CN114566710B - Non-aqueous electrolyte for fast-charging lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Non-aqueous electrolyte for fast-charging lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114566710B CN114566710B CN202210174176.3A CN202210174176A CN114566710B CN 114566710 B CN114566710 B CN 114566710B CN 202210174176 A CN202210174176 A CN 202210174176A CN 114566710 B CN114566710 B CN 114566710B
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- lithium ion
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- -1 thiouracil compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229950000329 thiouracil Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PFJLHSIZFYNAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(F)F PFJLHSIZFYNAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiouracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=S)N1 ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte for quick charge and a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte comprises lithium salt, a nonaqueous organic solvent and an additive, and the additive comprises: (a) A thiouracil compound shown in a structural formula 1,Wherein X is selected from O or S; r 1、R2 is selected from the group consisting of the first main group element; r 3、R4 is any one of halogen element, hydrocarbon group or halogenated hydrocarbon; and (b) a nitrile compound. In the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, the quick charge cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium cobalt oxide battery can be obviously improved through the organic combination of the thiouracil compound and the nitrile compound.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a non-aqueous electrolyte for a quick-charging lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high average output voltage, small self-discharge, no memory effect, excellent cycle performance, rapid charge and discharge, high charge efficiency, high output power, long service life and no toxic or harmful substances, and is called as a green battery. The lithium ion battery is widely applied to the fields of 3C numbers, energy storage, electric tools and electric vehicles, and nowadays, the fast-charge digital battery is an indispensable part of important digital fields such as mobile phones, notebook computers, unmanned aerial vehicles, cameras and the like.
However, in recent years, as the requirements of consumers for charging and discharging electronic products are higher and higher, the problems of excessively long charging time and low rapid discharge capacity of lithium ion batteries have been plagued the lithium ion battery market. The industrial information department in 2017 proposes: the mobile phone needs to be charged for 30 minutes, and the current entering during the charging period is more than or equal to 3A or the quick charging performance of the charging quantity is more than or equal to 60 percent; the american advanced battery association specifies that fast charge refers to obtaining a state of charge (SOC) of 40% of the battery within 15 minutes. This presents a significant challenge for the fast charge capability of lithium ion batteries. The rate of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions in the positive/negative electrode active material, that is, how fast lithium ions come out of the positive/negative electrode active material or go into the active material from the surface of the positive/negative electrode to find the position of the inside of the active material, is an important factor affecting the charge/discharge rate.
The nitrile additive is widely applied to the fields of digital codes, energy storage and the like at present, wherein-CN functional groups can be complexed with Co ions in lithium cobaltate, so that the influence of Co ion dissolution on the battery performance is reduced, and the cycle life of the battery is prolonged. However, the nitrile functional group is attached to the surface of the positive electrode material after complexing with Co ions, so that the interface impedance of the positive electrode is increased, the solvation energy of the positive electrode lithium ions is not different from that of the positive electrode, and the development of the current digital battery quick-charge system cannot be obviously matched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte for a fast-charging lithium ion battery, which comprises an annular thiouracil compound and a nitrile compound, and can enable the lithium ion battery to have better fast-charging cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery for quick charge, which has better quick charge cycle performance, high temperature storage performance.
To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, comprising a lithium salt, a nonaqueous organic solvent, and an additive, the additive comprising:
(a) A thiouracil compound shown in a structural formula 1,
Wherein X is selected from O or S; r 1、R2 is selected from the group consisting of the first main group element; r 3、R4 is any one of halogen element, hydrocarbon group or halogenated hydrocarbon; and
(B) Nitrile compounds.
Compared with the prior art, in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, the additive comprises the thiouracil compound and the nitrile compound, and the dissolution of Co ions is reduced by complexing a-CN functional group in the nitrile compound and Co ions in lithium cobaltate, so that the cycle life of the battery is prolonged, and in order to avoid the defects brought by the nitrile compound, the thiouracil compound is also introduced, on one hand, the thiouracil compound can form organic or inorganic CEI and SEI components containing S, the components can greatly increase the ion conductivity of an inorganic electrolyte interface film on a positive electrode and a negative electrode, reduce the solvation energy and desolvation energy of the lithium ions, and improve the quick charge performance of a high-voltage LCO battery (lithium cobaltate battery); on the other hand, the compound can also form an N-containing CEI film with toughness on the positive electrode, further prevent positive electrode particles of LCO from being broken under high voltage, and effectively improve the quick charge cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of the LCO battery under high voltage.
Preferably, R 1、R2 is selected from any one of H, li, na, K, cs.
Preferably, R 3、R4 is selected from any one of halogen element, hydrocarbon group with 1-3 carbon atoms or halogenated hydrocarbon.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the thiouracil compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is 0.05% -1%, such as 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% and 1.0%. But are not limited to, the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range of values are equally applicable. More preferably, the mass percentage of the thiouracil compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is 0.1% -0.3%.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the nitrile compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is 0.05% -10%, such as 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%. But are not limited to, the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range of values are equally applicable. More preferably, the mass percentage of the nitrile compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is 0.1% -5%.
Preferably, the thiouracil compound is selected from at least one of the following compounds:
wherein, the structural formulas of the compounds 1-2 and the compounds 4-8 are respectively provided with CAS numbers, and the synthetic route of the compound 3 is shown as follows:
Preferably, the nitrile compound is selected from at least one of the following compounds:
preferably, the lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6), lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), lithium difluorooxalato borate (lidaob), lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate (LiDFOP), lithium tetrafluorooxalato phosphate (LiOTFP).
Preferably, the nonaqueous organic solvent is selected from at least one of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), propylene Carbonate (PC), ethyl Acetate (EA), butyl Acetate (BA), gamma-butyrolactone (GBA), propyl Propionate (PP), ethyl Propionate (EP), ethyl Butyrate (EB), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), difluoroethyl acetate (2, 2-DFEA), ethyl 2, 2-trifluoroacetate (2, 2-TFEA).
The second aspect of the invention also provides a lithium ion battery for quick charge, which comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and further comprises the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery for quick charge. The non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery used for quick charge comprises the cyclic thiouracil compound and the nitrile compound which are matched with each other, so that the lithium ion battery has better quick charge cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance.
Preferably, the active material of the positive electrode is lithium cobaltate.
Preferably, the active material of the negative electrode is selected from any one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, lithium titanate, silicon carbon composite material, and silicon oxide.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of the present invention, examples are set forth below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of a nonaqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery: in a glove box filled with nitrogen (O 2＜2ppm,H2 O < 3 ppm), ethylene Carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propyl Propionate (PP) and a mass ratio of 1:1:1 were uniformly mixed to prepare 85.2g of a nonaqueous organic solvent, and 0.3g of Compound 1 and 2g of Compound A were added. And (3) sealing, packaging and placing the solution in a quick freezing room (-4 ℃) for freezing for 2 hours, taking out, slowly adding 12.5g of lithium hexafluorophosphate into the mixed solution in a glove box (O 2＜2ppm,H2 O is less than 3 ppm) filled with nitrogen, and uniformly mixing to obtain the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery.
(2) Preparation of positive electrode: uniformly mixing a lithium cobaltate material, an adhesive PVDF and a conductive agent SuperP according to the mass ratio of 95:1:4 to prepare lithium ion battery anode slurry with certain viscosity, coating the mixed slurry on two sides of an aluminum foil, and drying and rolling to obtain the anode plate.
(3) Preparation of the negative electrode: the artificial graphite, the conductive agent SuperP, the thickening agent CMC and the adhesive SBR (styrene butadiene rubber emulsion) are prepared into slurry according to the mass ratio of 95:1.5:1.0:2.5, and the slurry is uniformly mixed, coated on two sides of a copper foil, and then dried and rolled to obtain the negative plate.
(4) Preparation of a lithium ion battery: and (3) manufacturing the positive electrode, the diaphragm and the negative electrode into square battery cells in a lamination mode, packaging by adopting polymers, filling the prepared lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte, and manufacturing the lithium ion battery with the capacity of 4600mAh through the working procedures of formation, capacity division and the like.
The formulations of the nonaqueous electrolytic solutions for lithium ion batteries of examples 2 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1, and the procedure for preparing the nonaqueous electrolytic solution for lithium ion batteries is the same as in example 1.
Table 1 non-aqueous electrolyte formulations for lithium ion batteries
The lithium ion batteries prepared in examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were respectively subjected to a quick charge cycle test and a high temperature storage test, and the performance test results of the lithium ion batteries are shown in table 2, and specific test conditions are as follows:
(1) And (3) testing the quick charge cycle performance:
The lithium ion battery is placed in an environment of 25 ℃, is charged to 4.5V at a constant current of 3C, is charged to 0.05C at a constant voltage, is discharged to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.5C, and is circulated in this way, and the discharge capacity of the first circle and the discharge capacity of the last circle are recorded. The calculation formula is as follows:
capacity retention = discharge capacity of last round/discharge capacity of first round x 100%.
(2) High temperature storage test:
The lithium ion battery was placed in an environment of 25 ℃, charged to 4.5V at a constant current of 0.5C and then charged at a constant voltage until the current reaches 0.05C, and then discharged to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.5C, and the discharge capacity was recorded as C0 at this time. The battery was then charged to 4.5V at a constant current of 0.5C and then charged at a constant voltage to a current of 0.05C, at which point the voltage was recorded as V0. The battery was then placed in a 60 ℃ oven for 30 days and then removed, and the voltage was recorded as V1. Then, after the battery was left to stand in an environment of 25 ℃ for 2 hours, it was discharged to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.5C in an environment of 25 ℃, the discharge capacity was recorded as C1 at this time, and then it was charged to 4.5V at a constant current of 0.5C and then charged to 0.05C at a constant voltage, and discharged to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.5C. The discharge capacity at this time was recorded as C2.
Capacity retention = C1/C0 x 100%
Capacity recovery = C2/C0 x 100%
Pressure drop = V1-V0
Table 2 lithium ion battery performance test results
From the results in table 2, the lithium ion batteries of examples 1 to 12 have better quick charge cycle performance and high temperature storage performance, which indicates that the organic combination of the thiouracil compound and the nitrile compound in the electrolyte can obviously improve the quick charge and high temperature storage performance of the lithium cobaltate battery.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A lithium ion battery for fast charging comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the active material of the positive electrode is lithium cobaltate and the charging voltage is 4.5V, the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive, the additive comprising:
(a) A thiouracil compound shown in a structural formula 1,
Wherein X is selected from O or S; r 1、R2 is selected from any one of H, li, na, K, cs; r 3、R4 is selected from any one of halogen element, hydrocarbon group with 1-3 carbon atoms or halogenated hydrocarbon; and
(B) A nitrile compound selected from at least one of the following compounds:
Compound A Compound B Compound C
The mass percentage of the thiouracil compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is 0.05% -1%, and the mass percentage of the nitrile compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is 0.05% -10%.
2. The lithium-ion battery for quick charge according to claim 1, wherein the thiouracil-based compound is selected from at least one of the following compounds:
Compound 1 Compound 2
Compound 3 compound 4 compound 5
Compound 6 Compound 7 Compound 8
3. The lithium ion battery for quick charge according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonimide, lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide, lithium bisoxalato borate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, lithium difluorobisoxalato phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalato phosphate.
4. The lithium ion battery for quick charge according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent is selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, γ -butyrolactone, propyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethyl acetate, 2-trifluoroethyl acetate.
5. The lithium ion battery for quick charge according to claim 1, wherein the active material of the negative electrode is selected from any one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, lithium titanate, silicon carbon composite material, and silicon oxide.
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