CN114558521B - Layered material distribution moving bed reaction device and use method - Google Patents
Layered material distribution moving bed reaction device and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114558521B CN114558521B CN202210228460.4A CN202210228460A CN114558521B CN 114558521 B CN114558521 B CN 114558521B CN 202210228460 A CN202210228460 A CN 202210228460A CN 114558521 B CN114558521 B CN 114558521B
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
- B01J8/085—Feeding reactive fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
- B01J8/082—Controlling processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
- B01J8/10—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
Abstract
The invention discloses a layered material distribution moving bed reaction device and a using method thereof, which improve the diffusion uniformity of feed gas in a catalyst bed layer, promote the effective contact of a catalyst and the feed gas and avoid the occurrence of a bias flow phenomenon; the catalyst bed layers are changed from single-layer stacking to multi-layer staggered stacking, so that the effective contact area of the catalyst bed layers and the raw material gas is increased, the conversion rate of the raw material gas and the utilization rate of the catalyst are increased, and higher production efficiency is obtained. The heating furnace coats the outer surface of the quartz reaction tube; the distributor is arranged in the top of the quartz reaction tube and comprises a first distribution wheel and a second distribution wheel, a first conical distribution cabin protrudes from the bottom of the first discharge tube, and an outlet of the second discharge tube is opposite to a first cambered surface on the surface of the first distribution cabin; the material distribution assembly comprises a first motor, a first material distribution wheel and a second material distribution wheel are arranged on an output shaft of the first motor, the spiral conveyor comprises a second motor, and a discharge auger is connected to an output shaft of the second motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical production, and particularly relates to a layered distribution moving bed reaction device and a use method thereof.
Background
In the technical field of producing carbon nanotubes by catalytic cracking with biogas (methane or pure methane) as a raw material gas, the reactors for realizing industrial production which are published at present mainly comprise two types of reactors, namely a fixed bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor.
Common problems with these reactors include: the mass transfer efficiency is low: (1) The bed distribution of the catalyst is lack of design, and a single-layer laminated filling mode is generally adopted, so that the utilization rate of the catalyst and feed gas is reduced. The contact area between the catalyst and the raw material gas is limited; the contact with the catalyst is insufficient, and the effective utilization rate is low. (2) The product gas is not smoothly brought out, so that the decomposition reaction balance is shifted to the left, and the biogas conversion rate is low.
By adopting the intermittent operation mode, the equipment cannot realize continuous production, and the preparation time and the post-treatment time of the production are too long, so that the utilization rate of the equipment is greatly reduced. At the same time, product collection and separation is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the background art, the present invention provides a layered-distribution moving bed reactor and a method for using the same, which can improve the diffusion uniformity of a raw material gas in a catalyst bed, promote the effective contact between a catalyst and the raw material gas, and avoid the occurrence of a drift phenomenon; the bed layers of the catalyst are changed from single-layer stacking to multi-layer staggered stacking, so that the effective contact area of the catalyst bed layers and the raw material gas is increased, the conversion rate of the raw material gas and the utilization rate of the catalyst are increased, and higher production efficiency is obtained; the continuous production of the reaction equipment is realized through the automatic material distribution and automatic material discharge mechanism, the blank time is eliminated, and the equipment utilization rate is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to realize that:
a layered material distribution moving bed reaction device comprises a quartz reaction tube, a heating furnace, a material distributor, a material distribution assembly, a spiral conveyor, a control system and a material mixing tank;
the heating furnace coats the outer surface of the quartz reaction tube;
the distributor is arranged in the top of the quartz reaction tube and comprises a first distribution wheel and a second distribution wheel, the first distribution wheel is hollow, the second distribution wheel is hollow, the top of the first distribution wheel is communicated with a first feeding tube, the bottom of the first distribution wheel is communicated with a first discharging tube, the top of the second distribution wheel is communicated with a second feeding tube, and the bottom of the second distribution wheel is communicated with a second discharging tube;
a conical first material distribution cabin protrudes from the bottom of the first material discharge pipe, and an outlet of the second material discharge pipe is opposite to a first cambered surface on the surface of the first material distribution cabin; a conical second material distribution cabin protrudes from the bottom of the first material distribution cabin, and an outlet of the first material discharge pipe is opposite to a second cambered surface on the surface of the second material distribution cabin;
the outer surface of the first material distribution cabin is provided with a rotary shell, the surface of the rotary shell is respectively provided with a first discharge hole and a second discharge hole, the first discharge hole is opposite to the first cambered surface, and the second discharge hole is opposite to the second cambered surface; a driven fluted disc is arranged at the top of the rotary shell;
the distributing component comprises a first motor, a first distributing wheel and a second distributing wheel are arranged on an output shaft of the first motor, a first material pit is formed in the surface of the first distributing wheel in a concave mode, and a second material pit is formed in the surface of the second distributing wheel in a concave mode; the first distributing wheel is inserted into the first distributing wheel, the second distributing wheel is inserted into the second distributing wheel, a driving gear is fixed on an output shaft of the first motor, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven fluted disc;
the spiral conveyor comprises a second motor, an output shaft of the second motor is connected with a discharging auger, the discharging auger is inserted into the bottom of the quartz reaction tube, and a first material receiving tube is arranged on the outer surface of the discharging auger;
the control system is arranged on one side of the heating furnace and is communicated with the mixing tank through a pipeline, and the mixing tank is communicated with the bottom of the quartz reaction tube through a pipeline.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: the diameter of the first distribution wheel is different from the diameter of the second distribution wheel.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: the first feeding pipe and the second feeding pipe penetrate through the first fixing plate to be connected, and the first fixing plate is arranged on the upper surface of the quartz reaction pipe and sleeved with the clamp to be fixed.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: the outer surface cover in first cloth cabin and second cloth cabin is equipped with the bearing, and rotatory shell embedding bearing realizes rotating.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: the first distributing wheel and the second distributing wheel are integrally formed.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: the first material pit and the second material pit are arranged in a plurality of rows in parallel and are uniformly surrounded at intervals.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: the control system comprises an outer box, and a shell of the first motor is fixedly connected with a shell of the second motor and the outer box; still include the gas holder, the gas holder is placed in the outer container.
The use method of the reaction device of the layered material distribution moving bed is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1. starting a first motor through a control system, wherein the first motor drives a first distributing wheel and a second distributing wheel to rotate; the driving gear drives the driven fluted disc to rotate;
2. the carbon nano tube passes through a first feeding tube and a second feeding tube, respectively flows out of a first discharging tube and a second discharging tube through a first distributing wheel and a second distributing wheel, and is respectively sprayed into the quartz reaction tube from a first discharging hole and a second discharging hole, and the bottom of the quartz reaction tube is filled, so that the filling height of the carbon nano tube is positioned in a heat preservation area of the heating furnace;
3. the first feeding pipe continuously inputs carbon nano tubes, the second feeding pipe inputs catalysts, and the catalysts are sprayed out from the rotary shell to form a spiral multilayer alternate distribution lamination;
4. introducing nitrogen and hydrogen into a mixing tank through a control system, and setting the temperature of a heating furnace and the reduction time;
5. continuously introducing biogas into the quartz reaction tube through the mixing tank by a control system, and setting the temperature of the heating furnace and the decomposition reaction time;
6. in the reaction process of the fifth step, intermittently scattering a catalyst into the quartz reaction tube at a certain speed; and simultaneously, the second motor is started, the discharge auger continuously or intermittently pushes out the carbon nano tubes at a certain speed, and the first material receiving tube collects carbon products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding and beneficial technical effects that:
compared with the prior art, the layered material distribution moving bed reaction device and the use method thereof,
1. the equipment and the method of the invention use the automatic distributor to distribute and fill the carbon nano tubes at the bottom of the quartz reaction tube as the catalyst carrier, and realize the uniform distribution of the feed gas by utilizing the structural characteristic of loose and porous carbon nano tube filling layers.
2. The spiral multi-layer distribution of the catalyst and the carbon nano tube carrier in the quartz reaction tube is realized by simultaneously oppositely and rotatably scattering the catalyst and the carbon nano tube carrier. The filling mode of reducing the single-layer thickness of the catalyst and improving the number of the distribution layers effectively improves the effective contact area of the catalyst and the raw material gas and improves the conversion rate of the raw material gas and the utilization rate of the catalyst.
3. The automatic discharging device at the bottom of the quartz reaction tube is matched with the automatic distributing device at the top of the quartz reaction tube to realize continuous addition of the catalyst and continuous discharge of products, so that continuous production is realized, invalid blank time such as pretreatment (temperature rise), post-treatment (temperature drop) and the like and reduction pretreatment time are eliminated, and the utilization rate of equipment is greatly improved.
4. According to the invention, the material mixing tank is arranged outside the quartz reaction tube, the raw material gas is premixed, and is further mixed through the carbon nano filling layer, so that the raw material gas is uniformly distributed in the radial direction and moves in a plug flow manner in the axial direction, and the reduction of the conversion rate caused by bias flow and local gas nonuniformity is avoided. The direction of the air flow is opposite to the direction of gravity, and the direction of the air flow is the same as the direction of hydrogen diffusion, so that potential safety hazards caused by gas path blockage are avoided, hydrogen can be separated from the surface of the catalyst more efficiently, reaction balance is promoted to move to the right, and the good effect of improving the conversion rate of raw materials is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall explosive structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an overall sectional structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the distributor structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the rotating housing structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the cloth assembly of the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows: a quartz reaction tube 01; a first fixing plate 010; a clamp 011; a heating furnace 02; a distributor 03; a first distribution wheel 030; a first feeding pipe 0300; a first discharge tube 0301; a first cloth compartment 0302; a first arc surface 0303; a second distribution wheel 031; a second feeding pipe 0310; a second discharge pipe 0311; a second distribution chamber 0312; a second arc surface 0313; rotating housing 032; a first discharge hole 0320; a second discharge hole 0321; a driven fluted disc 0322; a cloth component 04; the first motor 040; a first distribution wheel 041; a first sump 0410; a second diverter wheel 042; a second pit 0420; a drive gear 043; a screw conveyor 05; a second motor 050; a discharging auger 051; a first material take-up pipe 052; the control system 06; a mixing tank 07;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in the following with specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings;
the embodiment provides a layered material distribution moving bed reaction device and a using method thereof, wherein the device comprises a quartz reaction tube 01, a heating furnace 02, a material distributor 03, a material distribution assembly 04, a screw conveyor 05, a control system 06 and a material mixing tank 07;
the heating furnace 02 coats the outer surface of the quartz reaction tube 01; the quartz reaction tube 01 and the heating furnace 02 are combined into a tube furnace which is the existing equipment and is used for heating and heat preservation;
the distributor 03 is arranged in the top of the quartz reaction tube 01; the distributor 03 comprises a first distribution wheel 030 and a second distribution wheel 031, and the first distribution wheel 030 and the second distribution wheel 031 are disc-shaped; the first material distribution wheel 030 and the second material distribution wheel 031 are connected or integrally formed and made of metal materials;
the first material distribution wheel 030 is hollow, the second material distribution wheel 031 is hollow, the diameters of the first material distribution wheel 030 and the second material distribution wheel 031 are different, and the first material distribution wheel 030 and the second material distribution wheel 031 are coaxially arranged; the top of the first material distribution wheel 030 is communicated with a first material inlet pipe 0300, the bottom of the first material distribution wheel 030 is communicated with a first material outlet pipe 0301, the top of the second material distribution wheel 031 is communicated with a second material inlet pipe 0310, and the bottom of the second material distribution wheel 031 is communicated with a second material outlet pipe 0311;
raw materials enter from a first material inlet pipe 0300 and a second material inlet pipe 0310 and are discharged from a first material outlet pipe 0301 and a second material outlet pipe 0311;
a conical first distribution cabin 0302 protrudes from the bottom of the first discharge pipe 0301, and the upper surface of the first distribution cabin 0302 is bent to form a first cambered surface 0303; an outlet of the second discharge pipe 0311 is opposite to the first cambered surface 0303 on the surface of the first material distribution cabin 0302; a conical second distribution cabin 0312 protrudes from the bottom of the first distribution cabin 0302, and the upper surface of the second distribution cabin 0312 is curved to form a second arc surface 0313; the outlet of the first discharge pipe 0301 is opposite to the second cambered surface 0313 of the surface of the second distribution chamber 0312;
that is, the raw material flowing out of the first discharge pipe 0301 passes through the second arc surface 0313, and the raw material flowing out of the second discharge pipe 0311 passes through the first arc surface 0303; the first outlet pipe 0301 and the second outlet pipe 0311 originally flow out through different paths;
the outer surface of the first material cabin 0302 is provided with a rotary shell 032, and the rotary shell 032 is sleeved on the first material cabin 0302 in a cylindrical shape; the surface of the rotating housing 032 is respectively provided with a first discharge hole 0320 and a second discharge hole 0321, and the sizes and shapes of the first discharge hole 0320 and the second discharge hole 0321 are set according to the requirements of raw materials;
the first discharge hole 0320 is opposite to the first arc surface 0303, and the second discharge hole 0321 is opposite to the second arc surface 0313; a driven fluted disc 0322 is arranged at the top of the rotary shell 032; the driven fluted disc 0322 is arranged around the rotary shell 032 and is annular to play a role in changing direction;
the distributing assembly 04 comprises a first motor 040, and an output shaft of the first motor 040 is provided with a first distributing wheel 041 and a second distributing wheel 042; the first distributing wheel 041 is matched with the first distributing wheel 030 in size, the second distributing wheel 042 is matched with the second distributing wheel 031 in size, and a height difference is formed between the first distributing wheel 041 and the second distributing wheel 042, so that different raw materials are prevented from being mixed, different raw materials can be distributed, and the same raw materials can be distributed at the same time;
the first material distribution wheel 041 and the second material distribution wheel are connected with the output shaft of the first motor 040 in a concentric shaft manner, so that the synchronous rotation effect of the first material distribution wheel 041 and the second material distribution wheel is achieved;
the surface of the first distributing wheel 041 is recessed to form a first material pit 0410, and the surface of the second distributing wheel 042 is recessed to form a second material pit 0420; the first material pit 0410 and the second material pit 0420 are cylindrical and are designed according to the shape and size of the raw materials; the first distributing wheel 041 is inserted into the first distributing wheel 030, the second distributing wheel 042 is inserted into the second distributing wheel 031, a driving gear 043 is fixed on the output shaft of the first motor 040, and the driving gear 043 is meshed with the driven fluted disc 0322; the driving gear 043 is sleeved and fixed on the output shaft of the first motor 040 to drive the driven fluted disc 0322 to rotate;
as described above, in a specific use process, raw materials enter from the first material inlet pipe 0300 and the second material inlet pipe 0310, reach the first material distribution wheel 041 in the first material distribution wheel 030, reach the second material distribution wheel 042 in the second material distribution wheel 031, the output shaft of the first motor 040 rotates, and the raw materials enter the first material outlet pipe 0301 and the second material outlet pipe 0311, and because the diameters of the first material distribution wheel 041 and the second material distribution wheel 042 are different, the discharging speeds of the first material inlet pipe 0300 and the second material inlet pipe 0310 are also different;
the driving gear 043 drives the driven gear to rotate, and the rotating housing 032 rotates around the first material distribution cabin 0302; the first discharge hole 0320 rotates around the first material distribution cabin 0302, the second discharge hole 0321 rotates around the second material distribution cabin 0312, the raw materials are respectively sprayed out from the first discharge hole 0320 and the second discharge hole 0321, and the first discharge hole 0301 and the second discharge hole 0311 have a height difference, so that the raw materials sprayed out from the two discharge holes, namely spiral falling, have an equidistant height difference, and form a parallel effect of spiral materials with two different pitches;
the spiral conveyor 05 comprises a second motor 050, wherein a discharging auger 051 is connected to an output shaft of the second motor 050, the discharging auger 051 is inserted into the bottom of the quartz reaction tube 01, the second motor 050 drives the discharging auger 051 to rotate, and the discharging auger 051 continuously outputs materials;
a first material receiving pipe 052 is arranged on the outer surface of the discharging auger 051; the first material receiving pipe 052 collects the output materials, and packaging and transportation are facilitated;
the control system 06 is arranged on one side of the heating furnace 02, and the control system 06 controls the operation of the whole device; the control system 06 is communicated with the material mixing tank 07 through a pipeline, the material mixing tank 07 is hollow, and different gases in the control system 06 are introduced into the material mixing tank 07 to be mixed; the mixing tank 07 is communicated with the bottom of the quartz reaction tube 01 through a pipeline. Then the reaction product is introduced into a quartz reaction tube 01 for reaction, and finally the reaction product is discharged from the top of the quartz reaction tube 01;
as described above, the first feed pipe 0300 and the second feed pipe 0310 are respectively installed with a first distribution wheel 030 and a second distribution wheel 031 with different diameters, and the bottoms of the first discharge pipe 0301 and the second discharge pipe 0311 are respectively provided with a first distribution cabin 0302 and a second distribution cabin 0312 which are tapered at upper and lower layers and are respectively used for receiving materials from the first feed pipe 0300 and the second feed pipe 0310;
the first material distribution cabin 0302 is sleeved with a rotary shell 032, and the catalyst and the carbon nano tubes are rotationally distributed in the quartz reaction tube 01 to form a spiral catalyst bed layer with a multi-layer part; seen from a single plane, in an alternating stacked configuration; the reaction contact surface of the catalyst is increased;
further, the diameter of the first distribution wheel 030 is different from the diameter of the second distribution wheel 031.
As mentioned above, the diameters of the two material distribution wheels are different, so as to realize different distribution speeds between different materials, thereby achieving the effect of staggered layers;
further, the first feeding tube 0300 and the second feeding tube 0310 penetrate through the first fixing plate 010 to be connected, and the first fixing plate 010 is fixed to the upper surface of the quartz reaction tube 01 by sleeving the clamp 011.
As described above, the whole distributor 03 is mounted on the top of the quartz reaction tube 01 through the first fixing plate 010, so that later-stage disassembly and assembly are facilitated;
further, the outer surface cover of first cloth cabin 0302 and second cloth cabin 0312 is equipped with the bearing, and rotatory housing 032 imbeds the bearing and realizes rotating.
As described above, the rotating housing 032 is fixed by a bearing to rotate, so that later-stage disassembly and maintenance are facilitated;
further, the first distributing wheel 041 and the second distributing wheel 042 are integrally formed.
As described above, the synchronization is better, and displacement deviation does not occur;
further, the first puddle 0410 and the second puddle 0420 are uniformly spaced and surrounded in a plurality of parallel rows.
As mentioned above, the effect of uniformly spraying the materials is achieved, and a better spiral stacking effect is achieved;
further, the control system 06 comprises an outer box, and the outer shell of the first motor 040 is connected and fixed with the outer shell and the outer box of the second motor 050; still include the gas holder, the gas holder is placed in the outer container.
The use method of the reaction device of the layered material distribution moving bed is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1. the first motor 040 is started through the control system 06, and the first motor 040 drives the first distributing wheel 041 and the second distributing wheel 042 to rotate; the driving gear 043 drives the driven fluted disc 0322 to rotate;
2. the carbon nano tube respectively flows out of a first discharge pipe 0301 and a second discharge pipe 0311 through a first material distribution wheel 041 and a second material distribution wheel 0312 through a first material distribution pipe 0300 and a second material distribution pipe 0310, and then is respectively sprayed into the quartz reaction tube 01 from a first discharge hole 0320 and a second discharge hole 0321, the bottom of the quartz reaction tube 01 is filled, so that the filling height of the carbon nano tube is positioned in the heat preservation area of the heating furnace 02;
3. the first material inlet pipe 0300 continues to input carbon nano-tubes, the second material inlet pipe 0310 inputs catalyst, sprays from the rotary housing 032 to be spiral multi-layer alternate distribution lamination;
4. introducing nitrogen and hydrogen into the mixing tank 07 through the control system 06, and setting the temperature of the heating furnace 02 and the reduction time;
5. biogas is continuously introduced into the quartz reaction tube 01 through the mixing tank 07 by the control system 06, and the temperature and the decomposition reaction time of the heating furnace 02 are set;
6. in the reaction process of the fifth step, intermittently scattering a catalyst into the quartz reaction tube 01 at a certain speed; and simultaneously, the second motor 050 is started, the discharge auger 051 continuously or intermittently pushes out the carbon nano tubes at a certain speed, and the first material receiving pipe 052 collects carbon products.
Example 1
By adopting the layered material distribution moving bed reaction device, the carbon nano tubes with the height of 30cm are filled at the bottom of the quartz reaction tube 01 through the material distributor 03, so that the top parts of the filling layers of the carbon nano tubes are positioned in the heat preservation area of the heating furnace 02.
The spiral multi-layer distributed catalyst and carbon nano tube lamination are scattered on the filling layer of the carbon nano tube by using a distributor 03, so that the single-layer thickness of the catalyst is 0.1-1mm, and the single-layer thickness of the carbon nano tube is 3-10mm. Nitrogen and hydrogen respectively enter a mixing tank 07 at the speed of 120L/h and 60L/h through a control system 06, the temperature of a heating furnace 02 is set to be 600 +/-10 ℃, and the reduction time is 20min. MOx + xH2 → M + xH2O.
Biogas (CH 4: H2= 10) was introduced into the mixing bowl 07 at a flow rate of 120L/H by the control system 06, the temperature of the heating furnace 02 was 650 ± 10 ℃, and the decomposition reaction time was 4 hours. CH4 → C +2H2 ↓ ×
Intermittently scattering a catalyst into the quartz reaction tube 01 at an average speed of 10g/h in the decomposition reaction process; the discharging auger 051 continuously or intermittently pushes out the carbon product at the speed of 0.5 KG/h.
The reaction results are shown in Table 1
Example 2
By adopting the layered distribution moving bed reaction device, carbon nano tubes with the height of 30cm are filled at the bottom of the quartz reaction tube 01 through the distributor 03, so that the top of a filling layer of the carbon nano tubes is positioned in a heat preservation area of the heating furnace 02.
The spiral multi-layer distributed catalyst and carbon nano tube lamination are scattered on the filling layer of the carbon nano tube by using a distributing device 03, so that the single-layer thickness of the catalyst is 0.1-1mm, and the single-layer thickness of the carbon nano tube is 3-10mm. Nitrogen and hydrogen respectively enter a mixing tank 07 at the speed of 120L/h and 60L/h through a control system 06, the temperature of a heating furnace 02 is set to be 600 +/-10 ℃, and the reduction time is 20min. MOx + xH2 → M + xH2O.
Biogas (CH 4: H2= 10) was introduced into the mixing bowl 07 at a flow rate of 180L/H by the control system 06, the furnace 02 temperature was 650 ± 10 ℃, and the decomposition reaction time was 4 hours. CH4 → C +2H2 ↓ ×
Intermittently scattering a catalyst into the quartz reaction tube 01 at an average speed of 10g/h in the decomposition reaction process; the discharging auger 051 continuously or intermittently pushes out the carbon product at the speed of 0.7 KG/h.
The reaction results are shown in Table 1
Example 3
By adopting the layered material distribution moving bed reaction device, the carbon nano tubes with the height of 30cm are filled at the bottom of the quartz reaction tube 01 through the material distributor 03, so that the top parts of the filling layers of the carbon nano tubes are positioned in the heat preservation area of the heating furnace 02.
40g of a catalyst was scattered over the packed layer of carbon nanotubes at one time by using a distributor 03. Nitrogen and hydrogen respectively enter a mixing tank 07 at the speed of 120L/h and 60L/h through a control system 06, the temperature of a heating furnace 02 is set to be 600 +/-10 ℃, and the reduction time is 20min. MOx + xH2 → M + xH2O.
Biogas (CH 4: H2= 10) was introduced into the mixing tank 07 at a flow rate of 120L/H by the control system 06, with a heating furnace 02 temperature of 650 ± 10 ℃ and a decomposition reaction time of 4 hours. CH4 → C +2H2 ↓ ×
The discharging auger 051 continuously or intermittently pushes out the carbon product at the speed of 0.5 KG/h.
The reaction results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
1. The bottom of the distributing device is provided with an upper layer of distributing cabin and a lower layer of distributing cabin, and the upper layer of distributing cabin and the lower layer of distributing cabin are respectively connected with a material conveying pipeline so as to avoid material mixing. The cloth cabin is externally provided with a rotary shell, and two discharge holes are oppositely formed in the rotary shell.
The spiral multi-layer distribution of the catalyst and the carbon nano tube powder can be realized by rotating the rotary shell. By reducing the single-layer thickness of the catalyst and increasing the number of the distribution layers, the contact area of the catalyst and the feed gas is effectively increased, and the feed gas conversion rate and the catalyst utilization rate are improved.
2. The material distributing device is provided with the material distributing wheels on the material conveying pipelines, the material distributing speed is controlled by controlling the angular speed of the material distributing wheels, and the feeding proportion of the two material conveying pipelines is controlled by controlling the diameter ratio of the two material distributing wheels.
3. According to the invention, the carbon nano tubes are scattered and filled at the bottom of the quartz reaction tube to serve as a catalyst carrier, and the raw material gas is uniformly distributed in the radial direction by utilizing the loose and porous structural characteristic of the carbon nano tube layer and passes through the multi-layer distributed catalyst bed layer in a plug flow mode in the axial direction.
4. According to the device, the second motor and the discharging auger are arranged at the bottom of the quartz reaction tube, so that the automatic discharging of the carbon product is realized. The top automatic distributing device and the bottom automatic discharging device are matched to realize continuous production, so that invalid blank time such as pretreatment (temperature rise), aftertreatment (temperature drop) and the like and reduction pretreatment time are eliminated, and the utilization rate of equipment is greatly improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, refer to orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, or the orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are used for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," "screwed" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected;
the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a layering cloth removes bed reaction unit which characterized in that: comprises a quartz reaction tube, a heating furnace, a distributor, a distributing component, a screw conveyor, a control system and a mixing tank;
the heating furnace coats the outer surface of the quartz reaction tube;
the distributor is arranged in the top of the quartz reaction tube and comprises a first distribution wheel and a second distribution wheel, the first distribution wheel is hollow, the second distribution wheel is hollow, the top of the first distribution wheel is communicated with a first feeding tube, the bottom of the first distribution wheel is communicated with a first discharging tube, the top of the second distribution wheel is communicated with a second feeding tube, and the bottom of the second distribution wheel is communicated with a second discharging tube;
a conical first material distribution cabin protrudes from the bottom of the first material discharge pipe, and an outlet of the second material discharge pipe is opposite to a first cambered surface on the surface of the first material distribution cabin; a conical second distribution cabin protrudes from the bottom of the first distribution cabin, and an outlet of the first discharge pipe is opposite to a second cambered surface on the surface of the second distribution cabin;
the outer surface of the first material distribution cabin is provided with a rotary shell, the surface of the rotary shell is respectively provided with a first discharge hole and a second discharge hole, the first discharge hole is opposite to the first cambered surface, and the second discharge hole is opposite to the second cambered surface; a driven fluted disc is arranged at the top of the rotary shell;
the distributing component comprises a first motor, a first distributing wheel and a second distributing wheel are arranged on an output shaft of the first motor, a first material pit is formed in the surface of the first distributing wheel in a concave mode, and a second material pit is formed in the surface of the second distributing wheel in a concave mode; the first distributing wheel is inserted into the first distributing wheel, the second distributing wheel is inserted into the second distributing wheel, a driving gear is fixed on an output shaft of the first motor, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven fluted disc;
the spiral conveyor comprises a second motor, an output shaft of the second motor is connected with a discharging auger, the discharging auger is inserted into the bottom of the quartz reaction tube, and a first material receiving tube is arranged on the outer surface of the discharging auger;
the control system is arranged on one side of the heating furnace, is communicated with the mixing tank through a pipeline, and is communicated with the bottom of the quartz reaction tube through a pipeline;
the diameter of the first material distribution wheel is different from that of the second material distribution wheel;
the first material pits and the second material pits are arranged in a plurality of rows in parallel and are uniformly spaced and surrounded.
2. The apparatus for a stratified moving bed reactor as recited in claim 1, wherein: the first feeding pipe and the second feeding pipe penetrate through the first fixing plate to be connected, and the first fixing plate is arranged on the upper surface of the quartz reaction pipe and sleeved with the clamp to be fixed.
3. The apparatus for a stratified moving bed reactor as recited in claim 1, wherein: the outer surface cover in first cloth cabin and second cloth cabin is equipped with the bearing, and rotatory shell embedding bearing realizes rotating.
4. The apparatus for a stratified moving bed reactor as recited in claim 1, wherein: the first distributing wheel and the second distributing wheel are integrally formed.
5. The apparatus for a stratified moving bed reactor as recited in claim 1, wherein: the control system comprises an outer box, and a shell of the first motor is fixedly connected with a shell of the second motor and the outer box; still include the gas holder, the gas holder is placed in the outer container.
6. A method of using a stratified moving bed reactor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1. starting a first motor through a control system, wherein the first motor drives a first distributing wheel and a second distributing wheel to rotate; the driving gear drives the driven fluted disc to rotate;
2. the carbon nano tube passes through a first feeding tube and a second feeding tube, respectively flows out of a first discharging tube and a second discharging tube through a first distributing wheel and a second distributing wheel, and is respectively sprayed into the quartz reaction tube from a first discharging hole and a second discharging hole, and the bottom of the quartz reaction tube is filled, so that the filling height of the carbon nano tube is positioned in a heat preservation area of the heating furnace;
3. the first material inlet pipe continuously inputs carbon nano tubes, the second material inlet pipe inputs catalysts, and the catalysts are sprayed out from the rotary shell to form a spiral multilayer alternate distribution lamination;
4. introducing nitrogen and hydrogen into a mixing tank through a control system, and setting the temperature of a heating furnace and the reduction time;
5. continuously introducing biogas into the quartz reaction tube through the mixing tank by a control system, and setting the temperature of the heating furnace and the decomposition reaction time;
6. in the reaction process of the fifth step, intermittently scattering a catalyst into the quartz reaction tube at a certain speed; and simultaneously, the second motor is started, the discharge auger continuously or intermittently pushes out the carbon nano tubes at a certain speed, and the first material receiving tube collects carbon products.
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