CN114570409A - Preparation method and application of carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst Download PDF

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CN114570409A
CN114570409A CN202210332673.1A CN202210332673A CN114570409A CN 114570409 A CN114570409 A CN 114570409A CN 202210332673 A CN202210332673 A CN 202210332673A CN 114570409 A CN114570409 A CN 114570409A
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carbon nitride
cobalt titanate
composite photocatalyst
cotio
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孟爱云
温达
周双
苏耀荣
何斌
韩培刚
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Shenzhen Technology University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • B01J35/39
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042Decomposition of water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method and application of a carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst, which comprises the following steps: g to C3N4Nanosheet and CoTiO3Dispersing polyhedral powder in water according to a mass ratio of 100: 1-2 to form a suspension; stirring the suspension for at least 5 hours, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain g-C3N4/CoTiO3A composite photocatalyst is provided. The carbon nitride with strong reduction capability and the cobalt titanate with strong oxidation capability are compounded, so that the carbon nitride has strong oxidation reduction capability, the visible light absorption is obviously enhanced, and the hydrogen production by decomposing pure water under the catalysis of visible light is favorably realized. Under the illumination condition, valence band holes of the carbon nitride and conduction band electrons of the cobalt titanate are compounded, and the conduction band electrons of the carbon nitride and the valence band holes of the cobalt titanate are respectively reserved, so that the space separation of photon-generated carriers is realized, the recombination rate of the photon-generated carriers is reduced, and the carbon nitride-cobalt titanate is enabled to beThe photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the composite photocatalyst is obviously improved.

Description

Preparation method and application of carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of a carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst.
Background
The hydrogen production method by the photocatalytic water splitting of the semiconductor by utilizing clean, pollution-free and abundant solar energy is green, low in cost, sustainable and integrated with light collection conversion and energy storage. The technology can be performed under mild conditions (normal temperature and pressure) and does not require additional energy sources other than solar energy, thus attracting attention of many researchers.
In recent years, many inorganic and organic photocatalytic materials have been developed and used for photocatalytic decomposition of pure water to produce hydrogen, but the hydrogen production efficiency is low, and there is a large gap from practical application. Moreover, most of the photocatalysts used for preparing hydrogen by decomposing pure water do not have visible light activity, and are not beneficial to fully utilizing sunlight.
In addition, in general, the following conditions are required for a high-efficiency photocatalyst: has broad spectral absorption, low recombination rate of photogenerated carriers and strong enough oxidation-reduction capability to catalyze the oxidation and reduction reactions of water simultaneously. However, a single-component photocatalyst cannot have both a wide light absorption range and sufficient redox ability because, when the photocatalyst has sufficiently strong redox ability, the conduction band position is more negative and the valence band position is more positive, which means that the band gap of the photocatalyst is wider and the light absorption range thereof is correspondingly narrowed. However, the conventional photocatalyst does not have the above characteristics, and the catalytic efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method and application of a carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst.
A preparation method of a carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
g to C3N4Nanosheet and CoTiO3Polyhedral powder is dispersed in water according to the mass ratio of 100: 1-2 to form suspensionFloating liquid;
stirring the suspension for at least 5 hours, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain g-C3N4/CoTiO3A composite photocatalyst is provided.
Further, still include:
placing a precursor of the carbon nitride nanosheet in a crucible for sealing, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, heating the precursor to 450-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-3 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for at least 3 hours, cooling the sample to room temperature at a cooling rate of 0.5-1.5 ℃/min, and grinding to obtain yellow g-C3N4 powder;
and (3) putting the crucible containing g-C3N4 powder into a muffle furnace, heating to 400-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-6 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for at least 1 hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the faint yellow g-C3N4 nanosheet.
Further, the precursor of the carbon nitride nanosheet is at least one of dicyandiamide, melamine or urea.
Further, still include: mixing P25 and Co (NO3) 2.6H 2O according to a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-1.5, mixing with molten salt, grinding, and placing in a corundum crucible;
putting the crucible into a muffle furnace, heating to 650-820 ℃ at a heating rate lower than 1.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for at least 1 hour, naturally cooling to room temperature, repeatedly washing the obtained sample with deionized water, centrifuging, and drying to obtain green CoTiO3The polyhedral powder of (4).
Further, the molten salt is at least one of NaCl-KCl, NaCl, KCl or LiCl.
Further, still include: p25 and Co (NO)3)2·6H2The molar ratio of O is 1: 1.
Further, still include: preparation of CoTiO3The temperature rise rate was 115 ℃ 1111.
Further, still include: preparation of CoTiO3The calcination temperature was 820 ℃.
Further, the mass fraction of cobalt titanate in the carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst is 015-3%.
The application of the carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst is characterized in that the carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst is placed in water to prepare hydrogen under the condition of illumination.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the novel carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst provided by the invention, carbon nitride with strong reducing capability and cobalt titanate with strong oxidizing capability are compounded, so that the composite material has strong oxidizing and reducing capability, and meanwhile, compared with the carbon nitride with a single component, the visible light absorption of the composite material is obviously enhanced. Therefore, the composite photocatalyst has the advantages of visible light absorption and strong oxidation-reduction capability, and is favorable for realizing hydrogen production by decomposing pure water through visible light catalysis.
2. The invention provides a novel carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst, which is a trapezoidal heterojunction photocatalyst. Under the illumination condition, valence band holes of the carbon nitride and conduction band electrons of the cobalt titanate are compounded, and the conduction band electrons of the carbon nitride and the valence band holes of the cobalt titanate are respectively reserved, so that the space separation of photon-generated carriers is realized, the compounding rate of the photon-generated carriers is reduced, and the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst is remarkably improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of a novel carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst in examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of CCT-1.5 with a CoTiO3 loading of 1.5 wt% in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of CCT-1.5 with a CoTiO3 loading of 1.5 wt% in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a HRTEM image of CCT-1.5 with a CoTiO3 loading of 1.5 wt% in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectrum of the novel carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst in examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the hydrogen production rate by visible light photocatalytic pure water decomposition of the novel carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst in examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the yield of hydrogen production by visible light photocatalytic pure water decomposition of the novel carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst in examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the photocatalytic cycling stability of CCT-1.5 with a CoTiO3 loading of 1.5 wt% in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the photocatalytic pure water decomposition hydrogen production rate under different wavelength illumination conditions for CCT-1.5 with CoTiO3 loading of 1.5 wt% in example 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst, which is prepared by the following steps as shown in fig. 1:
s1, preparing carbon nitride nanosheets: 1) adding 5g of dicyandiamide into a clean crucible, sealing the crucible by using aluminum foil paper, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace, heating the crucible to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 2.3 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 4 hours, and then cooling the sample to room temperature at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min. Grinding the obtained yellow sample to obtain g-C3N4 powder; 2) and (3) putting the crucible containing 400mg of g-C3N4 powder into a muffle furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain light yellow powder, namely g-C3N4 nanosheets.
S2, preparing cobalt titanate polyhedral powder: 0.4g P25, 1.46g of Co (NO3) 2.6H 2O and 16.6g of NaCl-KCl eutectic salt (the molar ratio of NaCl to KCl is 1:1) are mixed and uniformly ground, then the mixture is put into a corundum crucible, and then the crucible is put into a muffle furnace, heated to 820 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.5 ℃/min and kept for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature. And repeatedly washing, centrifuging and drying the obtained sample by using deionized water to remove metal salt impurities, and finally obtaining a green sample, namely CoTiO 3.
S3, preparing a carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst: dispersing 300mg of-C3N 4 nanosheets and 4.5mg of CoTiO3 polyhedral powder in 10mL of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment to form uniform suspension; and continuously stirring the mixed suspension for 10 hours at room temperature, and centrifuging, washing and drying the suspension after stirring to obtain the g-C3N4/CoTiO3(CCT-1.5) composite photocatalyst with the CoTiO3 loading of 1.5 wt%.
S4, sample characterization: the CCT-1.5 material obtained in the S3 step was characterized to obtain an XRD pattern as shown in fig. 1, an SEM as shown in fig. 2, TEM and HRTEM as shown in fig. 3-4, and a UV-vis pattern as shown in fig. 5. FIG. 1 shows the XRD pattern of CCT-1.5 from which diffraction peaks for g-C3N4 and CoTiO3 can be observed simultaneously, indicating successful complexation of g-C3N4 and CoTiO 3. From fig. 2 and 3, the existence of g-C3N4 nanosheets and CoTiO3 polyhedrons can be observed simultaneously, and meanwhile, amorphous g-C3N4 and CoTiO3 with obvious lattice fringes can be observed in the high-resolution transmission electron microscope of fig. 4, the lattice spacing of which is 0.35nm corresponding to the (001) crystal plane of CoTiO3, and the result proves the successful recombination of g-C3N4 and CoTiO3 again. FIG. 5 shows an ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectrogram with CCT-1.5, and it can be seen that the visible light absorption of the composite photocatalytic material is obviously enhanced within the range of 500-800 nm compared with carbon nitride.
S5, testing the hydrogen production performance of the pure water through visible light catalytic decomposition: the hydrogen production performance test of the photocatalyst prepared in this example adopts a Labsolar VIII AG online photocatalytic analysis system of Beijing Pofilly technology, Inc., and the used light source is a 300W xenon lamp equipped with a visible light cut-off filter (lambda >400 nm). The reaction is carried out in a closed vacuum glass reactor, and the specific test process is as follows: 50mg of the photocatalyst was added to a beaker containing 80mL of distilled water, and the photocatalyst was uniformly dispersed in pure water by sonication for 3 minutes. Then, 270. mu.L of a chloroplatinic acid solution (concentration: 0.01g/mL, mass fraction of Pt converted: 2 wt%) was added. The well stirred suspension was transferred to a glass reactor and evacuated for 30 minutes to remove oxygen from the reaction vessel. Subsequently, the photocatalytic system was irradiated with light from a xenon lamp equipped with a cut-off filter (. lamda. >400nm) and the hydrogen production was measured every 1 hour by a gas chromatograph (TCD detector) from Fulii Instrument, Zhejiang, to obtain the results shown in FIGS. 6 to 7. In addition, the hydrogen production rate of the photocatalyst was tested using similar test conditions, with or without a cut-off filter having a wavelength of 400nm being replaced with bandpass filters having wavelengths of 365, 400 and 475nm, and the results shown in FIG. 8 were obtained.
S6, testing photocatalytic stability: and (3) testing by using 50mg of photocatalyst, wherein the testing steps are basically the same as those of the photocatalytic activity testing, continuously illuminating for 3 hours, and testing the hydrogen production activity of the visible light catalytic decomposition pure water every 1 hour. After the completion of one test, the catalyst is washed and centrifugally separated for reuse, and the sample is placed in the reactor again and vacuumized for 30 minutes to remove oxygen in the reaction system. Then, the light irradiation was continued, and the cycle test was repeated 3 times to test the light stability, and the results shown in fig. 9 were obtained. Experimental results show that the CCT-1.5 composite photocatalyst has the hydrogen production rate of 350 mu mol g < -1 > after being illuminated for 3 hours, has high activity of hydrogen production by decomposing pure water under the catalysis of visible light, and has good photocatalytic stability.
Examples 2 to 4
Examples 2 to 4 relate to a novel carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst, and examples 2 to 4 are different from example 1 only in that the content of CoTiO3 added in the step S3 is different, and the loading of CoTiO3 in each example is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 CoTiO3 loading in examples 2-4
Group of CoTiO3 loading
Example 2 0.5wt.%
Example 3 2wt.%
Example 4 3wt.%
The photocatalyst in examples 2 to 4 was subjected to the visible light photocatalytic pure water decomposition hydrogen production activity test in the same manner as in example 1. FIG. 6 shows the effect of different CoTiO3 loading amounts on the hydrogen production performance of the composite photocatalyst. As can be seen from FIG. 6, after CoTiO3 is loaded, the hydrogen production activity of the g-C3N4/CoTiO3 composite photocatalyst is obviously enhanced compared with that of a single g-C3N 4. In addition, the load of CoTiO3 and the hydrogen production performance of the composite photocatalyst are in volcano-shaped relationship, when 1.5 wt% of CoTiO3 is loaded, the hydrogen production performance of the composite photocatalyst reaches the highest, and when the load is continuously increased, the hydrogen production performance is gradually reduced. Further, fig. 7 shows a change curve of the hydrogen production of the composite photocatalyst with time. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the hydrogen production of the composite photocatalyst increases linearly with time. In addition, as a comparison, the hydrogen production rate of the composite photocatalyst CCT-1.5 under different wavelengths of illumination is shown in FIG. 8 when the CoTiO3 loading is 1.5 wt%. It can be seen that, when monochromatic light with a wavelength of 365nm is adopted for illumination, the hydrogen production rate of CCT-1.5 is equivalent to that under 400nm illumination, while under 475nm monochromatic light, the CCT-1.5 has no hydrogen production activity basically, and the result is consistent with the light absorption characteristic of CCT-1.5 in the graph of 5. In addition, the hydrogen production rate of CCT-1.5 under the irradiation of ultraviolet-visible light is 330 mu mol.h < -1 > g < -1 >, which is 2.82 times of the hydrogen production rate (117 mu mol.h < -1 > g < -1 >) under the irradiation of visible light, and the CCT-1.5 has larger hydrogen production potential of photocatalytic decomposition of pure water under the irradiation of ultraviolet-visible light.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
g to C3N4Nanosheet and CoTiO3Dispersing polyhedral powder in water according to a mass ratio of 100: 1-2 to form a suspension;
stirring the suspension for at least 5 hours, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain g-C3N4/CoTiO3A composite photocatalyst is provided.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
placing a precursor of the carbon nitride nanosheet in a crucible for sealing, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, heating the precursor to 450-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-3 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for at least 3 hours, cooling the sample to room temperature at a cooling rate of 0.5-1.5 ℃/min, and grinding to obtain yellow g-C3N4 powder;
and (3) putting the crucible containing g-C3N4 powder into a muffle furnace, heating to 400-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-6 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for at least 1 hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the faint yellow g-C3N4 nanosheet.
3. The production method according to claim 2, characterized in that the precursor of the carbon nitride nanosheet is at least one of dicyandiamide, melamine or urea.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: mixing P25 and Co (NO3) 2.6H 2O according to a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-1.5, mixing with molten salt, grinding, and placing in a corundum crucible;
putting the crucible into a muffle furnace, heating to 650-820 ℃ at a heating rate lower than 1.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for at least 1 hour, naturally cooling to room temperature, repeatedly washing the obtained sample with deionized water, centrifuging, and drying to obtain green CoTiO3The polyhedral powder of (4).
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the molten salt is at least one of NaCl-KCl, NaCl, KCl, or LiCl.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising: p25 and Co (NO)3)2·6H2The molar ratio of O is 1: 1.
7. The method of claim 4, further comprising: preparation of CoTiO3The temperature rise rate was 115 ℃ 1111.
8. The method of claim 4, further comprising: preparation of CoTiO3The calcination temperature was 820 ℃.
9. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of cobalt titanate in the carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst is 015% to 3%.
10. The application of the carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst is characterized in that the carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst is placed in water to prepare hydrogen under the condition of illumination.
CN202210332673.1A 2022-03-30 2022-03-30 Preparation method and application of carbon nitride-cobalt titanate composite photocatalyst Pending CN114570409A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105170173A (en) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-23 北京化工大学 Perovskite material/organic polymer compound photocatalyst, preparation and application
CN112295585A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-02 南昌航空大学 Preparation method and application of magnesium titanate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105170173A (en) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-23 北京化工大学 Perovskite material/organic polymer compound photocatalyst, preparation and application
CN112295585A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-02 南昌航空大学 Preparation method and application of magnesium titanate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
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PING NIU: "Graphene-Like Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Improved Photocatalytic Activities" *
QIANG WANG: "The flux growth of single-crystalline CoTiO3 polyhedral particles and improved visible-light photocatalytic activity of heterostructured CoTiO3/g-C3N4 composites" *

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Application publication date: 20220603