CN114552340A - 可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器 - Google Patents
可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,包括:激光源1,用于产生连续激光;强度调制器2、光环形器7、光滤波器8、光放大器9、光电探测器10、电滤波器12及电放大器13依次连接构成的正反馈环路,正反馈环路用于接收连续激光以产生微波信号,并实现光电/电光转换;拉曼激光器4,用于产生拉曼泵浦光;波分复用器5,其第一输入端连接拉曼激光器4,其第二输入端连接光环形器7;色散补偿光纤6,连接波分复用器5的输出端;其中,波分复用器5将经由光环形器7的前向传输激光与拉曼泵浦光耦合至色散补偿光纤6中。本发明可产生带宽和中心频率可调谐的宽带随机微波信号,应用于通信和雷达系统中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微波光子学技术领域,具体涉及一种可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,可产生带宽和中心频率可调谐的宽带随机微波信号。
背景技术
传统的光电振荡器是自激振荡的闭合回路,通过光电混合谐振腔构建的光电振荡器作为新型的微波信号发生器以产生单频微波信号。典型的光电振荡器系统主要包括激光器、电光调制器、延时单元、光放大器、光电探测器和电放大器等核心器件,这些器件构成闭合的正反馈系统,当环路增益大于损耗时,可自激振荡产生微波信号。
光电振荡器利用调制器和探测器将连续光转换为微波信号。但是,传统的光电振荡器由于环腔长度单一,只能产生单频微波信号,这种光电振荡器的功能有限,不能应用于更多领域中。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,通过光纤中固有的瑞利散射作为随机分布反馈来实现了光电振荡器的腔长连续变化,不同频率成分的微波信号都能够在环腔中振荡,并且通过电滤波器通频带的选择滤波作用选择通频带内的微波信号在该光电振荡器中振荡,以产生带宽和中心频率可调谐的宽带随机微波信号。
(二)技术方案
本发明提供一种可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,包括:激光源1,用于产生连续激光;强度调制器2、光环形器7、光滤波器8、光放大器9、光电探测器10、电滤波器12及电放大器13依次连接构成的正反馈环路,正反馈环路用于接收连续激光以产生微波信号,并实现光电/电光转换;拉曼激光器4,用于产生拉曼泵浦光;波分复用器5,其第一输入端连接拉曼激光器4,其第二输入端连接光环形器7;色散补偿光纤6,连接波分复用器5的输出端;其中,波分复用器5将经由光环形器7的前向传输激光与拉曼泵浦光耦合至色散补偿光纤6中。
进一步地,激光源1、强度调制器2、光环形器7、拉曼激光器4、波分复用器5、色散补偿光纤6、光滤波器8、光放大器9和光电探测器10之间通过光纤跳线连接;光电探测器10、电滤波器12和电放大器13之间通过电缆连接。
进一步地,色散补偿光纤6在传输过程中产生后向瑞利散射光,后向瑞利散射光经由光环形器7引入正反馈环路。
进一步地,拉曼激光器4为前向传输激光和后向瑞利散射光提供增益。
进一步地,色散补偿光纤6的输出端为开放的,开放的光纤输出端呈0~10°的端面斜角切割,开放的光纤输出端的长度为10km。
进一步地,激光源1为低功率单波长激光器,拉曼激光器4为高功率单波长激光器。
进一步地,光放大器9为掺铒光纤放大器。
进一步地,光滤波器8为光带通滤波器,电滤波器12的通频带包括不同频率成分的微波信号。
进一步地,可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器还包括功分器11,功分器11设置于光电探测器10与电滤波器12之间,或者功分器11设置于电滤波器12与电放大器13之间。
进一步地,可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器还包括光隔离器3,其设置于强度调制器2与光环形器7之间,用于只允许连续激光信号从强度调制器2向光环形器7单向通过。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有如下有益效果:
第一,拓展了光电振荡器的功能,由传统的只能产生单频微波信号拓展为可以产生宽带随机的微波信号,并且信号的带宽和中心频率可调谐。
第二,不同频率成分的信号同时存储在光电振荡器环腔内,光电振荡器通频带内的频率都能起振,输出宽带随机微波信号,并且,光电振荡器的通频带主要由电滤波器的工作带宽决定。
第三,本发明可应用于保密通信系统、雷达通信、电子对抗、随机数产生等领域中。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器的结构示意图。
图2为根据图1且添加功分器于光电探测器与电滤波器之间时的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器的结构示意图。
图3为根据图2的功分器输出端产生的超宽带随机信号频谱图。
图4为根据图1且添加功分器于电滤波器与电放大器之间时的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器的结构示意图。
图5为根据图4的使用第一通频带的电滤波器时的功分器输出端的微波信号频谱图。
图6为根据图4的使用第二通频带的电滤波器时的功分器输出端的微波信号频谱图。
图7为根据图4的使用第三通频带的电滤波器时的功分器输出端的微波信号频谱图。
图8为根据图1且添加光隔离器的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1-激光器;2-强度调制器;3-光隔离器;4-拉曼激光器;5-波分复用器;6-色散补偿光纤;7-光环形器;8-光滤波器;9-光放大器;10-光电探测器;11-功分器;12-电滤波器;13-电放大器。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本发明进一步详细说明。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。因此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器的结构示意图。
如图1所示,本发明实施例中,可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器包括:
激光源1,用于产生连续激光;
强度调制器2、光环形器7、光滤波器8、光放大器9、光电探测器10、电滤波器12及电放大器13依次连接构成的正反馈环路,正反馈环路用于接收连续激光以产生微波信号,并实现光电/电光转换;
拉曼激光器4,用于产生拉曼泵浦光;
波分复用器5,其第一输入端连接拉曼激光器4,其第二输入端连接光环形器7;
色散补偿光纤6,连接波分复用器5的输出端;
其中,波分复用器5将经由光环形器7的前向传输激光与拉曼泵浦光耦合至色散补偿光纤6中。
本发明实施例中,激光源1、强度调制器2、光环形器7、拉曼激光器4、波分复用器5、色散补偿光纤6、光滤波器8、光放大器9和光电探测器10之间通过光纤跳线连接;光电探测器10、电滤波器12和电放大器13之间通过电缆连接。
如图1所示,本发明实施例中,该正反馈环路的工作原理如下:由激光源1产生的连续激光经过强度调制器2的调制后进入光环形器7,经过光滤波器8的滤波作用及光放大器9的放大作用后,再由光电探测器10转换成电信号,该电信号进而通过电滤波器12的滤波作用及电放大器13的放大作用后再次由强度调制器2转换为光信号进入光纤。
可以理解的是,光纤中的散射过程可分为三种:一种是由于光纤介质的不均匀性而引起的瑞利散射,一种是因热振动声子而产生的布里渊散射,还有一种就是光纤内部光子与光声子的相互作用而引起的拉曼散射。其中,瑞利散射波长不会变化,它在光纤中的传播过程只存在强度的损耗。另外两种散射,都伴随着与声子能量交换的过程,因此波长都会发生变化。激光发生瑞利散射后又沿原光路返回的现象称为后向瑞利散射。光的后向瑞利散射光强度不是恒定的数值,而是有一定的起伏,后向瑞利散射光呈随机分布。此外,激光在光纤中传输过程还存在着布里渊散射,产生的Stokes光与激光方向相反,和后向瑞利散射光一起经由光环形器7进入正反馈环路。当环路振荡后,激光光谱展宽,会提高布里渊散射的阈值,从而抑制受激布里渊散射过程,此时其影响可以忽略。理论上激光在光纤中还会发生拉曼散射,但是当注入光强没有达到它们的阈值的情况,自发的拉曼散射影响可以忽略。后向瑞利散射光的强度依赖于光纤的长度、内部折射率的均匀性以及激光的强度,受外界环境影响极小。并且,后向瑞利散射的激光强度一般较低,需要对其进行放大。
参阅图1,在正反馈环路之外,由波分复用器5的两个输入端(拉曼激光器4和光环形器7)及其输出端的色散补偿光纤6构成了一个开放环腔。
本发明实施例中,色散补偿光纤6在传输过程中产生后向瑞利散射光,后向瑞利散射光经由光环形器7引入正反馈环路。具体来说,由于色散补偿光纤6在传输过程中同时存在连续激光和拉曼泵浦光,也即存在光纤介质的折射率不均匀的特性,色散补偿光纤6产生后向瑞利散射光。
后向瑞利散射光呈随机分布,经光环形器7引入正反馈环路,使正反馈环路的环腔长度连续变化。具体来说,后向瑞利散射光的随机性使得每个位置后向散射的光功率随机波动,并通过正反馈环路中的光电探测器10将该随机性从光信号传递到电信号上,使得产生的微波信号具有随机性。色散补偿光纤6中随机分布的后向瑞利散射光实现了正反馈环路的环腔长度的连续改变,腔长的连续变化使得不同频率的微波信号能够同时在环腔中振荡,产生宽带随机微波信号。
后向瑞利散射光经光环形器7引入正反馈环路,依次经过光滤波器8的滤波作用及光放大器9的放大作用后,进入光电探测器10拍频以产生微波信号,从而实现了开放环腔中信号的闭合反馈。
色散补偿光纤6的其中一输出端为开放的,开放的光纤端呈0~10°的端面斜角切割,开放的光纤端的长度为10km。
拉曼激光器4为经由光环形器7的前向传输激光和色散补偿光纤6中的后向瑞利散射光提供增益。
在一些实施例中,激光源1为低功率单波长激光器,拉曼激光器4为高功率单波长激光器。此时,通过调整连续激光和拉曼泵浦光的功率可使后向瑞利散射光的功率足够大,满足正反馈环路中增益大于损耗的条件来实现微波信号的自激振荡。
在一些实施例中,光放大器9为掺铒光纤放大器。掺铒光纤放大器具有增益高、带宽大、输出功率高、泵浦效率高、插入损耗低、对偏振态不敏感的优点,在光纤通信中应用最广。
本发明实施例中,光滤波器8为光带通滤波器,电滤波器12的通频带包括不同频率成分的微波信号。
电滤波器12的带宽和中心频率可根据实际需要进行选择,通过更换不同的电滤波器实现通带的可调谐性,该可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器可以产生带宽和中心频率可调谐的宽带随机微波信号。并且,该可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器的通频带主要由电滤波器12的工作带宽决定。
在一些实施例中,为了将产生的宽带随机微波信号输出显示,可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器还包括功分器11,用于将经由光电探测器10转换的电信号分为两路,功分器11设置于光电探测器10与电滤波器12之间,或者功分器11设置于电滤波器12与电放大器13之间。
例如,当功分器11设置于光电探测器10与电滤波器12之间时,该可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器如图2所示。
图3为根据图2的功分器输出端产生的超宽带随机信号频谱图。
如图3所示,由于电滤波器12的通频带可以选择通过特定频率成分的微波信号,在该正反馈环路中无电滤波器12时,也就是在功分器11输出端可产生超宽带随机信号。
又例如,当功分器11设置于电滤波器12与电放大器13之间时,该可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器如图4所示。
图5为根据图4的使用第一通频带的电滤波器时的功分器输出端的微波信号频谱图。图6为根据图4的使用第二通频带的电滤波器时的功分器输出端的微波信号频谱图。图7为根据图4的使用第三通频带的电滤波器时的功分器输出端的微波信号频谱图。
参阅图5~图7,由于电滤波器12的通频带可以选择通过特定频率成分的微波信号,将光电探测器10拍频产生的超宽带随机信号经由电滤波器12的滤波作用后,在功分器11输出端可产生宽带随机微波信号。并且,由于图5~图7中的电滤波器12各自具有不同的通频带,可以看出,通过更换不同的电滤波器实现通带的可调谐性,该可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器可以产生带宽和中心频率可调谐的宽带随机微波信号。
结合图2~图7,可以看出,环路中无电滤波器时可以产生超宽带随机信号;环路中有电滤波器时,通过电滤波器通频带的选择滤波作用可以选择通频带内的微波信号在该光电振荡器中振荡,并且可以根据实际需要更换电滤波器,选择合适的带宽和中心频率,频率大小在滤波器带宽内的微波信号都能够起振,实现了带宽和中心频率可调谐的宽带随机光电振荡器。并且,该可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器的通频带主要由电滤波器的工作带宽决定。
参阅图1,本发明的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器的工作原理做详细说明:首先,连续激光从激光器1输出并经过强度调制器2的调制,通过光环形器7后与拉曼激光器4发出的拉曼泵浦光经波分复用器5耦合至色散补偿光纤中;其次,色散补偿光纤6在传输过程中由于折射率不均匀引起瑞利散射,后向瑞利散射光被光纤重新捕获并反向传输,其中拉曼泵浦光通过受激拉曼散射对经由光环形器7的前向传输光和后向瑞利散射光都进行放大增益,后向瑞利散射光由光环形器7引入正反馈环路;再次,通过光滤波器8滤除拉曼泵浦光的其他增益频段后,再经过光放大器9进一步放大,在光电探测器10中拍频后可得到自激振荡的微波信号;最后,电滤波器12选择通过通频带内的微波信号,并经电放大器13放大后反馈到强度调制器对连续激光进行调制,实现开放环腔的信号闭合反馈。
在一些实施例中,如图8所示,可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器还包括光隔离器3,其设置于强度调制器2与光环形器7之间,用于只允许连续激光信号从强度调制器2向光环形器7单向通过。也就是说,在强度调制器2与光环形器7之间接入的光隔离器3,能有效抑制闭合反馈环路中的从光环形器7引入的后向瑞利散射光返回激光器,从而保证激光器工作状态的稳定,降低系统因反射光引起的噪声。
综上,本发明实施例提供了一种可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,利用光纤中固有的随机分布的瑞利散射作为反馈机制,该后向瑞利散射光实现开放环腔中的闭环光电反馈,并通过改变具有不同通频带的电滤波器或光滤波器可以产生带宽和中心频率可调谐的宽带连续频谱的微波信号,可应用于保密通信系统、雷达通信、电子对抗、随机数产生等领域中。
此外,上述对各元件和方法的定义并不仅限于实施例中提到的各种具体结构、形状或方式,本领域的普通技术人员可对其结构进行简单地熟知地替换,例如可以用光带通滤波器替换电滤波器12,可以用单模光纤替换色散补偿光纤6。并且,所附的附图是简化过且作为例示用。附图中所示的器件数量、形状及尺寸可依据实际情况而进行修改,具体本发明不做限制。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,包括:
激光源(1),用于产生连续激光;
强度调制器(2)、光环形器(7)、光滤波器(8)、光放大器(9)、光电探测器(10)、电滤波器(12)及电放大器(13)依次连接构成的正反馈环路,所述正反馈环路用于接收所述连续激光以产生微波信号,并实现光电/电光转换;
拉曼激光器(4),用于产生拉曼泵浦光;
波分复用器(5),其第一输入端连接所述拉曼激光器(4),其第二输入端连接所述光环形器(7);
色散补偿光纤(6),连接所述波分复用器(5)的输出端;
其中,所述波分复用器(5)将经由所述光环形器(7)的前向传输激光与所述拉曼泵浦光耦合至所述色散补偿光纤(6)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述激光源(1)、强度调制器(2)、光环形器(7)、拉曼激光器(4)、波分复用器(5)、色散补偿光纤(6)、光滤波器(8)、光放大器(9)和光电探测器(10)之间通过光纤跳线连接;
所述光电探测器(10)、电滤波器(12)和电放大器(13)之间通过电缆连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述色散补偿光纤(6)在传输过程中产生后向瑞利散射光,所述后向瑞利散射光经由所述光环形器(7)引入所述正反馈环路。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述拉曼激光器(4)为所述前向传输激光和所述后向瑞利散射光提供增益。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述色散补偿光纤(6)的输出端为开放的,所述开放的光纤输出端呈0~10°的端面斜角切割,所述开放的光纤输出端的长度为10km。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述激光源(1)为低功率单波长激光器,所述拉曼激光器(4)为高功率单波长激光器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述光放大器(9)为掺铒光纤放大器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述光滤波器(8)为光带通滤波器,所述电滤波器(12)的通频带包括不同频率成分的微波信号。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器还包括功分器(11),所述功分器(11)设置于所述光电探测器(10)与所述电滤波器(12)之间,或者所述功分器(11)设置于所述电滤波器(12)与所述电放大器(13)之间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器,其特征在于,所述可调谐宽带随机光电振荡器还包括光隔离器(3),其设置于所述强度调制器(2)与所述光环形器(7)之间,用于只允许连续激光信号从所述强度调制器(2)向所述光环形器(7)单向通过。
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