CN114547922B - Urban waterlogging analysis method and device based on polygonal mesh and storage medium - Google Patents
Urban waterlogging analysis method and device based on polygonal mesh and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polygonal grid-based urban waterlogging analysis method, a polygonal grid-based urban waterlogging analysis device and a polygonal grid-based urban waterlogging storage medium, which belong to the technical field of rainstorm waterlogging simulation analysis and comprise the following steps: acquiring a digital elevation model of a region to be measured; constructing a polygonal mesh based on a digital elevation model; solving attribute data of each polygon unit in the polygon mesh; inputting the attribute data of each polygonal unit into a prefabricated rainstorm water management model; solving waterlogging data of each polygon unit by the rainstorm rainwater management model according to the attribute data of each polygon unit; and the waterlogging data of each polygonal unit forms the waterlogging data of the area. The urban waterlogging polygonal grid is constructed based on the digital elevation model, the area of the urban waterlogging polygonal grid can be adjusted according to the size of the grid of the digital elevation model, and the whole research area can be seamlessly filled with the computing units with completely consistent shapes and sizes, so that the research area is subjected to refined waterlogging simulation analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an urban waterlogging analysis method and device based on a polygonal grid and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of rainstorm waterlogging simulation analysis.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous change of global climate and the rapid development of urbanization, urban waterlogging disasters occur frequently, which seriously threatens the life and property safety of residents and brings huge loss to economy, so that the simulation analysis of urban waterlogging is one of the key methods for urban flood control and disaster reduction.
In the process of urban inland inundation simulation analysis, the method for dividing catchment areas mainly comprises two methods: one is to manually draw by hand based on the data such as the city zone map, the topographic map, etc., and the method is time-consuming and inefficient; the second is an automatic division method for creating a Thiessen polygon with an actual rainwater well as the center, which has high speed but low precision, and the rainwater converging mode is often far from the actual mode. Therefore, how to finely and efficiently divide the catchment area is an important problem in the construction of urban drainage pipe network models.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an urban waterlogging analysis method, device and storage medium based on polygonal meshes, the urban waterlogging analysis method, device and storage medium replace catchment areas in the traditional sense, the polygonal meshes of the urban waterlogging are constructed, the calculation unit can adjust the area size of the calculation unit according to the size of a grid unit of a digital elevation model, and the calculation unit with completely consistent shape and size can be seamlessly filled in the whole research area, so that the research area is subjected to refined waterlogging simulation analysis.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an urban waterlogging analysis method based on polygonal meshes, including the following steps:
acquiring a digital elevation model of a region to be measured;
constructing a polygonal mesh based on a digital elevation model;
acquiring land cover data and remote sensing image data of a region to be detected, segmenting the land cover data and the remote sensing image data by combining polygonal meshes, and solving attribute data of the land cover data and the remote sensing image data in each segmented polygonal unit;
inputting the attribute data of each divided polygonal unit into a prefabricated rainstorm rainwater management model;
solving waterlogging data of the corresponding area of each polygon unit by the rainstorm rainwater management model according to the attribute data of each polygon unit;
and the waterlogging data of each polygonal unit jointly form the waterlogging data of the area to be detected.
Further, the construction of the polygonal mesh based on the digital elevation model comprises the following steps:
acquiring grid unit data of the digital elevation model;
establishing a rectangular grid based on the grid data of the digital elevation model;
and constructing a polygonal mesh based on the rectangular mesh.
Further, the method for establishing the rectangular grid based on the grid data of the digital elevation model comprises the following steps:
and recording the side length of the grid unit of the digital elevation model as a, and constructing a plurality of rectangular units with the length of 3a and the width of 2a by carrying out mesh segmentation on the grid of the digital elevation model to form a rectangular grid.
Further, performing mesh segmentation on the grid of the digital elevation model to construct a plurality of rectangular units with the length of 3a and the width of 2a to form a rectangular mesh, including:
taking the first grid unit at the upper left corner of the grid image in the digital elevation model as an initial grid unit, taking the corner point coordinate at the lower left corner of the initial grid unit as an initial coordinate, and marking as (A)
，
) And constructing a rectangular grid, wherein the vertex coordinates of each rectangular unit in the rectangular grid comprise:
coordinates of vertex at upper left corner of rectangular unit:
；
coordinates of vertex at upper right corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of lower left corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of lower right corner of rectangular unit:
；
coordinates of center point of rectangular unit:
；
wherein i < n, i belongs to an arithmetic progression with a first term of 1 and a tolerance of 2, and n is the number of rows of the grid in the digital elevation model; j < m, wherein j belongs to an arithmetic progression with a first term of 1 and a tolerance of 3, and m is the number of the ith row of grid units in the digital elevation model.
Further, the construction of the polygonal mesh based on the rectangular mesh comprises the following steps: acquiring the positions of the vertexes and the central points of the rectangular units;
connecting the central point of the rectangular unit with each vertex to form a line segment;
making a vertical bisector of each line segment, and taking the intersection point of each vertical bisector and the long side of the rectangular unit and the intersection point of each vertical bisector and the straight line which belongs to the central point and is along the long side direction as the vertex of the polygonal unit;
connecting each vertex in each rectangular unit in sequence, wherein a closed internal polygonal unit is formed inside each rectangular unit;
connecting two nearest points on adjacent polygonal units in the long side direction of the rectangular units, and forming a closed external polygonal unit between 4 rectangular units sharing one vertex;
the internal polygon cells are the same size and shape as the external polygon cells, and all the polygon cells together form a polygon mesh.
Further, the polygonal cells are hexagonal cells, and the length of the side of the hexagonal cells that is collinear with the side of the rectangular cells is
The length of each of the other sides is
。
Further, the attribute data of each polygon unit includes: area, width, slope, impermeability, Mannich coefficient and depression holdup.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an urban waterlogging analysis device based on a polygonal mesh, including a storage medium and a processor;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method of any one of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method of any one of the first aspects.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
the urban waterlogging polygonal grid is constructed instead of a catchment area in the traditional sense, the area of a calculation unit of the urban waterlogging polygonal grid can be adjusted according to the size of a grid unit of a digital elevation model, and the calculation units with completely consistent shapes and sizes can be seamlessly filled in the whole research area, so that the research area is subjected to fine waterlogging simulation analysis.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram (only showing a local location) of a grid in a digital elevation model in an urban waterlogging analysis method based on a polygonal mesh according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of constructing rectangular meshes in a grid of a digital elevation model in an urban waterlogging analysis method based on polygonal meshes according to an embodiment of the present invention (only local positions are shown);
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram (only showing local positions) of calculating hexagonal unit areas in an urban waterlogging analysis method based on polygonal meshes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram (only showing a local location) of a polygonal mesh constructed in an urban waterlogging analysis method based on the polygonal mesh according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating that a polygonal mesh is constructed in an area to be measured in an urban waterlogging analysis method based on the polygonal mesh according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a distribution diagram of waterlogging of a to-be-detected area after waterlogging analysis is performed on the polygonal mesh according to the polygonal mesh in the urban waterlogging analysis method based on the polygonal mesh according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 6 at A;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for urban waterlogging analysis based on a polygon mesh according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides an urban waterlogging analysis method based on a polygonal grid, which comprises the steps of establishing the polygonal grid based on a digital elevation model of an area to be detected, solving attribute data of each polygonal unit in the polygonal grid by combining land coverage data and remote sensing image data of the area to be detected, substituting the attribute data of each polygonal unit into a prefabricated rainstorm water management model, solving waterlogging data of an area where each polygonal unit is located through the rainstorm water management model, and sequentially solving the waterlogging data of all polygonal units in the area to be detected, so that the waterlogging data solving process of the whole area to be detected can be completed. The method comprises the steps of constructing and designing a polygonal grid in a digital elevation model, dividing a region to be detected by the polygonal grid, dividing the region to be detected into a plurality of polygonal units with the same shape, and carrying out waterlogging analysis on each polygonal unit to realize the waterlogging analysis of the whole region to be detected; compared with an automatic partitioning method of the Thiessen polygon, the partitioning method is faster in partitioning speed and higher in accuracy, and the difference between the actual convergence mode of the rainwater and the actual situation is smaller.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, an urban waterlogging analysis method based on a polygonal mesh provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a digital elevation model of the area to be measured, and constructing a polygonal grid based on the digital elevation model:
the topographic and geomorphic data and the environmental data of each area to be measured are fixed within a certain time, and the waterlogging data is mainly influenced by the topographic and geomorphic data and the environment, so that when the waterlogging analysis is carried out on the area to be measured, a digital elevation model capable of reflecting the topographic and geomorphic data of the area to be measured is firstly obtained;
after the digital elevation model is obtained, analyzing and determining the side length of the grid unit in the digital elevation model, as shown in fig. 1, which is a partial schematic diagram of the grid unit in the digital elevation model, and designing a polygonal mesh based on the grid unit of the digital elevation model:
the grid mesh of the digital elevation model is divided into mesh-like meshes to generate a rectangular mesh formed by splicing a plurality of rectangular units, as shown in fig. 2, the mesh-like meshes are a local schematic diagram of the rectangular mesh, the rectangular units in the rectangular mesh have the same shape and size, and the aspect ratio is 3: 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the length of the grid cell of the digital elevation model is recorded as a, and preferably, the length of the long side of the rectangular cell is set to 3a, and the length of the wide side of the rectangular cell is set to 2 a.
Respectively connecting 4 vertexes of the rectangular unit with the central point of the rectangular unit to form 4 line segments, respectively making vertical bisectors of the 4 line segments, respectively using the intersection point of each vertical bisector and the long side of the rectangular unit to which the vertical bisector belongs as a part of vertexes of the polygonal unit, using the intersection point of each vertical bisector and a straight line of the central point of the rectangular unit to which the vertical bisector belongs along the direction of the long side of the rectangle as the other part of vertexes of the polygonal unit, all the vertexes are connected in sequence in each rectangular unit to form a polygonal unit inside the rectangular unit, two nearest vertexes on adjacent polygonal units in the long side direction of the rectangular unit are connected, and 4 rectangular units sharing one vertex form an outer polygonal unit, the rectangular mesh is thus partitioned into a polygonal mesh composed of a plurality of polygonal units, which is a partial schematic diagram of the multi-polygonal mesh, as shown in fig. 4.
Step two: acquiring land cover data and remote sensing image data of a region to be detected, segmenting the land cover data and the remote sensing image data by combining polygonal meshes, and solving attribute data of land cover data and remote sensing image data of each polygonal unit in each segmented polygonal mesh:
performing mesh division on the region to be detected according to the polygonal mesh, as shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of the polygonal mesh after dividing the region to be detected;
acquiring land coverage data and remote sensing image data of an area to be detected, combining the land coverage data and the remote sensing image data with a polygonal grid based on a GIS spatial analysis technology, and calculating and solving attribute data of each polygonal unit at a corresponding position of the area to be detected;
the attribute data of each polygon unit at the corresponding position of the region to be measured comprises: the dimensions of the area, the width, the gradient, the water impermeability rate, the Manning coefficient and the water storage rate of the depression corresponding to the attributes are shown as the following table:
| properties | Unit of |
| Area of | Square meter |
| Width of | Rice and its production process |
| Slope of slope | Degree (percentage form) |
| Rate of water impermeability | Dimensionless (percentage form) |
| Coefficient of manning | Dimensionless |
| Water storage in depression | Millimeter |
Step three: solving waterlogging data of the area to be detected according to the attribute data of all the polygon units at the corresponding positions of the area to be detected:
inputting the attribute data of each polygon unit after being solved into a prefabricated rainstorm rainwater management model;
solving waterlogging data of each polygon unit by the rainstorm rainwater management model according to the attribute data of each polygon unit;
the waterlogging data of all the polygon units form the waterlogging data of the area to be detected, which is the waterlogging data of the area to be detected after polygon mesh analysis, as shown in fig. 6.
Selecting a part of area of southwest corner of urban area of salt city as example area, obtaining digital elevation model of the area, determining grid side length of each grid unit in the digital elevation model and recording the grid side length as a, the unit is meter, reading corner point coordinate of lower left corner of each grid unit in the digital elevation model (R)
，
) I represents a grid cell located at the ith row of the whole grid image, and j is the jth column of the grid located at the ith row.
Creating a rectangular grid: the method comprises the following steps of constructing a rectangular coordinate system on grid units of a digital elevation model, constructing rectangular grids on grids of the digital elevation model according to the rectangular coordinate system, wherein the length of each rectangular unit in each rectangular grid is 3a, and the width of each rectangular unit in each rectangular grid is 2a, and the method for establishing the rectangular grids comprises the following steps:
taking the first rectangular unit as an example, the coordinates of the four vertices and the coordinates of the center point of the rectangular unit are as follows:
coordinates of vertex at upper left corner of rectangular unit:
；
coordinates of vertex at upper right corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of lower left corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of lower right corner of rectangular unit:
；
coordinates of center point of rectangular unit:
；
in the above formula (
，
) And the corner point coordinates of the lower left corner of the first grid unit in the upper left corner of the grid image in the digital elevation model.
And repeatedly creating rectangular units with the same shape and size to construct a rectangular grid, wherein two adjacent rectangular units in one coordinate axis direction share a side with the length of 2a, and two adjacent rectangular units in the other coordinate axis direction share a side with the length of 3a, so that the created rectangular units are paved on the whole grid image of the digital elevation model.
Traversing the coordinates of corner points at the lower left corner of grid cells in all the digital elevation models to create rectangular cells for the reference points, wherein the traversing method comprises the following steps:
for (i=1；i<n；i=i+2)；
for (j=1；j<m；j=j+3)；
coordinates of vertex at upper left corner of rectangular unit:
；
coordinates of vertex at upper right corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of lower left corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of lower right corner of rectangular unit:
；
coordinates of center point of rectangular unit:
；
wherein n is the number of rows of grids in the digital elevation model, and m is the number of grid cells in the ith row.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial grid, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial rectangular grid, and in fig. 2, a thick solid line frame is a created rectangular unit, a triangular point is a vertex of the rectangular unit, and a square point is a center point of the rectangular unit.
Creating a hexagonal computational cell: creating hexagons with the same shape and size with the vertexes and midpoints of all the created rectangular units, so that all the hexagons are closely connected without gaps and coincidences, wherein the creating step comprises the following steps: making a straight line parallel to the long sides of the rectangle through the center points of the rectangular units as a central line, respectively connecting four vertexes of each rectangular unit with the central line to form a line segment, making a perpendicular bisector of each line segment, making the intersection point of the perpendicular bisector and the frame of the rectangular unit and the intersection point of the perpendicular bisector and the central line as the vertexes of the hexagonal unit, and sequentially connecting the vertexes inside the rectangular unit by taking the center point of the rectangular unit as the center point of the hexagonal unit to complete the construction of the polygonal unit inside the rectangular unit; and simultaneously, connecting the vertexes, which are closest to the two hexagonal units, of the rectangular units along the long side direction of the rectangle, constructing the hexagonal units among the rectangular units by taking the vertexes of the rectangular units as the center points of the hexagonal units, and enabling the hexagonal units inside the rectangular units to be identical to the hexagonal units among the rectangular units.
Side length calculation of the hexagonal unit: as shown in FIG. 3, let the length AB of the upper and lower bottom sides of the hexagonal unit be
Crossing the cell perpendicular line of A as a grid and intersecting at point C, and setting the length of FC as
And connecting one vertex of the rectangular unit and the middle point DE and crossing two hexagonal unit common edges AF at the point P, wherein the common edges AF vertically bisect the DE according to conditions. The following equation can therefore be listed in terms of the area of the triangular AFE:
calculating to obtain the length AB of the opposite side of the hexagonal unit
The waist AF is long
。
Modeling of a computing unit for urban inland inundation numerical simulation: as shown in fig. 5, in the urban inland inundation numerical simulation, each hexagonal unit represents a region of the urban surface, each region has different geometric characteristics, underlying surface characteristics, hydrological and hydraulic characteristics, the characteristics are abstracted into indexes, and after data of each index is obtained, each hexagonal unit is given in an attribute information form to form a modeled hexagonal inland inundation numerical simulation calculation unit.
And analyzing each modeled hexagonal urban waterlogging numerical simulation calculation unit through a prefabricated rainstorm rainwater management model, and acquiring waterlogging data of the whole area to be detected.
Example two: based on the same inventive concept as the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the invention provides an urban waterlogging analysis device based on a polygonal mesh, which comprises a storage medium and a processor;
a storage medium to store instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of embodiment one.
Example three:
a third embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is processed and executed, the method of any one of the first embodiment is implemented.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A city waterlogging analysis method based on a polygonal mesh is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a digital elevation model of an area to be measured;
constructing a polygonal mesh based on a digital elevation model;
acquiring land cover data and remote sensing image data of a region to be detected, segmenting the land cover data and the remote sensing image data by combining polygonal meshes, and solving attribute data of the land cover data and the remote sensing image data in each segmented polygonal unit;
inputting the attribute data of each divided polygonal unit into a prefabricated rainstorm rainwater management model;
solving waterlogging data of the corresponding area of each polygon unit by the rainstorm rainwater management model according to the attribute data of each polygon unit;
the waterlogging data of each polygonal unit jointly form the waterlogging data of the area to be detected;
the method for constructing the polygonal mesh based on the digital elevation model comprises the following steps:
acquiring grid unit data of the digital elevation model;
establishing a rectangular grid based on the grid data of the digital elevation model;
constructing a polygonal mesh based on the rectangular mesh;
the method for establishing the rectangular grid based on the grid data of the digital elevation model comprises the following steps:
recording the side length of a grid unit of the digital elevation model as a, and constructing a plurality of rectangular units with the length of 3a and the width of 2a by carrying out mesh segmentation on the grid of the digital elevation model to form a rectangular grid;
the method for constructing the polygonal mesh based on the rectangular mesh comprises the following steps:
acquiring the positions of the vertexes and the central points of the rectangular units;
connecting the central point of the rectangular unit with each vertex to form a line segment;
making a vertical bisector of each line segment, and taking the intersection point of each vertical bisector and the long side of the rectangular unit and the intersection point of each vertical bisector and the straight line which belongs to the central point and is along the long side direction as the vertex of the polygonal unit;
connecting each vertex in each rectangular unit in sequence, wherein a closed internal polygonal unit is formed inside each rectangular unit;
connecting two nearest points on adjacent polygonal units in the long side direction of the rectangular units, and forming a closed external polygonal unit between 4 rectangular units sharing one vertex;
the internal polygon cells are the same size and shape as the external polygon cells, and all the polygon cells together form a polygon mesh.
2. The urban waterlogging analysis method based on polygonal meshes according to claim 1, characterized in that:
performing mesh segmentation on a grid of the digital elevation model to construct a plurality of rectangular units with the length of 3a and the width of 2a to form a rectangular grid, wherein the mesh segmentation comprises the following steps:
using the upper left corner of the grid image in the digital elevation modelThe first grid cell is the starting grid cell, and the corner coordinate of the lower left corner of the starting grid cell is the starting coordinate, which is marked as (
，
) And constructing a rectangular grid, wherein the vertex coordinates of each rectangular unit in the rectangular grid comprise:
vertex coordinates of upper left corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of upper right corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of lower left corner of rectangular unit:
；
vertex coordinates of lower right corner of rectangular unit:
；
coordinates of center point of rectangular unit:
；
wherein i < n, i belongs to an arithmetic progression with a first term of 1 and a tolerance of 2, and n is the number of rows of the grid in the digital elevation model; j < m, wherein j belongs to an arithmetic progression with a first term of 1 and a tolerance of 3, and m is the number of the ith row of grid units in the digital elevation model.
3. The urban waterlogging analysis method based on polygonal meshes according to claim 1, characterized in that: said pluralityThe edge cells are hexagonal cells, and the length of the edge of the hexagonal cell collinear with the edge of the rectangular cell is
The length of each of the other sides is
。
4. The urban waterlogging analysis method based on polygonal meshes according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the attribute data of each polygon unit includes: area, width, slope, impermeability, Mannich coefficient and depression holdup.
5. The utility model provides an urban waterlogging analytical equipment based on polygon net which characterized in that:
comprises a storage medium and a processor;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: the computer program when being processed and executed implements the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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