CN114561086A - Water-lubricated composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-lubricated composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
Abstract
The invention provides a water-lubricated composite material which comprises a resin matrix and a fiber reinforcement body, wherein the fiber reinforcement body is wood morph-genetic fiber. Further preferably, the water-lubricated composite material provided by the invention comprises graphene, morph-genetic fibers and epoxy resin, wherein the graphene is distributed on the surface of the morph-genetic fiber material, and the graphene-morph-genetic fibers are impregnated in the epoxy resin. The wood surface modified graphene of the water-lubricated composite material provided by the invention has an antifriction effect, and the mechanical property of the epoxy resin is improved by utilizing natural wood fibers and natural fine three-dimensional structures thereof, namely morph-genetic fibers. The novel green environment-friendly water-lubricating composite material with high strength, high toughness and low friction performance prepared by using the wood fiber is a brand new application of transforming plant fiber into a high-end technological new material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wood laser-induced graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite materials and preparation methods thereof, and particularly relates to a water-lubricated composite material.
Background
The gradual popularization and application of the water lubricating material changes the traditional concept of a mechanical transmission system for a long time, and has the advantages of economy, environmental protection, safety and the like. The development of water-lubricated materials has three main stages, the first stage being the wood material stage mainly made of iron pear wood. The second stage is the stage of monomer rubber material such as natural rubber, nitrile rubber and the like. The third stage is mainly a composite material stage using rubber as a substrate, and the composite materials such as SPA, sialon, BTG and the like are mainly used at the beginning. With the development of science and technology and the rise of petrochemical industry, artificial fiber and plastic gradually replace plant fiber to become mainstream materials due to the advantages of high development of production technology, product diversity, good durability and the like. However, petroleum is not a renewable resource, and people have to think about the utilization of materials again. In the trend of environmental protection and continuance, natural plant fibers are gaining importance again, and in recent years, composite materials using plant fibers as reinforcements are attracting attention.
The natural plant fiber-based composite material has excellent performance, but the natural plant fiber has unique structural performance, so that the natural plant fiber and the polymer are compounded, and problems exist, such as poor matching of the fiber and the resin, improvement of physical and mechanical properties, expansion of application of industrial high-end functional parts and the like.
In recent years, the study of the interaction between laser and wood has been a hotspot in laser applications and wood treatment. The laser-induced graphene is prepared by using CO under the protection of inert gas2The laser irradiation is carried out on pine, birch and oak, and graphene is successfully prepared on the surface of the wood. Graphene prepared by the new technology provides a new idea for the utilization of wood in the field of high-end materials, and has been paid attention to the fields of flexible conductive materials, supercapacitors, solar evaporators and the like at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the novel wood morph-genetic fiber water-lubricating composite material is prepared by the method. Based on the academic idea of 'morph-genetic', the natural 'structure' of the wood is effectively 'inherited' by a manual method, the chemical components of the wood are changed, and the biological natural fine three-dimensional structure is prepared, and the special characteristics and functions are endowed by a selective composite material, so that the study is deeply carried out in the field of bionics, such as morph-genetic materials and the like. The term "morph-genetic fiber" in the present invention is defined as wood fiber which is left after removing lignin, hemicellulose and other components from wood and inherits natural fine three-dimensional structure. The wood morph-genetic fiber is utilized, the wood fiber is utilized, and the three-dimensional structure of the wood morph-genetic fiber can be utilized to improve the mechanical properties of the composite material, such as strength, toughness and the like. Through methods such as bacterial treatment, alkali treatment and the like, adhesives such as lignin and hemicellulose and parenchyma cells are selectively removed, so that wood fibers are separated on a large scale under the condition of almost no mechanical damage, and the fibers consist of cellulose nano fibers which are closely arranged and have strong hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force and have the characteristics of high strength and high toughness. The method fully utilizes the antifriction performance of the laser-induced graphene of the wood and the high-strength and high-toughness characteristics of the wood fibers to prepare the water-lubricated epoxy resin composite material with the self-lubricating characteristic, has important practical significance for development and utilization of novel water-lubricated composite materials, and is a brand-new application for changing the metamorphosis of plant fibers into high-end technological new materials.
The invention provides a water-lubricated composite material which comprises a resin matrix and a fiber reinforcement body, wherein the fiber reinforcement body is wood morph-genetic fiber. The morph-genetic fiber is wood fiber with a natural three-dimensional structure of wood and mainly plays a role in strengthening and toughening.
Preferably, the resin matrix is epoxy resin, and graphene is distributed on the surface of the morph-genetic fiber material.
Any one of the above is preferred, wherein the graphene is obtained by irradiating the surface of the natural wood with laser. In the prior art, graphene powder is mainly mixed with an epoxy resin material in an adding mode of graphene, and when micron-sized or nano-sized graphene powder in the current market is added into materials such as epoxy resin, the problems of agglomeration and poor dispersibility easily occur. The laser-induced graphene for the wood is prepared on the surface of the wood, and is low in cost.
The water-lubricated composite material provided by the invention preferably comprises graphene, morph-genetic fibers and epoxy resin, wherein the graphene is distributed on the surface of the morph-genetic fiber material, and the graphene-morph-genetic fibers are impregnated in the epoxy resin. The wood surface modified graphene of the water-lubricated composite material provided by the invention has an antifriction effect, and the mechanical property of the epoxy resin is improved by utilizing natural wood fibers and natural fine three-dimensional structures thereof, namely morph-genetic fibers. The novel green environment-friendly water-lubricating composite material with high strength, high toughness and low friction performance prepared by utilizing the natural wood fiber is a brand new application for changing the 'disintegration' of the plant fiber into a high-end technological new material.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-lubricated composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a laser-induced graphene material on the surface of the natural wood to obtain surface graphene wood;
step 2: carrying out delignification extraction treatment on the surface graphene wood obtained in the step 1 to obtain graphene-morph-genetic fiber;
and step 3: carrying out surface modification on the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step 2 through a coupling agent;
and 4, step 4: preparing an epoxy resin solution;
and 5: and (3) dipping the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step (3) into the epoxy resin solution obtained in the step (4) to obtain the graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite material.
Preferably, in step 1, the natural wood is dried, and then the surface of the wood is irradiated by laser in a gas-shielded environment, so as to obtain the laser-induced graphene material on the surface of the wood.
The preferable scheme of the step 1 comprises the following steps: firstly, drying natural wood at 100 ℃, and then irradiating the surface of the wood by laser under a gas protection environment to obtain a laser-induced graphene material on the surface of the wood.
Any of the foregoing preferences may be that the laser is CO selective2The laser device, the near-infrared picosecond laser device, the nanosecond laser device and the like are adopted, the preferred laser feeding speed is 3-20 cm/s, and the laser power is 1-30W, laser energy density of 100-1000J/cm2。
Any one of the above is preferably represented by Ar and H2And (3) carrying out environmental protection on the gas, wherein the flow rate of Ar protective gas is 100-150 ml/min, and the flow rate of H2 protective gas is 100-200 ml/min. Preventing the surface of the wood from being oxidized.
In any of the above-described preferred methods, in step 2, the surface graphene wood obtained in step 1 is subjected to delignification extraction treatment with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
The preferable scheme of the step 2 is as follows: and (3) carrying out delignification extraction treatment on the surface graphene wood obtained in the step (1) by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution so as to achieve the purpose of removing substances such as lignin, hemicellulose and the like, and obtaining the legacy fiber material with the graphene layer on the surface and the natural wood inside.
Any one of the above is preferable that the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 5% to 12%, and the extraction treatment of lignin and hemicellulose is performed on the wood under the boiling condition of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the time is controlled to be 7 to 20 hours, then the wood is repeatedly washed by purified water for 2 to 4 times, and finally the wood is dried at 100 ℃ to obtain the natural wood morph-genetic fiber material, namely the graphene-morph-genetic fiber, with the graphene layer on the surface and the natural wood morph-genetic fiber material inside.
The preferable scheme of the step 3 is as follows: and (3) carrying out surface modification on the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step (2) through a coupling agent, and enhancing the interface combination of the morph-genetic fiber surface and epoxy resin.
Any one of the above preferable methods is that in the step 3, the coupling method is to soak the graphene-morph-genetic fibers in a coupling agent-ethanol solution at 45 ℃ for 4-8 hours; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent or an anhydride coupling agent, and the mass fraction of the coupling agent is 0.1-1%. After the surfaces of the graphene and the genetic fiber are modified by the coupling agent, the problem of poor interface compatibility between the graphene and the genetic fiber is solved, and the compatibility between the surfaces of the graphene and the genetic fiber and the resin is better.
In any one of the above cases, in the step 4, the viscosity of the epoxy resin solution at 30 ℃ is preferably 200 to 600mPa · s.
The preferable scheme of the step 4 is that the epoxy resin, the curing agent, the diluent, the antioxidant and the like are mixed and stirred to prepare the epoxy resin solution.
Any one of the above is preferably prepared by mixing the diluent, the antioxidant and the like with the epoxy resin sufficiently at room temperature, stirring, then mixing with the curing agent, and curing at high temperature to prepare the epoxy resin solution. The viscosity of the epoxy resin solution is 200 to 600 mPas at 30 ℃, wherein the viscosity of the epoxy resin solution is 5000 to 15000 mPas at 30 ℃, and the viscosity of the curing agent is 50 to 150 mPas at 30 ℃. The additive amount of the silane coupling agent or the anhydride coupling agent is 0.1-0.3%, and the additive amount of the diluent is determined according to the viscosity of the epoxy resin, so that the viscosity of the epoxy resin is adjusted to be in a proper viscosity range. The proper viscosity range refers to the viscosity of the epoxy resin solution being 200-600 mPa & s at 30 ℃.
The reagents used to prepare the epoxy resin solution are conventional in the art, such as butanediol dioxygen diluent, antioxidant 1076.
And 5, carrying out vacuum negative pressure impregnation on the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step 3 to obtain the epoxy resin solution obtained in the step 4, and curing at high temperature to obtain the wood laser-induced graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite material.
Any one of the above preferable method is that in the step 5, the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step 3 is subjected to vacuum negative pressure impregnation of the epoxy resin solution obtained in the step 4, the epoxy resin solution is impregnated under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 200-1000 Pa and the temperature is 30-60 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5-8 h, the step is repeated for 2-4 times, and then the curing is carried out for 24h under the condition that the temperature is 80-120 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace. And obtaining the wood laser-induced graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin self-lubricating composite material. The composite material can be used under the friction working conditions of dry friction, water lubrication or oil lubrication and the like.
The invention also provides the application of the water-lubricated composite material and the preparation method thereof in at least one friction working condition of dry friction, water lubrication or oil lubrication.
Compared with the prior art, the wood laser-induced graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the laser-induced graphene for wood is prepared by performing surface modification on the surface of wood through laser irradiation. During the laser irradiation process, wood begins to be converted into amorphous carbon, and the amorphous carbon selectively absorbs laser energy and then is converted into graphene. In the laser induction process of the wood, besides the selection of laser wavelength, power and protective gas, the selection is crucial to the generation of graphene, and the formation of graphene is directly influenced by the content of lignin. Wood with higher lignin content is more susceptible to the formation of laser-induced graphene. The graphene is modified on the surface of the wood in situ, so that the problems of easy agglomeration and poor dispersibility of the traditional graphene powder in epoxy resin are solved.
(2) The wood morph-genetic fiber is natural wood fiber and a natural three-dimensional structure thereof formed by removing lignin, hemicellulose and other substances by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Although the natural wood has simple components, the natural wood is endowed with mechanical properties such as high strength, high toughness, impact resistance and the like through a complex and fine structure combination. Therefore, the morph-genetic fiber is used for impregnating the low-viscosity epoxy resin, so that the morph-genetic fiber is fully filled in the pore canal inside the morph-genetic fiber to prepare the composite material, and the surface appearance and the natural three-dimensional structure of the fiber increase the mechanical properties of the composite material, such as toughness and the like.
(3) The water-lubricated composite material is created by comprehensively utilizing a wood laser induced graphene technology, an alkali liquor lignin removal technology and a vacuum impregnation epoxy technology, and utilizing low-price wood and epoxy resin materials, so that the novel green environment-friendly water-lubricated composite material is prepared, and the plant fiber is transformed into a high-end technological new material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a preparation process of a wood laser-induced graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite material.
FIG. 2 is a typical coefficient of friction curve for a water-lubricated composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be more clearly and completely described in the following embodiments, but the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. The examples are provided to aid understanding of the present invention and should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a preparation process of the wood laser-induced graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite material is provided. Step 1, firstly, drying the wood at 100 ℃, and then irradiating the surface of the wood by laser under a gas protection environment to obtain the laser-induced graphene material on the surface of the wood. Laser CO selection2The laser feed speed is 5cm/s, the laser power is 6W, and the laser energy density is 200J/cm2. By Ar and H2The gas is subjected to environmental protection, the flow rate of Ar protective gas is 130ml/min, H2The flow rate of the protective gas was 150 ml/min.
And 2, carrying out delignification extraction treatment on the surface graphene wood obtained in the step 1 through a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution so as to achieve the purpose of removing substances such as lignin, hemicellulose and the like, and obtaining the legacy fiber material with the graphene layer on the surface and the natural wood inside. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 10%, the wood and bamboo are subjected to lignin and hemicellulose extraction treatment under the boiling condition of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the time is controlled to be 8 hours, then the wood and bamboo are repeatedly washed by deionized water for 2 times, and finally the wood and bamboo are dried at 100 ℃ to obtain the morph-genetic fiber material with the graphene layer on the surface and the natural wood inside.
And 3, carrying out surface modification on the graphene-genetic fiber obtained in the step 2 through a coupling agent, and enhancing the interface combination of the graphene and the genetic fiber surface and the epoxy resin. The mass fraction of the silane coupling agent is 0.1%, and the graphene-morph-genetic fiber is soaked in a coupling agent-ethanol solution at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 5 hours.
And 4, preparing an epoxy resin solution by using epoxy resin, a curing agent, a diluent, an antioxidant and the like. The preparation process is that the coupling agent, the diluent, the antioxidant and the like are fully mixed with the epoxy resin at room temperature, and then the epoxy resin solution is prepared after the mixture is mixed with the curing agent. The viscosity of the epoxy resin solution is 500 mPas at 30 ℃, wherein the viscosity of the epoxy resin is 10000 mPas at 30 ℃, and the viscosity of the curing agent is 100 mPas at 30 ℃. The amount of diluent added is 1%.
The preparation of the epoxy resin solution is a conventional technical scheme in the field, and reagents such as epoxy resin, a curing agent, a diluent, an antioxidant and the like which can be used for preparing the epoxy resin solution in the prior art are all suitable for the invention.
And 5, carrying out vacuum negative pressure impregnation on the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step 3 to obtain the epoxy resin solution obtained in the step 4, and curing to obtain the wood laser-induced graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite material. And (3) impregnating the wood with an epoxy resin solution at the vacuum degree of 500Pa and the temperature of 30 ℃, keeping the pressure for 5h, repeating the step for 2 times, and curing the wood for 24h at the temperature of 120 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace to obtain the wood laser-induced graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite material.
The tribological performance of the composite material is tested by a UMT (unified modeling test machine) friction abrasion tester under a room temperature environment, a ball-surface contact mode is adopted, the ball is made of GCr15 steel, the diameter is 8mm, the amplitude of reciprocating motion is 4mm, the load is 40N, the frequency is 10Hz, and the lubricating medium is deionized water. The results show that the friction coefficient is less than 0.1 under dry friction and water lubrication conditions, and a typical friction coefficient curve is shown in fig. 2. The water-lubricated composite material obtained by the invention provides technical support for developing novel green environment-friendly water-lubricated bearings with low friction and high wear resistance, such as marine equipment, hydroelectric equipment and the like; also is a brand new exploration for changing the wood into a high-grade technological new material.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, so that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water-lubricated composite material comprising a resin matrix and a fibre reinforcement, characterised in that the fibre reinforcement is a wood-derived fibre.
2. The water-lubricated composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin matrix is epoxy resin, and graphene is distributed on the material surface of the morph-genetic fibers.
3. The water-lubricated composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the graphene is obtained by laser irradiation of the surface of natural wood.
4. A method of preparing a water-lubricated composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1: obtaining a laser-induced graphene material on the surface of the natural wood to obtain surface graphene wood;
step 2: carrying out delignification extraction treatment on the surface graphene wood obtained in the step 1 to obtain graphene-morph-genetic fiber;
and step 3: carrying out surface modification on the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step 2 through a coupling agent;
and 4, step 4: preparing an epoxy resin solution;
and 5: and (4) impregnating the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step (3) in the epoxy resin solution obtained in the step (4) to obtain the graphene/morph-genetic fiber/epoxy resin water-lubricated composite material.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1, the natural wood is dried, and then the surface of the wood is irradiated by laser in a gas protection environment, so that the laser-induced graphene material is obtained on the surface of the wood.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step 2, the surface graphene wood obtained in step 1 is subjected to delignification extraction treatment with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 3, the coupling method comprises the steps of soaking the graphene-morph-genetic fibers in a coupling agent-ethanol solution at 45 ℃ for 4-8 hours; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent or an anhydride coupling agent, and the mass fraction of the coupling agent is 0.1-1%.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 4, the viscosity of the epoxy resin solution at 30 ℃ is 200 to 600 mPa-s.
9. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 5, the graphene-morph-genetic fiber obtained in the step 3 is subjected to vacuum negative pressure impregnation of the epoxy resin solution obtained in the step 4, the epoxy resin solution is impregnated under the conditions of a vacuum degree of 200 to 1000Pa and a temperature of 30 to 60 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5 to 8 hours, the step is repeated for 2 to 4 times, and then the curing is carried out in a heat treatment furnace at a temperature of 80 to 120 ℃ for 24 hours.
10. Use of the water-lubricated composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 9 for at least one friction condition of dry friction, water lubrication or oil lubrication.
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Application publication date: 20220531 Assignee: TIANJIN ZHONGJIAN GUOKANG NANO TECHNOLOGY Inc.,Ltd. Assignor: TIANJIN University OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION (CHINA VOCATIONAL TRAINING INSTRUCTOR TRAINING CENTER) Contract record no.: X2024980003884 Denomination of invention: A water lubricated composite material and its preparation method Granted publication date: 20230801 License type: Common License Record date: 20240402 |