CN114546023B - Maximum power point tracking method of photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maximum power point tracking method of a photovoltaic power generation system, which comprises a starting stage and an operating stage, wherein the starting stage rapidly reaches the vicinity of the maximum power point by a fixed current method, then a variable step disturbance observation method is used for locking a reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment, and then the operating stage is started; the P-U curve is partitioned by about 12% of the reference voltage point in the operation stage, so that the voltage working point is always in the region about 12% of the reference voltage; meanwhile, whether the environment is changed greatly is judged, if the environment is changed greatly, dP is corrected, and then the step length is adjusted. The invention realizes the tracking method of the self-adaptive step length. The invention can reduce energy loss to the greatest extent, does not need to additionally collect short-circuit current or open-circuit voltage, has strong algorithm portability, can be self-adaptive to different photovoltaic modules, and ensures good dynamic and steady-state performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation systems, in particular to a maximum power point tracking method of a photovoltaic power generation system.
Background
Carbon dioxide emitted by an electric power system occupies a large proportion of the total emission of carbon dioxide, the structural conversion of electric power energy is urgent, and clean energy such as solar energy is increasingly developed and utilized.
The solar panel array is a device for directly converting light energy into electric energy through photoelectric effect or photochemistry, the output power of the solar panel array can be influenced by external environments such as illumination, temperature and the like, in order to improve the power generation efficiency, the output power is maintained to work at the maximum power, and a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is proposed by a plurality of students. The disturbance observation method and the conductivity increment method are widely used because of the characteristics of simple logic and easy realization, but have contradiction between tracking speed and tracking precision. If a large step length is selected, a large oscillation exists at the maximum power point, so that a large energy loss is caused; if a small step is selected, the tracking speed is seriously reduced, and a misjudgment phenomenon can occur when the environment is greatly changed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a maximum power point tracking method of a photovoltaic power generation system, which is characterized by simple logic and easy realization of a disturbance observation method, and simultaneously introduces a fixed voltage and fixed current method to realize a variable step tracking method capable of adapting to environmental changes.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a maximum power point tracking method of a photovoltaic power generation system, which comprises the following steps:
judging whether the photovoltaic array is in a starting stage or an operating stage based on a reference voltage Vref value at a maximum power point;
if the current working point is in the starting stage, starting by adopting a fixed current method, so that the current working point quickly reaches the maximum power point; tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment by using a variable step disturbance observation method;
if the current voltage is in the operation stage, carrying out partition judgment on the current voltage, and if the current voltage meets 0.88Vref which is less than or equal to U (t) which is less than or equal to 1.12Vref, tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment by using a variable step disturbance observation method; otherwise, the output voltage of the photovoltaic array is adjusted, and whether the photovoltaic array is in a starting stage or an operating stage is judged again; wherein U (t) is the current sampled photovoltaic array voltage of the t-th period.
Further, the determining whether the photovoltaic array is in the start-up phase or the running phase based on the reference voltage Vref value at the maximum power point includes:
if V is ref =0, then the photovoltaic array is in the start-up phase; otherwise, the photovoltaic array is in an operational phase.
Further, if in the start-up phase, then:
judging that I (t) is less than or equal to I ref If so, enabling Vrefold=U (t) to enter a tracking stage of a variable step disturbance observation method; if not, add a sense I to the output current ref A disturbance current in the direction, let I (t+1) =i ref T=t+1, and judging I (t) is less than or equal to I again ref Whether or not to establish;
wherein I (t) is the current of the photovoltaic array in the t period of the current sampling, I ref Reference current for the photovoltaic array;
I ref the values are as follows:
I ref ＝0.92I SC ，
wherein U is% t -1)、I( t -1) the first of the samples respectively t -1 cycle of photovoltaic array voltage and current.
Further, the tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment by using the variable step disturbance observation method comprises the following steps:
judging whether the current environment is suddenly changed or not,
if not mutated
Tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment for the step length;
if it is mutated by
Tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment for the step length;
wherein DeltaU max For a preset maximum step length, k 1 Are step length adjusting coefficients;
k＝dP/dU；
k 1 ＝dP * /dU；
dP＝U(t)·I(t)-U(t-1)I(t-1)；
dU＝U(t)-U(t-1)；
dP * ＝U(t)I(t)-U(t-1)(I(t)-dI old )；
dI old ＝I(t-1)-I(t-2)；
u (t) and U (t-1) are respectively sampled photovoltaic array voltages in the t period and the t-1 period, and I (t), I (t-1) and I (t-2) are respectively sampled photovoltaic array currents in the t period, the t-1 period and the t-2 period.
Further, the determining whether the current environment is mutated includes:
judging whether |dP| < alpha or |dI| < beta is met, if any one is met, the current environment is not mutated; if both are not established, the current environment is mutated;
wherein, alpha and beta are preset thresholds, dI=I (t) -I (t-1).
Further, the following is provided
Tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment for the step size comprises the following steps:
if dP is less than 0 and dU is less than 0, the tracking mode is as follows:
if dP < 0 and dU > 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP > 0 and dU < 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP > 0 and dU > 0, the tracking mode is:
where vrefald is initially U (t), after which vrefald=vref.
Further, the following is provided
Tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment for the step size comprises the following steps:
if dP * < 0 and dU < 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP * < 0 and dU > 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP * > 0 and dU < 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP * > 0 and dU > 0, the tracking mode is:
where vrefald is initially U (t), after which vrefald=vref.
Further, the adjusting the output voltage of the photovoltaic array includes:
if U (t) < 0.88Vref, an up to 0.88V is added on the basis of the output voltage ref A disturbance voltage in the direction such that U (t+1) =0.88 Vref;
if U (t) > 1.12Vref, then add a voltage to 1.12V based on the output voltage ref A disturbance voltage in the direction such that U (t+1) =1.12 Vref;
further, the α takes a value of 5% P (t) and the β takes a value of 10% I (t), where P (t) =u (t) I (t).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention introduces the ideas of the fixed voltage and the fixed current method while keeping the characteristics of simple logic and easy realization of the disturbance observation method, and discards the defects of periodically collecting short circuit current and open circuit voltage to obtain the variable step tracking method capable of adapting to environmental changes.
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Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for tracking a maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing voltage and current variation characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of erroneous judgment generation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing voltage partitions under environmental changes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a step size characteristic curve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a maximum power point tracking method of a photovoltaic power generation system, which comprises the following steps of: the first stage judges whether the reference voltage Vref value at the maximum power point is in a starting stage or an operating stage based on the magnitude of the reference voltage Vref value at the maximum power point, the second stage fully considers the asymmetry of the P-U curve, enables the voltage working point to be always near the maximum power voltage point, judges whether the environment is greatly changed in real time to further adjust the disturbance direction and magnitude, and solves the problems that the traditional disturbance observation method is difficult to achieve both the tracking speed and the tracking precision and is easy to cause misjudgment.
The method for tracking the maximum power point of the photovoltaic power generation system provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) for the PV array, collecting the voltage U (t) and the current I (t) of the t-th period, the voltage U (t-1) and the current I (t-1) of the t-1-th period, and judging V ref Whether or not=0 is satisfied, if so, executing step (2); otherwise, executing the step (4). V (V) ref The initial value in the algorithm may be set to 0.
(2) Calculation of
Let I ref ＝0.92I SC 。
(3) Detecting I (t), and judging that I (t) is less than or equal to I ref If yes, let vrefald=u (t), then execute step (6); if not, rapidly updating the value of I (t+1) to I ref I.e. I (t+1) =i ref Let t=t+1, resample voltage U (t) and current I (t) for the t-th period, voltage U (t-1) and current I (t-1) for the t-1-th period, and continue executing this step.
(4) Judging whether the U (t) is smaller than or equal to 0.88Vref and smaller than or equal to 1.12Vref is met, and executing the step (6) if the U (t) is met; if not, executing the step (5).
(5) Judging whether U (t) is less than 0.88Vref or not, if so, controlling the output voltage U (t+1) of the next period of the PV array to be rapidly increased to 0.88V ref That is, U (t+1) =0.88 Vref, let t=t+1, and return to step (1); if not, let U (t+1) =1.12vref, t=t+1, and return to step (1).
(6) Calculation of dp=u (t) ·i (t) -U (t-1) ·i (t-1), dP * ＝U(t)·I(t)-U(t-1)·(I(t)-dI old )、dU＝U(t)-U(t-1)、dI＝I(t)-I(t-1)、k＝dP/dU、k 1 ＝dP * /dU，dI old ＝I(t-1)-I(t-2)，
Judging that |dP| < alpha or |dI| < beta, if any one is true, executing the step (7); if neither of them is true, execute step (i). Wherein, alpha and beta are preset experimental coefficients.
(7) Judging whether dP < 0 is satisfied, if so, executing the step (8), and if not, executing the step (9).
(8) Judging whether dU < 0 is true, if true, making
If not, let
Then go to step->
Wherein DeltaU max Is a preset experiment coefficient.
(9) Judging whether dU < 0 is true, if true, making
If not, let
Then go to step->
Judging dP * If the value of < 0 is satisfied, executing the steps of
If not, execute step->
In step (1), dI is as follows old The current change amount is the current change amount of the previous period and the previous period, and as shown in FIG. 2, there is
It is true that the method is that, I1(t) indicating illuminance of 1kW/m 2 At the time of the t-th cycle of photovoltaic array current, I(t) indicating illuminance of 0.8kW/m 2 The current of the photovoltaic array in the t-th period is basically equal to the current change in a voltage change interval under different environments, and the change is recorded to correct the current in the last period when the environment is suddenly changed so as to prevent the misjudgment phenomenon of the algorithm, wherein the misjudgment phenomenon is shown in fig. 3, and the illuminance is 0.8kW/m from the current period U (t) to the next period U (t+1) 2 The variation was 1kW/m 2 If dp=p (t+1) -P (t) is used as the basis for determining the direction and the step, erroneous determination occurs, and the actual power difference should be dp=p (t+1) -P * 。
In step (2), the algorithm is started immediately before the current change corresponds to the constant current source, and thus the algorithm can be used
And calculating the short-circuit current in the current environment.
In step (3), the value of I (t+1) is updated to I ref The implementation mode is that a direction I is given ref The disturbance current in the direction, i.e. adding a direction I to the output current ref A disturbance current in a direction such that I (t+1) =i ref 。
In step (4), since the short-circuit current cannot be obtained by direct calculation after the start-up phase has been completed, the obtained voltage is divided into regions having approximately the maximum operating point voltage so as to be able to operate at all times in the vicinity of the maximum power point, and the divided regions are dependent on each otherAs shown in FIG. 4, the illuminance was 1kW/m by the fixed voltage method 2 Continuously variable of 0.6kW/m 2 In the process of (2), the maximum power point is always between 0.88Uref and 1.12Uref, namely the illuminance change is large, and the voltage change at the maximum power point is small.
It should be noted that, in step (5), the output voltage U (t+1) of the next period of the PV array is controlled to rapidly increase to 0.88V ref By adding a voltage of 0.88V to the output voltage ref The disturbance voltage in the direction makes U (t+1) =0.88 Vref.
In step (6), it is determined that |dp| < α or |di| < β is to determine whether or not the environment is greatly changed.
In the steps (8) and (9),
Wherein, the step size calculation formula is as follows,
the characteristic of the curve x 2/(1+x 2) is shown in FIG. 5, and it can be seen from the graph that the maximum value of the function approaches 1 when the maximum power point is far, and the step size is 0 when the maximum power point is reached.
In the present embodiment, experimental coefficients α, β, Δu max 5% P (t), 10% I (t) and 0.04 were taken respectively.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The maximum power point tracking method of the photovoltaic power generation system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
judging whether the photovoltaic array is in a starting stage or an operating stage based on a reference voltage Vref value at a maximum power point;
if the current working point is in the starting stage, starting by adopting a fixed current method, so that the current working point quickly reaches the maximum power point; tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment by using a variable step disturbance observation method;
if the current voltage is in the operation stage, carrying out partition judgment on the current voltage, and if the current voltage meets 0.88Vref which is less than or equal to U (t) which is less than or equal to 1.12Vref, tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment by using a variable step disturbance observation method; otherwise, the output voltage of the photovoltaic array is adjusted, and whether the photovoltaic array is in a starting stage or an operating stage is judged again; u (t) is the current sampled photovoltaic array voltage in the t period;
the step-variable disturbance observation method for tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment comprises the following steps:
judging whether the current environment is suddenly changed or not,
if not mutated
Tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment for the step length;
if it is mutated by
Tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment for the step length;
wherein DeltaU max For a preset maximum step length, k 1 Are step length adjusting coefficients;
k＝dP/dU；
k 1 ＝dP*/dU；
dP＝U(t)·I(t)-U(t-1)·I(t-1)；
dU＝U(t)-U(t-1)；
dP*＝U(t)·I(t)-U(t-1)·(I(t)-dI old )；
dI old ＝I(t-1)-I(t-2)；
u (t) and U (t-1) are respectively sampled photovoltaic array voltages in a t period and a t-1 period, and I (t), I (t-1) and I (t-2) are respectively sampled photovoltaic array currents in a t period, a t-1 period and a t-2 period; dI old Is the current variation between the t-1 th period and the t-2 nd period.
2. The method for tracking the maximum power point of the photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining whether the photovoltaic array is in the start-up phase or the operation phase based on the reference voltage Vref value at the maximum power point comprises:
if V is ref =0, then the photovoltaic array is in the start-up phase; otherwise, the photovoltaic array is in an operational phase.
3. The method for tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein if in a start-up phase:
judging that I (t) is less than or equal to I ref If so, enabling Vrefold=U (t) to enter a tracking stage of a variable step disturbance observation method; if not, add a sense I to the output current ref A disturbance current in the direction, let I (t+1) =i ref T=t+1, and judging I (t) is less than or equal to I again ref Whether or not to establish;
wherein I (t) is the current of the photovoltaic array in the t period of the current sampling, I ref Reference current for the photovoltaic array;
I ref the values are as follows:
I ref ＝0.92I SC ，
u (t-1) and I (t-1) are respectively the sampled voltage and current of the photovoltaic array in the t-1 period.
4. The method for tracking the maximum power point of the photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether the current environment is suddenly changed comprises:
judging whether |dP| < alpha or |dI| < beta is met, if any one is met, the current environment is not mutated; if both are not established, the current environment is mutated;
wherein, alpha and beta are preset thresholds, dI=I (t) -I (t-1).
5. The method for tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the following is performed
Tracking the reference voltage at the maximum power point in the current environment for the step size comprises the following steps:
if dP is less than 0 and dU is less than 0, the tracking mode is as follows:
if dP < 0 and dU > 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP > 0 and dU < 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP > 0 and dU > 0, the tracking mode is:
where vrefald is initially U (t), after which vrefald=vref.
6. The method for tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the following is performed
Tracking current environment for step sizeA reference voltage at a lower maximum power point, comprising:
if dP is less than 0 and dU is less than 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP is less than 0 and dU is greater than 0, the tracking method is:
if dP > 0 and dU < 0, the tracking mode is:
if dP > 0 and dU > 0, the tracking method is:
where vrefald is initially U (t), after which vrefald=vref.
7. The method for tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting the output voltage of the photovoltaic array comprises:
if U (t) < 0.88Vref, an up to 0.88V is added on the basis of the output voltage ref A disturbance voltage in the direction such that U (t+1) =0.88 Vref;
if U (t) > 1.12Vref, then add a voltage to 1.12V based on the output voltage ref The disturbance voltage in the direction makes U (t+1) =1.12 Vref.
8. The method for tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 4, wherein the α is 5% P (t) and the β is 10% I (t), wherein P (t) =u (t) ·i (t).
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