CN114544412A - Flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device - Google Patents
Flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114544412A CN114544412A CN202210441175.0A CN202210441175A CN114544412A CN 114544412 A CN114544412 A CN 114544412A CN 202210441175 A CN202210441175 A CN 202210441175A CN 114544412 A CN114544412 A CN 114544412A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/58—Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device, which relates to the technical field of mechanical rock breaking tests and comprises a cutter vertical moving mechanism, a rock sample box, a flexible confining pressure loading mechanism and a sliding seat assembly; the rock sample box is arranged on the sliding seat assembly, and the sliding seat assembly is used for driving the rock sample box to horizontally move; the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism is arranged in the rock sample box and is provided with an oil-filled deformation cavity, and the oil-filled deformation cavity is used for filling oil for pressurizing a rock sample; the cutter vertical moving mechanism is positioned above the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism. The flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device provided by the invention can gradually load a rock sample from zero confining pressure to high confining pressure, avoids stress concentration on the surface of the rock sample, and can research the influence of cutting speed on mechanical rock breaking performance by controlling the moving speed of the sliding seat assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical rock breaking tests, in particular to a flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device.
Background
The mechanical rock breaking performance has a decisive influence on the mechanical tunneling efficiency, and a mechanical rock breaking indoor test is one of the main methods for mechanical rock breaking mechanical and performance research at present. The mechanical rock breaking indoor test research can be mainly divided into two types, one type is a tool penetration test which does not consider cutting of a mechanical tool parallel to the rock surface and only considers pressing of the tool vertical to the rock surface, the other type is a rock breaking test which can simultaneously consider cutting of the tool and normal penetration, and the latter can be divided into a linear cutting test and a rotary cutting test.
The tool penetration test has the advantages that the tool penetration test can be carried out on a rock mechanics testing machine by adopting a rock sample with a smaller size and without special experimental equipment, and is convenient and quick, and the cost is less. However, the vertical pressing-in movement of the cutter does not consider the cutting movement actually generated by the cutter, so that the reliability of the result is poor, and the vertical pressing-in movement of the cutter can only be used as a research means of a mechanical rock breaking mechanism and cannot be used for the design and performance prediction of the mechanical cutter.
The rock cutting experiment has the advantages that the rock breaking mode similar to the actual mechanical rock breaking process is adopted, and the influences of the cutter spacing and the penetration degree can be reflected, so that the test result can be used for the design and performance prediction of the mechanical cutter. Rock cutting test equipment can be divided into a full-size testing machine and a reduced-size testing machine according to different sizes.
The full-face mechanical rock breaking test platform effectively avoids the adverse effects of size effect and boundary effect brought by small-size rock samples, can directly obtain test data related to the engineering field tunneling performance, but is very expensive to construct. In addition, large-size rock samples need to be prepared before the test, the sampling difficulty is high, the test preparation period is long, and the cost is huge, so that the full-face rock breaking test is very difficult, and sufficient test data can not be obtained by performing a large number of tests. Therefore, the utilization rate of the full-face test platform is not high.
The test method for replacing the full-size mechanical rock breaking platform is to develop a smaller tester, and various types of small and medium-sized mechanical rock breaking testers are developed by a plurality of domestic scientific research units and equipment manufacturers, but the following defects exist: 1) the conventional testing machine cannot apply confining pressure to the rock sample; 2) when the size of a rock sample is large, the requirement on the loading capacity of a required loading device is high when high confining pressure is applied, and confining pressure larger than 30MPa is difficult to apply, so that mechanical rock breaking under the condition of high ground stress cannot be researched; 3) the tester that can exert confining pressure all withstands steel sheet, steel sheet contact rock specimen through loading device (like the jack) and applys pressure, and the steel sheet can't laminate completely with the rock specimen surface, and there is stress concentration in the rock specimen surface, leads to the rock specimen to exert the in-process damage easily at confining pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device which can gradually load a rock sample from zero confining pressure to high confining pressure and can research the influence of cutting speed on mechanical rock breaking performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device which comprises a cutter vertical moving mechanism, a rock sample box, a flexible confining pressure loading mechanism and a sliding seat assembly, wherein the cutter vertical moving mechanism is arranged on the rock sample box;
the rock sample box is arranged on the sliding seat assembly, and the sliding seat assembly is used for driving the rock sample box to horizontally move;
the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism is arranged in the rock sample box and is provided with an oil-filled deformation cavity, and the oil-filled deformation cavity is used for filling oil for pressurizing a rock sample;
the cutter vertical moving mechanism is positioned above the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism.
Further, flexible confined pressure loading mechanism includes frame and oil bag, the oil bag includes pressurization portion and oil feed portion, pressurization portion is located the inboard of frame, just pressurization portion has the oil-filled deformation chamber, oil feed portion runs through the frame, oil feed portion one end with oil-filled deformation chamber intercommunication, the other end is used for communicating with outside oil pump.
Furthermore, a gasket is additionally arranged between the pressurizing part and the side wall of the frame.
Furthermore, the top of pressurization portion has the gas outlet, the gas outlet can be dismantled and be connected with the sealing plug, pressurization portion surface mounting has the vibrator or the vibrator is installed to the bottom of slide assembly.
Further, the frame comprises four side walls, and the four side walls are enclosed into a rectangular structure.
Further, still include the frame, the vertical moving mechanism of cutter and the slide assembly all install in on the frame.
Further, the cutter vertical moving mechanism comprises a first driver, a guide rail, a telescopic part and a cutting assembly;
the first driver and the guide rail are both arranged on the rack;
the telescopic part comprises an inner barrel and an outer barrel, the top end of the outer barrel is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the guide rail, the inner barrel is connected with the guide rail in a sliding mode and penetrates through the outer barrel, the first driver is connected with the top end of the inner barrel, the first driver is used for driving the inner barrel to vertically slide relative to the guide rail, and the cutting assembly is connected with the bottom end of the inner barrel.
Further, the cutter vertical moving mechanism further comprises a fastening handle, the fastening handle penetrates through the outer barrel and is movably connected with the outer barrel, and the fastening handle is used for being abutted against the inner barrel to limit the position of the inner barrel relative to the outer barrel.
Further, the cutting assembly comprises a three-way force sensor, a cutter holder and a cutter, the three-way force sensor is connected with the bottom end of the inner barrel, one end of the cutter holder is connected with the three-way force sensor, and the other end of the cutter holder is detachably connected with the cutter.
Further, the slide assembly includes lateral shifting mechanism and longitudinal movement mechanism, lateral shifting mechanism install in the frame, longitudinal movement mechanism install in on the lateral shifting mechanism, the rock sample box install in on the longitudinal movement mechanism.
Further, the transverse moving mechanism comprises a second driver, a fixed lower sliding rail and a movable lower sliding seat, the fixed lower sliding rail is fixedly arranged on the rack, a fixed part of the second driver is fixedly arranged on the fixed lower sliding rail, a movable part of the second driver is connected with the movable lower sliding seat, and the movable lower sliding seat is connected with the fixed lower sliding rail in a sliding manner;
the vertical moving mechanism comprises a third driver and a moving upper sliding seat, a fixing part of the third driver is fixedly arranged on the moving lower sliding seat, a moving part of the third driver is connected with the moving upper sliding seat, the moving upper sliding seat is connected with the moving lower sliding seat in a sliding manner, and the rock sample box is arranged on the moving upper sliding seat.
And the data acquisition system is connected with the cutter vertical moving mechanism, the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism and the sliding seat assembly.
The flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device provided by the invention can have the following beneficial effects:
when the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device is used, a rock sample is positioned in the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism, oil is pumped into an oil-filled deformation cavity in the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism through an external oil pump and other structures until the preset pressure is reached, and after the rock sample is stabilized for a period of time, the rock sample can be gradually loaded from zero confining pressure to high confining pressure (more than 30 MPa) through the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism; then, the cutter vertical moving mechanism vertically moves to a specified rock breaking penetration position, and the sliding seat assembly drives the rock sample box to horizontally move to realize the rock breaking of the primary hob; and finally, the sliding seat assembly drives the rock sample box to horizontally move again to realize secondary hob rock breaking. The upper hand rock breaking process can be carried out for a plurality of times according to the research needs.
Compared with the prior art, the flexible confining pressure-added mechanical rock breaking test device provided by the invention can gradually load a rock sample from zero confining pressure to high confining pressure (more than 30 MPa) through the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism, avoids stress concentration on the surface of the rock sample, provides platform support for researching the rock breaking mechanics and the tunneling performance of a zero confining pressure-to-high confining pressure multi-rock breaking cutter, and can research the influence of the cutting speed on the mechanical rock breaking performance by controlling the moving speed of the sliding seat assembly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flexible confining pressure loading mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a frame provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a guide rail and telescoping section of the present invention in engagement;
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of another rail and telescoping section provided by the present invention in engagement;
figure 8 is a side view of a slide assembly and rock sample box provided by the present invention in engagement.
Icon: 1-a cutter vertical moving mechanism; 11-a first driver; 12-a guide rail; 13-a telescoping section; 131-an inner cylinder; 132-an outer barrel; 133-an upper flange; 134-lower flange; 14-a cutting assembly; 141-three-way force sensor; 142-a tool apron; 143-a cutter; 15-tightening the handle; 151-a first handle body; 152-a stud; 153-friction plate; 154-a second handle body; 155-cam; 2-a rock sample box; 3-a flexible confining pressure loading mechanism; 31-a frame; 311-side walls; 32-oil pocket; 321-a pressurization part; 3211-sealing plug; 322-an oil intake; 4-a carriage assembly; 41-a transverse moving mechanism; 411 — second driver; 412-fixed lower slide; 413-moving the lower slide; 42-a longitudinal movement mechanism; 421-a third driver; 422-moving the upper sliding seat; 5-a frame; 51-welding the assembly; 52-upright column; 53-a base; 6-a first vibrator; 7-second vibrator.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The embodiment provides a flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, which includes a cutter vertical moving mechanism 1, a rock sample box 2, a flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 and a sliding seat assembly 4; the rock sample box 2 is arranged on a sliding seat assembly 4, and the sliding seat assembly 4 is used for driving the rock sample box 2 to horizontally move; the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 is arranged in the rock sample box 2, the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 is provided with an oil-filled deformation cavity, and the oil-filled deformation cavity is used for filling oil bodies for pressurizing rock samples; the cutter vertical moving mechanism 1 is positioned above the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3.
In the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device provided by the embodiment, the rock sample is pressurized through the deformation of the oil-filled deformation cavity under the action of oil pressure, compared with the condition that the rock sample is pressurized through the contact of rigid structures such as steel plates and the like with the rock sample, the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device can be more fully contacted with the rock sample, the surface of the rock sample cannot have the phenomenon of stress concentration, the rock sample is not easy to damage in the confining pressure applying process, the confining pressure given to the rock sample can be adjusted through controlling the filling amount of oil bodies, the low confining pressure can be gradually loaded to the high confining pressure, the control is easy, and the tunneling performance of actual engineering can be accurately predicted at lower cost. In addition, the vertical moving mechanism 1 of cutter and the slide seat assembly 4 cooperate with each other to realize the rock breaking by the hob in the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device provided by the embodiment, and the influence of the cutting speed on the mechanical rock breaking performance can be researched by controlling the speed of the slide seat assembly 4.
It can be understood that, the above "flexibility" refers to that, compared with the prior art in which a rigid structure is used to rigidly pressurize a rock sample, the "flexibility" refers to that the pressure confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device in this embodiment pressurizes the surrounding rock in a "flexible" manner, that is, by matching the oil body and the oil-filled deformation cavity, rather than pressurizing the rock sample using a rigid member, so as to ensure that the rock sample is uniformly stressed and avoid stress concentration.
The following describes the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 specifically:
it should be noted that all the structures having the oil-filled deformable cavities may be the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 mentioned in the above embodiments. For example: the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 comprises a cylindrical pressurizing bag, or the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 comprises a cylindrical outer frame and the pressurizing bag positioned in the outer frame, and oil bodies can be directly pumped into an oil-filled deformation cavity in the pressurizing bag.
Specifically illustrated by way of example in fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 includes a frame 31 and an oil bag 32; the frame 31 can be arranged to fit the inner wall of the rock sample box 2; the oil bag 32 includes a pressurization portion 321 and an oil inlet portion 322, the pressurization portion 321 is located inside the frame 31, the pressurization portion 321 has an oil-filled deformation cavity, the oil inlet portion 322 penetrates through the frame 31, one end of the oil inlet portion 322 is communicated with the oil-filled deformation cavity, and the other end of the oil inlet portion 322 is used for being communicated with an external oil pump.
When the oil filling device is used, an oil body enters the oil filling deformation cavity through the oil inlet portion 322, the pressurizing portion 321 gradually expands towards a rock sample under the action of oil pressure, the outer surface of the pressurizing portion 321 is in contact with the rock sample along with continuous pumping of the oil body, deformation of the pressurizing portion 321 is limited by the inner wall of the frame and the surface of the rock sample, the surface of the rock sample is subjected to flexible pressure, and therefore stress concentration of the rock sample is avoided. The amount of flexible pressure that can be applied depends on the load bearing capacity of the frame 31 or rock sample box 2, the oil pressure loading capacity and the rock sample load bearing capacity.
The oil bag 32 may be made of a material that can be deformed largely, such as rubber.
It should be additionally noted that after the rock sample is placed in the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3, when the distance between the surface of the rock sample and the oil pocket 32 is greater than 30mm, a gasket can be additionally installed between the pressurizing part 321 and the side wall 311 of the frame 31. After installing the gasket additional, can reduce the distance between rock specimen surface and the oil pocket 32 to make oil pocket 32 pump go into behind the oil body, can fully pressurize the rock specimen with the contact of rock specimen fast.
Under normal conditions, before the oil body is filled, it is difficult to ensure that the inside of the oil bag is in a zero-gas state, that is, a small amount of gas exists in the pressurizing part 321, so that the gas may be attached to the inner surface of the pressurizing part 321 in a small bubble form in the pressurizing process, and because the small bubble form is unstable, the volume and position change can occur in the rock breaking process, so that the oil pressure is unstable, and the rock sample confining pressure is changed. In order to reduce the occurrence of the above situation, the top end of the pressurizing part 321 is provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is detachably connected with a sealing plug 3211, and a vibrator is mounted on the outer surface of the pressurizing part 321 or the bottom of the sliding seat assembly 4 is mounted with a vibrator.
As illustrated in fig. 4, the top end of the pressurizing part 321 has an air outlet, a sealing plug 3211 is detachably connected to the air outlet, and the first vibrator 6 is mounted on the top end of the outer surface of the pressurizing part 321. When the pressure-relief valve is used, the air outlet is closed through the sealing plug 3211, oil is filled from the oil inlet of the oil inlet portion 322 to the pressure of 0.5MPa, the first vibrator 6 is started, small bubbles attached to the inside of the pressurization portion 321 rise to the top of the pressurization portion 321, then the sealing plug 3211 is taken down, pressure relief is carried out to zero, oil filling is continued, when oil slightly flows out from the air outlet at the top, air exhaust is completed, the air outlet is blocked by the sealing plug 3211, and oil is filled from the oil inlet to the preset experimental pressure again.
In order to reduce the load of the oil bag 32, the first vibrator 6 may be a micro vibrator, which belongs to a well-known technology, such as a vibrator installed in a mobile phone, and for brevity, will not be described in detail herein.
In addition, the sealing plug 3211 may be screwed with the air outlet of the pressurizing part 321.
It should be noted that, when the first vibrator 6 is started, the sealing plug 3211 may be lifted manually, so that the air outlet is located at the highest point of the pressurization portion 321, which is convenient for air to gather toward the air outlet.
In some other embodiments, the top end of the pressing portion 321 has an air outlet, a sealing plug 3211 is detachably connected to the air outlet, and the second vibrator 7 is mounted at the bottom of the carriage assembly 4 as shown in fig. 8. The second vibrator 7 is used in the same manner as above, but different from the above, in order to avoid the vibration of the rock sample caused by the vibration of the second vibrator 7, the rock sample can be placed in the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 after the gas is exhausted. The second vibrator 7 is a well-known vibrator, such as an eccentric vibrator, a planetary vibrator, a reciprocating vibrator, etc., and will not be described in detail herein for brevity.
In addition, the shape of the frame 31 may be varied, and in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the frame 31 includes four sidewalls 311, and the four sidewalls 311 enclose a rectangular structure. The four side walls 311 can pressurize the rock sample from four directions respectively, and the oil pockets 32 are fully contacted with the rock sample, so that the actual compression condition of the rock sample can be accurately simulated. Of course, the side walls 311 may be configured to be three, five, six, etc.
On the basis of the above embodiment, preferably, four side walls 311 are independently arranged, and the pressurizing portions 321 are correspondingly configured to be four, that is, one pressurizing portion 321 is configured on the inner surface of each side wall 311, and each side wall 311 is provided with a through hole for the oil inlet portion 322 to pass through, and the four oil inlet portions may be respectively communicated with four external oil pumps or communicated with one external oil pump after being converged.
The arrangement facilitates independent movement of the four side walls 311, namely, when the distance between the rock sample and the oil bag 32 in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction is too large, the two side walls 311 in the direction can be moved inwards, and the gasket is additionally arranged between the two side walls and the rock sample box 2, so that the gasket is not required to be additionally arranged between the oil bag 32 and the side walls 311, and further, the situation that the expansion of the oil bag 32 is influenced due to the fact that the thickness of the gasket is large and the gasket occupies the outer surface area of the oil bag 32 in the thickness direction is avoided under certain conditions.
Of course, in some other embodiments, the four side walls 311 may be of an integral structure, and in this case, the oil bag 32 may be of an integral structure as well, or may be of a plurality of independent structures.
The following specifically describes a class of preferred embodiments of the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device:
in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device further includes a frame 5, and the cutter vertical moving mechanism 1 and the sliding seat assembly 4 are both mounted on the frame 5. The frame 5 can guarantee the stability of the relative position of the cutter vertical moving mechanism 1 and the sliding seat assembly 4, and stable rock breaking is realized.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the frame 5 includes a top beam welding assembly 51, two columns 52 and a base 53, the sliding seat assembly 4 is installed on the base 53, the two columns 52 are configured in two, the two columns 52 are supported on the base 53, the top beam welding assembly 51 is connected to two opposite sides of the top ends of the two columns 52, and the cutter vertical moving mechanism 1 is installed on the top beam welding assembly 51.
The upright 52, the header welding assembly 51 and the base 53 are welded by steel plates, and the upright 52, the header welding assembly 51 and the base 53 may be connected to each other by bolts.
When the second vibrator 7 is installed at the bottom of the sliding seat assembly 4, the second vibrator 7 is located between the base 53 and the sliding seat assembly 4, in order to guarantee the stability of the position of the second vibrator 7 in the rock breaking process, the base 53 can be provided with a limiting structure abutted against the bottom end of the sliding seat assembly 4, the position of the bottom end of the sliding seat assembly 4 is limited, and when the second vibrator 7 works, the limiting structure can relieve the limiting effect on the position of the bottom end of the sliding seat assembly 4.
Specifically, the limiting structure may be a slider detachably connected to the base 53 by a screw.
The cutter vertical movement mechanism 1 will be specifically described below:
in some embodiments, the knife vertical moving mechanism 1 comprises a first driver 11, a guide rail 12, a telescopic portion 13 and a cutting assembly 14; the first driver 11 and the guide rail 12 are both mounted on the cap welding assembly 51 of the frame 5; the telescopic part 13 comprises an inner cylinder 131 and an outer cylinder 132, the top end of the outer cylinder 132 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the guide rail 12, the inner cylinder 131 is slidably connected with the guide rail 12 and penetrates through the outer cylinder 132, the guide rail 12 plays a guiding role for the outer cylinder 132, the first driver 11 is connected with the top end of the inner cylinder 131, the first driver 11 is used for driving the inner cylinder 131 to vertically slide relative to the guide rail 12, and the cutting assembly 14 is connected with the bottom end of the inner cylinder 131.
In use, the first driver 11 drives the inner cylinder 131 to slide vertically relative to the guide rail 12, so that the cutting assembly 14 connected with the inner cylinder 131 moves vertically to reach or depart from a designated rock breaking penetration position.
Wherein the first actuator 11 can be a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a linear motor, etc., and in at least one embodiment, the first actuator 11 is an electric servo cylinder driven by a servo motor. The motion displacement control error of the servo electric cylinder is less than 0.02mm, the motion speed control error is less than 0.1mm/s, and the motion speed of the servo electric cylinder can be adjusted in the range of 0-300 mm/s.
In addition, as shown in fig. 6, the top end of the inner cylinder 131 is provided with an upper flange 133, the first actuator 11 is connected to the upper flange 133 by bolts, the bottom end of the inner cylinder 131 is provided with a lower flange 134, and the cutting assembly 14 is connected to the lower flange 134 by bolts.
In some embodiments, to ensure that the cutting assembly 14 is stabilized at the designated rock breaking penetration position during the rock breaking process, the tool vertical moving mechanism 1 further includes a fastening handle 15, the fastening handle 15 penetrates through the outer cylinder 132 and is movably connected with the outer cylinder 132, and the fastening handle 15 is used for abutting against the inner cylinder 131 to limit the position of the inner cylinder 131 relative to the outer cylinder 132.
When the first actuator 11 adjusts the height of the cutting assembly 14, the rotatable handle releases the inner cylinder 131, and after adjustment, the rotatable handle locks the position of the inner cylinder 131 relative to the outer cylinder 132.
The locking of the tightening handle 15 can be varied and is described in detail below in two embodiments:
the first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 6, the fastening handle 15 includes a first handle body 151, a stud 152 and a friction plate 153, the stud 152 penetrates through the outer cylinder 132 and is in threaded fit with the outer cylinder 132, the friction plate 153 for abutting against the inner cylinder 131 is connected to the inner side of the stud 152, the friction plate 153 is used for increasing friction between the stud 152 and the inner cylinder 131, the first handle body 151 is connected to the outer side of the stud 152, and the stud 152 can be rotated by the first handle body 151, so that the stud 152 can be screwed into or out of the outer cylinder 132.
The tightening handle 15 has a simple structure, and the pressure applied to the inner cylinder 131 by the tightening handle 15 can be adjusted through the rotation angle of the stud 152, so that the operation is convenient.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 7, the fastening handle 15 includes a second handle body 154 and a cam 155, a through groove is formed on a side wall of the outer cylinder 132, the cam 155 is rotatably connected in the through groove, the second handle body 154 is fixedly connected to the cam 155, and a user can rotate the cam 155 through the second handle body 154. When the cam 155 is turned from far rest to near rest, the cam 155 releases the inner barrel 131, and when the cam 155 is turned from near rest to far rest, the cam 155 gradually compresses the inner barrel 131 to lock the position of the inner barrel 131.
In the second embodiment, when the cam 155 is just at far rest, facing the direction of fig. 7, the end of the tightening handle 15 extending out of the outer cylinder 132 is at the lowest position, with the obstruction of the outer wall of the outer cylinder 132. During rock breaking, when the cutting assembly 14 tends to move upwards, the outer cylinder 132 blocks the tightening handle 15 from rotating clockwise, so that the cam 155 is blocked from rotating from far rest to near rest, and the inner cylinder 131 is locked.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the cutting assembly 14 includes a three-way force sensor 141, a tool holder 142 and a tool 143, the three-way force sensor 141 is connected to the lower flange 134 at the bottom end of the inner cylinder 131 through a bolt, the three-way force sensor 141 can measure the vertical force and the horizontal force parallel to and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the broken rock of the tool 143 in real time, and one end of the tool holder 142 is connected to the three-way force sensor 141 and the other end is detachably connected to the tool 143.
The tool holder 142 may be detachably connected to the tool holder 142 by bolts, pins, or the like. The tool apron 142 can be provided with mechanical rock breaking tools of different sizes, such as TBM disc-type hobs, heading machine cutting picks, milling teeth and the like, and rock breaking experiments of different tools can be performed.
The rock sample box 2 is described in detail below:
The structure of the carriage assembly 4 is explained in detail below:
in some embodiments, as shown in figure 8, the carriage assembly 4 comprises a lateral movement mechanism 41 and a longitudinal movement mechanism 42, the lateral movement mechanism 41 being mounted on the frame 5, the longitudinal movement mechanism 42 being mounted on the lateral movement mechanism 41, and the rock sample magazine 2 being mounted on the longitudinal movement mechanism 42. The sliding seat assembly 4 is simple in structure and can realize stable movement of the rock sample box 2.
It is to be understood that the above-mentioned lateral and longitudinal directions are relative terms, and are intended to illustrate that the moving directions of the lateral moving mechanism 41 and the longitudinal moving mechanism 42 in the horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other. Specifically, taking fig. 8 as an example, the left-right direction in fig. 8 is the lateral direction, and the direction facing fig. 8 is the vertical direction.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, the lateral moving mechanism 41 includes a second driver 411, a fixed lower sliding rail 412 and a movable lower sliding seat 413, the fixed lower sliding rail 412 is fixedly mounted on the frame 5, the fixed portion of the second driver 411 is fixedly mounted on the fixed lower sliding rail 412, the movable portion of the second driver 411 is connected to the movable lower sliding seat 413, and the movable lower sliding seat 413 is slidably connected to the fixed lower sliding rail 412;
the longitudinal moving mechanism 42 comprises a third driver 421 and a moving upper slide carriage 422, a fixed part of the third driver 421 is fixedly arranged on the moving lower slide carriage 413, a moving part of the third driver 421 is connected with the moving upper slide carriage 422, the moving upper slide carriage 422 is connected with the moving lower slide carriage 413 in a sliding manner, and the rock sample box 2 is arranged on the moving upper slide carriage 422.
The transverse moving mechanism 41 and the longitudinal moving mechanism 42 are compact in structure, and the respective moving processes are not influenced by the other mechanism, so that the rock sample box 2 is ensured to stably move.
The second driver 411 and the third driver 421 are similar to the first driver 11 in structure type, and are not described in detail herein for brevity.
The following specifically describes a class of preferred embodiments of the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device:
in some embodiments, the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device further comprises a data acquisition system connected with the cutter vertical moving mechanism 1, the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 and the sliding seat assembly 4. The data acquisition system can gather displacement, speed and load of rock sample box 2 on cutter vertical moving mechanism 1, flexible confined pressure loading mechanism 3, the slide assembly 4, realizes the zero confined pressure to the accurate loading of high confined pressure of rock sample, is convenient for study cutting speed to the broken rock performance's of machinery influence.
The use process of the flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device is specifically explained as follows:
the rock sample is placed in the rock sample box 2, and the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 is installed around the rock sample. Depending on the size of the rock sample, when the surface of the rock sample is more than 30mm from the oil pocket 32, a gasket is applied between the frame 31 and the oil pocket 32 or between the frame 31 and the rock sample box 2.
And (3) filling oil to the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 through an external oil pump until a preset pressure is reached, and stabilizing for 1 minute. The flexible confining pressure loading mechanism 3 can accurately load the rock sample from zero confining pressure to high confining pressure (greater than 30 MPa).
The first driver 11 is operated to move the cutter 143 downwards to the designated rock-breaking penetration degree, and the tightening handle 15 is rotated to lock the penetration degree of the cutter 143.
The third actuator 421 is operated to push and move the upper slide 422 so that the cutter 143 is positioned 40mm from the long side of the rock sample in the short side direction of the rock sample.
And operating the second driver 411 to push and move the lower sliding seat 413, so that the rock sample moves 400mm along the long edge direction of the rock sample at the moving speed of 0-300mm/s, and realizing the first hob rock breaking.
After completing a rock breaking process, the third driver 421 is operated again to push and move the upper sliding seat 422, so that the cutter 143 is located 70mm away from the long side of the rock sample in the short side direction of the rock sample.
And operating the second driver 411 again to push and move the lower sliding seat 413, so that the rock sample moves 400mm along the long edge direction of the rock sample at the moving speed of 0-300mm/s, and realizing secondary hob rock breaking.
The rock breaking process can be carried out for multiple times according to the research requirement.
The penetration, stress and rock sample moving speed of the cutter 143 are recorded by a data acquisition system for subsequent analysis.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device is characterized by comprising a cutter vertical moving mechanism (1), a rock sample box (2), a flexible confining pressure loading mechanism (3) and a sliding seat assembly (4);
the rock sample box (2) is arranged on the sliding seat assembly (4), and the sliding seat assembly (4) is used for driving the rock sample box (2) to horizontally move;
the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism (3) is arranged in the rock sample box (2), the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism (3) is provided with an oil-filled deformation cavity, and the oil-filled deformation cavity is used for filling oil bodies for pressurizing rock samples;
the cutter vertical moving mechanism (1) is positioned above the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism (3).
2. The flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism (3) comprises a frame (31) and an oil bag (32), the oil bag (32) comprises a pressurization part (321) and an oil inlet part (322), the pressurization part (321) is located on the inner side of the frame (31), the pressurization part (321) is provided with the oil-filled deformation cavity, the oil inlet part (322) penetrates through the frame (31), one end of the oil inlet part (322) is communicated with the oil-filled deformation cavity, and the other end of the oil inlet part (322) is communicated with an external oil pump.
3. The mechanical rock breaking test device with flexible added confining pressure as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a gasket is additionally arranged between the pressurizing part (321) and the side wall (311) of the frame (31).
4. The flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that an air outlet is formed in the top end of the pressurizing portion (321), a sealing plug (3211) is detachably connected to the air outlet, and a vibrator is mounted on the outer surface of the pressurizing portion (321) or a vibrator is mounted at the bottom of the sliding seat assembly (4).
5. A flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device according to claim 2 characterized in that the frame (31) comprises four side walls (311), the four side walls (311) being enclosed in a rectangular structure.
6. The mechanical rock breaking test device with flexible confining pressure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a frame (5), wherein the cutter vertical moving mechanism (1) and the sliding seat assembly (4) are mounted on the frame (5).
7. The mechanical rock breaking test device with flexible confining pressure as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the cutter vertical moving mechanism (1) comprises a first driver (11), a guide rail (12), a telescopic part (13) and a cutting assembly (14);
the first driver (11) and the guide rail (12) are both arranged on the frame (5);
flexible portion (13) include inner tube (131) and urceolus (132), the top of urceolus (132) with the bottom rigid coupling of guide rail (12), inner tube (131) with guide rail (12) sliding connection runs through urceolus (132), first driver (11) with the top of inner tube (131) is connected, first driver (11) are used for driving inner tube (131) for guide rail (12) vertical slip, cutting assembly (14) with the bottom of inner tube (131) is connected.
8. The flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device according to claim 7, characterized in that the cutter vertical moving mechanism (1) further comprises a fastening handle (15), the fastening handle (15) penetrates through the outer cylinder (132) and is movably connected with the outer cylinder (132), and the fastening handle (15) is used for being abutted with the inner cylinder (131) to limit the position of the inner cylinder (131) relative to the outer cylinder (132).
9. The flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the cutting assembly (14) comprises a three-way force sensor (141), a tool holder (142) and a tool (143), the three-way force sensor (141) is connected with the bottom end of the inner cylinder (131), one end of the tool holder (142) is connected with the three-way force sensor (141), and the other end is detachably connected with the tool (143).
10. A flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device according to claim 6, characterized in that the slide assembly (4) comprises a transverse moving mechanism (41) and a longitudinal moving mechanism (42), the transverse moving mechanism (41) is installed on the machine frame (5), the longitudinal moving mechanism (42) is installed on the transverse moving mechanism (41), and the rock sample box (2) is installed on the longitudinal moving mechanism (42).
11. The flexible confining pressure mechanical rock breaking test device according to claim 10, characterized in that the lateral movement mechanism (41) comprises a second driver (411), a fixed lower slide (412) and a movable lower slide (413), the fixed lower slide (412) is fixedly mounted on the frame (5), a fixed portion of the second driver (411) is fixedly mounted on the fixed lower slide (412), a movable portion of the second driver (411) is connected with the movable lower slide (413), and the movable lower slide (413) is slidably connected with the fixed lower slide (412);
vertical moving mechanism (42) include third driver (421) and remove on the slide (422), the fixed part of third driver (421) adorn admittedly remove under on the slide (413), the removal portion of third driver (421) with remove on the slide (422) and connect, remove on the slide (422) with remove under slide (413) sliding connection, rock appearance box (2) install in remove on the slide (422).
12. The mechanical rock breaking test device with flexible confining pressure according to claim 1 is characterized by further comprising a data acquisition system connected with the cutter vertical moving mechanism (1), the flexible confining pressure loading mechanism (3) and the sliding seat assembly (4).
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