CN115532298B - Preparation method of diatomic cluster photocatalyst - Google Patents

Preparation method of diatomic cluster photocatalyst Download PDF

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CN115532298B
CN115532298B CN202211252203.0A CN202211252203A CN115532298B CN 115532298 B CN115532298 B CN 115532298B CN 202211252203 A CN202211252203 A CN 202211252203A CN 115532298 B CN115532298 B CN 115532298B
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CN115532298A (en
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张志明
赵秋平
鲁统部
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Tianjin University of Technology
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    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
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    • C07C51/373—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in doubly bound form
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst, which comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing urea, zinc acetate and water, stirring, removing water under reduced pressure, heating, washing, and drying to obtain Zn-C 3 N 4 A powder; (2) Drying the Zn-C in the step (1) 3 N 4 Powder and RuCl 3 Mixing the solutions, and reacting under the illumination of a xenon lamp to obtain RuZn-C 3 N 4 Heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst. The diatomic cluster photocatalyst obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention can realize high-efficiency reduction of water into hydrogen under illumination conditions, and oxidation of lactic acid into pyruvic acid. The synthesis method is simple, low in energy consumption and low in cost, and has good application prospect.

Description

Preparation method of diatomic cluster photocatalyst
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis, and relates to a preparation method of a double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst.
Background
With the development of industrialization and the increasing population around the world, human society is facing increasingly serious resource exhaustion and environmental crisis. Therefore, the realization of clean energy production and greenhouse gas conversion by using solar energy is one of the key technologies for solving the current energy crisis and environmental problems. The diatomic catalyst is the smallest cluster, and development and utilization of the diatomic catalyst can not only improve the utilization rate of metal centers, but also exert the synergistic effect among metal atoms to improve the catalytic efficiency. In the diatomic catalyst, the introduction of homonuclear or heteronuclear atoms promotes the synergistic effect between adjacent active sites in the diatomic catalyst to remarkably improve the catalytic activity and have good catalytic selectivity, thereby playing a very important role in energy conversion. However, the precise and easy synthesis of the diatomic catalyst, particularly the heteronuclear diatomic catalyst, remains a great challenge.
The existing synthesis method of the diatomic catalyst is single, mainly two metal salts are mixed with a carrier precursor, and the mixture is subjected to pyrolysis under high temperature to obtain the diatomic catalyst through multiple attempts. Such methods have uncertainty and cannot precisely control the metal position and the metal-to-metal interaction. Based on the above situation, the invention provides a g-C based 3 N 4 The method is a simple preparation method of the heteronuclear diatomic catalyst of the carrier, successfully reduces water into hydrogen in the photocatalysis reaction, simultaneously realizes the preparation of organic chemicals by the photo-oxidation of lactic acid, and greatly improves the solar energy utilization rate.
Through searching, two patent documents related to the scheme are found, wherein the Chinese patent with publication number of CN101512003A provides a method for preparing H by photocatalysis 2 Comprising: 1) A polymer gel; 2) A photocatalyst; and 3) protein-based H 2 A catalyst. The invention also relates to a hydrogen production process comprising using an electron donor and comprising 1) a polymer gel, 2) a photocatalyst, and 3) a protein-based H 2 The composite material of the catalyst reacts.
The metal and catalyst structure used in the scheme are obviously different from those in the scheme, and meanwhile, the application effect is obviously different.
Another publication No. CN110648854a discloses a boron-nitrogen co-doped carbon/manganese oxide composite nano-sheet material, a preparation method and application thereof in electrode materials of capacitive deionization or electrochemical energy storage devices. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding boric acid into the chitosan hydrogel, uniformly mixing, and freeze-drying, and carbonizing the mixture to obtain boron-nitrogen co-doped carbon nano sheets; and (3) reacting the boron-nitrogen co-doped carbon nano sheet in a potassium permanganate solution to obtain the boron-nitrogen co-doped carbon/manganese oxide composite nano sheet material. The boron-nitrogen co-doped carbon/manganese oxide composite nano sheet material is of a three-dimensional sheet structure which is connected with each other. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, the reaction condition is mild, the carbon nano-sheets are connected with each other in three dimensions, the prepared carbon/manganese oxide composite nano-sheet material is rich in nitrogen and boron and is of a mesoporous dominant porous structure, and the composite nano-sheet material has good prospects in the fields of preparation of capacitor deionization, supercapacitor electrodes and catalyst carriers.
The proposal provides a composite nano sheet material, but the composite mainly comprises metal oxide and carbon, and has obvious differences in material structure, application object and technical effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, a simple preparation method of the double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst is provided. The double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst can realize photocatalytic water splitting to prepare hydrogen in a reaction system of lactic acid and water, and can also realize that photo-oxidized lactic acid is pyruvic acid.
The heteronuclear diatomic cluster photocatalyst of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing urea, zinc acetate and water for two hours, stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the urea to the zinc acetate to the water is 2000:1:5000, decompressing the obtained solution to remove water to obtain white solid powder, heating the white solid powder in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain yellow powder, and then washing and drying to obtain Zn-C powder 3 N 4 A powder;
(2) Drying the Zn-C in the step (1) 3 N 4 Powder and RuCl 3 Mixing the solutions, zn-C 3 N 4 The weight ratio of the powder to ruthenium trichloride is 300:1, and RuZn-C is obtained by reacting under the illumination of a xenon lamp 3 N 4 Heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst.
In the step (1), the washing and drying are washing with water and ethanol, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours.
In the step (2), the reaction temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the reaction time is 3h.
In step (2), 150mg of Zn-C is first of all 3 N 4 The powder was dispersed in 30mL of water, zn-C 3 N 4 The weight ratio of the powder to water was 1:200, 0.5mL of ruthenium trichloride aqueous solution (1 mg/mL) was added, isopropyl alcohol was used as an electron donor, and the reaction was carried out under xenon lamp irradiation for 3 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was centrifuged to obtain a pale gray powder. Washing with water and ethanol, and drying at 60deg.C for 12 hr to obtain RuZn-C 3 N 4 Heteronuclear diatomic catalysts.
The preparation method of the heteronuclear diatomic cluster photocatalyst is also applicable to RuNi-C 3 N 4 ,CuCo-C 3 N 4 ,CuNi-C 3 N 4 ,CuZn-C 3 N 4 ,CuBi-C 3 N 4 Is a synthesis of (a).
The invention also provides the RuZn-C 3 N 4 The heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst is applied to catalyzing water to prepare hydrogen and simultaneously realize lactic acid oxidation to generate pyruvic acid, and the heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for producing hydrogen and pyruvic acid by photocatalysis simultaneously comprises the following steps: ruZn-C 3 N 4 The heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst is added into a mixed solution of water and lactic acid, and under the inert gas atmosphere, water is taken as a proton source to carry out water decomposition and lactic acid oxidation reaction under the illumination to generate hydrogen and pyruvic acid.
Further, the H 2 The dosage ratio of O to the diatomic cluster photocatalyst is 500-5000:1.
Further, the catalytic reaction temperature is 20-30 ℃.
Further, the atmosphere is selected from argon and nitrogen.
Further, the illumination condition has ultraviolet and visible light with the wavelength of 300-780 nm and the light intensity of 150mW/cm 2 。
Compared with the prior art, the invention uses the photoinduction technology in Zn-C 3 N 4 Up-reduction of RuCl 3 Thereby obtaining RuZn-C 3 N 4 Heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst. RuZn-C under light irradiation condition 3 N 4 Electrons on the guide band are used to reduce water to produce hydrogen, while photogenerated holes on the valence band can oxidize lactic acid to pyruvic acid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention develops a convenient and novel synthesis method, and uses the photoinduction technology to synthesize the zinc-C 3 N 4 Up-reduction of RuCl 3 Thereby obtaining RuZn-C 3 N 4 The heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst has the advantages of simple and efficient synthesis method, environmental protection, batch synthesis, good metal suitability and suitability for C 3 N 4 As a carrier to synthesize RuNi-, cuCo-, cuNi-, cuZn-and CuBi-C 3 N 4 The diatomic catalyst can realize the photocatalytic reduction of water to produce hydrogen and the oxidation of lactic acid to produce pyruvic acid, abandons the use of noble metals such as Pt and the like, and has low cost.
(2) At C 3 N 4 The metal Ru and Zn are introduced, so that the separation and transfer rate of the photo-generated electrons and the holes are obviously improved, and the light energy is fully and effectively utilized. The photo-generated electrons can reduce water into hydrogen, and simultaneously utilize photo-generated holes to oxidize lactic acid into pyruvic acid, so that chemicals with high added value are obtained. No additional sacrificial agent is needed in the catalysis process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is g-C 3 N 4 ，Zn-C 3 N 4 ，Ru-C 3 N 4 And RuZn-C 3 N 4 Is a XRD pattern of (C).
FIG. 2 is RuZn-C 3 N 4 Is a spherical aberration electron microscope image of (2).
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a composite nano material, which comprises the following steps:
1) 6g of urea is placed in a muffle furnace and calcined for 2 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Yellow powder;
2) 6g of urea and 3mg of zinc acetate were dispersed in 15mL of ultrapure water to form a solution A;
3) Removing water from the solution A under reduced pressure, and calcining at 500 ℃ for 2 hours in a muffle furnace to obtain Zn-C 3 N 4 Yellow powder;
3) Will be 100mgg-C 3 N 4 Dispersing into 30mL of ultrapure water to form a solution B;
4) 150mgZn-C 3 N 4 Dispersing into 30mL of ultrapure water to form a solution C;
5) Dispersing 0.5mg of ruthenium trichloride into 0.5mL of ultrapure water to form a solution D with a concentration of 1 mg/mL;
6) Mixing the solution B and the solution D, adding 4mL of isopropanol, and vigorously stirring for 0.5h to form a solution E;
7) Mixing the solution C and the solution D, adding 4mL of isopropanol, and vigorously stirring for 0.5h to form a solution F;
8) Solution E was bubbled with argon for 30min, then with a 300W xenon lamp (light intensity: 150mW cm -2 ) Illuminating for 3h, centrifuging, and oven drying the centrifuged solid at 60deg.C for 12h to obtain single atom photocatalytic material (labeled Ru-C 3 N 4 )
9) Solution F was bubbled with argon for 30min, then with a 300W xenon lamp (full spectrum, light intensity: 150mW cm -2 ) Illuminating for 3h, centrifuging, and oven drying the centrifuged solid at 60deg.C for 12h to obtain diatomic photocatalytic material (labeled RuZn-C 3 N 4 )
10 The above implementation process can be scaled up to achieve batch synthesis.
Structural characterization:
for g prepared in step 1)-C 3 N 4 Nanoplatelets and Zn-C obtained in step 3, 8) 3 N 4 、Ru-C 3 N 4 And RuZn-C prepared in the step 9) 3 N 4 Structural characterization was performed with the following results:
1)g-C 3 N 4 、Zn-C 3 N 4 、Ru-C 3 N 4
g-C 3 N 4 、Zn-C 3 N 4 、Ru-C 3 N 4 the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of (2) is shown in figure 1. g-C 3 N 4 There are two diffraction peaks, the peak positions of which are 13 ° and 27 °, respectively, corresponding to the diffraction peaks of amorphous carbon.
Zn-C 3 N 4 And Ru-C 3 N 4 Diffraction peaks of only 13℃and 27℃were present, corresponding to g-C 3 N 4 Diffraction peaks of (2) without metal and metal oxide, proved Zn-C 3 N 4 、Ru-C 3 N 4 The medium metals Zn and Ru are highly dispersed and exist in the form of monoatoms.
2)RuZn-C 3 N 4
RuZn-C 3 N 4 The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of (2) is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, ruZn-C 3 N 4 Diffraction peaks of 13℃and 27℃appear, corresponding to g-C 3 N 4 Is free of diffraction peaks of metals and metal oxides, proving RuZn-C 3 N 4 The medium metals Ru and Zn are highly dispersed.
RuZn-C 3 N 4 Is shown in fig. 2. Obvious paired bright spots can be observed, and the metal Ru and Zn are proved to be in the carrier g-C 3 N 4 The upper part shows a diatomic distribution.
In conclusion, ruZn-C 3 N 4 Medium metals Ru and Zn in carrier g-C 3 N 4 And are highly dispersed. RuZn-C 3 N 4 Medium metals Ru and Zn are in carrier g-C 3 N 4 The upper part shows a diatomic distribution.
Application examples
The invention also provides the RuZn-C prepared by the method 3 N 4 Is applied to the photocatalytic reduction of water to generate hydrogen and simultaneously realizes the oxidation of lactic acid into pyruvic acid. The specific method comprises the following steps:
2mg of RuZn-C 3 N 4 Diatomic photocatalyst and 5mLH 2 O, 50. Mu.L of lactic acid was added to a 16mL quartz reaction flask. After sealing, the mixture was bubbled with argon for 30min, and then was irradiated on a 300W xenon lamp (light intensity: 150 mW.cm) -2 ) Catalytic reaction is carried out under irradiation. During the reaction, the prepared hydrogen was quantitatively measured by using a gas chromatograph (GC-2014), and the synthesized pyruvic acid was quantitatively measured by using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (AVANCEIIIHD MHz).
RuZn-C 3 N 4 Is used for preparing hydrogen by photocatalytic reduction of water and preparing pyruvic acid by oxidizing lactic acid. Due to the synergistic effect between Ru atoms and Zn atoms, the separation and transfer rates of the photo-generated electrons and the holes are improved, and the photocatalytic activity is improved.
The reaction temperature and time were suitably adjusted according to the synthesis method provided in example 1, and RuNi-, cuCo-, cuNi-, cuZn-, cuBi-, and C-were respectively adjusted 3 N 4 The synthesis of the diatomic catalyst can realize the scheme of preparing hydrogen by photocatalytic reduction of water and preparing pyruvic acid by oxidation of lactic acid.
In the scheme, the sources of the nickel source, the bismuth source, the zinc source, the cobalt source, the ruthenium source and the copper source and the related dosages are as follows:
Figure BDA0003888112310000041
Figure BDA0003888112310000051
the diatomic synthesis procedure described above is supplemented as follows, with the attached tables briefly specifying the metals and amounts:
the invention provides five other composite nano materials RuNi-C 3 N 4 ,CuCo-C 3 N 4 ,CuNi-C 3 N 4 ,CuZn-C 3 N 4 ,CuBi-C 3 N 4 Its preparationThe preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) 6g of urea and 6mg of zinc acetate were dispersed in 15mL of ultrapure water to form a solution A; removing water from the solution A under reduced pressure, and calcining at 500 ℃ for 2 hours in a muffle furnace to obtain Zn-C 3 N 4 -6 yellow powder;
2) 6g of urea and 3mg of bismuth nitrate were dispersed in 15mL of ultrapure water to form a solution B; decompressing the solution B to remove water, calcining for 2 hours at 500 ℃ in a muffle furnace to obtain Bi-C 3 N 4 Yellow powder;
3) 6g of urea and 6mg of cobalt nitrate were dispersed in 15mL of ultrapure water to form a solution C; decompressing the solution C to remove water, calcining for 2 hours at 500 ℃ in a muffle furnace to obtain Bi-C 3 N 4 Yellow powder;
4) 6g of urea and 6mg of nickel nitrate were dispersed in 15mL of ultrapure water to form a solution D; removing water from the solution D under reduced pressure, and calcining at 500 ℃ for 2 hours in a muffle furnace to obtain Ni-C 3 N 4 -6 yellow powder;
5) 6g of urea and 3mg of nickel nitrate were dispersed in 15mL of ultrapure water to form a solution E; removing water from the solution E under reduced pressure, and calcining at 500 ℃ for 2 hours in a muffle furnace to obtain Ni-C 3 N 4 -3 yellow powder;
6) Dispersing 0.5mg of ruthenium trichloride into 0.5mL of ultrapure water to form a solution F with a concentration of 1 mg/mL;
7) 1mg of copper chloride was dispersed in 1mL of ultrapure water to form a solution G having a concentration of 1 mg/mL;
8) Dispersing 4mg of copper chloride into 1mL of ultrapure water to form a solution H with the concentration of 4 mg/mL;
9) Dispersing 8mg of copper chloride into 1mL of ultrapure water to form a solution I with the concentration of 8 mg/mL;
example 2
150mgNi-C 3 N 4 3 dispersing in 30mL of water, adding solution F and 4mL of isopropanol, stirring vigorously for 0.5h, bubbling with argon for 30min, and then using a 300W xenon lamp (light intensity: 150mW cm) -2 ) Illuminating for 3h, centrifuging, and oven drying the centrifuged solid at 60deg.C for 12h to obtain diatomic photocatalytic material (labeled as RuNi-C 3 N 4 )；
Example 3
150mgBi-C 3 N 4 Dispersing in 30mL of water, adding solution G and 4mL of isopropanol, stirring vigorously for 0.5h, bubbling with argon for 30min, and then using a 300W xenon lamp (light intensity: 150 mW. Cm) -2 ) Illuminating for 3h, centrifuging, and oven drying the centrifuged solid at 60deg.C for 12h to obtain diatomic photocatalytic material (marked as CuBi-C 3 N 4 )；
Example 4
150mgZn-C 3 N 4 -6 was dispersed in 30mL of water, added with solution H and 4mL of isopropanol, vigorously stirred for 0.5H, bubbled with argon for 30min, and then with a 300W xenon lamp (light intensity: 150mW cm) -2 ) Illuminating for 3h, centrifuging, and oven drying the centrifuged solid at 60deg.C for 12h to obtain diatomic photocatalytic material (marked as CuZn-C 3 N 4 )；
Example 5
150mgNi-C 3 N 4 -6 was dispersed in 30mL of water, added with solution H and 4mL of isopropanol, vigorously stirred for 0.5H, bubbled with argon for 30min, and then with a 300W xenon lamp (light intensity: 150mW cm) -2 ) Illuminating for 3h, centrifuging, and oven drying the centrifuged solid at 60deg.C for 12h to obtain diatomic photocatalytic material (marked as CuNi-C 3 N 4 )；
Example 6
150mgCo-C 3 N 4 Dispersing in 30mL of water, adding solution I and 4mL of isopropanol, stirring vigorously for 0.5h, bubbling with argon for 30min, and then using a 300W xenon lamp (light intensity: 150 mW. Cm) -2 ) Illuminating for 3h, centrifuging, and oven drying the centrifuged solid at 60deg.C for 12h to obtain diatomic photocatalytic material (marked as CuCo-C 3 N 4 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the RuNi-C obtained by sequentially preparing examples 2 to 6 3 N 4 ,CuCo-C 3 N 4 ,CuNi-C 3 N 4 ,CuZn-C 3 N 4 ,CuBi--C 3 N 4 Is applied to the photocatalytic reduction of water to generate hydrogen and simultaneously realizes the oxidation of lactic acid into pyruvic acid. The specific method is as described in the application examples.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a double-atom-cluster photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing urea, zinc acetate and water for two hours, stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the urea to the zinc acetate to the water is 2000:1:5000, decompressing the obtained solution to remove water to obtain white solid powder, heating the white solid powder in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 2h to obtain yellow powder, and then washing and drying to obtain Zn-C powder 3 N 4 A powder;
(2) Drying the Zn-C in the step (1) 3 N 4 Powder and RuCl 3 Mixing the solutions, zn-C 3 N 4 The weight ratio of the powder to ruthenium trichloride is 300:1, isopropanol is added as an electron donor, and RuZn-C is obtained by reacting under the illumination of a xenon lamp 3 N 4 Heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst.
2. The method for preparing the double-atom-cluster photocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the washing and drying are washing with water and ethanol, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12h.
3. The method for preparing the double-atom-cluster photocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the reaction temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the reaction time is 3h.
4. The method for preparing the double-atom-cluster photocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein: in step (2), 150mg of Zn-C is first treated 3 N 4 Dispersing the powder in 30mL water, and dispersing Zn-C in water 3 N 4 The weight ratio of the powder to the water is 1:200, and 0.5mL concentration is 1mg/mLReacting ruthenium trichloride aqueous solution with isopropanol as electron donor under xenon lamp illumination for 3h, centrifuging to obtain light gray powder, washing with water and ethanol, and drying at 60deg.C for 12h to obtain RuZn-C 3 N 4 Heteronuclear diatomic catalysts.
5. The method for preparing the double-atom-cluster photocatalyst according to claim 4, wherein: the preparation method of the heteronuclear diatomic cluster photocatalyst is also applicable to RuNi-C 3 N 4 , CuCo-C 3 N 4 Or CuNi-C 3 N 4 , CuZn-C 3 N 4 ,CuBi-C 3 N 4 Is a synthesis of (a).
6. RuZn-C 3 N 4 The application of the double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst in catalyzing water to decompose and produce hydrogen and simultaneously oxidizing lactic acid to produce pyruvic acid is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: ruZn-C 3 N 4 The heteronuclear diatomic photocatalyst is added into a mixed solution of water and lactic acid, and water is taken as a proton source to carry out water decomposition and lactic acid oxidation reaction under the illumination in an inert atmosphere to generate hydrogen and pyruvic acid.
7. RuZn-C according to claim 6 3 N 4 The application of the double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst in catalyzing water to decompose and produce hydrogen and simultaneously oxidizing lactic acid to produce pyruvic acid is characterized in that: the H is 2 The dosage ratio of O to the diatomic cluster photocatalyst is 500-5000:1.
8. RuZn-C according to claim 6 3 N 4 The application of the double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst in catalyzing water to decompose and produce hydrogen and simultaneously oxidizing lactic acid to produce pyruvic acid is characterized in that: the catalytic reaction temperature is 20-30 ℃.
9. RuZn-C according to claim 6 3 N 4 The application of the double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst in catalyzing water to decompose and produce hydrogen and simultaneously oxidizing lactic acid to produce pyruvic acid is characterized in that: the saidThe inert atmosphere is argon or nitrogen.
10. RuZn-C according to claim 6 3 N 4 The application of the double-atomic-cluster photocatalyst in catalyzing water to decompose and produce hydrogen and simultaneously oxidizing lactic acid to produce pyruvic acid is characterized in that: the light intensity of the ultraviolet light and the visible light with the illumination condition wavelength of 300-780 and nm is 150mW/cm 2 。
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