CN114566617B - Wet tubular positive electrode and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents

Wet tubular positive electrode and method for manufacturing same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114566617B
CN114566617B CN202210097041.1A CN202210097041A CN114566617B CN 114566617 B CN114566617 B CN 114566617B CN 202210097041 A CN202210097041 A CN 202210097041A CN 114566617 B CN114566617 B CN 114566617B
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positive electrode
lead
equal
manufacturing
sulfuric acid
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CN114566617A (en
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吴涛
唐胜群
陈龙霞
战祥连
李艳芬
李敏
王玉莹
王强
田雪
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Zibo Torch Energy Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M4/16—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M4/16—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/20—Processes of manufacture of pasted electrodes
    • H01M4/21—Drying of pasted electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/56—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wet tubular positive electrode and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of lead-acid storage batteries. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) lead plaster preparation: adding lead powder and red lead into a sealed paste mixing device, adding deionized water after dry mixing, continuously stirring, adding sulfuric acid solution, vacuumizing the paste mixing device in the adding process, sealing the paste mixing device after sulfuric acid is added, and continuously stirring until the lead paste is prepared; (2) Extruding the prepared lead plaster into a positive grid cavity with a calandria; (3) curing the polar plate: placing the positive electrode plate into a constant temperature and humidity device with a sealing function; (4) And (5) after the positive electrode plate is solidified and dried, assembling the battery for standby. The invention solves the problem that the corrosion film is difficult to form due to smooth surface of the pressure casting tubular grid, strengthens the connection between the grid and active substances, reduces the problem of overhigh initial voltage of formation in the production of polar plates, and improves the charge acceptance of the battery in the normal use process.

Description

Wet tubular positive electrode and method for manufacturing same
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wet tubular positive electrode and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of lead-acid storage batteries.
Background
The lead-acid battery tube type positive electrode structure can effectively prevent active substances from softening and falling off, and has obvious effect on the aspect of prolonging the service life of the power battery. The traditional tubular positive electrode adopts a dry lead powder filling mode, but in recent years, along with the environmental protection requirement, a wet positive electrode and a grouting positive electrode become the development direction gradually. The grid for the tubular positive electrode generally adopts a pressure casting mode, and the surface of the ribs is smooth, so that the voltage of the battery terminal is higher in the early formation stage of the battery, charging equipment with higher voltage is required to be configured, and meanwhile, the battery is found to have low charge acceptance.
Current approaches to this problem have focused mainly on:
(1) The pore-forming agent such as hollow glass spheres, carbon materials and the like is added into the anode, and the method has a certain effect on improving the charging performance due to the improvement of the mass transfer of sulfuric acid in the electrode;
(2) The curing temperature is increased, the content of large-particle tetrabasic lead sulfate is increased, and the electrode porosity is improved, but the method is easy to cause formation difficulty and capacity reduction.
The above method cannot solve the problems of high initial voltage and poor charge acceptance in battery formation because it is affected by the interfacial properties between the grid and the active material in addition to the lead paste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects in the prior art, providing a wet tubular positive electrode, and simultaneously providing a manufacturing method of the wet tubular positive electrode, which solves the problem that a corrosion film is difficult to form due to smooth surface of a pressure casting tubular grid, strengthens the connection between the grid and active substances, reduces the problem of overhigh initial voltage of formation in the production of polar plates, and improves the charge acceptance of a battery in the normal use process.
The wet tubular positive electrode manufacturing method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing lead plaster: adding lead powder and red lead into a sealed paste mixing device, adding deionized water after dry mixing, continuously stirring, adding sulfuric acid solution, vacuumizing the paste mixing device in the adding process, sealing the paste mixing device after sulfuric acid is added, and continuously stirring until the lead paste is prepared;
(2) Extruding the lead plaster prepared in the step (1) into a positive grid cavity with a calandria;
(3) And (3) curing the polar plate: putting the positive electrode plate finished in the step (2) into a constant temperature and humidity device with a sealing function, and curing the positive electrode plate according to the following procedure:
a) The temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃ T 1 The temperature is less than or equal to 20 ℃ and the pressure P 1 ≥1.2P 0 Time t 1 ；
b) The temperature is less than or equal to T at 60 DEG C 2 The temperature is less than or equal to 75 ℃ and the pressure P 0 Time t 2 ；
Step a) and step b) are alternately switched;
after a period of total curing, continuing to dry the electrode by using the step b);
(4) And (5) after the positive electrode plate is solidified and dried, assembling the battery for standby.
Preferably, in the step (1), the lead plaster comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
55-58% of lead powder, 15-25% of red lead, 7-9% of sulfuric acid solution and 12-16% of deionized water.
Preferably, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 1.35-1.4g/mL.
Preferably, the free lead content of the lead powder is more than or equal to 35 percent or the oxidation degree is less than or equal to 65 percent, so that enough lead and oxygen are ensured to react exothermically in the curing process, and the corrosion reaction of the surface of the grid is accelerated; meanwhile, the tubular electrode active substances are distributed around the ribs in an annular mode, and the problem that the traditional plate electrode is deformed due to the fact that the oxidation degree of lead powder is low can be solved.
Preferably, in the step (1), after the addition of the sulfuric acid is completed, when the pressure value in the paste mixing device is less than or equal to 200mbar, the vacuumizing device is closed, the paste mixing device is sealed, and stirring is continued, so that oxidation of free lead in the preparation process of the lead paste is inhibited, and enough free lead remains in the solidification process to participate in exothermic reaction. Cathode polarization charging is performed on the positive electrode group to convert the positive electrode-converted lead sulfate into lead.
Preferably, in the curing procedure of step (3), the temperature is 15 ℃ to T 1 ≤20℃；60℃≤T 2 ≤75℃；P 1 ≥1.2P 0 (normal atmospheric pressure), 1 h.ltoreq.t 1 ≤3h；1h≤t 2 ≤3h。
A wet tubular positive electrode is produced by the above production method.
Preferably, the wet tubular positive electrode includes a paste-extrusion type positive electrode and a grouting type positive electrode.
The invention adopts a green plate curing process with low temperature, high pressure and high temperature and normal pressure which are alternately used, the low temperature can increase the content of dissolved oxygen in the microporous liquid film of the electrode, the high pressure is beneficial to improving the partial pressure of oxygen, when enough oxygen exists in the liquid film, the curing process with high temperature and normal pressure is immediately used, thereby accelerating the lead and oxygen corrosion reaction on the surface of the grid, when the high temperature consumes most oxygen, the procedure enters the low temperature, high pressure again, the concentration of the dissolved oxygen is increased again, and the cyclic reciprocation is sequentially carried out until the curing is finished.
The lead paste is prepared by using lead powder with low oxidation degree, the lead paste is prepared in an anoxic environment, and a green plate curing process with low temperature, high pressure, high temperature and normal pressure alternately is adopted. Specifically, the invention starts from factors influencing the grid/active material interface in the curing process, increases the corrosion rate of the grid surface in the curing process by increasing the free lead content and the solubility of oxygen in the micropores of the electrode, can solve the problem that a corrosion film is difficult to form due to the smooth surface of the pressure casting tubular grid, strengthens the connection between the grid and the active material, reduces the problem of overhigh initial voltage in the formation process of the polar plate, and improves the charge acceptance of the battery in the normal use process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, under the condition that battery manufacturing equipment is not added, the lead plaster preparation process and the curing program are adjusted by optimizing the raw material index, so that the initial end voltage of formation is obviously reduced, and the investment of formation charging equipment is reduced; meanwhile, the problem of poor charge acceptance of the wet tubular positive electrode is solved, and the technical popularization and application of the tubular positive electrode are accelerated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the combination of lead paste and ribs in an electrode according to the present invention and a conventional electrode;
wherein a is a traditional electrode, and b is an electrode according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a scan of the cathodic potential of an electrode according to the present invention and a conventional electrode;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the voltage change with time of the conventional battery and the battery fabricated using the electrode according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical scheme of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
All the raw materials used in the examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Sample electrode preparation:
lead powder (oxidation amount 63%), mass ratio 58%; 19% of red lead, 1.38g/mL of sulfuric acid solution, 7.8% of deionized water and 15.2% of deionized water. And (3) preparing the lead plaster by using a vacuum plaster mixing machine, adding lead powder and red lead with a formula amount into a sealed plaster mixing barrel, quickly adding deionized water after dry mixing for 5min, continuously stirring, slowly adding sulfuric acid solution with a formula amount, controlling the adding time to be 5min, vacuumizing a plaster mixing device in the sulfuric acid adding process, controlling the vacuum degree to be below 200mbar, stopping vacuumizing the sealed plaster mixing device after the sulfuric acid is added, and continuously stirring until the lead plaster is prepared. The prepared lead plaster is mechanically extruded into a grid cavity with the length of 5cm and containing ribs and calandria.
Placing the electrode with paste extrusion completion in a sealable curing device, and curing:
a) Temperature 15℃and pressure 1.5P 0 The time is 1h, and the relative humidity is more than 95%;
b) Temperature 60 ℃, pressure P 0 The time is 1h, and the relative humidity is more than 95%;
the steps a) and b) are alternately switched, wherein the switching transition time between the two steps is 0.5h.
And c, after the total curing time is 36 hours and 36 hours, continuously drying the electrode for 15 hours by using the step b.
Traditional electrode preparation:
lead powder (oxidation amount 75%), mass ratio 58%; 19% of red lead, 1.4g/mL of sulfuric acid solution, 7.8% of deionized water and 15.2% of deionized water. Preparing lead plaster by using a vertical plaster mixing machine, adding lead powder and red lead with formula amount into a plaster mixing cylinder, quickly adding deionized water after dry mixing for 5min, continuously stirring, slowly adding sulfuric acid solution with formula amount, controlling the adding time to be 5min, and continuously stirring for 15min after sulfuric acid is added until the lead plaster is prepared. The prepared lead plaster is mechanically extruded into a grid cavity with the length of 5cm and containing ribs and calandria.
Placing the electrode with paste extrusion completion in a sealable curing device, and curing:
a) The temperature is 40 ℃, the time is 48 hours, and the relative humidity is more than 95 percent;
b) The temperature is 65 ℃ and the time is 24 hours;
the sample electrodes and the conventional electrodes after curing were separated into two groups for analysis:
(1) Lead plaster and grid combination test
The cured electrodes were removed from the external gauntlet and the active material, respectively, and the combination of the lead plaster and the grid was observed, see fig. 1.
(2) Corrosion film electrical property test
And (3) carefully removing active substances from the two samples in the step (1), exposing an interface layer, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 10min in an absolute ethyl alcohol environment, and performing a chronic linear scanning experiment by adopting a three-electrode system. Scanning speed-0.001 V.s -1 Scanning range is-0.8 to-1.25V, and the traditional electrode is Hg/Hg 2 SO 4 (1.285g·cm -3 ) The electrode, the size of the polar plate is 4.0cm (W). Times.3.0 cm (H), the counter electrode is two lead plates with the same area, and the concentration of electrolyte is 1.280 g.cm -3 Is soaked for 5min before scanning. Experimental ambient temperature: room temperature. The scan starts from the equilibrium potential and the first reaction of the corrosion layer formed by the curing process occurs. The test results are shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the bonding strength between the lead plaster and the grid in the electrode prepared by the invention is higher, and a large amount of lead plaster is adhered to the surface of the grid. The reduction peak area of the electrode prepared by the method is obviously higher than that of the traditional electrode through potential scanning, which indicates that more corrosion layers are formed.
Example 2
Sample electrode preparation:
lead powder (oxidation amount 64.5%), mass ratio 55%; red lead, 25% of mass ratio, sulfuric acid solution (1.35 g/mL), 8% of mass ratio, deionized water and 12% of mass ratio. And (3) preparing the lead plaster by using a vacuum plaster mixing machine, adding lead powder and red lead with a formula amount into a sealed plaster mixing cylinder, quickly adding deionized water after dry mixing for 5min, continuously stirring, slowly adding sulfuric acid solution with a formula amount, controlling the adding time to be 5min, vacuumizing a plaster mixing device in the sulfuric acid adding process, controlling the vacuum degree to be below 200mbar, stopping vacuumizing the sealed plaster mixing device after the sulfuric acid is added, and continuously stirring until the lead plaster is prepared. And mechanically extruding the prepared lead plaster into a cavity of a positive grid of the lead-acid battery for D50H traction.
Placing the electrode with paste extrusion completion in a sealable curing device, and curing:
a) Temperature 20℃and pressure 1.4P 0 For 3 hours, the relative humidity is more than 95%;
b) Temperature 75 ℃, pressure P 0 For 3 hours, the relative humidity is more than 95%;
the steps a) and b) are alternately switched, wherein the switching transition time between the two steps is 0.5h.
The total curing time was 45h, after which the electrode was dried for 12h using step b.
Traditional electrode preparation:
lead powder (78% of oxidation amount) with a mass ratio of 58%; 19% of red lead, 1.4g/mL of sulfuric acid solution, 7.8% of deionized water and 15.2% of deionized water. Preparing lead plaster by using a vertical plaster mixing machine, adding lead powder and red lead with formula amount into a plaster mixing barrel, quickly adding deionized water after dry mixing for 5min, continuously stirring, slowly adding sulfuric acid solution with formula amount, controlling the adding time to be 5min, and continuously stirring for 15min after sulfuric acid is added until the lead plaster is prepared. And mechanically extruding the prepared lead plaster into a cavity of a positive grid of the lead-acid battery for D50H traction.
Placing the electrode with paste extrusion completion in a sealable curing device, and curing:
a) The temperature is 40 ℃, the time is 48 hours, and the relative humidity is more than 95 percent;
b) The temperature is 65 ℃ and 24 hours.
And (3) assembling the cured sample electrode, the traditional electrode and the corresponding negative green plate into a D-450 lead-acid storage battery sample for traction, and performing acid recycling to form:
the acid circulation low-density system is firstly opened, and the density of the low-density electrolyte is adjusted to 1.060g/cm 3 -1.080g/cm 3 In the range, the battery liquid injection port is connected with the connector for acid circulation, at the moment, the low-density electrolyte density flows into the single battery through the connector to start acid filling, the acid is circularly soaked for 2 hours after the acid filling is finished, then the acid circulation system is started to be connected with a power supply to start charging, the control program of chemical equipment in a computer is started, and charging formation is started according to parameters in table 1. In the low-density circulation process, the density of low-density electrolyte in the high-order acid tank flows into an acid circulation system through a certain pressure, the acid circulation system flows into an acid inlet pipe of an acid circulation connector through an acid inlet pipe so as to enter the battery, and then returns to an acid return pipe from the acid return pipe of the acid circulation connector and flows into a low-order tank.
TABLE 1
And before the acid cycle forming program runs to the last stage, closing the low-density acid liquor circulation system, starting the high-density acid liquor circulation system, and starting to circularly change acid. The specific operation is as follows: and (3) opening a hand valve of a cooling water pipe, opening a concentrated sulfuric acid valve, adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the system (when one circuit changes acid, the time for adding the concentrated sulfuric acid is about 30 min), closing the concentrated sulfuric acid valve after adding acid, taking acid liquor from a sampling port of a corresponding acid return pipe for measurement, and recording the acid liquor density and the temperature once. And adjusting according to the measurement result until the acid liquor density reaches (1.290+ -0.005) g/cm 3 (30 ℃) and stable for 0.5h. Acid recycleAnd (5) closing the cooling system after the formation charging stage is finished, and removing the acid circulation connector.
Performance tests were performed on both cells:
(1) Measuring the initial terminal voltage, and the test result is shown in fig. 3;
(2) 5hr capacity test, discharge current 90A, termination voltage 1.7V, record discharge time;
(3) High-rate discharge test, 450A discharges, the termination voltage is 1.5V, record discharge time;
(4) The high current charge test, 450A (1C), charges, records the time to 2.45V, and records the electrolyte temperature in the cell.
The test results of tests (2), (3) and (4) are shown in Table 2.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the initial end voltage of the battery prepared by the method is obviously lower than that of the traditional battery, and is reduced from 3.3V to 2.7V, which means that the internal resistance and polarization of the battery are effectively reduced, and the end voltage of the charging equipment is reduced from 165V to 135V by calculating 1 path of 50 batteries, so that the output power of the charging equipment can be obviously reduced, and the equipment cost is saved.
As can be seen from table 2, the formation yield was improved due to the reduction of the initial formation polarization, the conversion of the active material was increased, and the initial capacity was nearly 10 minutes higher than that of the conventional battery. The discharge performance of the heavy current 1C is higher than that of the heavy current for 6min, and the discharge performance is improved by 15 percent. The time for 1C charge to reach 2.45V indicates the charge acceptance of the battery, and the value of the battery prepared by the invention is increased by 7 minutes, which indicates that the positive electrode prepared by the invention has obviously improved charge acceptance and high-rate discharge performance. It was also found that the maximum internal temperature of the battery prepared by the invention was 4.5 ℃ lower than that of the conventional battery when charged at 1C, indicating a reduction in joule heat caused by a significant reduction in internal resistance of the battery.
TABLE 2
Traditional battery The battery prepared by the invention
5hr discharge time/h 5.01 5.17
450A discharge time/min 39 45
1C charging to 2.45V time/min 36 42
1C highest temperature at charge/. Degree.C 38.5 33
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and specific structures and features that are well known in the art are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A wet tubular positive electrode manufacturing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing lead plaster: adding lead powder and red lead into a sealed paste mixing device, adding deionized water after dry mixing, continuously stirring, adding sulfuric acid solution, vacuumizing the paste mixing device in the adding process, sealing the paste mixing device after sulfuric acid is added, and continuously stirring until the lead paste is prepared;
(2) Extruding the lead plaster prepared in the step (1) into a positive grid cavity with a calandria;
(3) And (3) curing the polar plate: putting the positive electrode plate finished in the step (2) into a constant temperature and humidity device with a sealing function, and curing the positive electrode plate according to the following procedure:
a) The temperature is 15 ℃ to less than or equal to T1 and less than or equal to 20 ℃, the pressure P1 to more than or equal to 1.2P0 and the time T1;
b) The temperature is more than or equal to 60 ℃ and less than or equal to 75 ℃, the pressure P0 and the time T2;
step a) and step b) are alternately switched;
after a period of total curing, continuing to dry the electrode by using the step b);
(4) The positive electrode plate is cured and dried, and the battery is assembled for standby;
the free lead content of the lead powder is more than or equal to 35 percent or the oxidation degree is less than or equal to 65 percent.
2. The method for manufacturing a wet tubular positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the lead plaster comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
55-58% of lead powder, 15-25% of red lead, 7-9% of sulfuric acid solution and 12-16% of deionized water.
3. The method for manufacturing a wet tubular positive electrode according to claim 2, wherein: the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 1.35-1.4g/mL.
4. The method for manufacturing a wet tubular positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), after the sulfuric acid is added, when the pressure value in the paste mixing device is less than or equal to 200mbar, the vacuumizing device is closed, the paste mixing device is sealed, and stirring is continued.
5. The method for manufacturing a wet tubular positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein: in step (2), the relative humidity of step a) is greater than 95%; the relative humidity of step b) is greater than 95%.
6. The method for manufacturing a wet tubular positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein: the switching transition time between the step a) and the step b) is less than or equal to 0.5h.
7. The method for manufacturing a wet tubular positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the total curing time is 36-45h, and after curing is finished, the electrode is dried for 12-15h by using the step b).
8. The method for manufacturing a wet tubular positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein: in the curing procedure of the step (3), t1 is more than or equal to 1h and less than or equal to 3h; t2 is more than or equal to 1h and less than or equal to 3h.
9. A wet tubular positive electrode, characterized in that: manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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