CN114562975A - Mechanical soil layer settlement layering measuring instrument - Google Patents
Mechanical soil layer settlement layering measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN114562975A CN114562975A CN202210197694.7A CN202210197694A CN114562975A CN 114562975 A CN114562975 A CN 114562975A CN 202210197694 A CN202210197694 A CN 202210197694A CN 114562975 A CN114562975 A CN 114562975A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical soil layer settlement layered measuring instrument, which is arranged on the ground surface of a roadbed and comprises a steering wheel component, a steel wire, a spring component, a transmission mechanism and an instrument panel, wherein the steering wheel component is arranged on the ground surface of the roadbed; one end of the steel wire is tensioned and pulled through the steering wheel component and the spring component, the expansion allowance of the steel wire is wound on the steel wire circumference wheel, and the other end of the steel wire is fixedly connected with the measured rod; the displacement of the steel wire is recorded between the steel wire and the spring component through a transmission mechanism and is displayed through an instrument panel. The multi-level displacement measuring instrument has the advantages that the vertical displacement of the measuring rod for soil layer height settlement transmitted to the ground is converted into the horizontal displacement of the measuring instrument through the steering guide wheel by utilizing the flexibility of the stainless steel wire, the settlement amount is directly and accurately displayed through the mechanical dial and the pointer after multi-level transmission amplification, and the precision is greatly improved. The instrument does not need professionals to repeatedly measure for a plurality of times for a long time, and labor cost is reduced; the invention is suitable for the height settlement measurement in the fields of railway beds and the like, in particular to the layered settlement measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a settlement gauge; in particular to a mechanical soil layer settlement and stratification measuring instrument.
Background
The construction can not be separated from the engineering measurement, and the most important thing in the engineering measurement is settlement measurement. Sedimentation measurement refers primarily to measuring the rise or fall of an object or surface being measured relative to a reference, such as the surface of the earth. Sedimentation measurement here refers to the elevation displacement occurring in the vertical direction with respect to the surface of the earth.
The most ground subsidence factors affecting buildings are many, such as railways, and the surface subsidence of the subgrade of the buildings determines and affects the smoothness of railway tracks. During the construction of the roadbed, earth may be filled in the earth surface to increase the roadbed, or a gully dug by a small mountain head may be lowered to lower the roadbed, and the roadbed, whether filled or dug, is rolled on the original ground surface, so that different soil layer layers are formed. Because of different construction methods or construction materials and different actual conditions of quality control in the construction process, the settling amount of each layer is not always in an absolute proportional relation with the thickness of each layer. After each layer is settled, settlement of the whole roadbed surface is formed, and figure 1 is a layered settlement stacking schematic diagram.
In the construction process of a railway under construction, settlement or uplift can be generated due to the fact that raw materials are filled, stacked or self-caused, and in order to accurately adjust the rail surface precision of a rail, the abnormal settlement amount needs to be controlled.
The existing settlement measurement methods are many, the mainly adopted devices comprise a GNSS, a total station, a level gauge, an array displacement meter, a static level gauge, a tape measure, a staff gauge and the like, and the high-precision size detection generally adopts a three-coordinate measuring instrument.
The layered settlement measurement mainly adopts a layered survey pin or a settlement plate burying or implanting method, and manual measurement is carried out by means of a total station, a level and the like, so that time and labor are wasted. Since sedimentation does not occur instantaneously, it is usually gradual, and the interval is long. The biggest defect of measuring methods such as a total station and the like is that the relative datum points are rechecked and measured in each measurement, so that the settlement change of the current elevation relative to the previous elevation is obtained, and the workload is extremely large. If the existing line is measured, the time of finding a non-operating skylight point is often needed to measure due to the fact that the railway needs normal operation, the time is short, measuring personnel must be evacuated for several hours after entering a field, and the logistics cost is high.
The layered settlement is measured by a magnetic ring, and the height position of the pre-embedded magnetic ring is inductively measured by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle to judge the settlement amount of the soil layer. The method needs personnel to use a probe for inducing magnetic force to induce the position of the magnetic ring irregularly so as to judge the settlement of each layer. The biggest disadvantages of this method are inaccurate positioning and low measurement accuracy. Because enough water is needed to fuse the paper binding band, and the soil quality and the climate in the north have insufficient underground water, the method can only be applied to construction measurement in parts of the south, especially in regions with low coastal altitude and rich underground water.
The layered settlement measurement selects a water level meter, and the liquid level height of the water level meter pre-buried inside the roadbed is judged by the liquid level height outside the roadbed by utilizing the principle of a communicating vessel. The most important defects of the method are that the liquid is easy to volatilize and leak, the time effect is not long, and the method has no practicability.
In addition, the settlement of the soil layer is a height direction, and the visual vision viewed by people can be preferably direct vision, but the measuring instrument is not suitable for being placed in a direct vision range with the height of more than one meter due to special reasons of railway operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a mechanical layered measuring instrument which has a simple structure and can visually and clearly display the settlement position and the level.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the mechanical layering measuring instrument for soil layer settlement is arranged on the surface of a roadbed and comprises a steering wheel component, a steel wire, a spring component, a transmission mechanism and an instrument panel; the steering wheel component is fixedly connected with the shell, one end of the steel wire is tensioned and pulled by the steering wheel component and the spring component, the expansion allowance of the steel wire is wound on the steel wire circumference wheel, and the other end of the steel wire is fixedly connected with the measured rod; the displacement of the steel wire is recorded between the steel wire and the spring component through a transmission mechanism and is displayed through an instrument panel.
The transmission mechanism comprises a head wheel component, a second wheel component, a third wheel component, a fourth wheel component and a fifth wheel shaft which are fixedly rotated through a bearing;
the head wheel component comprises a head wheel shaft and a head wheel sheet which are pressed into a whole;
the two-wheel component comprises two gear shafts and two wheel sheets which are pressed into a whole;
the three-wheel component comprises a three-tooth shaft and a three-wheel sheet which are pressed into a whole;
the four-wheel component comprises a four-tooth shaft and four-wheel sheets which are pressed into a whole;
the head wheel shaft, the three-tooth shaft and the five-wheel shaft are all provided with indicating pointers;
the head wheel sheet is meshed with the two gear shafts, and the transmission ratio is 1: 5, the two-wheel sheet is meshed with the three-tooth shaft, and the transmission ratio is 1: 4, the three-wheel sheet is meshed with the four-tooth shaft, and the transmission ratio is 1: 33333, the four-wheel sheet is meshed with the five-wheel shaft, the transmission ratio is 1: 3;
the thickness of each wheel sheet is 10mm, and the minimum clearance between each wheel sheet is 2.5 mm-3.5 mm.
The device also comprises a positive and negative shifting block part and a positioning device; the positive and negative shifting block component comprises a shifting block, a limiting shaft, a positioning cam, a shifting block support and a shifting fork embedded on the shifting block; the upper limit shaft and the lower limit shaft are arranged, so that deflection in the sliding process of the shifting block is avoided; the positioning device is arranged on the shifting block support and comprises a positioning shaft, a thrust spring, a positioning shaft rear cover and a positioning shaft front cover; a positioning shaft is arranged between the positioning shaft rear cover and the positioning shaft front cover, the thrust spring is arranged on the peripheral surface of the positioning shaft, and the thrust spring provides thrust for the positioning shaft; the positioning shaft is in contact with the positioning cam, and the positioning cam is used for positioning the shifting block under the thrust of the positioning shaft.
The head wheel sheet is provided with a raised shifting block, the shifting block is shifted by the shifting block, and the shifting block is driven by the shifting block to move back and forth within the range of the limiting shaft; the shifting fork is made of spring steel wires.
The steel wire peripheral wheel is provided with a steel wire groove, and the diameter of the steel wire groove + the diameter of the steel wire = the diameter of the central line of the steel wire; the steel wire can rotate in the fixed steel wire groove, the steel wire circumference wheel rotates for a circle in the steel wire groove, and the dial rotates for a circle.
And an embedded claw is formed at the lower part of the layered measuring instrument and is solidified in the roadbed by concrete.
The cover plate corresponding to the digital wheel is provided with a window matched with the digital wheel.
The steering wheel component comprises a steering wheel and a steering wheel support; the steering wheel support is fixedly connected with the outer side of the shell, the steel wire is a stainless steel wire, and the steel wire transmits and steers displacement through the steering wheel.
The invention has the advantages that the flexibility of the stainless steel wire is utilized, the vertical displacement of the soil layer after the height settlement is transmitted to the ground by the measuring rod is converted into the horizontal displacement of the measuring instrument by the steering guide wheel, and the settlement is directly and accurately displayed by the mechanical dial and the pointer after the displacement is amplified by multi-stage transmission, so that the invention is visual and clear and improves the precision.
The instrument measures accurate and reliable numerical values through a mechanical means, and has higher reliability compared with a static level gauge.
The instrument does not need to invest a large number of professionals to repeatedly measure for a long time, so that the labor cost is reduced; the invention is suitable for the height settlement measurement in the fields of railway beds and the like, in particular to the layered settlement measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the superposition of the stratified settlement
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the displacement settlement transfer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layered measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a layered measurement instrument according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the layered gauge of the present invention in use with a spindle;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a display of a layered gauge panel according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the layered gauge gearing of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an axial schematic view of the layered gauge gearing of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the positive and negative paddle parts and positioning device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the steering wheel assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an axial view of the power transmission of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view of a layered measuring instrument and a measuring bar according to the present invention.
In the figure:
10. steering wheel component 20, steel wire 30, spring component 40 and transmission mechanism
50. And (4) an instrument panel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
as shown in figure 4, the invention relates to a mechanical layered measuring instrument for soil layer settlement, wherein a pre-buried claw 1 is formed at the lower part of the layered measuring instrument, the pre-buried claw 1 is arranged on the ground surface of a roadbed by being tamped and solidified by concrete or other materials, a base 2 is connected with the pre-buried claw 1, a shell 3 is arranged on the base 2, and a dial cover 4 which can be removed is arranged above the shell.
As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, the layered measuring instrument includes a steering wheel member 10, a wire 20, a spring member 30, a gear mechanism 40, a dial plate member 60, a positive and negative dial plate member 60, and a positioning device 70, which are installed in a cavity of a housing 3; the housing 3 is combined with the cover plate 5 through the positioning column C to close the housing. The steering wheel component 10 is fixed outside the shell 3, a through hole of a steel wire 20 is processed on the wall of the shell 3, and the steel wire 20 at the steering wheel component 10 enters the interior of the shell of the layered measuring instrument after passing through the steering wheel component 10; one end of the steel wire 20 is tensioned and pulled with the spring component 30 through the steering wheel component 10, the expansion allowance of the steel wire 20 is wound on the steel wire circumference wheel 31, and the other end of the steel wire 20 is fixedly connected with the measured rod 6; the displacement of the steel wire 20 between the steel wire 20 and the spring component 30 is recorded by the transmission mechanism 40 and displayed by the instrument panel 50; the positive and negative paddle parts 60 and the positioning device 70 are mounted within the housing.
The instrument panel 50 and the cover plate 5 are integrated and are processed on the cover plate 5, three dials and two display windows are engraved in the scope of the dial cover 4, and an oil filling port and a spring shaft hole are arranged at the same time; the dial 51 of the instrument panel 50 is provided with three display discs respectively engraved with X1 mm, X0.1mm and X0.01mm, and is provided with a positive display window 52 and a negative display window 53.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the transmission mechanism 40 includes a head wheel member 41, a second wheel member 42, a third wheel member 43, a fourth wheel member 44, and a fifth wheel shaft 45 that are fixed for rotation by a bearing 46;
the head wheel component 41 comprises a head wheel shaft 411 and a head wheel sheet 412 which are pressed into a whole, and a convex shifting head is formed on the head wheel sheet 412;
the second wheel component 42 comprises a two-tooth shaft 421 and a two-wheel plate 422 which are pressed together into a whole;
the tricycle component 43 comprises a three-tooth shaft 431 and a tricycle piece 432 which are pressed into a whole;
the four-wheel component 44 comprises a four-tooth shaft 441 and a four-wheel sheet 442 which are pressed into a whole;
as shown in fig. 8, the head axle 411, the three-tooth axle 431 and the five-axle 45 are all provided with indicating pointers; mm, 0.1mm and 0.01mm are respectively displayed on the dial disc; the main scale is in units of millimeters (mm), and the small scale is displayed as 0.1mm by two-stage magnification of 10 times, and then as 0.01mm by two-stage magnification of 10 times. The 0.01mm accuracy is mechanical accuracy and does not require manual measurement. From head round to five rounds, a total magnification of 20 x 10 was obtained.
The head wheel plate 412 is meshed with a two-tooth shaft 421, and the transmission ratio is 1: 5, the two-wheel plate 422 is meshed with the three-tooth shaft 431, and the transmission ratio is 1: 4, the three-wheel sheet 432 is meshed with the four-tooth shaft 441, and the transmission ratio is 1: 33333, the four wheel sheets 442 are meshed with the five wheel shafts 45, and the transmission ratio is 1: 3;
the thickness of each wheel sheet is 10mm, and the minimum clearance between each wheel sheet is 3 +/-0.5 mm.
The settlement amount is in an actual site, the settlement condition is the majority, and the settlement is expressed by a positive value in the industry. Meanwhile, in an actual site, the phenomenon of so-called arching also occurs, and the rising occurs due to improper use of the formula of the construction material, and the rising amount is expressed by a negative value. Whether positive or negative is simply not visible from the dial hands unless the recording is being viewed at all times. In order to overcome the defect that when a layered measuring instrument is checked on site for a period of time, a dial pointer cannot identify whether the layered measuring instrument is settled or ascended, the layered measuring instrument is provided with a positive shifting block part 60, a negative shifting block part 60 and a positioning device 70.
As shown in fig. 9, the positive and negative shifting block part 60 includes a shifting block 61, a limit shaft 62, a positioning cam 63, a shifting block support 64 and a shifting fork 65 embedded in the shifting block 61; the shifting fork 64 is made of spring steel wires which have rigidity strength and deflection elasticity and are not blocked or interfered by movement when the positive shifting block 61 and the negative shifting block 61 are shifted; the convex shifting block of the head wheel piece 412 shifts the shifting fork 65; the limiting shaft 62 is divided into an upper part and a lower part, so that the shifting block 61 is prevented from deflecting in the sliding process, the shifting fork 65 drives the shifting block 61 to move back and forth within the range of the limiting shaft 62, and the dial surface of the shifting block 61 is printed with plus and minus, so that positive and negative are displayed on a display window on the dial; the positioning device 70 is arranged on the shifting block support 64, and the positioning device 70 comprises a positioning shaft 71, a thrust spring 72, a positioning shaft rear cover 73 and a positioning shaft front cover 74; a positioning shaft 71 is arranged between the positioning shaft rear cover 73 and the positioning shaft front cover 74, the positioning shaft rear cover 73 and the positioning shaft front cover 74 limit the positioning shaft 71 at the same time, the thrust spring 72 is arranged on the peripheral surface of the positioning shaft 71, and the thrust spring 72 provides thrust for the positioning shaft 71; the positioning shaft 71 is in contact with the positioning cam 63, and the positioning cam 63 positions the dial 61 under the urging force of the positioning shaft 71.
The steel wire circumference wheel 31 is formed with a steel wire groove, and the diameter of the steel wire groove + the diameter of the steel wire = the diameter of the central line of the steel wire; the steel wire 20 can rotate in the fixed steel wire groove, the steel wire circumference wheel 31 rotates one circle in the steel wire groove, and the dial rotates one circle, namely, the dial dials one circle of displayed numerical values;
diameter of center line of steel wire pi = length of one circle of steel wire = indicated value of one circle of main scale
63.661977*3.14159=200.00mm
The maximum measuring range of the layered measuring instrument is +/-200 m.
If the range of the layered measuring instrument is exceeded, the display value returns to zero, then the value is recorded again, if necessary, the new indication value can be added with or subtracted by 200m, if the range is exceeded, the process is repeated; the length of the driving spring is enough, the repeated turns of the layered measuring instrument can be ensured to run for more than 10 turns, and the settlement can be measured and displayed sufficiently. In the actual use process, operators can check data on site at irregular intervals, settlement often does not occur rapidly in a short period, and errors do not occur in the use process to exceed the maximum range.
In order to solve the problem that the point positions are easy to be confused after a long time because a plurality of measuring points are available during field measurement, the invention is provided with a numerical wheel, a display window is arranged on the surface of a watch disk, the number can be conveniently displayed, each point on the installation field is numbered according to the use, mileage and other factors, the mechanical numerical wheel is used for displaying without disorder or change, and the point positions can be pre-numbered in a laser printing or carving mode when leaving a factory; the problem of marks such as number ordering and mileage is solved, the mistake of the number ordering is not needed to be worried about, and the analysis and the arrangement or the storage of archived data can be carried out after the shooting is finished.
The steering wheel component 10 comprises a steering wheel 11 and a steering wheel support 12; the steering wheel support 12 is fixedly connected with the shell, the steel wire 20 is a stainless steel wire, and the steel wire transmits displacement to steer through the steering wheel 11. The oil box is not limited by the way of the oil box, the through hole of the steel wire 20 and the channel of the oil inside the shell to the steering wheel component 10.
Example (b):
the settlement of the soil layer is in the height direction, and the vision viewed by people can be preferably direct vision. The measuring instrument is safe in railway operation and is not convenient to place in a direct-view range with the height of more than one meter. Along with the fixed nature of the meter to the ground, it is preferred to place the settlement reader on the surface of the subgrade ground. To look directly at the ground reading instrument, the gear of the transmission wheel train of the mechanical instrument must be arranged parallel to the surface of the soil layer. The invention adopts a simple and practical steel wire rope structure without using complex structures such as worm and gear or bevel gears and the like.
The layered measurement refers to the measurement of multiple layers, and can also refer to the measurement of a single layer (one layer)
As shown in fig. 3, 5 and 12, the measuring rod 6 is rammed or implanted into the soil layer depth to be measured, and the bottom of the measuring rod 6 can be provided with a settlement plate 7 according to requirements; and according to the situation, a measuring rod 6 and a PVC pipe for protecting the measuring rod are added; the tail end of the measuring rod 6 is sleeved with a measuring rod hoop 8, the measuring rod hoop 8 draws the position relation of a measured layer by using a measuring rod hoop cross rod 9, an adjusting mechanism is processed and installed on the measuring rod hoop cross rod 9, the adjusting mechanism 80 comprises a steel wire height fixing bolt 81, a steel wire height fine-adjustment knob 82 and a steel wire locking knob 83, the steel wire 20 is locked by using the steel wire locking knob after being pulled to the proper position, the height position of the steel wire 20 is adjusted by using the property adjusting steel wire height fine-adjustment knob 82, and the steel wire height fixing bolt 81 is milled flatly to prevent rotation.
The ground surface temperature changes in the sedimentation measurement are consistent, and the same region in the same region cannot have too large temperature difference, so that the ground surface temperature difference can be ignored, and the measurement precision of the measuring rod cannot be influenced.
Simultaneously, the depth of the frozen soil layer in the north is about 1.8 meters which is an extreme depth in terms of inner Mongolia, the temperature of the measuring rod in the hole is in a relatively stable state, a PVC pipe is arranged outside the measuring rod, heat insulating materials such as foaming adhesive can be filled between the measuring rod and the PVC pipe to avoid errors, and the measuring rod can also be measured and eliminated by installing a prism A or a GNSS B. For a measuring rod depth of 10M, the linear expansion coefficient of metal: 10X 1000X 1.2X 10-5X 10=1.2mm swell.
The steel wire adopts flexible stainless steel wire, and its stainless steel wire needs measuring staff staple bolt horizontal pole, steel wire height fixing bolt, steel wire height fine setting knob and the combined action of steel wire locking button to carry out the adjustment when high pre-installation (when just adorning) to reach the original pointer of layering measuring apparatu and return to zero.
As shown in fig. 10, the steering wheel component 10 is a device for guiding a steel wire out of a cavity of a housing and then transferring displacement to a steering direction, and comprises a pressing block 13 for steel wire delivery and a bolt for screwing the pressing block for steel wire delivery, and the pressing block for steel wire delivery is removed after field installation and debugging are completed;
as shown in fig. 11, the spring member 30 provides power for the measuring instrument, and the spring drives the head axle, and the driving relationship of the wheels is as follows: head wheel piece → two gear shafts, two wheel pieces → three gear shafts, three wheel pieces → four gear shafts, four wheel pieces → five wheel shafts;
the transmission ratio is respectively as follows:
as shown in figure 2, the mechanical soil sedimentation layered measuring instrument of the invention has the working principle that the sedimentation amount at the bottom is transferred to the surface through the measuring rod, the displacement of the measuring rod is changed into the vertical direction, the measuring rod is connected with the measuring instrument through the steel wire to convert the sedimentation value in the vertical direction into the horizontal direction, the horizontal direction is displayed through the dial after the horizontal direction is amplified through multi-stage transmission, and the power of the instrument is transmitted from the spring part to drive each wheel part to rotate.
The invention utilizes the flexibility of the stainless steel wire, converts the displacement in the vertical direction after the measuring rod for measuring the height settlement of the soil layer is transmitted to the ground into the displacement in the horizontal direction of the measuring instrument through the steering guide wheel, directly and accurately displays the settlement through the mechanical dial and the pointer after the displacement is amplified through multi-stage transmission, and the invention is visual and clear and improves the precision. In addition, a group of digital number character wheels capable of being rotatably debugged are additionally arranged on the reading instrument, so that the problem of identification such as number counting and mileage is solved.
For the railway roadbed, railway line patrolmen can check at any time when the railway roadbed is in a skylight spot at night, can take pictures and can record the pictures; and a large amount of professionals are not required to be invested for repeated measurement for a plurality of times for a long time, and the labor cost is reduced. The invention is suitable for the height settlement measurement in the fields of railway beds and the like, in particular to the layered settlement measurement.
The gear train of the invention adopts stainless steel material, and other materials adopt hot galvanizing antiseptic treatment, thus having long service life.
It should be noted that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above specific examples, and the object of the present invention can be achieved by substantially the same structure according to the basic technical concept of the present invention, and embodiments that can be imagined by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A mechanical soil layer settlement and stratification measuring instrument is characterized in that the stratification measuring instrument is installed on the ground surface of a roadbed and comprises a steering wheel component (10), a steel wire (20), a spring component (30), a transmission mechanism (40) and an instrument panel (50); the steering wheel component (10) is fixedly connected with the shell, one end of the steel wire (20) is tensioned and pulled with the spring component (30) through the steering wheel component (10), the telescopic allowance of the steel wire (20) is wound on the steel wire circumference wheel, and the other end of the steel wire (20) is fixedly connected with the measured rod; the displacement of the steel wire (20) is recorded between the steel wire (20) and the spring component (30) through a transmission mechanism (40) and is displayed through an instrument panel (50).
2. The mechanical soil stratification measuring instrument of claim 1, wherein the transmission mechanism (40) comprises a head wheel member (41), a second wheel member (42), a third wheel member (43), a fourth wheel member (44) and a fifth wheel shaft (45) which are fixedly rotated by a bearing (46);
the head wheel component (41) comprises a head wheel shaft (411) and a head wheel sheet (412) which are pressed into a whole;
the two-wheel component (42) comprises a two-tooth shaft (421) and a two-wheel sheet (422) which are pressed into a whole;
the three-wheel component (43) comprises a three-tooth shaft (431) and a three-wheel sheet (432) which are pressed into a whole;
the four-wheel component (44) comprises a four-tooth shaft (441) and a four-wheel sheet (442) which are pressed into a whole;
the head wheel shaft (411), the three-tooth shaft (431) and the five wheel shaft (45) are all provided with indicating pointers;
the head wheel sheet (412) is meshed with the two gear shafts (421), and the transmission ratio is 1: 5, the two-wheel plate (422) is meshed with the three-tooth shaft (431), and the transmission ratio is 1: 4, the three-wheel sheet (432) is meshed with the four-tooth shaft (441), and the transmission ratio is 1: 33333, the four-wheel sheet (442) is meshed with the five-wheel shaft (45), and the transmission ratio is 1: 3;
the thickness of each wheel sheet is 10mm, and the minimum clearance between each wheel sheet is 2.5 mm-3.5 mm.
3. The mechanical soil layer settlement and stratification measuring instrument according to claim 1, further comprising positive and negative shifting block members (60) and a positioning device (70); the positive and negative shifting block component (60) comprises a shifting block (61), a limiting shaft (62), a positioning cam (63), a shifting block support (64) and a shifting fork (65) embedded in the shifting block (61); the two limiting shafts (62) are arranged up and down, so that deflection of the shifting block (61) in the sliding process is avoided; the positioning device (70) is arranged on the shifting block support (64), and the positioning device (70) comprises a positioning shaft (71), a thrust spring (72), a positioning shaft rear cover (73) and a positioning shaft front cover (74); a positioning shaft (71) is arranged between the positioning shaft rear cover (73) and the positioning shaft front cover (74), the thrust spring (72) is arranged on the peripheral surface of the positioning shaft (71), and the thrust spring (72) provides thrust for the positioning shaft (71); the positioning shaft (71) is in contact with the positioning cam (63), and the positioning cam (63) positions the shifting block (61) under the thrust of the positioning shaft (71).
4. The mechanical soil layer settlement and stratification measuring instrument of claim 1, wherein the head wheel piece (412) is formed with a raised shifting block, the shifting block shifts the shifting fork (64), and the shifting fork (64) drives the shifting block (61) to move back and forth within the range of the limit shaft (62); the shifting fork (64) is made of spring steel wires.
5. Mechanical soil layer settlement layered measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire circumference wheel (31) is formed with a wire groove, the diameter of the wire groove + the wire diameter = the diameter of the center line of the wire; the steel wire (20) can rotate in the fixed steel wire groove, the steel wire circumference wheel rotates for one circle in the steel wire groove, and the dial rotates for one circle.
6. The mechanical soil layer settlement layered measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pre-buried claw (2) is formed at the lower part of the layered measuring instrument (1), and the pre-buried claw (2) is solidified in a roadbed by concrete.
7. The mechanical soil layer settlement layered measuring instrument of claim 1, further comprising a digital wheel, wherein a window matched with the digital wheel is formed on a cover plate corresponding to the digital wheel.
8. Mechanical soil layer settlement delamination gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that said steering wheel means (10) comprises a steering wheel (11) and a steering wheel support (12); the steering wheel support (12) is fixedly connected with the outer side of the shell, the steel wire (20) is a stainless steel wire, and the steel wire (20) transmits displacement to steer through the steering wheel (11).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115582688A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-10 | 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 | Bolt righting and dismounting device |
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