CN114548910B - Forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction system and method based on block chain - Google Patents
Forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction system and method based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain-based forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction system and a method, wherein an expert self-organization approval system is established based on a block chain technology, whether a chained forestry carbon sink project methodology is scientific and reasonable, whether project carbon sink quantity pre-estimation and post-measurement and process monitoring results are accurately audited or not are simplified, development, approval and filing processes of the forestry carbon sink project methodology are simplified, expert auditing processes of the forestry carbon sink project pre-estimation and post-monitoring are simplified, the efficiency of project filing and carbon sink signing is improved, and the problems of long development period and complex auditing process of the forestry carbon sink project are solved; by utilizing the characteristics of high data transparency and non-falsification of the block chain technology, the accuracy and transparency of all carbon sink data on the chain are ensured, technical endorsement is performed on carbon sink measurement, issuance and transaction of the forestry carbon sink project of the voluntary carbon sink transaction market, the problem that the forestry carbon sink product of the voluntary carbon sink transaction market is lack of credibility is solved, and the existing transaction risk is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry carbon sink, and particularly relates to a block chain-based forestry carbon sink metering monitoring and trading system and method.
Background
Global climate change is one of the huge challenges facing the development of the world today. The degradation of ecological environment, natural disasters and extreme weather caused by climate change pose huge threats to human society. Actively coping with climate change, and promoting green low-carbon sustainable development becomes the current global consensus. How to deal with global climate change is highly concerned by governments of various countries in the world, the united nations climate change framework convention Kyoto protocol passed in 1997 (the Kyoto protocol for short) introduces three emission reduction mechanisms based on market means, emphasizes the importance of solving the global climate change problem by using the market means, from 2013, china carries out carbon transaction trial work of seven provinces and cities in succession, 2017, the national unified carbon transaction market is formally started, marks the formal establishment of the national carbon emission transaction system, and the national carbon emission right transaction will be brought back to the higher priority.
The government of China puts forward that the carbon dioxide emission strives to reach the peak value before 2030 years, strives to achieve the aim of 'double carbon' of carbon neutralization before 2060 years, and emission reduction and convergence increase are two determining factors for achieving the aim. In order to achieve the aim, national authorities control emission by issuing carbon emission quotas to enterprises who incorporate forced emission reduction to control emission and increase profits by carbon absorption, wherein forestry carbon sink is an important mode of carbon absorption. At present, when the carbon emission of a certain mandatory emission reduction enterprise exceeds the amount of quota uniformly issued, the fulfillment can not be completed, and the fulfillment needs to be completed by purchasing surplus quotas of other enterprises or forestry carbon remittance signed by national governing department through a national uniform carbon trading market. However, the national carbon trading market brings few key emission enterprises with mandatory emission reduction, has a narrow range of objects to be brought, and cannot meet the requirements of non-mandatory emission reduction enterprises or individuals and other main bodies for realizing carbon neutralization and eliminating carbon footprints, and the national carbon neutralization target realization process needs to participate together in the whole society, so that the establishment of a voluntary carbon exchange trading market which can be participated by more groups is urgently needed to carry out carbon emission reduction trading including forestry carbon exchange projects, and the scale complementation is formed with the national carbon trading market, so as to jointly serve the realization of the carbon neutralization target of carbon peak in China.
The forestry carbon sink is safe, economic and effective, is widely accepted and actively promoted by the international society, and becomes a strategic choice for the state to deal with climate change and relieve emission reduction pressure. "carbon emission right transaction management measures (trial) formally implemented at 2/1/2021 definitely suggests that forestry carbon remittance can be used as national certificate emission reduction for counteracting payment of carbon emission quota. However, the forestry carbon sink is an invisible product, and unlike the national unified carbon trading market, which has a endorsement of the national governing body as a credit support, the voluntary carbon trading market needs to provide a reliable product and a reliable carbon trading system. Although the international carbon trading market leading in the european union and the united states has a certain scale of forestry carbon sink voluntary trading market, the market is limited by ethical and legal regulations, lacks a more credible constraint mechanism through technical means and the like, and has certain trading and financial risks. At present, forestry carbon sink trading can only be carried out as credit support through endorsements of national governing departments, and has the defects of strong centralization, long development period, complex auditing process and the like.
The blockchain is a novel application mode of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, a consensus mechanism and an encryption algorithm. The block chain technology has the advantages of decentralized distributed accounting mode, high data transparency and non-falsification, once the data is written into the block chain, the data cannot be modified, and meanwhile, as the block chain data are stored in a distributed mode and do not belong to a single organization or an organization, the participation degree and the common supervision capacity can be increased. However, a method and a system for metering, monitoring, auditing and trading forestry carbon sinks based on a block chain are not established at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the background art, the present invention provides a block chain-based forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction system and method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction system based on a block chain comprises a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an excitation layer, a contract layer and an application layer, wherein the data layer comprises a plurality of databases, data blocks are stamped through the block chain, and after the chain is formed, the data blocks are stored in a plurality of user nodes through a distributed account book, so that decentralized credible data storage is realized, and data cannot be tampered; the network layer comprises a plurality of user nodes, the user nodes are used for setting and data transmission of the user nodes, independent nodes are set for carbon exchange key mechanisms, sharing nodes are set for non-key mechanisms, data are stored in a distributed mode through the user nodes and account books are shared, data cannot be tampered, point-to-point transmission among the nodes is achieved, each node is a server and has a downloading function, resources can be shared by the central server independently, the resources include bandwidth, storage space and computing capacity, the more the nodes are, the faster the data are distributed, when new nodes are added and the system requests are increased, the capacity of the whole system is increased, the central server is not relied on, and single-point faults do not exist; the consensus layer is used for data unification between an upper layer and a lower layer, and a distributed consistency technology and a data verification mechanism are adopted; the method comprises the following steps that an excitation layer sets an excitation mechanism in the aspects of project development, expert service, platform operation and the like in a carbon-to-be-exchanged, a block chain of the carbon-to-be-exchanged belongs to a private chain and/or an alliance chain of specific service, wherein the private chain and/or the alliance chain are/is forcibly joined by nodes, and the excitation mechanism is realized outside the block chain; the contract layer performs self-organized expert admission and service development according to the expert qualification examination rule and the service examination rule; the application layer is formed by connecting each application module and system of the block chain;
wherein, the application layer comprises an self-organization expert approval system (1), a self-organization methodology development system (2), a self-organization methodology application system (3) and a carbon exchange market system (4); the contract layer measures the carbon sink amount and submits the project record expert for examination through a self-organizing methodology application system (3) according to the methodology in a methodology database, after the project which is successfully recorded enters a monitoring period, monitors the project carbon sink according to the selected methodology and submits the carbon sink amount to issue the expert for examination, a trading subject comprising an enterprise or a carbon sink investor dynamically adjusts the carbon sink trade scale according to the actual carbon sink amount purchasing requirement from the value maximization angle through a carbon sink trade market system (4), and offsets the carbon emission amount or realizes the buying and selling trade according to the rule;
the self-organization expert approval system (1) is formed by establishing a self-organization expert approval business rule and packaging the business rule based on an intelligent contract, audits the qualification of the expert to be admitted and the forestry carbon transfer project methodology submitted to the system audit, and carries out project filing and project carbon transfer amount issuance audit on the forestry carbon transfer project developed according to the methodology passed by the audit;
the self-organization methodology development system (2) is formed by establishing a self-organization methodology development business rule and packaging the business rule based on an intelligent contract and comprises a methodology development module, experts in an expert database or a non-expert database submit forestry carbon sink project methodology through the module, experts in the expert database on a chain check the submitted methodology, and the approved methodology is permitted to be included in a project methodology database;
the self-organization methodology application system (3) is formed by establishing self-organization methodology application business rules and packaging the business rules based on intelligent contracts, and by utilizing the methodology in the project methodology database, a project owner can carry out the business process of the forestry carbon sink project through the self-organization methodology application system;
the carbon sink market trading system (4) is formed by establishing a carbon sink market business rule and packaging the business rule based on an intelligent contract and is used for market trading behavior of forestry carbon sink amount.
The method establishes a self-organization expert approval system to audit project design files declared by a project owner, records the projects which pass the audit, automatically starts to enter a project monitoring period after the records are recorded, monitors the carbon sink amount by the project owner by using methodology after the project monitoring period reaches a monitoring time point required by the methodology, forms a monitoring report to be submitted to the expert self-organization approval system for audit, signs and issues the forestry carbon sink amount of the projects which pass the audit, and enters a voluntary trading market for trading the signed forestry carbon sink amount, so that the whole process of carbon sink metering, monitoring, audit and trading of the forestry carbon sink projects is realized. By using a block chain technology, after business rules and data are stored in a block chain, the business rules and the data cannot be independently modified, reliability and consistency are guaranteed, data safety and visibility are achieved by using a shared account book, the business rules are packaged based on an intelligent contract, and the data are automatically calculated and processed.
Further, the database comprises an expert database, a forestry carbon sequestration methodology database, a record project database, an issuing carbon sequestration database and a carbon sequestration transaction database; the user nodes comprise an expert application user node, an expert node, a methodology application user node, a forestry carbon sink project owner node and a carbon sink transaction user node.
Further, the self-organizing specialist approval system (1) includes: the system comprises a qualification examination module and a business examination module, wherein the qualification examination module is used for receiving expert user applications submitted by common users, all experts in an expert database are linked to judge whether the expert user applications meet the set basic requirements of the experts, the experts are recorded into the expert database if the expert database is checked to be in accordance with the requirements by more than 2/3 of the experts, and the expert application admission is rejected if the expert database is not in accordance with the requirements; the business examination module is used for carrying out business examination on the existing experts in the expert database, judging whether the expert database seriously fulfills the functions of methodology development/examination and project filing/issuance examination, if so, keeping the identity of the expert user, otherwise, degrading the expert user until the basic condition of the expert is not met, and rejecting the expert database.
Further, the self-organizing methodology development system (2) comprises: and the methodology development module is used for submitting and registering methodologies and performing methodology auditing work based on the self-organizing expert approval system, and the methodologies passed by the auditing of the experts of more than 2/3 of the expert databases on the chain are permitted to enter the project methodology database and are used for project qualification demonstration, carbon sink amount metering and carbon sink amount monitoring of a project owner.
Further, the self-organizing methodology applying system (3) comprises: the system comprises a project demonstration module, a carbon sink metering module and a carbon sink monitoring module;
the project demonstration module is used for performing qualification demonstration of the forestry carbon sink project to be implemented by using the approved methodology in the project methodology library and judging whether the project meets the basic requirements of the selected methodology;
the carbon sink metering module estimates the prior carbon sink amount of the forestry carbon sink project and forms a project design file by utilizing a approved methodology in a project methodology library, provides field investigation image data information such as prior sample plot investigation, operation measures and the like of the forestry carbon sink project by adopting technologies such as remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle, satellite positioning and the like, and submits the information to an expert database system for project filing expert audit;
the carbon sink monitoring module calculates the post-event carbon sink amount of the forestry carbon sink project and forms a carbon sink amount monitoring report by utilizing a approved methodology in the project methodology library, provides on-site investigation information such as post-event sample plot survey of the forestry carbon sink project by adopting technologies such as remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle and satellite positioning, and submits the on-site investigation information to an expert database system for issue expert audit of the project carbon sink amount.
Further, the carbon marketplace transaction system (4) includes: the system comprises a carbon sink amount registration/distribution module, a transaction monitoring/recording module and an existing carbon sink market transaction interface;
the carbon transfer amount registering/distributing module is used for registering the issued carbon transfer amount of the project forestry submitted by a project owner and distributing the carbon transfer amount purchased by a buyer;
the transaction monitoring/recording module is used for monitoring and recording various carbon exchange transaction processes such as the purchase of forestry carbon exchange amount by a consumer, the sale of the forestry carbon exchange amount by a project owner, the purchase and sale of the forestry carbon exchange amount by a carbon exchange investor and the like;
the existing carbon sink market trading interface is used for docking the existing carbon sink market at home/abroad and providing uplink trading of the existing forestry carbon sink products.
A block chain-based forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the experts meeting the qualification and submitting the application are qualified, voting is carried out by all the experts in the expert database, more than 2/3 of the experts in the expert database pass the qualification, and the voting result of each expert is digitally signed by a private key and then is recorded into a block chain; the experts which pass the qualification examination obtain the qualification of methodology development, methodology examination, project design file filing examination and project carbon transfer issuance examination, the experts which do not pass the qualification examination enter a candidate expert database, and the qualification examination application can be submitted after the qualification is met; the expert entering the expert database of the system receives methodology auditing, project record auditing and project carbon transfer amount issuance auditing tasks on the chain within the authority range, pushes the auditing tasks according to different probabilities of the activity degree of the expert, ensures that the average probability of all the experts obtains the auditing tasks published on the chain, and improves the grade of the expert along with the successful application of the methodology compiled/audited by the expert or the increase of the successful transaction of the project carbon transfer amount audited by the expert, if the compiled/audited methodology or audited carbon transfer project is finally rejected, or the activity degree does not reach the average activity level of the system expert within a certain period after the compiled/audited methodology or audited carbon transfer project is brought into the expert database of the system, the relevant expert is degraded until the relevant expert is eliminated; the step completes construction of an expert database of a forestry carbon sink project, and simultaneously establishes an expert elimination and grade promotion method. The expert of the existing national certification emission-reduction forestry carbon sink project is responsible for screening and organizing by a national administrative department, and does not have corresponding elimination and expert qualification improvement mechanisms, the expert self-organizing approval system of the invention is obviously different from the expert selection mechanism of the existing national mandatory carbon emission-reduction trading market, and the flexible expert screening and business examination module is an intelligent support for improving the forestry carbon sink project methodology approval and project carbon sink amount auditing and issuing efficiency;
step 2: after submitting forestry carbon sink project methodology to application and uploading by a methodology development user, auditing the submitted methodology by experts in the expert database, and auditing and confirming that the methodology is reasonable by more than 2/3 of experts in the expert database, namely that the methodology is approved, digitally signing the approved methodology by a private key, then counting the approved methodology into the forestry carbon sink project methodology database on the block chain for selection by a project owner, wherein the selection comprises development argument, carbon sink amount measurement and carbon sink amount monitoring of the forestry carbon sink project, and refuting the methodology which is not approved; the development, the examination and the updating of the forestry carbon sink project methodology are completed, the development and the examination of the existing forestry carbon sink project methodology need to be examined and approved by corresponding experts of national administrative departments, and after the examination is passed, the methodology is put on record, so that the process is complex and the time is long; the invention puts the auditing and recording of the project methodology into the on-chain process, and the experts in the expert certification system audit the project methodology, thereby improving the efficiency of project methodology development, auditing and recording and simplifying the corresponding process;
and step 3: project owners contrast with project qualification requirements of forestry carbon sink project methodology to conduct project development and demonstration, projects with project qualification meeting basic methodology requirements can enter a development flow to compile project design files; calculating the prior carbon sink amount of a forestry carbon sink project developed by a project owner by using a selected methodology to form a project design file, providing site investigation information such as prior project sample-plot survey, operation measures and the like by using a remote sensing image, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a satellite positioning technology, recording the site investigation information into a block chain after digitally signing by using a private key to form a project record audit task release on the chain, carrying out task acquisition by 8 experts having forestry carbon sink project audit qualification in an expert database, and when an expert user node receives approval audit passing opinions submitted by 5 experts, recording the audit opinions into the block chain by using a private key digital signature, passing the project record audit, namely, successfully recording the project, and completing forestry carbon sink project record work; the step completes the processes of advance estimation and expert review of the carbon sink amount of the forestry carbon sink project, the processes of event estimation, third party review and expert review of the existing national certification emission reduction forestry carbon sink project are complex and take a long time, the invention simplifies the process and completes the processes of advance estimation and project filing review of the forestry carbon sink project on a chain under the support of a self-organization expert approval system and a self-organization methodology application system, thereby greatly simplifying the filing process of the forestry carbon sink project, simultaneously ensuring the accuracy of advance project carbon sink amount calculation and the fairness of the process based on the principle that a block chain can not be tampered and a transparent principle, and being beneficial to improving the fairness;
and 4, step 4: accurately acquiring a post-event carbon sink sample-plot measurement and monitoring method and measurement requirements of a project in a methodology, forming a project carbon sink monitoring report, providing post-event project sample-plot survey and verification information by using a remote sensing image, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a satellite positioning technology, digitally signing by using a private key, then logging into a block chain, forming a project carbon sink monitoring result auditing task issue on the chain, carrying out task pickup by 8 experts with forestry carbon sink project auditing qualifications in an expert database, when an expert user node receives approval and verification submitted by 5 experts, logging the approval and verification into the block chain by using the private key digital signature, then issuing and verifying the project carbon sink, namely the issue and the verification of the project carbon sink is successful, and finishing the issue work of the forestry carbon sink project carbon sink; the step completes the processes of post-monitoring of the carbon sink amount and issuance and audit of the carbon sink amount of the forestry carbon sink project, the existing post-monitoring, third party audit and expert audit processes of the national approval and reduction capacity forestry carbon sink project need to be carried out under the lead organization of the national governing department, and the corresponding processes cost a great deal of labor cost and time cost;
and 5: when the carbon exchange amount of the tradeable forestry is available, the listing information is issued anonymously, and authorized intention buyers can check and trade the listing mark; the intelligent contract generates and lists tradeable targets in real time according to rules, and a block chain prevents common participants from obtaining a target source and a transaction history, so that the trade secret is ensured, an authorized intention buyer can check the specific information and transaction records of the items, and the buyer can invite related qualification experts to verify the basic information corresponding to the carbon sink item for real-time supervision; the step completes the processes of carbon remittance registration and listing transaction of the forestry carbon remittance project, the oriented object of the process can be an enterprise or an individual, the project specific information and the transaction record can be checked as long as the user registers on a chain and intends to buy, the oriented object of the forestry carbon remittance project is greatly expanded on the premise of considering the privacy of the project, and the implementation of the carbon remittance and strategic target participation of the whole society is facilitated;
step 6: during carbon sink transaction, carbon sink amount owned by a carbon sink project developer, ownership transfer of the carbon sink amount of a purchaser, transaction and new ownership information are recorded in a block chain in real time, and a transaction platform private key is used for digitally signing; the step completes the processes of monitoring and recording the carbon sink amount transaction of the forestry carbon sink project, and the fairness and the public trust in the carbon sink amount transaction process of the forestry carbon sink project are reliably ensured on the basis of the principle that a block chain cannot be tampered and the transparency is ensured;
and 7: and stimulating the emission reduction transaction of the forestry carbon sink project through an incentive mechanism. The forestry carbon sink project has the functions of carbon fixation, emission reduction, water and soil conservation and the like, and factors such as water and soil conservation and the like are added during intelligent contract conversion and subsidized by governments or public welfare funds. In addition, the experts who develop and examine the methodology, record and examine the carbon sink project and issue and examine the carbon sink amount are subsidized and the evaluation level is improved. The step completes the incentive process after the emission reduction transaction of the forestry carbon sink project, and the implementation of the incentive mechanism can greatly improve the enthusiasm of a carbon sink project developer and experts in various fields in participating in the forestry carbon sink transaction on the chain and improve the market activity.
Further, the method for distributing the audit task of the forestry carbon sequestration project filing application in S3 and the carbon sequestration issuance application in S4 comprises the following steps:
a checking task distribution method for forestry carbon transfer project filing application comprises the following steps: after a project development owner user submits an application uplink, tasks are distributed to 8 experts in an expert base according to three constraint rules of expert excellence professional direction, expert historical methodology application auditing task response efficiency and expert annual task completion rate, when the tasks are distributed, the constraint rules take the expert excellence professional direction as the highest priority, the expert annual task completion rate as the second priority and the expert historical methodology application auditing task response efficiency as the third priority, and on the premise of ensuring the efficient completion of project filing auditing tasks, equal task distribution probability is given to the experts in the expert base; taking experts of project filing application auditing tasks on the chain to conduct independent auditing, submitting auditing opinions within a specified week, recording the auditing opinions on the chain after stamping a timestamp, passing the project filing application after receiving opinions passed by 5 experts, and recording the opinions into a filing project database;
the method for distributing the auditing task of the forestry carbon remittance issuing application comprises the following steps: after a project development owner user submits an application uplink, tasks are distributed to 8 experts in an expert base according to three constraint rules of an expert adept professional direction, an expert historical methodology application audit task response efficiency and an expert annual task completion rate, when the tasks are distributed, the constraint rules take the expert adept professional direction as the highest priority, the expert annual task completion rate as the second priority and the expert historical methodology application audit task response efficiency as the third priority, and on the premise of guaranteeing the efficient completion of a project carbon sink quantity issuance application task, the experts in the expert base are given equal task distribution probability; the method comprises the steps that an expert who receives a project carbon transfer volume issuance application task on a chain carries out independent examination, examination opinions are submitted within a specified week, the examination opinions are recorded on the chain after being stamped with a timestamp, when the opinions that 5 experts pass the examination are received, the project carbon transfer volume issuance examination application is passed, and the project carbon transfer volume issuance examination application is recorded into an issuance carbon transfer volume database;
the expert excels in the professional direction, which refers to the research field focused by the expert on research, and comprises the directions of afforestation, forest management, bamboo afforestation and the like; the expert historical methodology applies for auditing task response efficiency, which is the time efficiency for completing the appointed distribution task within the specified time; the expert annual task completion rate refers to the completion rate of the annual task total amount specified by the expert at the beginning of the year when the task is distributed.
Further, in the step 1, the applicant agreeing by more than 2/3 of experts can be brought into the expert database by expert voting; the methodology development user modifies the methodology and replies the audit opinions based on the audit opinions and uploads the modified methodology and the audit opinions to the chain, and the expert reviews again until the opinions which are more than 2/3 of the total number of the experts in the expert database and pass the methodology application and stores the methodology application in the forestry carbon sink methodology database; and/or in the step 3 and/or the step 4, when the expert user node receives more than 5/8 of the approval auditing passing opinions submitted by the experts.
Further, the technical means for providing the site survey information is as follows: and acquiring geographic coordinates of the four parties of the sample, forest area photos and operation construction image data by adopting a GPS mapping camera technology, uploading the geographic coordinates, the forest area photos and the operation construction image data to a chain when project record auditing and carbon transfer issuing auditing are carried out, and providing the chain for an auditing expert to carry out on-chain spot check.
The concrete beneficial effects are that:
(1) The block chain technology-based forestry carbon transfer measurement monitoring and transaction system comprises a plurality of transaction main bodies such as individuals, enterprises and other large-scale mechanisms, and can fully meet the requirements of the carbon neutralization for emission reduction of all parties under the background, and each participating main body participates in each link of the forestry carbon transfer transaction, so that the problem of decentralization of a voluntary carbon transfer transaction market is fundamentally solved, and the efficiency of the forestry carbon transfer transaction is improved.
(2) In the forestry carbon sink metering monitoring and transaction system based on the block chain technology, a block chain distributes a unique block chain address to each user, the concealment is high, the risk of information leakage is reduced, and the system is suitable for the confidentiality of carbon sink transaction easily classified commercial data, the publicity of environmental data and the value exchange activity of a carbon sink transaction super-large database in a global range; the consensus mechanism and the chain structure in the block chain can perfectly protect data from being tampered, information data of the consensus mechanism and the chain structure are complete and transparent, the designed carbon sink metering module and the designed carbon sink monitoring module can effectively monitor the reality and timeliness of carbon sink information and data, the self-organizing expert approval system, the methodology development system and the methodology application system are completely independent of a third party, and the auditing mechanism controlled by a pure mathematical method can also effectively improve the trust between carbon sink transaction hosts.
(3) A carbon sink project developer can estimate the amount of the carbon sink through a coding methodology, record the project, monitor the actual amount of the carbon sink generated by the project through the methodology and issue the amount of the carbon sink of the project; the self-organization expert approval system and the self-organization methodology development/application system provide a transparent methodology auditing, project record and project carbon transfer amount issuing auditing mechanism, and the system is issued to a carbon transfer transaction market through digital signatures. The method forms a block chain forestry carbon exchange mode which has the advantages that multiple parties participate together and do not depend on third party authentication at all, and has a transparent and content-tampering-incapable auditing mechanism.
(4) The site survey information is uploaded at the network terminal by fusing the GPS mapping camera technology, so that experts are not required to visit the site, time and labor are saved, convenience and rapidness are realized, and the efficiency is high.
(5) When the audit tasks are distributed, priorities are set according to the professional direction of expert adequacy, the annual task completion rate of the expert and the response efficiency of the application audit tasks of the expert historical methodology, on the premise that the efficient completion of the carbon transfer quantity issuance application tasks of the project is guaranteed, the expert in the expert library is given equal task distribution probability, and on the premise that audit ideas are submitted in the set time, the chain is seen, so that the fairness of task distribution is realized, and the higher audit efficiency is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the basic architecture of the SOMO system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic framework diagram of the self-organizing methodology development system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a system for applying the self-organizing methodology of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a carbon marketplace transaction system according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-ad hoc expert approval system; 2-self-organizing methodology development system; 3-self-organizing methodology application system; 4-carbon exchange market system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not specifically described in the present invention, but refer to the prior art.
The invention utilizes the block chain technology, so that the business rules and the data cannot be independently modified after being stored in the block chain, the reliability and the consistency are ensured, the data safety and the visibility are realized by utilizing the shared account book, the business rules are packaged based on the intelligent contract, and the data are automatically calculated and processed.
The invention discloses a core technology framework based on a block chain, which mainly comprises the following components: a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, a stimulus layer, a contract layer, and an application layer. Based on the framework, an application scene of forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction is developed. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the data layer is formed by stamping time stamps on data blocks by a block chain to form a chain, and the distributed account book is stored in a plurality of nodes to realize decentralized trusted data storage.
The network layer is responsible for setting each node and transmitting data. Key institutions such as carbon exchange markets, large-scale enterprises, professional inspection and consultation institutions and the like have independent nodes, and medium and small enterprises, financial institutions, individuals and the like are provided with sharing nodes. The nodes are in point-to-point transmission, each node is a server and also has a downloading function, and can provide and be independent of a central server to share resources, including bandwidth, storage space and computing power, and the more nodes, the faster the data is distributed. When new nodes are added and the requests for the system are increased, the capacity of the whole system is increased, a central server is not relied on, and a single point of failure does not exist.
The consensus layer is responsible for ensuring the data uniformity between the upper layer and the lower layer, and a distributed consistency technology and a data verification mechanism are adopted.
And the excitation layer is responsible for setting an excitation mechanism in the aspects of project development, expert service, platform operation and the like in the carbon exchange. The carbon exchange block chain belongs to a private chain or a alliance chain which is added by a node of a specific service voluntarily, and the incentive mechanism is realized outside the block chain.
The contract layer is mainly responsible for self-organized expert admission and service development according to expert qualification examination rules and service examination rules; according to the methodology in the methodology database, the carbon sink amount is measured and submitted to a project filing expert for examination; after the project which is successfully filed enters the monitoring period, monitoring the carbon sink of the project according to the selected methodology and submitting the carbon sink amount to an issuing expert for examination; and the enterprise or the carbon sink investor dynamically adjusts the scale of the carbon sink transaction from the value maximization angle according to the actual carbon sink purchasing demand, and offsets the carbon emission amount or realizes the buying and selling transaction according to the rule.
The application layer is each application module and system of the butt-joint block chain, and comprises an expert qualification examination/business examination module, a methodology development system, a project demonstration module, a project metering module, a project monitoring module, a carbon remittance market trading system and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the data layer of the present invention includes a plurality of databases, wherein a network layer is provided with a plurality of user nodes, and data is stored in a distributed manner and shares an account book through the user nodes, so that data cannot be tampered. The contract layer and the application layer are provided with a self-organization expert approval system 1, a self-organization methodology development system 2, a self-organization methodology application system 3 and a carbon exchange market system 4.
The user nodes comprise an expert application user node, an expert node, a methodology application user node, a forestry carbon sink project owner node, a carbon sink transaction user node and the like; the database comprises an expert database, a forestry carbon sequestration methodology database, a record project database, an issuing carbon sequestration database, a carbon sequestration transaction database and the like;
the self-organizing specialist approval system includes: a qualification examining module and a business examining module. Wherein the qualification review module: the system is in charge of accepting the expert user warehousing application submitted by a common expert user, judging whether all experts in the expert database meet the set basic requirements of the experts or not by linking, if the expert database meets the requirements, recording the expert into the expert database, and if the expert database does not meet the requirements, rejecting the admission application of the expert; and the business examination module: the system is responsible for carrying out service examination on the existing experts in the expert database, judging whether the experts seriously fulfill methodological development/examination and project record/carbon sink issue examination duties, if so, keeping the identities of the users of the experts, otherwise, degrading the experts until the basic conditions of the experts are not met, and rejecting the expert database.
The self-organizing methodology development system comprises: and the methodology development module is responsible for submitting and registering methodologies and performing methodology auditing work based on the self-organizing expert approval system, and the methodologies passed by the auditing of the experts 2/3 of the expert database on the chain are permitted to enter the project methodology database and are used for project qualification demonstration, carbon sink amount metering and carbon sink amount monitoring of a project owner.
The self-organizing methodology application system comprises a project demonstration module, a carbon sink metering module and a carbon sink monitoring module. Wherein:
the project demonstration module: the method is responsible for performing qualification demonstration of the forestry carbon sink project to be implemented by using the approved methodology in the project methodology library and judging whether the project meets the basic requirements of the selected methodology;
the carbon sink metering module: the system is responsible for estimating the prior carbon sequestration amount of the forestry carbon sequestration project by using a method passed by the examination in the project methodology library and forming a project design file, and meanwhile, the technologies of remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle, satellite positioning and the like are adopted to provide on-site examination image data information of the forestry carbon sequestration project, such as prior sample plot investigation, operation measures and the like, and the information is submitted to an expert database system for project filing expert examination;
a carbon sink monitoring module: the method is responsible for collecting the methodology passed by the auditing in the project methodology library to calculate the post-affair carbon transfer amount of the forestry carbon transfer project and form a carbon transfer amount monitoring report, meanwhile, the technologies of remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle, satellite positioning and the like are adopted to provide on-site investigation image data information of post sample plot investigation and the like of the forestry carbon transfer project, and the on-site investigation image data information is submitted to an expert database system to carry out project carbon transfer amount issuing expert auditing.
The carbon remittance market trading system comprises:
the carbon exchange amount registering/distributing module is responsible for registering issued item forestry carbon exchange amount submitted by an item owner and distributing the carbon exchange amount purchased by a buyer;
the transaction monitoring/recording module is used for monitoring and recording various carbon exchange processes such as the purchase of forestry carbon exchange amount by a consumer, the sale of the forestry carbon exchange amount by a project owner, the purchase and sale of the forestry carbon exchange amount by a carbon exchange investor and the like;
the existing carbon sink market trading interface is responsible for docking the existing carbon sink market at present internationally/domestically and providing uplink trading of the existing forestry carbon sink products.
Firstly, establishing a self-organization expert approval business rule, packaging the business rule based on an intelligent contract to form a self-organization expert approval system, auditing a forestry carbon transfer project methodology submitted to the system for auditing, and performing project filing and project carbon transfer amount issuing and auditing on a forestry carbon transfer project developed according to the methodology passed by the auditing; establishing a self-organization methodology development business rule, packaging the business rule based on an intelligent contract to form a self-organization methodology development system, wherein the development system mainly provides a methodology development module, experts in an expert database or a non-expert database submit forestry carbon sink project methodology through the module, experts in the expert database on the chain check the submitted methodology, and the approved methodology is approved to be included in the project methodology database; establishing a self-organization methodology application business rule, and packaging the business rule based on an intelligent contract to form a forestry carbon sink project self-organization methodology application system, wherein the application system mainly utilizes a carbon sink project demonstration module, a carbon sink metering module and a carbon sink monitoring module which are contained in a methodology in a project methodology database, and a project owner can perform business processes such as forestry carbon sink project qualification demonstration, forestry carbon sink project design file declaration, project carbon sink monitoring report declaration and the like through the self-organization methodology application system; and finally, establishing a carbon exchange transaction market business rule, and encapsulating the business rule based on an intelligent contract to form a forestry carbon exchange project transaction market system so as to realize market transaction behavior of forestry carbon exchange quantity.
The invention establishes a self-organizing expert approval system to audit project design files declared by a project owner, records projects of approved projects, automatically starts to enter a project monitoring period after recording, monitors the carbon sink amount by the project owner by using methodology after the project monitoring period reaches a monitoring time point required by the methodology, forms a carbon sink amount monitoring report, submits the carbon sink amount monitoring report to the expert self-organizing approval system for auditing, signs the approved projects for the carbon sink amount of forestry, and enters a voluntary carbon sink trading market for trading, thereby realizing the whole process of carbon sink metering, monitoring, auditing and trading of the carbon sink project of the forestry.
By combining the example and referring to the attached drawings, the detailed achievement steps of the forestry carbon sink project metering, monitoring, auditing and trading method based on the block chain are divided into 7 steps:
step 1: the qualification examination module in the self-organizing expert approval system shown in fig. 2 is used to perform qualification examination on experts meeting the qualification and submitting applications to the system, all experts in the expert database perform voting, and the voting result of each expert is digitally signed by a private key and then is recorded into a block chain. The applicant agreed by more than 2/3 of experts can be brought into the system expert database to obtain the qualification of methodology development, methodology examination, project design file record examination and project carbon transfer amount issuance examination, experts which do not pass the qualification examination enter the candidate expert database, and can submit qualification examination application after the qualification is met; by using the business review module in the self-organizing expert approval system shown in fig. 2, experts entering the system expert database can receive the auditing tasks of methodology review, project record review and project carbon sink issue in the authority range, the qualification review module pushes the auditing tasks according to different probabilities of the activity degree of the experts, ensures that the average probability of all the experts obtains the auditing tasks published in the chain, and improves the grade of the experts along with the successful application of the methodology of the expert in compilation/review or the increase of the successful transaction of the carbon sink of the project in review, if the compiled/reviewed carbon sink project is finally rejected or the activity of the expert in the system expert database reaches the average activity level of the system experts within one year, the relevant experts are degraded until the relevant experts are eliminated. The step completes construction of an expert database of a forestry carbon sink project, and simultaneously establishes an expert elimination and grade promotion method. The expert self-organizing approval system of the invention is obviously different from the existing expert selection mechanism of the national mandatory carbon emission reduction trade market, and the flexible expert screening and business examination module is an intelligent support for improving the efficiency of the methodological approval of the forestry carbon exchange project and the approval and issuance of the project carbon exchange amount.
Step 2: adopting a forestry carbon sink metering methodology development module in the self-organizing methodology development system shown in FIG. 3, submitting a forestry carbon sink project methodology by experts in an expert system and experts in a non-expert system in related fields, auditing the submitted methodology by the experts in an expert database, and judging that the methodology is reasonable after 2/3 of the expert auditing, namely the methodology is approved, digitally signing the approved methodology by a private key, then counting the approved methodology into a forestry carbon sink project methodology database on a block chain for selection by a project owner, carrying out development demonstration, carbon sink metering and carbon sink monitoring on the forestry carbon sink project, and rejecting the methodology which is not approved. The development, the examination and the updating of the forestry carbon sink project methodology are completed, the development and the examination of the existing forestry carbon sink project methodology need to be examined and approved by corresponding experts of national administrative departments, and after the examination is passed, the methodology is put on record, so that the process is complex and the time is long; the invention puts the auditing and recording of the project methodology into the on-chain process, and the experts in the expert certification system audit the project methodology, thereby improving the efficiency of the project methodology development, approval and recording and simplifying the corresponding process.
And step 3: adopting a project demonstration module in the self-organizing methodology application system shown in FIG. 4, project owners contrast the project qualification requirements of the forestry carbon sink project methodology to carry out project development demonstration, and projects with project qualification meeting the basic requirements of the methodology can enter a development process to compile project design files; adopting a methodology carbon sink metering module in the self-organizing methodology application system shown in FIG. 4, calculating the previous carbon sink amount of a forestry carbon sink project developed by a project owner to form a project design file, providing field investigation information such as previous project sample investigation and operation measures by using remote sensing images, unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite positioning technologies, recording the information into a block chain after digitally signing by using a private key, forming project record audit task release on the chain, carrying out task acquisition by 8 experts with forestry carbon sink project audit qualification in an expert database, and when an expert user node receives approval passing opinions submitted by 5 experts, recording the audit opinions into the block chain by using a private key digital signature, passing the project record, namely, successfully recording the project, and completing forestry carbon sink project record work. The invention simplifies the process and completes the processes of the prior estimation and project filing and verification of the forestry carbon sink project on a chain under the support of a self-organizing expert approval system and a self-organizing methodology application system, greatly simplifies the filing process of the forestry carbon sink project, ensures the accuracy of the prior calculation of the project carbon sink and the fairness of the process based on the principle that a block chain can not be tampered and is beneficial to improving the credibility.
And 4, step 4: the project carbon sink monitoring module in the self-organizing methodology application system shown in FIG. 4 is adopted, a project post-event carbon sink sample measurement monitoring method and measurement requirements in the methodology are utilized, a project post-event forestry carbon sink measurement result is accurately obtained, a project forestry carbon sink monitoring report is formed, remote sensing images, unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite positioning technologies are utilized to provide post-event project sample investigation field investigation and verification information, a private key is utilized to digitally sign and then count in a block chain, a project carbon sink monitoring result auditing task issue on the chain is formed, 8 experts with forestry carbon sink project auditing qualification are used for task acquisition in an expert database, and when an expert user node receives approval auditing passing opinions submitted by 5 experts, the auditing opinions are counted in the block chain by using the private key digital signature, the project carbon sink issue passes, namely the project carbon sink issue succeeds, and the forestry carbon sink project carbon issue work is completed. The step completes the processes of post-monitoring and expert auditing of the carbon sink amount of the forestry carbon sink project, and the processes of post-monitoring, third party auditing and expert auditing of the existing state approved reduced-emission forestry carbon sink project need the project owner to organize and declare, and are completed under the condition that the organization experts of the national administrative department organize auditing, and the corresponding process costs a lot of labor cost and time cost.
And 5: by adopting the carbon exchange amount registering and distributing module in the carbon market trading system shown in fig. 5, when the carbon exchange amount of the tradeable forestry is available, anonymous release listing information is sent out in the carbon exchange system, so that the listing mark can be checked and traded. The intelligent contract can generate a tradeable target in real time according to the rules and hang the card. The block chain prevents common participants from obtaining the target source and the transaction history, and ensures the trade secret. The authorized intention purchasing party can check the specific information and transaction records of the items, and the purchasing party can also invite the related qualification experts to verify the basic information corresponding to the carbon sink items and supervise in real time. The step completes the processes of carbon remittance registration and listing transaction of the forestry carbon remittance item, the object oriented in the process can be an enterprise or an individual, and the user who registers on a chain and intends to buy can check the specific information and the transaction record of the item, thereby greatly expanding the object oriented of the forestry carbon remittance item on the premise of considering the privacy of the item and being beneficial to the realization of carbon-neutral and strategic targets participating in the whole society.
Step 6: by using the transaction monitoring and recording module in the carbon market transaction system shown in fig. 5, during carbon sink transaction, the carbon sink amount owned by the carbon sink project developer, the ownership transfer of the carbon sink amount of the purchaser, the transaction and the new ownership information are recorded in the blockchain in real time, and are digitally signed by the private key of the transaction platform. The step completes the monitoring and recording process of the carbon sink amount transaction of the forestry carbon sink item, and the fairness and the credibility in the carbon sink amount transaction process of the forestry carbon sink item are reliably ensured on the basis of the principle that the block chain cannot be tampered and the transparency is ensured.
And 7: the forestry carbon sink project has the functions of carbon fixation, emission reduction, water and soil conservation and the like, and factors such as water and soil conservation and the like are added during intelligent contract conversion and subsidized by governments or public welfare funds. In addition, the experts who develop and examine the methodology, record and examine the carbon sink project and issue and examine the carbon sink amount are subsidized and the evaluation level is improved. The step completes the incentive process after the emission reduction transaction of the forestry carbon sink project, and the implementation of the incentive mechanism can greatly improve the enthusiasm of a carbon sink project developer and experts in various fields for participating in the forestry carbon sink transaction on the chain and improve the market activity.
The invention also develops project auditing, recording and issuing site investigation technologies: in the project auditing and filing link, when a project owner conducts project operation and design operation, geographic coordinates of four to four samples, forest area photos and operation construction image data are acquired by using a GPS mapping camera shooting technology, and are uploaded to a chain when the project auditing and filing and signing are conducted, and the chain is provided for an auditing expert to conduct on-chain spot check. In addition, 10% of total items are randomly selected to carry out field spot check of experts according to the total number of the items issued according to the carbon remittance on the chain every year, the field visit spot check is completed by experts with the positions close to the item implementing positions in the item filing and issuing and auditing expert library according to the nearby principle of the item implementing positions, and field check is carried out on the main filing, issuing and applying data and the field condition of the item during the field visit.
The invention also develops a method for distributing the tasks and auditing the experts on the chain, which comprises the following steps:
the on-chain task distribution and expert review mainly comprises methodology warehousing application task distribution and review, forestry carbon transfer project filing application task distribution and review, and forestry carbon transfer amount issuance application review task distribution and review.
After a methodological warehousing application task is submitted by a methodological development user to apply uplink, a self-organizing methodological development system simultaneously distributes the task to all experts in a self-organizing expert approval system expert library for auditing, the experts receive the methodological application auditing task above a chain and then independently audit the task, submit auditing opinions within a specified period of one week, record the auditing opinions into the chain after stamping a time stamp, and when the methodological development system receives opinions which exceed 2/3 of the total number of expert audits in the expert library, the methodological application is passed and is input into a project methodological database.
After a project filing application task is submitted by a project development owner user to apply for uplink, an ad hoc expert approval system distributes the task to 8 experts in an expert library according to three constraint rules of an expert excellence professional direction, an expert historical methodology application auditing task response efficiency and an expert annual task completion rate, wherein the constraint rules take the expert excellence professional direction as the highest priority, the expert annual task completion rate as the second priority and the expert historical methodology application auditing task response efficiency as the third priority during task distribution, and the experts in the expert library are given equal task distribution probability on the premise of ensuring the efficient completion of the project filing auditing task; and (3) taking experts of the project filing application audit task on the chain for independent audit, submitting audit opinions within a specified week, recording the audit opinions on the chain after a timestamp is printed on the audit opinions, and after the self-organizing expert approval system receives opinions that 5 experts pass the audit, passing the project filing application and recording the comments into a filing project database.
After a project carbon transfer amount issuance application task is submitted by a project development owner user to apply uplink, an ad hoc expert approval system distributes tasks to 8 experts in an expert base according to three constraint rules of an expert adequacy professional direction, an expert historical methodology application review task response efficiency and an expert annual task completion rate, the constraint rules take the expert adequacy professional direction as the highest priority, the expert annual task completion rate as the second priority and the expert historical methodology application review task response efficiency as the third priority during task distribution, and on the premise of guaranteeing the efficient completion of the project carbon transfer amount issuance application task, the experts are given equal task distribution probability; and (3) taking the experts of the project carbon remittance issue application task on the chain to independently audit, submitting audit opinions within a specified week, recording the audit opinions on the chain after stamping a time stamp, and after the self-organizing expert approval system receives opinions that 5 experts pass the audit, passing the project carbon remittance issue audit application and recording the application into the issue carbon remittance database.
The expert direction of expert excellence refers to the research field of research focus of the expert, including afforestation, forest management, bamboo afforestation and the like; the expert historical methodology application auditing task response efficiency refers to the time efficiency for completing the appointed distribution task within the time specified by the system; the expert annual task completion rate refers to the completion rate of the total annual tasks specified by the system by the expert at the beginning of the year when the tasks are distributed.
In conclusion, each node of the block chain endorses the reliability and consistency of the information according to a consensus mechanism, strengthens the participation and supervision of interest correlators, and prevents transaction risks.
The block chain technology has the natural characteristics of decentralization, high data transparency and no falsification, and an expert self-organization approval system is established by utilizing the decentralization characteristic of the block chain technology under a voluntary carbon transfer transaction market mechanism, so that whether the forestry carbon transfer project methodology linked is scientific and reasonable, whether the project carbon transfer amount is estimated in advance, whether the measurement and the process monitoring result are accurately checked can be simplified, the forestry carbon transfer project methodology development, approval and filing processes can be simplified, meanwhile, the expert auditing processes of the forestry carbon transfer project estimation in advance and monitoring in the future are simplified, the project filing and carbon transfer amount issuing efficiency is improved, and the problems of long development period and complicated auditing process of the forestry carbon transfer project are solved; the carbon sink metering module, the carbon sink monitoring module and the carbon sink transaction system are established by utilizing the characteristics of high transparency and non-falsification of data of a block chain technology, the accuracy and transparency of all carbon sink data on a chain are guaranteed, technical endorsement is carried out on the carbon sink metering, issuing and transaction of the forestry carbon sink project of the voluntary carbon sink transaction market, the problem that the forestry carbon sink product of the voluntary carbon sink transaction market is lack of the credibility is solved, and the existing transaction risk is avoided.
Claims (9)
1. A forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction system based on a block chain comprises a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an excitation layer, a contract layer and an application layer, and is characterized in that the data layer comprises a plurality of databases, data blocks are stamped by the block chain to form a chain, and then the chain is stored in a plurality of user nodes through a distributed account book; the network layer comprises a plurality of user nodes and is used for setting each user node and transmitting data; the consensus layer is used for data unification between an upper layer and a lower layer; the incentive layer sets an incentive mechanism of the carbon sink transaction; the contract layer performs self-organized expert admission and service development according to the expert qualification examination rule and the service examination rule; the application layer is each application module and system of the butt joint block chain;
wherein, the application layer comprises a self-organizing expert approval system (1), a self-organizing methodology development system (2), a self-organizing methodology application system (3) and a carbon exchange market system (4); the contract layer measures the carbon sink amount and submits the project filing expert for examination according to the methodology in the methodology database through the self-organizing methodology application system (3), after the project with successful filing enters the monitoring period, the project carbon sink monitoring is carried out according to the selected methodology, the project carbon sink amount is submitted for the examination of the issuing expert, the trading subject dynamically adjusts the carbon sink trade scale according to the actual carbon sink amount purchasing requirement through the carbon sink trade market system (4), and the carbon emission amount is offset or the trading transaction is realized according to the rule;
the self-organization expert approval system (1) is formed by establishing a self-organization expert approval business rule and packaging the business rule based on an intelligent contract, audits the qualification of the expert to be admitted and the forestry carbon transfer project methodology submitted to the system audit, and carries out project filing and project carbon transfer amount issuance audit on the forestry carbon transfer project developed according to the methodology passed by the audit; the self-organizing specialist approval system (1) includes: the system comprises a qualification examination module and a business examination module, wherein the qualification examination module is used for receiving expert user warehousing applications submitted by common expert users, all experts in an expert database are linked to judge whether the expert users accord with the set basic requirements of the experts, more than 2/3 of the experts in the expert database record the experts into the expert database if the expert database examines the expert database and considers the expert database to accord with the requirements, and the expert database rejects the admission applications of the experts if the expert database does not accord with the requirements; the service examination module is used for carrying out service examination on the existing experts in the expert database, judging whether the expert database seriously fulfills the methodological development/examination and the project record/carbon sink issue examination responsibilities, if so, keeping the identity of the expert user, otherwise, degrading the expert until the basic condition of the expert is not met, and rejecting the expert database;
the self-organization methodology development system (2) is formed by establishing self-organization methodology development business rules and packaging the business rules based on intelligent contracts, and comprises a methodology development module, experts in an expert database or a non-expert database submit forestry carbon sink project methodology through the module, experts in the expert database on a chain check the submitted methodology, and the approved methodology is permitted to be included in a project methodology database;
the self-organization methodology application system (3) is formed by establishing self-organization methodology application business rules and packaging the business rules based on intelligent contracts, and by utilizing the methodology in the project methodology database, a project owner can carry out the business process of forestry carbon sink project development through the self-organization methodology application system;
the carbon sink market trading system (4) is formed by establishing a carbon sink market business rule and packaging the business rule based on an intelligent contract and is used for the market trading process of forestry carbon sink volume.
2. The blockchain-based forestry carbon sequestration volume monitoring and transaction system of claim 1, wherein the databases comprise an expert database, a forestry carbon sequestration methodology database, a docket project database, an issued carbon sequestration volume database, and a carbon sequestration transaction database; the user nodes comprise an expert application user node, an expert node, a methodology application user node, a forestry carbon sink project owner node and a carbon sink transaction user node.
3. A blockchain based forestry carbon sequestration volume monitoring and transaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-organizing methodology development system (2) comprises: and the methodology development module is used for submitting and registering methodologies and auditing the methodologies based on the self-organizing expert approval system, and the methodologies approved by the experts in the chain, which are more than 2/3 of the expert database, are permitted to enter the project methodology database and are used for project owner to perform qualification certification, carbon sink amount metering and carbon sink amount monitoring on the project.
4. A blockchain based forestry carbon sequestration volume monitoring and transaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-organizing methodology application system (3) comprises: the system comprises a project demonstration module, a carbon sink metering module and a carbon sink monitoring module;
the project demonstration module is used for performing qualification demonstration of the forestry carbon sink project to be implemented by using the approved methodology in the project methodology library and judging whether the project meets the requirements of the selected methodology;
the carbon sink metering module estimates the prior carbon sink amount of the forestry carbon sink project and forms a project design file by utilizing the approved methodology in the project methodology library, provides the prior field investigation and verification information of the forestry carbon sink project and submits the information to an expert database system for project filing expert examination;
the carbon sink monitoring module calculates the post carbon sink amount of the forestry carbon sink project and forms a carbon sink amount monitoring report by utilizing the approved methodology in the project methodology library, provides post field investigation and verification information of the forestry carbon sink project and submits the post field investigation and verification information to the expert database system for the project carbon sink amount issuance expert to audit.
5. A block chain based forestry carbon sequestration meter monitoring and trading system according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon sequestration market trading system (4) comprises: the system comprises a carbon sink amount registration/distribution module, a transaction monitoring/recording module and an existing carbon sink market transaction interface;
the carbon transfer amount registering/distributing module is used for registering the issued carbon transfer amount of the project forestry submitted by a project owner and distributing the carbon transfer amount purchased by a buyer;
the transaction monitoring/recording module is used for monitoring and recording various carbon exchange processes;
the existing carbon sink market trading interface is used for butting the existing carbon sink market at present and providing uplink trading of the existing forestry carbon sink products.
6. A forestry carbon sink measurement monitoring and transaction method based on a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the experts meeting the qualification and submitting the application are qualified, voting is carried out by all the experts in the expert database, more than 2/3 of the experts in the expert database pass the qualification, and the voting result of each expert is digitally signed by a private key and then is recorded into a block chain; the experts who pass the qualification examination acquire the qualification of methodology development, methodology examination, project design file filing examination and project carbon transfer issuance examination, the experts who do not pass the qualification examination enter a candidate expert database, and after the qualification is met, the experts can submit qualification examination application; an expert entering a system expert database accepts methodological audit, project record audit and project carbon sink issue audit tasks in a chain within the authority range, the audit tasks are pushed according to different probabilities of the activity degree of the expert, the grade of the expert is improved along with the successful application of the methodological method compiled/audited by the expert or the increase of successful transaction of the project carbon sink amount audited by the expert, and if the compiled/audited methodology or audited carbon sink project is finally rejected or the activity degree of the expert after being brought into the system expert database does not reach the average activity level of the system expert within a certain period, the relevant expert is degraded until being eliminated;
step 2: after submitting application uplink for a forestry carbon sink project methodology by a methodology development user, auditing the submitted methodology by experts in the expert database, and examining and confirming that the methodology is scientific and reasonable by more than 2/3 of experts in the expert database, namely that the methodology is approved, digitally signing the approved methodology by a private key, then counting the approved methodology into the forestry carbon sink project methodology database on the block chain for selection by a project owner, wherein the selection comprises development argument, carbon sink amount measurement and carbon sink amount monitoring of the forestry carbon sink project, and refuting the methodology which is not approved;
and step 3: project owners contrast with project qualification requirements of forestry carbon sink project methodologies, project development is demonstrated, projects with project qualification meeting the methodology requirements can enter a development flow, and project design files are compiled; calculating the forestry carbon sink project developed by a project owner by using the selected methodology to calculate the prior carbon sink amount, forming a project design file, providing the site survey information of the prior project, recording the information into a block chain after digital signature by using a private key, forming the issue of a forestry carbon sink project record audit task on the chain, carrying out task acquisition by an expert with forestry carbon sink project audit qualification in an expert database, and after receiving approval audit passing opinions submitted by the expert and recording the audit opinions into the block chain by using the digital signature of the private key, successfully recording the project to pass, namely recording the project successfully, and finishing the forestry carbon sink project record work;
and 4, step 4: accurately acquiring a project post-event carbon transfer amount measurement result by using a project post-event carbon transfer amount sample-plot measurement monitoring method and measurement requirements in methodology, forming a project forestry carbon transfer amount monitoring report, providing post-event project field investigation and verification information, recording into a block chain after digital signature by using a private key, forming a project carbon transfer amount monitoring result verification task issue on the chain, carrying out task acquisition by an expert with forestry carbon transfer project verification qualification in an expert database, and after an expert user node receives approval verification passing opinions submitted by the expert and records the verification into the block chain by using a private key digital signature, signing and issuing the project forestry carbon transfer amount to pass verification, namely the project carbon transfer amount signing and issuing is successful, and finishing the forestry carbon transfer project carbon transfer amount signing and issuing work;
and 5: when the carbon exchange amount of the tradeable forestry is available, the listing information is issued anonymously, and authorized intention buyers can check and trade the listing mark; the intelligent contract generates a tradeable target in real time according to rules and lists, common participants cannot acquire a target source and a transaction history through a block chain, an authorized intention buyer can check specific information and transaction records of items, and the buyer can invite related qualification experts to verify basic information corresponding to a carbon transfer item and supervise in real time;
step 6: during carbon sink transaction, carbon sink amount owned by a carbon sink project developer, ownership transfer of the carbon sink amount of a purchaser, transaction and new ownership information are recorded in a block chain in real time, and a transaction platform private key is used for digitally signing;
and 7: and (4) stimulating the emission reduction transaction of the forestry carbon sink project through an incentive mechanism.
7. The method for monitoring and trading the block chain-based forestry carbon transfer amount according to claim 6, wherein the auditing task distribution method for the application of the forestry carbon transfer project filing in the step 3 and the application of the carbon transfer amount issuance in the step 4 is as follows:
an auditing task distribution method for forestry carbon sink project filing application comprises the following steps: after a project development owner user submits an application uplink, distributing tasks to experts in an expert library according to three constraint rules of an expert adept professional direction, an expert historical methodology application audit task response efficiency and an expert annual task completion rate, wherein when the tasks are distributed, the constraint rules take the expert adept professional direction as the highest priority, the expert annual task completion rate as the second priority and the expert historical methodology application audit task response efficiency as the third priority, and the experts in the expert library are given equal task distribution probability on the premise of ensuring the efficient completion of project filing audit tasks; taking experts of project filing application auditing tasks on the chain to conduct independent auditing, submitting auditing opinions within a specified week, recording the auditing opinions on the chain after a timestamp is printed on the auditing opinions, passing the project filing application after the opinions passed by the experts are received, and recording the project filing application into a filing project database;
an auditing task distribution method for forestry carbon remittance issuing application comprises the following steps: after a project development owner user submits an application uplink, tasks are distributed to experts in an expert library according to three constraint rules of an expert adept professional direction, an expert historical methodology application audit task response efficiency and an expert annual task completion rate, when the tasks are distributed, the constraint rules take the expert adept professional direction as the highest priority, the expert annual task completion rate as the second priority and the expert historical methodology application audit task response efficiency as the third priority, and on the premise of guaranteeing the efficient completion of a project carbon sink amount signing and issuing application tasks, equal task distribution probability is given to the experts in the expert library; the method comprises the steps that an expert who draws a project carbon transfer amount issue application task on a chain is independently audited, audit opinions are submitted within a specified week, the audit opinions are recorded on the chain after being stamped with a timestamp, the project carbon transfer amount issue audit applications are passed after the opinions that the expert audits are passed are received, and the project carbon transfer amount issue application applications are recorded into an issue carbon transfer amount database;
the expert excels in the professional direction and refers to the research field focused by the expert; the expert historical methodology applies for auditing task response efficiency, which is the time efficiency for completing the appointed distribution task within the specified time; the expert annual task completion rate refers to the completion rate of the expert in the specified annual task total amount during the task distribution.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein in the step 1, the applicant agrees more than 2/3 of the expert votes to be included in the expert database; the methodology development user conducts methodology modification and review opinion reply based on the review opinions and uploads the review opinions to the chain, and the experts conduct review again until the opinions which are approved by the experts and exceed the total number of the experts in the expert database by more than 2/3 are received, namely the methodology application is passed and stored in the forestry carbon sink methodology database; and/or in the step 3 and/or the step 4, when the expert user node receives more than 5/8 of the approval auditing passing opinions submitted by the experts.
9. The blockchain-based forestry carbon transfer quantity monitoring and transaction method according to claim 6, wherein the technical means for providing field survey information is as follows: and acquiring geographic coordinates of the four to four samples, forest area photos and operation construction image data by adopting a GPS mapping camera technology, uploading the geographic coordinates, the forest area photos and the operation construction image data to a chain when project filing audit and carbon sink amount issue audit are carried out, and providing the geographic coordinates, the forest area photos and the operation construction image data to an audit expert for carrying out on-chain spot check.
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