanism, the detection signal being configured to control the non-return mechanism.

10. A drop test device as defined in claim 9, further comprising a controller in signal communication with the detector, the loader, and the check mechanism;

11. A drop test device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the controller is in signal communication with the locking mechanism, the controller being capable of controlling the locking mechanism to lock the drop platform on the drop rail.

12. A drop test system comprising a drop test apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A drop test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and when the test piece contacts the test ground or the measuring platform, the loader is used for loading the test piece.