CN114554099A - Automatic photographing and recording device and method for relay manufacturing process - Google Patents
Automatic photographing and recording device and method for relay manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114554099A CN114554099A CN202210230361.XA CN202210230361A CN114554099A CN 114554099 A CN114554099 A CN 114554099A CN 202210230361 A CN202210230361 A CN 202210230361A CN 114554099 A CN114554099 A CN 114554099A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- relay
- light source
- computer
- camera
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/64—Computer-aided capture of images, e.g. transfer from script file into camera, check of taken image quality, advice or proposal for image composition or decision on when to take image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
- G03B17/56—Accessories
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10004—Still image; Photographic image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30168—Image quality inspection
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Studio Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic photographing recording device and method for a relay manufacturing process, which mainly comprise an industrial camera, a camera lifting platform, a light source lifting platform and a computer, wherein the camera lifting platform is arranged on the industrial camera; the industrial camera is arranged on the camera lifting platform; the lens of the industrial camera faces the relay workpiece; the light source is arranged on the light source lifting platform; the light source is positioned between the industrial camera and the relay workpiece, and the light emitting direction of the light source faces the relay workpiece; the output end of the industrial camera is connected with the input end of the computer, and the output end of the computer is connected with the control ends of the industrial camera, the camera lifting table and the light source lifting table. The invention can overcome the quality hidden trouble caused by the traditional manual mode of photographing, prejudging, transmitting, inputting and warning each stage of the relay workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of relays, in particular to an automatic photographing and recording device and method for a relay manufacturing process.
Background
In military relay production and manufacturing activities, providing and shooting high-quality picture data of field workpieces is an important form of field production and quality management. The traditional recording method comprises the steps that after proper illumination and position are found, a digital camera is used for shooting pictures of relay workpieces in each link of production and manufacturing of the relay, and the pictures stored in an SD card of the digital camera are led into a PC; then, after previewing the picture on a PC (personal computer) manually, performing a series of complicated manual operations such as whether the definition meets the requirement, whether the quality is qualified, whether the picture is completely shot, reading the number and the like; and finally, editing the file name of the photo according to the naming specification, storing the file name of the photo to a specified disk path, and recording the operation steps to a corresponding recording medium. The method can only carry out prejudgment, transmission, input and warning in a manual mode, and easily generates hidden quality troubles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the picture recording method in the traditional relay production manufacturing activity is easy to generate quality hidden trouble, and provides an automatic photographing and recording device and method for the relay manufacturing process.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an automatic photographing and recording device for a relay manufacturing process mainly comprises an industrial camera, a camera lifting table, a light source lifting table and a computer; the industrial camera is arranged on the camera lifting platform; the lens of the industrial camera faces the relay workpiece; the light source is arranged on the light source lifting platform; the light source is positioned between the industrial camera and the relay workpiece, and the light emitting direction of the light source faces the relay workpiece; the output end of the industrial camera is connected with the input end of the computer, and the output end of the computer is connected with the control ends of the industrial camera, the camera lifting table and the light source lifting table.
In the above scheme, the light source is an annular light source.
The automatic photographing and recording method for the manufacturing process of the relay, which is realized by the automatic photographing and recording device, comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing a relay workpiece at a photographing position, and selecting a preset system state file in a computer according to the work number of the relay workpiece, wherein the system state file comprises position coordinates of a camera lifting table and a light source lifting table;
step 4, the computer performs convolution operation on any color channel of the shot workpiece picture by using a Laplace algorithm to calculate the variance of the workpiece picture; if the variance of the picture is larger than the variance threshold value, the workpiece photo is determined to be clear, and the workpiece photo is reserved; otherwise, determining that the workpiece photo is fuzzy, and discarding the workpiece photo;
step 5, the computer extracts the characteristics of the reserved workpiece photos by using an image vision algorithm and extracts at least one identification area in the workpiece photos;
step 6, the computer compares each extracted identification area with a corresponding template file stored in the computer in advance in sequence; if the identification area is matched with the template file, determining that the parts corresponding to the identification area meet the process requirements; otherwise, determining that the parts corresponding to the identification areas do not meet the process requirements;
when all the identification areas meet the process requirements, determining that the relay workpiece meets the process requirements, storing the workpiece photo to a remote server, and writing the file name of the workpiece photo into a network database; otherwise, determining that the relay workpiece does not meet the process requirements, discarding the workpiece photo, and sending a rework reminding for the relay workpiece;
and 7, the product picture browsing website publishes the file name stored in the network database and the corresponding workpiece picture stored in the remote server in a webpage form, and remote tracing of the manufacturing process of the relay workpiece can be realized through a webpage retrieval function.
The step 4 further includes: and determining the definition score of the picture according to the variance of the picture and the threshold value of the variance threshold.
The file name consists of 8 fields, and the 1 st field is the splicing of the date and time of photographing; the 2 nd field is the work number of the relay workpiece; the 3 rd field is the component name of the relay workpiece; the 4 th field is the batch number of the relay workpiece; the 5 th field is the serial number of the relay workpiece; the 6 th field is the name of the inspector of the relay workpiece; the 7 th field is the picture definition score of the relay workpiece; the 8 th field is the process satisfaction of the relay workpiece.
The color channel in step 4 is a gray value.
Compared with the prior art, the method can overcome the quality hidden trouble caused by the fact that the traditional method is used for photographing, prejudging, transmitting, inputting and warning each stage of the relay workpiece in a manual mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic photographing and recording apparatus for a relay manufacturing process.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a display of a human-machine interface.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 industrial camera, 2 camera elevating platforms, 3 light sources, 4 light source elevating platforms, 5 computers and 6 relay workpieces.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an automatic photographing and recording device for a relay manufacturing process is mainly composed of an industrial camera 1, a camera lifting platform 2, a light source 3 lifting platform 4 and a computer 5. The industrial camera 1 is arranged on the camera lifting platform 2; the lens of the industrial camera 1 faces the relay workpiece 6; the light source 3 is mounted on a light source 3 lifting table 4. The light source 3 is located between the industrial camera 1 and the relay workpiece 6, and its light emitting direction is directed toward the relay workpiece 6. The output end of the industrial camera 1 is connected with the input end of the computer 5, and the output end of the computer 5 is connected with the control ends of the industrial camera 1, the camera lifting platform 2 and the light source 3 lifting platform 4.
The industrial camera 1 comprises a mechanical automatic focusing lens which is fixed on a camera lifting platform 2 and is used for carrying out image acquisition on a relay workpiece 6 at a dynamic position of the camera lifting platform 2. The camera lifting platform 2 comprises a servo drive control integrated module, automatically lifts to a proper photographing position according to the size of a view field of the relay workpiece 6, and the specific stroke is controlled by the computer 5. The light source 3 is a ring light source 3 which can be replaced for different lighting requirements for photographing and light source 3 heights. The light source 3 lifting platform 4 comprises a servo drive control integrated module, and automatically lifts to a lighting position according to the imaging requirement of the relay workpiece 6, and the specific stroke is controlled by the computer 5. The computer 5 comprises a human-computer interface and a control host, processes and stores the pictures taken by the industrial camera 1, and controls the camera lifting platform 2 and the light source 3 lifting platform 4. FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a display of a human-machine interface.
The automatic photographing and recording method for the manufacturing process of the relay, which is realized by the device, comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing a relay workpiece 6 at a photographing position, and selecting a preset system state file in a computer 5 according to the work number of the relay workpiece 6, wherein the system state file comprises position coordinates of a camera lifting table 2 and a light source 3 lifting table 4.
And step 2, the camera lifting table 2 and the light source 3 lifting table 4 move to the designated positions according to the position coordinates in the system state file.
And 3, clicking a shooting button on the computer 5, shooting the relay workpiece 6 by the industrial camera 1, and storing the shot workpiece picture in a preset archiving path in the computer 5.
And 4, performing convolution operation on any color channel of the shot workpiece picture by using a Laplace algorithm through the computer 5 to calculate the variance of the workpiece picture. If the variance of the picture is larger than the variance threshold value, the workpiece picture is determined to be clear, the workpiece picture is reserved, and meanwhile, the picture definition score is determined according to the variance of the picture and the variance threshold value. Otherwise, the workpiece picture is determined to be fuzzy, and the workpiece picture is discarded.
The image is subjected to definition calculation, so that the image not only can become a quantitative standard for evaluating the quality of the image, but also is an important basis for adjusting the object distance and the focal length of the camera. Considering that the picture pixels are high, calculating the sharpness by using the traditional edge detection method is time-consuming. The optical imaging mode is suitable for calculating the image definition after the Laplace equation is used for conversion because of the stable light source 3 and the high contrast ratio.
The laplacian is a differential operator, having rotational invariance. The laplace transform of a two-dimensional image function is the isotropic second derivative, defined as:
to be more suitable for digital image software processing, the equation is expressed in discrete form:
the method only needs to perform convolution operation on a certain channel (generally using a gray value) in the picture by using a Laplace algorithm, and then calculates the variance. If the picture has a high variance, it has a wide frequency response range, which represents a normal, accurately focused picture. But if a picture has a small variance, it has a narrow frequency response range, meaning that the number of edges in the picture is small, so the more blurred the picture is, the fewer its edges are. I.e. if a picture variance is below a predefined threshold, the picture can be considered blurred; if a picture variance is above a predefined threshold, it is not blurred.
And 5, extracting the characteristics of the reserved workpiece photo by the computer 5 by using an image vision algorithm, and extracting at least one identification area in the workpiece photo.
And 6, comparing each extracted identification area with a corresponding template file prestored in the computer 5 in sequence by the computer 5. And if the identification area is matched with the template file, determining that the part corresponding to the identification area meets the process requirement. Otherwise, the parts corresponding to the identification areas are determined not to meet the process requirements.
And when all the identification areas meet the process requirements, determining that the relay workpiece 6 meets the process requirements, storing the workpiece photo in a remote server, and writing the file name of the workpiece photo into a network database. Otherwise, the relay workpiece 6 is determined not to meet the process requirements, the workpiece photo is discarded, and the relay workpiece 6 is reminded of needing to be reworked.
In the long-time storage process of the picture files of the server, the situation that the index database is lost and the picture files cannot be classified possibly due to the problems of server migration, server damage and the like can occur. In order to avoid the situation and ensure that the picture files can be classified and sorted out when the situation occurs, the following naming rules are specially designed.
The following file-named examples are illustrative:
the file name consists of 8 fields, and the 1 st field is the splicing of the date and time of photographing; the 2 nd field is the work number of the relay workpiece 6; the 3 rd field is the component name of the relay workpiece 6; the 4 th field is the batch number of the relay workpiece 6; the 5 th field is the number of the relay workpiece 6; the 6 th field is the name of an inspector of the relay workpiece 6; the 7 th field is the picture definition score of the relay workpiece 6; the 8 th field is the process satisfaction of the relay workpiece 6.
And 7, publishing the file name stored in the network database and the corresponding workpiece photo stored in the remote server in a webpage form by the product picture browsing website, and realizing remote tracing of the manufacturing process of the relay workpiece 6 by a webpage retrieval function.
It should be noted that, although the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are illustrative, the present invention is not limited thereto, and thus the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, are considered to be within the scope of the present invention without departing from its principles.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic photographing and recording device for a relay manufacturing process is characterized by mainly comprising an industrial camera (1), a camera lifting platform (2), a light source (3) lifting platform (4) and a computer (5);
the industrial camera (1) is arranged on the camera lifting platform (2); the lens of the industrial camera (1) faces the relay workpiece (6); the light source (3) is arranged on the light source (3) lifting platform (4); the light source (3) is positioned between the industrial camera (1) and the relay workpiece (6), and the light emitting direction of the light source faces the relay workpiece (6);
the output end of the industrial camera (1) is connected with the input end of the computer (5), and the output end of the computer (5) is connected with the control ends of the industrial camera (1), the camera lifting platform (2) and the light source (3) lifting platform (4).
2. The automatic photographing and recording apparatus for a relay manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the light source (3) is a ring-shaped light source (3).
3. An automatic photographing recording method for a relay manufacturing process, which is implemented by the automatic photographing recording apparatus of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1, placing a relay workpiece (6) at a photographing position, and selecting a preset system state file in a computer (5) according to the work number of the relay workpiece (6), wherein the system state file comprises position coordinates of a camera lifting table (2) and a light source (3) lifting table (4);
step 2, moving the camera lifting table (2) and the light source (3) lifting table (4) to a specified position according to the position coordinates in the system state file;
step 3, clicking a shooting button on the computer (5), shooting the relay workpiece (6) by the industrial camera (1), and storing the shot workpiece picture in a preset archiving path in the computer (5);
step 4, the computer (5) performs convolution operation on any color channel of the shot workpiece picture by using a Laplace algorithm to calculate the variance of the workpiece picture; if the variance of the picture is larger than the variance threshold value, the workpiece photo is determined to be clear, and the workpiece photo is reserved; otherwise, the workpiece photo is determined to be fuzzy, and the workpiece photo is discarded;
step 5, the computer (5) utilizes an image vision algorithm to extract the characteristics of the reserved workpiece photo, and at least one identification area in the workpiece photo is extracted;
step 6, the computer (5) compares each extracted identification area with a corresponding template file stored in the computer (5) in advance in sequence; if the identification area is matched with the template file, determining that the parts corresponding to the identification area meet the process requirements; otherwise, determining that the parts corresponding to the identification areas do not meet the process requirements;
when all the identification areas meet the process requirements, determining that the relay workpiece (6) meets the process requirements, storing the workpiece photo in a remote server, and writing the file name of the workpiece photo into a network database; otherwise, determining that the relay workpiece (6) does not meet the process requirements, discarding the workpiece photo, and sending a rework reminding required by the relay workpiece (6);
and 7, the product picture browsing website publishes the file name stored in the network database and the corresponding workpiece photo stored in the remote server in a webpage form, and remote tracing of the manufacturing process of the relay workpiece (6) can be realized through a webpage retrieval function.
4. The automatic photographing recording method for manufacturing process of relay as claimed in claim 1, step 4 further comprising: and determining the definition score of the picture according to the variance of the picture and the threshold value of the variance threshold.
5. The automatic photographing recording method for the manufacturing process of the relay as claimed in claim 4, wherein the file name is composed of 8 fields, the 1 st field is the concatenation of the date and time of photographing; the 2 nd field is the work number of the relay workpiece (6); the 3 rd field is the component name of the relay workpiece (6); the 4 th field is the batch number of the relay workpiece (6); the 5 th field is the number of the relay workpiece (6); the 6 th field is the name of an inspector of the relay workpiece (6); the 7 th field is the picture definition score of the relay workpiece (6); and the 8 th field is the process satisfaction degree of the relay workpiece (6).
6. The automatic photographing recording method for manufacturing process of relay as claimed in claim 3, wherein the color channel in step 4 is gray scale value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210230361.XA CN114554099A (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2022-03-02 | Automatic photographing and recording device and method for relay manufacturing process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210230361.XA CN114554099A (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2022-03-02 | Automatic photographing and recording device and method for relay manufacturing process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114554099A true CN114554099A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
Family
ID=81663534
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210230361.XA Pending CN114554099A (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2022-03-02 | Automatic photographing and recording device and method for relay manufacturing process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114554099A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN210488575U (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-05-08 | 桂林航天电子有限公司 | Relay shell serial number automatic identification device |
| CN112213321A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-12 | 格力电器（武汉）有限公司 | Visual inspection apparatus and system |
| CN214794502U (en) * | 2021-01-16 | 2021-11-19 | 上海精密计量测试研究所 | Intelligent detection system for surface defects of bare chip |
| CN215066239U (en) * | 2021-06-05 | 2021-12-07 | 深圳市麦序科技有限公司 | Detection apparatus for lithium battery box based on machine vision |
| CN216981991U (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-07-15 | 桂林航天电子有限公司 | Automatic photographing recording device for relay manufacturing process |
-
2022
- 2022-03-02 CN CN202210230361.XA patent/CN114554099A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN210488575U (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-05-08 | 桂林航天电子有限公司 | Relay shell serial number automatic identification device |
| CN112213321A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-12 | 格力电器（武汉）有限公司 | Visual inspection apparatus and system |
| CN214794502U (en) * | 2021-01-16 | 2021-11-19 | 上海精密计量测试研究所 | Intelligent detection system for surface defects of bare chip |
| CN215066239U (en) * | 2021-06-05 | 2021-12-07 | 深圳市麦序科技有限公司 | Detection apparatus for lithium battery box based on machine vision |
| CN216981991U (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-07-15 | 桂林航天电子有限公司 | Automatic photographing recording device for relay manufacturing process |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Kumar et al. | A dataset for quality assessment of camera captured document images | |
| US10943107B2 (en) | Simulating image capture | |
| CN112116582A (en) | Cigarette detection and identification method under stock or display scene | |
| US10455163B2 (en) | Image processing apparatus that generates a combined image, control method, and storage medium | |
| JP2020197797A (en) | Image processing device and image processing method | |
| CN113083804A (en) | Laser intelligent derusting method and system and readable medium | |
| CN216981991U (en) | Automatic photographing recording device for relay manufacturing process | |
| CN113449698A (en) | Automatic paper document input method, system, device and storage medium | |
| TWI823419B (en) | Sample observation device and method | |
| CN110378289B (en) | Reading and identifying system and method for vehicle identification code | |
| CN114627090A (en) | Convolutional neural network optical lens defect detection method based on attention mechanism | |
| Xie et al. | Development of automated feature extraction and convolutional neural network optimization for real-time warping monitoring in 3D printing | |
| US10839502B2 (en) | Photography session assistant | |
| US10708446B2 (en) | Information processing apparatus, control method, and storage medium | |
| US20240112781A1 (en) | Ai-based product surface inspecting apparatus and method | |
| CN114554099A (en) | Automatic photographing and recording device and method for relay manufacturing process | |
| CN105122037A (en) | Image processing system, image processing device, program, storage medium, and image processing method | |
| CN116389902B (en) | Liquid lens rapid focusing method and system | |
| CN113160147B (en) | Image feature recognition and matching system for heat treatment workpiece | |
| CN112927190A (en) | Type-C multi-station multi-defect unified measurement system based on deep learning | |
| CN116256366A (en) | Chip defect detection method, detection system and storage medium | |
| CN113065559B (en) | Image comparison method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
| Park et al. | Defocus and geometric distortion correction for projected images on a curved surface | |
| Hotaka et al. | Photon-counting 3D integral imaging with less than a single photon per pixel on average using a statistical model of the EM-CCD camera | |
| KR101993705B1 (en) | Apparatus and Method for Automatically Inputting Component Library Code for Automated Optical Inspection Machines |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |